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1
Srikrishna, B. N. "The Indian Legal System." International Journal of Legal Information 36, no. 2 (2008): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500003024.
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The legal system in India follows the common law model prevalent in the countries which were at one time under British Rule or were part of the British Commonwealth. The jurisprudence followed in India is almost the same as the one prevalent in England, though it has been cross-fertilized by typical Indian values.
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Narayan, Uma. "Basic Indian Legal Literature for Foreign Legal Professionals**." International Journal of Legal Information 37, no. 3 (2009): 333–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500005382.
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Among Asian Nations, India has become a major political, cultural and business hub. This situation has contributed to frequent interaction of foreign governments, foreign nationals and businesspersons with India and Indians. In order to make them aware of the Indian Legal System and Literatures - so that they act within scope of the system – I present here a brief article giving an introduction to Indian legal literature and legal sources.Two earlier resources for Indian legal materials include:1. A Bibliography of Indian Law, edited by Charles Henry Alexandrowicz, (Oxford University Press, 1958), and2. Indian Legal Materials: A Bibliographic Guide, by H.C. Jain, (N.M. Tripathi, Bombay, 1970).
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Dr. Ravi Kumar Tyagi and Mr. Rajender kumar. "Review Of Judicial System In Ancient India." Legal Research Development 3, no. I (September 30, 2018): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v3n1.02.
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India has the highest law in the world. There is no other form of judgment with an individual or higher. But before describing the judiciary system in ancient India I have to give a warning. The learner should reject the major allegations of the Jurisprudence of India as well as the Indian law enforcement system by some British writers. I will make a few examples. Henry Maine described the ancient Indian legal system as "a tool for evil". The Anglo-Indian lawyer called this “Indian life” practices before Britain came back to India: “It (British rule in India) is a survey of foreign directors to oversee foreign sectors, to align Europe's Oriental cultural practices, and to formulate specific laws. The highest among the ruthless nations associated with the government for empty authorities1. ”Alan Gledhill, a retired member of the Indian Civil Service, wrote that when Britain took power in India," there was a breakdown of legal laws.
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Raj, Arjita, Sahel MD Delabul Hossain, and Arpita Raj. "Legal Pluralism: A Case Study on Autonomous Socio-Political and Judicial System in Santal Society." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 10551–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.10551ecst.
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The aim of this study is to determine how legal pluralism exists in Santal society and how their self-governing socio-political and judicial system, eminently known as Manjhi-Pargana or Marehor, exercises power over the society exclusively with the coexistence of the national legal system. Legal pluralism is the coexistence of two or multiple legal systems within a specific area. The Santal, one of the largest indigenous tribes of Eastern India, often mentions themselves as HorHopan meaning children of mankind. The Montage-Chelmsford report of 1918 remarked them as backward areas. Around 1935, Santals are recognized as backward tribes in India and are scheduled as tribes. In post-independent era under the Fifth and Sixth schedule of the Constitution, they have been described as people of ‘scheduled areas.’ The Indian Constitution has tried to build up the bridge between the Indian administrative system and the Santal society and has allowed them to enjoy the legal pluralism system.
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HEGDE, V. G. "Indian Courts and International Law." Leiden Journal of International Law 23, no. 1 (February 2, 2010): 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156509990331.
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AbstractThe approach of Indian courts towards international law has been consistently evolving. Initially, the Indian constitutional framework provided a flexible basis for the application and use of international law, the reasons for which could be seen in the socio-political context of India as a developing country. India, for its part, continued to argue that it remained essentially at the periphery of the mainstream international law, as it had no role in formulating some of the basic principles of international law. For the Indian courts the first substantive encounter with international law emerges in the context of several territorial-related issues. The socio-political context forms the next phase, for the Indian courts to have recourse to diverse international legal norms relating to the environment and human rights and applying them as a persuasive tool. Later, the development context brings a complex array of commercial, environmental, and other related international legal norms into the Indian legal system. For Indian courts, in the present context, the correct sourcing and identification of international legal norms and their application remain a huge challenge. The majority of the legal systems of developing countries for varied historical reasons continue to treat international law as an exotic legal tool to be used sparingly, perhaps only to broaden the interpretation of or sustain a comparable domestic legal norm.
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Prasad Roy, Arka. "NAVIGATING THE LEGAL VOID: DIGITAL ESTATE PLANNING IN INDIAS DEVELOPING LEGAL SYSTEM." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 03 (March 31, 2023): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/16455.
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With the proliferation of digital technology and the increasing use of the internet, digital assets have become an integral part of our lives. In todays world, it is common to have a digital presence in the form of online accounts, email, social media, and cloud storage. These digital assets, along with traditional assets, need to be protected and managed in the event of death or incapacity. This is where digital estate planning comes into play.This research paper aims to explore the importance of digital estate planning and the laws surrounding it in India. The paper begins by defining digital estate planning and identifying the types of digital assets that need to be protected. It then discusses the potential consequences of failing to plan for digital assets and the importance of having a digital estate plan in place.The paper then examines the laws in India that govern digital estate planning. It finds that while there is no specific legislation on digital estate planning, existing laws such as the Information Technology Act and the Indian Contract Act, provide some guidance on the management and distribution of digital assets.The paper also discusses the challenges associated with digital estate planning in India, including the lack of awareness about the importance of digital estate planning, the absence of a centralized registry for digital assets, and the difficulty in accessing and managing online accounts after the owners death.Finally, the paper concludes that while the laws in India are evolving to address digital estate planning, there is still a long way to go. It recommends that individuals take proactive steps to manage their digital assets and seek professional help to create a digital estate plan that addresses their specific needs.In conclusion, digital estate planning is a critical aspect of modern-day estate planning. This research paper highlights the importance of having a digital estate plan in place and identifies the laws in India that govern digital estate planning. It also highlights the challenges associated with digital estate planning in India and provides recommendations for individuals to protect their digital assets. As technology continues to evolve, it is essential to stay informed and take the necessary steps to manage our digital lives effectively.
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CHERESHNEVA, Larisa Aleksandrovna. "CONSTITUTIONS OF JAWAHARLAL NEHRU AND LIAQUAT ALI KHAN: CORRELATION OF POLITICAL STRATEGY AND STATE AND LEGAL REALIA OF INDEPENDENT INDIA AND PAKISTAN (1947–1956)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 174 (2018): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2018-23-174-210-216.
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India and Pakistan, which emerged on the political map of the world 70 years ago, with the end of two hundred years of colonial rule of Britain, appeared to be the first states in the South Asia that demonstrated the uniqueness of the algorithms of the sovereignty of the liberated countries of the East. To what extent was it possible to combine tradition and modernization in their state-building? Return to the Eastern despotism, monarchical princely forms of governing or the creation of republics? What was the role in the States of free Hindustan to be supposed for their religion, religious institutions? Could the system of separation of powers correspond to the traditional ideas of many Indian and Pakistani peoples about power? We describe the characteristics of the program models of the state system, developed by the leading political forces of Colonial India – the All-Indian National Congress and the Muslim League for the future independent Hindustan, and their correlation with the real state and legal foundations of the Indian Union and Pakistan, formed in 1947–1956. It is noted that the League had only a general idea of the state formation and nation-building of Pakistan, which could not but affect the specifics of the Muslim project “Two Nations-two Indias” and subsequently led Pakistan to slide to the military dictatorships. The interrelation of the development of democratic legislation with the ideas of social justice, equality of national and ethno-religious minorities and the title majority is shown, the emphasis is placed on the risks of violation of the historical multiculturalism of the Indian civilization. We have involved the Indian, Pakistani and British documentaries on state-legal, historical and political issues, archival materials of the National Archives of India.
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KHORAKIWALA, Rahela. "Legal Consciousness as Viewed through the Judicial Iconography of the Madras High Court." Asian Journal of Law and Society 5, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/als.2017.33.
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AbstractThe Madras High Court located in Chennai, India, was established in 1862 when India was under colonial rule. It continues to exist in post-independence India after merging into the Indian legal system. In this study, I argue that the architecture and judicial iconography of the Madras High Court building reflects a recurring historical tension between Indian and British concepts of justice. This is continually reflected in the semiotics of the legal space of this high court which in turn influences the legal consciousness of the court personnel who utilize this space. This architecture and iconography of the Madras High Court constitutes, preserves, and reinforces the ambivalent legal consciousness of those who created, occupy, and visit this space. The contemporary legal consciousness of the court personnel is thus seen to have deep historical roots.
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Agarwal, Dr Mala. "LEGAL REGULATION OF TRADE IN MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE INDIAN ECONOMIC SYSTEM." LAW. SAFETY. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 2023, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.61260/2074-1626-2023-3-55-60.
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Issues of legal and trade regulation of the market of medicinal plants are relevant in the modern economy of India. The increasing demand of medicinal plants in the world is causing an adverse impact on Indian medicinal plant resource. There is an urgent need to organize medicinal plant trade sector by sustainable use
of wild population of plants, increased cultivation of medicinal plants and moving to export from unprocessed raw material to finished drugs suitable for international standards. Besides this conservation of Indian medicinal plant wealth is utterly necessary to favour the international trade.
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Pandey, Saket Dev. "India’s Legal System has Failed to Learn From Institutional Memory." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 921–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd17000.
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Bhardwaj, Raj Kumar. "The Indian Judicial System: Transition from Print to Digital." Legal Information Management 13, no. 3 (September 2013): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669613000443.
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AbstractIn this, the third of a trilogy of articles for LIM written by Raj Kumar Bhardwaj, the author addresses the move from print to digital legal information within the Indian judicial system. He describes briefly the historical development of the legal system and the enormous backlog of cases that are pending throughout the court structure, before turning attention to the role of ICT in the legal system and the moves under way to create a more efficient electronic administration for the judiciary in India.
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Bhardwaj, Raj Kumar. "Online Legal Information Systems in India: a Case Study from the Faculty of Law, University of Delhi." Legal Information Management 12, no. 2 (June 2012): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669612000357.
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AbstractIn this digital age, users require immediate access to information. To foster the process of research, the legal fraternity demands efficient online legal information systems. Raj Kumar Bhardwaj provides a view from India and reports on a case study that has been conducted on the use of various legal information databases in the Faculty of Law, University of Delhi, India. In his paper, he also reviews and discusses the various aspects relating to legal information retrieval systems, with particular reference to the various essential legal databases that cover Indian law.
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Bhardwaj, Raj Kumar, and Madhusudhan Margam. "Online legal information system for Indian environment: a user’s perspectives." Library Review 65, no. 8/9 (November 7, 2016): 593–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lr-09-2015-0095.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore legal information requirements of the legal community in India for a proposed online legal information system tailored to the Indian environment. Design/methodology/approach A needs assessment survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire circulated among 750 respondents from eight institutions in Delhi. A total of 397 filled-in questionnaires were personally collected by the investigator, showing a response rate of 52.9 per cent. All these questionnaires were selected for analysis and interpretation of data. Responses to 45 questions were analyzed and presented in the form of tables and figures using various statistical techniques. Findings The findings of the study show that majority of the respondents felt they faced a number of problems in using online legal resources such as accessibility of legal information in legal resources, lack of online help features, description of legal information sources, search screen too confusing and poor website design. In addition, respondents highlighted that access instructions on the online resources are not clear. Lack of expertise and insufficient knowledge of information and communication technology in using legal databases are also major hurdles. Majority of the respondents are somewhat satisfied in using open-access and commercial legal information resources and not aware of open-access resources in the field of law. Model online legal information system (OLIS) was designed and developed based on the findings drawn in the needs assessment survey to empower the common man with legal resources at no cost, and foster research in the field of law. Research limitations/implications The model OLIS contains only a sample collection. It is expected that the proposed system will be implemented on a wider scale, so that lawyers, research scholars and common people can benefit. Practical implications The findings of the study will help libraries to subscribe to legal information resources and to design robust OLIS suitable in the Indian context. It is anticipated that the needs assessment survey of OLIS will help government agencies and law libraries to understand the problems of the legal fraternity in accessing legal information. Originality/value The present study designed a model OLIS for the Indian environment (www.olisindia.in) to aid the legal community in India, enabling them to save their valuable time. This system will help and foster interdisciplinary research learning and can be used as a tool for learning the basic concepts, as well as help deliberate on the emerging areas in the field of law.
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Sarker, Shuvro Prosun, and Prakash Sharma. "Bridging the Gap: Understanding the Trends in Indian Legal Education from Recent Developments." Asian Journal of Legal Education 7, no. 1 (January 2020): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2322005819881100.
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The constitutional mandate of legal aid provides Indian law schools a unique opportunity to achieve the social justice mission of legal education. Taking cue from such holistic vision, Indian legal education aims to provide a fair, effective and accessible legal system to its citizens. Having said this, the euphoria of ideal legal education remains a distant dream with continuous declining standards in legal education impartation. There appear efforts to correct such decline, which led to the introduction of clinical legal education (CLE) as a mandatory component in the law school curriculum by way of mandatory practical papers. Also, the modern approach to legal education demands adoption of local circumstances while implementing ‘broadly shared aspirations’ and ‘goals of global level’. In this regard, this article covers three recent activities, which if clubbed together present wider scenes pertaining to the state of legal education and reforms in India. On a collective reading of all three events, this article argues for introducing continuing legal education (CLE) in India.
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Narayan, Uma. "Sources of Indian Legal Information." Legal Information Management 7, no. 2 (June 2007): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669606001204.
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AbstractAbstract: The purpose of this paper by Uma Narayan is to provide an insight into how to use Indian legal materials for research purposes. The following subjects are covered: the evolution of the Indian legal system; systems and procedures in enacting laws in Parliament; Indian legal information sources - both government and private - as well as print and electronic sources and how to understand the method of publication of legislation.
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Loya, Akash Santosh. "Blockchain Technology: Usages and Legal Implications in India." Business Law Review 39, Issue 3 (June 1, 2018): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2018015.
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Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger technology which helps to store information in a decentralized way. It can be put to use for various purposes ranging from the handling and transaction of virtual currency to maintenance of land registries. The adoption of the technology in India will surely enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the various sectors. However, certain legal ramifications may arise. The three prominent usages of Blockchain technology are: Bitcoins, Smart Contracts and the Land Registry System. The legal ramifications of all the three usages under various Indian laws have been examined. Further, adoption of Blockchain technology in the Land Registry System will require certain structural changes. Therefore, the said structural changes have been examined and certain suggestions have been made for successful adoption of Blockchain technology in the Land Registry System in India.
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Ramachandran, Vibhuti. "“These Girls Never Give Statements”: Anti-Trafficking Interventions and Victim-Witness Testimony in India." Social Sciences 11, no. 9 (September 5, 2022): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090405.
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Framing sex trafficking as primarily a law enforcement and criminal justice issue, the U.S. State Department funds global South NGOs to work with the Indian legal system to strengthen prosecutions of sex trafficking cases. Though rescuing sex workers and training them to testify against alleged traffickers is key to these interventions, and though rescued sex workers do sometimes testify, my ethnographic research and interviews with NGOs, legal actors, and sex workers in India revealed that this is a rare occurrence. This article explores the reasons behind this reported pattern, as well as the challenges faced by those who do testify. Through these findings, it critically examines the possibilities and limitations of the prosecutorial focus of U.S.-driven, NGO-mediated anti-trafficking interventions. It situates anti-trafficking interventions centered on “victim-witness testimony” in the Indian socio-legal context, demonstrating how prosecution is shaped by a range of factors, circumstances, and contingencies involving foreign-funded NGOs, the procedures, political economy and culture of the Indian legal system, individual legal actors’ motivations, and rescued sex workers’ complex subjectivities, experiences, choices, and perceptions of justice. It draws upon and contextualizes these findings to challenge prevalent assumptions about the victimhood of global South sex workers, about global South legal systems necessarily lacking resources and commitment, and about anti-trafficking solutions rooted in criminal justice incontrovertibly benefiting trafficked sex workers.
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R, Dr Chaya, and Syed Salman. "The Present State of Artificial Intelligence in the Indian Legal System and its Monitoring." June-July 2023, no. 34 (July 27, 2023): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jls.34.12.21.
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Artificial intelligence has grown to be an essential element of many companies, including the legal sector. It is critical to guarantee that AI is used safely and responsibly throughout the country, and the actions of the Indian government and business organisations are an excellent place to start. As AI becomes more integrated into the legal system and different sectors, various legislative frameworks controlling its application and use in India has been emerging. It becomes essential to understand India's legal framework for AI governance and monitoring. The study focuses on the numerous legal and regulatory frameworks in India that govern the development and application of AI. It also covers several national laws, guidelines, and regulations emphasising responsible and ethical AI implementation along with identification of countries that are encouraging regulators and law makers to implement AI Regulations.
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Yadav, Parul, and Komal Vig. "PRUNING OF SECTION 377, INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1860 AND CHANGED DYNAMICS OF MORALITY IN INDIAN SOCIETY." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 6 (January 2, 2020): 1077–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.76157.
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Purpose: The research paper has been written in order to analyze the impact of reading down the notorious section of Indian Penal Code, 1860 which being Section 377 which penalized every sexual act other than a heterosexual union even if consensual in the judgment given by the Supreme Court of India in Navjot Singh v. Union of India on the society of India. This paper aims to see its impact on the morality of the Indian community on the known definitions and working of the morality in the social and the legal system.
Methodology: In this work classical method of research has been followed which being doctrinal research also, a comparative analysis between the legal text of Section 377 of Indian Penal Code, 1860 and the judgments announced by the Supreme court of India has been undertaken with the proportional qualitative analysis done with moral set up of Indian Society.
Main Findings: The analysis conducted on law and social structure of Indian Society by the researchers point out to the fact that after reading down of Section 377, the social set-up of India is resenting the recognition granted to third sex and gender because it disturbs its moral thread which has knitted the social structure known as of now and introduces a third angle in known concepts of sex and sexuality which till now have been relying on parallel tracks of male and female sex/gender.
Application: This research piece will aid students in understanding the concept of morality and will demonstrate its effect on the working of the Criminal system of a country. Moreover, it will also give support in understanding the role of biological sex and sexual preferences in shaping law as known today.
Novelty/Originality: This research is novel in its attempt of wherein morality has been traced in the criminal legal system of the country which is most prominent in issues related to the sex of the human body and its sexuality.
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Narayan, ChoudharyLaxmi, and Deep Shikha. "Indian legal system and mental health." Indian Journal of Psychiatry 55, no. 6 (2013): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.105521.
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Chaudhuri, Rustam. "The Indian legal system: an enquiry." Asia Pacific Law Review 30, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10192557.2022.2045713.
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Sengupta, Nirmal. "Natural Resources in Indian Legal System." History and Sociology of South Asia 4, no. 1 (January 2010): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223080751000400102.
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Mendelsohn, Oliver. "Liberalisation and the Indian legal system." Asian Studies Review 19, no. 3 (April 1996): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03147539608713068.
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Smolin, Vladimir. "The system of counter-crime with the use of virtual currency (cryptocurrencies) in Republic of India." Legal Science and Practice: Journal of Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2023, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36511/2078-5356-2023-3-106-109.
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This article discusses the main trends in the field of protecting public relations from criminal encroachments using cryptocurrencies in the Republic of India in order to possibly gain positive experience in improving the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of combating digital crime. The analysis of the Indian legal system for the effectiveness of combating digital crime using virtual currencies was carried out, and the legal status of digital financial assets as a source of criminological risks was studied. The features of the criminal-legal interpretation of the term — cryptocurrency, as a sign of a committed crime, are studied.
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Batar, Sourabh. "System of legal education in india." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 11, no. 11 (2021): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2021.00200.8.
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Mann, Uttkarsh. "Insanity Defence Under the Indian Criminal justice System." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 03, no. 03 (March 23, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/isjem01479.
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The "Insanity Defence" within the framework of the Indian Legal System serves as a protective measure for individuals accused of criminal offenses, especially when they lack the mental capacity to understand the nature of their actions or differentiate between right and wrong. This defence aligns with the legal principle “Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea,” which emphasizes that for an action to be deemed unlawful, it must be accompanied by a guilty mind. Consequently, punishing individuals who are not accountable for their actions would contravene fundamental human rights enshrined in the Constitution of India. To delve deeper into the concept of the insanity defence, it's essential to trace its origins and development within English law and its subsequent impact on Indian legal statutes. It's crucial to understand that insanity defence isn't merely a matter of suffering from a mental illness; rather, it requires a demonstration that the accused lacked the mental capacity to comprehend the consequences of their actions. Thus, the burden of proof lies with the accused, who must provide compelling evidence to establish their state of insanity, akin to the standard of “preponderance of the evidence” often seen in civil cases. This paper seeks to analyze the intricacies of insanity within the legal framework and how it has evolved into a potential loophole within the current judicial system.
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Epryntsev, Pylyp, and Nadiya Nosevych. "INDIA CENTRAL INVESTIGATION BUREAU: HISTORY, LEGAL BASIS OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY, TASKS, STRUCTURE." Law Journal of Donbass 73, no. 4 (2020): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2020-73-4-11-19.
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The law enforcement component provides for actions to ensure the rights and freedoms of citizens and protect the national interests of the state. It maybe done through the fight against organized crime, including international terrorism, the investigation of certain illegal acts, the restoration of an effective system of national security and defense. In the framework of this scientific and legal article, the author considered the history, legal basis of professional activity, structure and tasks of the Central Bureau of Investigation of India. Today's Indian CBI is a certain functional-targeted analogue of the American FBI, but does not cover, in contrast, the issue of threats to India's national security. Considering these subject aspects, the scientist turned to the current legislation of India on the professional activities of the CBI, the official website, as well as the scientific works of some domestic and foreign experts on this issue. An analysis of these and other sources revealed that the Central Bureau of Investigation of India today is a functional target of the US FBI, whose prerogative is to investigate a number of serious crimes throughout India, although, unlike the FBI, its professional rights in India states are significantly limited. The Bureau of Investigation does not carry out intelligence or counterintelligence activities, following the example of the FBI. The priority in the professional activities of the Central Bureau of Investigation of India is the investigation of criminal offenses, primarily corruption. Incomplete regulatory regulation of its activity remains a big problem for this body. The CBI's prerogative is to investigate a number of serious crimes throughout India, although, unlike the FBI, its professional rights in the Indian states are severely limited. A certain priority in the CBI's professional activities is the investigation of criminal offenses committed by government officials. First of all, we are talking about acts of corruption. A major problem for today's Indian CBI is the lack of separate clear legislation on its professional activities.
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Mahardika, Ahmad Gelora. "POLITIK HUKUM PENERAPAN OVERSEAS CITIZENSHIP OF INDIA (OCI) DALAM SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA." Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 27, no. 2 (November 6, 2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v27i2.10158.
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The idea of implementing a dual citizenship system in Indonesia which was initiated by the Indonesian Diaspora was directed towards imitating the Overseas Citizenship Of India (OCI) concept in India. The concept is considered a middle way between the demands of the Indian Diaspora and the reluctance of the Indian Government to amend the constitution regarding the principle of single citizenship. Indonesia also currently applies a single citizenship principle even though it is not regulated in the constitution. The idea of an Indonesian diaspora to emulate the OCI concept in India looks very rational, except that the problem is the extent to which the concept is applicable in the Indonesian constitutional system. What rules must be changed and which provisions must adjust. Implications of the application of OCI can be the same as dual citizenship, because the theory used is a residual theory where, apart from the prescribed restrictions, OCI card holders must be considered equal to Indonesian citizens. This concept has the potential to create legal complexity if there is a legal difference between Indonesia and other countries.
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Bachurin, D. "Legal and Regulatory Reform of Value-Added Taxation in the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of India: Trends and Characteristics." BRICS Law Journal 8, no. 3 (October 26, 2021): 148–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2021-8-3-148-171.
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Value-added taxation is a multidimensional theoretical, fiscal and legal structure. It also serves as a tool for the practical transformation of political, legal and socio-economic relations. The objective of the research is to study new concepts of value-added taxation formed in the two largest BRICS economies (the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of India). The assumption is that not only “European” model of the legal regulation of VAT can be successful, but alternatively “Chinese” and “Indian models.” The author examines and evaluates changes in the legal structure of value added tax in general, and its elements focusing on the current stage of legal regulation of national systems of VAT (GST) in China and India. In addition, the political, legal, social and economic effects of the legal mechanism of VAT (GST) in China and India from 2017 to 2020 are demonstrated.
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Ramaswamy, Hari Hara Sudhan. "The Prospect of Legal Education: An India Overview." Journal of Legal Studies 25, no. 39 (June 1, 2020): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jles-2020-0002.
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AbstractEducation in India is losing its relevance. This seems much more applicable to the situation in the present day of legal education. This essay aims to focus on two aspects of legal education. Whilst, on one hand, it aims to provide details of the existing legal education system on the other, it aims to drive more attention to the various improvements and developments that are needed. The essay firstly shall describe the existing legal education system. It shall analyze and assess the curricula that are available for the various undergraduate law degrees available in India. It aims to provide an understanding of the perceived distinctions between the three-year law degree and the five-year law degree. As a second aspect, the essay aims to explore options to further the quality of legal education in India by considering examples of various law schools or colleges of law across the world that have consistently proven themselves as a cut-above not legal education and research in their global scale. Also, from the learnings of the gaps in the curricula of the law degrees as discussed previously, the essay shall provide suggestions on the various plausible collaborations with foreign law schools and universities for the benefit of the Indian law schools and colleges of law. As a third and final aspect, as a measure to curb fake or bogus law schools or colleges of law within India and to enhance the employability of law graduates in India at par with those across the globe, the essay aims to provide suggestions applicable for the present-day legal education scenario.
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Harpreet Kaur and Dr. Ramesh Kumar. "India and Climate Changes: A Study of Legal Framework." Legal Research Development 7, no. IV (June 30, 2023): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v7n4.4.
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In the world, several countries are facing challenges due to climate change, out of them India’s main environmental problem is Climate change along with several other problems. This problem is affecting the living style of people and the country’s economy. The main cause of Climate variation is the accumulation of GHGs in the environment. Recent occurrences have unequivocally shown how vulnerable we are to climate variation. The consequence of climate change/variation will affect everything from cultivation to human health. After many years of the launch of NAPCC finally Indian Government on June 30, 2008, decided to bring into action the climate change plan to reduce/mitigate and adapt to change in climate. Further, there were many other responses to Climate variation to finance and advance clean energy activities as well as sponsoring research in the field, the Indian government established the NCEF in 2010 and the Paris Agreement in which India made three commitments. Ecosystems and social systems already under intense pressure from rapid industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth will be further strained by climate change. This paper will deal with what climate change is- how India is affected by Climate variation - How our Country is adapting to the collision of Climate change/variation- whether the Climate variation legislation is properly implemented or not- what the directions are given by NGT to the Indian government.
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Yadav, Ankita. "CLOSED-DOMAIN QUESTION-ANSWERING SYSTEM FOR INDIAN LEGAL ACTS." international journal of advanced research in computer science 15, no. 2 (April 20, 2024): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26483/ijarcs.v15i2.7064.
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: In Today’s digital age, access to legal knowledge among students is crucial for fostering a well-informed citizenry. However, comprehending the intricacies of provisions of Indian Legal Acts, especially in a complex legal system like India’s, can be daunting, even for seasoned professionals, let alone for educational purposes among children. To bridge this gap and foster legal literacy from a young age, we introduced a PDF-based Closed-domain Question-Answering (CDQA) System for Indian Legal Acts. Our system simplifies educating students about provisions of Indian Legal Acts such as RTI(Right to Education), RTE(Right to Education), Anti-Dowry Act, etc. By leveraging natural language processing(NLP) techniques and machine learning algorithms, our system, powered by LangChain, enables users to pose questions in natural language related to Indian Legal Acts. LangChain represents a groundbreaking advancement in question-answer systems, harnessing the power of cutting-edge language models to provide accurate and comprehensive responses to user queries. Developed based on state-of-the-art NLP techniques, LangChain is a versatile and highly adaptable tool that offers a versatile solution with transformative potential across diverse industries, including education, healthcare, legal research, customer support, etc.
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Tripathi, Harish. "Justice System and Legal System in the Maurya Empire." RESEARCH HUB International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53573/rhimrj.2023.v10n04.005.
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In this research paper, while critically studying the judicial system and legal system in the Maurya Empire, I have presented its introduction, judicial system and legal system. This study explores the judicial system and legal structure in the Maurya Empire, an ancient Indian empire that existed from 322 BCE to 185 BCE. The Maurya Empire had a well-established system of justice and an extensive legal framework, which played an important role in maintaining social order and governance. Through an examination of historical sources including the concept of "Sambhita" or "Samhita" and the influence of Dharma Shastra, this research sheds light on the sources of law in the empire. Additionally, it delves into the organization and functionaries of the judiciary, legal procedures and practices, and the criminal justice system prevalent during the Maurya era. The study also explores civil law and dispute resolution mechanisms, highlighting the importance of property rights, contracts and alternative methods of conflict resolution. In addition, it analyzes the social and legal reforms initiated by Emperor Ashoka, which aimed to promote moral principles and social justice. By examining the legacy and influence of the Maurya legal system, this research provides insight into the continuity and change of legal traditions in India and provides lessons for contemporary legal systems. Overall, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the judicial system and legal framework in the Maurya Empire and its importance in shaping ancient Indian society and governance.
Abstract in Hindi Language:
इस शोध पत्र में मैंने मौर्य साम्राज्य में न्याय प्रणाली और कानूनी व्यवस्था का विवेचनात्मक अध्ययन करते हुए इसकी प्रस्तावना, न्याय प्रणाली और कानूनी व्यवस्था के बारे प्रस्तुत किया है। यह अध्ययन 322 ईसा पूर्व से 185 ईसा पूर्व तक मौजूद एक प्राचीन भारतीय साम्राज्य मौर्य साम्राज्य में न्यायिक प्रणाली और कानूनी संरचना की पड़ताल करता है। मौर्य साम्राज्य में न्याय की एक सुस्थापित प्रणाली और एक व्यापक कानूनी ढांचा था, जिसने सामाजिक व्यवस्था और शासन को बनाए रखने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई। ’’संभिता’’ या ’’संहिता’’की अवधारणा और धर्म शास्त्र के प्रभाव सहित ऐतिहासिक स्रोतों की एक परीक्षा के माध्यम से, यह शोध साम्राज्य में कानून के स्रोतों पर प्रकाश डालता है। इसके अतिरिक्त, यह न्यायपालिका के संगठन और पदाधिकारियों, कानूनी प्रक्रियाओं और प्रथाओं, और मौर्य युग के दौरान प्रचलित आपराधिक न्याय प्रणाली में तल्लीन है। अध्ययन नागरिक कानून और विवाद समाधान तंत्र की भी पड़ताल करता है, संपत्ति के अधिकारों, अनुबंधों और संघर्ष समाधान के वैकल्पिक तरीकों के महत्व पर प्रकाश डालता है। इसके अलावा, यह सम्राट अशोक द्वारा शुरू किए गए सामाजिक और कानूनी सुधारों का विश्लेषण करता है, जिसका उद्देश्य नैतिक सिद्धांतों और सामाजिक न्याय को बढ़ावा देना था। मौर्य न्याय प्रणाली की विरासत और प्रभाव की जांच करके, यह शोध भारत में कानूनी परंपराओं की निरंतरता और परिवर्तन में अंतर्दृष्टि प्रदान करता है और समकालीन कानूनी प्रणालियों के लिए सबक प्रदान करता है। कुल मिलाकर, यह अध्ययन मौर्य साम्राज्य में न्यायिक प्रणाली और कानूनी ढांचे की गहरी समझ और प्राचीन भारतीय समाज और शासन को आकार देने में इसके महत्व को समझने में योगदान देता है।
Keywords: नैतिक सिद्धांत, निरंतरता, संपत्ति के अधिकार, न्यायिक प्रणाली और कानूनी संरचना
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Oropeza García, Arturo. "Antiquity and law: the legal system in India." Revista Digital Mundo Asia Pacífico 4, no. 6 (June 2015): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/map.v4.i6.01.
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Weerawardena Anrma. "The Relationship between Ethics and Law in the Indian Legal System." Journal of Social Science Humanities and Literature 6, no. 5 (October 30, 2023): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53469/jsshl.2023.06(05).03.
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The moral issue of the legal department is an extremely important and controversial issue. The scope of this paper is to discuss the role of morality in the current legal system, with particular emphasis on India 's recent judgments and their implications for society. This paper also focuses on the debate between freedom and security, the importance of intention in determining whether an act is criminal, and the role of the state in promoting and maintaining certain moral standards. It further discusses the impact of moral concepts in the future era and the way forward, distinguishing between illegal and immoral. It also discusses in detail the judgments that mark major changes in the country 's belief system, such as the decriminalization of adultery, the recognition of the rights of LGBTQ + groups, and the right to die with dignity. The purpose of this paper is to present the relationship between law and morality in society and to examine its current relevance, particularly in the Indian legal system.
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Et al., Ankit Rathi. "A Study on Application of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Indian Taxation System." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 1226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2265.
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In a developing economy like India taxation is a main source of public finance. Indian taxation system always suffered from problems such as tax evasion, inefficient administration etc. Administration of taxation always needs such a system which will be less in error and prompt in decision making. Indian taxation system is suffering from lack of manpower to perform tedious tasks such as data entry, scrutiny of return, tax audit etc.
To manage the changing tax landscape alongside use of analytics recently Indian government announced the use of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in tax assessment system. Artificial Intelligence or known as AI is a relatively new phenomenon in tax. Recently the government of India announced to use faceless tax assessment system empowered by AI/ML.
In the Present paper we attempt to find out the role of AI/ML in Indian taxation system and on the basis of factors such as tax knowledge, tax education, legal sanction, complexity of tax system, relationship with tax authority, perceived fairness of the tax system, ethics and attitudes towards tax compliance, awareness of offences and penalties, tax education, possibility of being audited etc. we want to know about the perception of taxpayers towards adoption of Artificial Intelligence based tax system.
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Chandrajeet Singh. "Socio-Legal And Cultural Structure In India: An Analytical Study And Future Possibilities." Legal Research Development: An International Refereed e-Journal 1, no. I (September 30, 2016): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v1n1.07.
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India before freedom or after freedom has had different statutes. After freedom our nation adopted a democratic system to run the nation. In compliance of our government has made/ drafted the Indian Constitution, so that a strong, durable and peaceful uniform system may be developed to regulate and control all the activities. This was a right step, as I think. But day by day definitions, limitations and thinking is being changing in connection of democracy as well as about the Indian Constitution. Our nation has different laws, culture and religion in different parts of the nation. It may be useful for our country if our politician as well our so called communities leaders/ Dharm Gurus will not use for personal interest and for benefit of political gains .Today diversity of the nation has become instrumentation, how it is used to spread of riots, social disturbance and to constitute government of particular party. Therefore time has come to analyse SOCIO, LEGAL AND CULTURAL STRUCTURE OF INDIA to know it is proper and useful for the nation or is not. If there are not in interest of the nation than we shall have to reconsidered in context of socio, legal and cultural structure of the nation. In this paper we try to find out reasons and solutions on the abovementioned subjects.
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Husein Kavazović. "Anglo-Muhammadan Law in British India: Historical-legal Aspect." Anali Gazi Husrev-Begove biblioteke 28, no. 42 (December 31, 2021): 57–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.51719/25663267.2021.28.42.57.
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Over the course of its development, Sharia law, like other legal systems, has gone through periods of rise and stagnation. These processes were closely related to the development of society and the state, their highs and lows. Although it was based on the universal Islamic principles that represented its foundation, the building of Sharia law was built with various elements of an interpretative character from primary and secondary sources. Sharia law did not operate in isolation from other legal systems it encountered, came into contact with and co-operated with. This paper aims at pointing to the emergence of a hybrid, mixed legal system, which was created through the cooperation of two different legal systems on the territory of today’s India under the rule of the British Raj. Anglo-Muhammadan law developed on two foundations: a) on individual Shariah regulations of family and property law and b) on the principles of common law of the legal system of justice, equity and good conscience.
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Chopra, J. S. "The perplexities of E-Discovery in the Indian healthcare system - A narrative review ." Sri Lanka Journal of Forensic Medicine, Science & Law 14, no. 2 (December 22, 2023): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljfmsl.v14i2.7945.
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With the rapid advances in medical technology and the digitization of healthcare systems, the importance of collecting and analyzing digital evidence in the medical field has grown significantly. This evidence plays a crucial role in investigating medical malpractice cases and preparing for legal proceedings in India. As medical devices and electronic health records become more prevalent, vast amounts of data are generated, stored, and accessed. While having substantial evidence to support medical claims is beneficial, it is essential to find a balance between retrieving and admitting digital evidence while respecting patient privacy. This article examines the use of electronic evidence in Indian medical litigation, the challenges it presents, and the initiatives taken to manage these challenges. However, the absence of clear legal guidelines on electronic discovery in medical cases exacerbates the problem. Medical procedure rules often fail to address electronic discovery, resulting in inconsistent case law across different courts in India and the world. Consequently, healthcare practitioners are left to develop ad hoc solutions through informal discussions and negotiations. Thus, this paper highlights the necessity for a comprehensive legal framework and active judicial management to handle electronic discovery in the medical domain.
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Kolsky, Elizabeth. "The Rule of Colonial Indifference: Rape on Trial in Early Colonial India, 1805–57." Journal of Asian Studies 69, no. 4 (November 2010): 1093–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911810002937.
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This article explores the history of intraracial (Indian-on-Indian) rape in early colonial India. Though at times uneven and unpredictable in their rulings, British judges created a set of evidentiary requirements and a body of legal decisions that were as harsh on rape victims as the precolonial Islamic system was presumed to be. Despite the colonial promise of a more modern and humane criminal law, the gradual displacement of Islamic law did little to widen rape victims' path to legal remedy. English common law presumptions about the frequency of false charges and a suspicion of women's claims combined with a colonial insistence on the peculiarity of Indian culture to make it difficult for victims of rape to prevail in court. The colonial legal treatment of the “unsensational” crime of rape was rather unsensational. It largely reflected contemporary trends in England, which raises the important question of what was distinctively colonial about it.
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Ayan J. Shaikh. "Chat Kanoon: A Novel Approach to Legal Assistance in India." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 3 (April 30, 2024): 763–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.3000.
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This paper presents ChatKanoon, an innovative multilingual AI chatbot tailored for the Indian legal system. Utilising advanced language models like GPT-4 and Llama2 70B, ChatKanoon employs instructional techniques rather than traditional model fine-tuning, to provide contextually relevant legal advice. This approach addresses critical challenges in India's legal sector, including limited access to legal information, high service costs, and the scarcity of specialised guidance. ChatKanoon's development involved using a diverse array of legal documents and case laws, which enabled the chatbot to deliver precise and reliable legal information. The paper describes the application of instructional techniques in guiding language models, the process of dataset utilisation, and the development of an intuitive chatbot interface. ChatKanoon is positioned as a tool to democratise legal information, making it more accessible and affordable, thereby enhancing the efficiency of legal procedures in India. The paper concludes by discussing the current limitations and future potential of ChatKanoon, along with the broader impact of AI-driven legal assistance tools in developing countries. ChatKanoon exemplifies the transformative role of AI in the legal domain, with the potential to revolutionise legal aid in India and beyond.
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Shah, Prakash. "Transnational Hindu law adoptions: recognition and treatment in Britain." International Journal of Law in Context 5, no. 2 (June 2009): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552309990036.
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This article examines how the adoption of children under Hindu law in India is regarded by British private international law and immigration law. Through an analysis of case-law, it focuses particularly on how British judges regard the legitimacy of exclusion by the British immigration control system of children who have been adopted under a ‘foreign’ legal system which essentially permits private adoption arrangements. Examining the background to the regime of Indian Hindu law adoptions (which applies to Sikhs as well as Hindus), and the private international law and immigration rules which apply to such adoptees in the UK, the article finds some evidence in the judicial decisions of a more activist, human-rights-based, plurality-conscious position being taken. However, tracking the case-law further, the article concludes that such activism has not been followed through in more recent decisions leaving the conflictual position between transnational adopters and British legal systems largely unresolved.
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Sheikh, Sajid. "Exploring the Possibility of Utility Model Protection in India." Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 5, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2022.v05i02.003.
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The basic rationalization behind Utility Models is that patents are not suited in circumstances where the innovation is mostly based on craftsmanship performed in response to a real but limited need. Over the past few years, the intellectual property regime in India has been able to reinforce and strengthen its roots in the structure of the legal system despite numerous challenges and limitations. But the main question is whether the Indian industry has been able to truly exploit the law of IPR for their growth or not? Going by the record it seems that only big national and Multi-National Corporations have succeeded in extracting the benefits of India’s IPR reign because patent laws of India require a high threshold level of inventiveness which is accompanied with the cumbersome and highly technical application process, which is a quite a costly affair for small industries. In the present legal framework of India, the innovators of frugal or small inventions are unable to patent their inventions under the existing legal regime. The crisis has enlarged due to higher level of inventiveness. The utility model protection system developed to provide an alternate and auxiliary system to protect the inventions having a modulating level of inventiveness. Therefore, this paper intends to present the foundations of a legal framework which can strike a balance between the strong Patent system and a flexible utility model system which has a potential to boost innovation in India. The author in this paper looks into the possibility of legislating a separate law for the protection of utility models to promote economic and technological development.
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Fedonnikov, A. S., and N. I. Makhonko. "Medical and legal features of the functioning of the healthcare system of the Republic of India." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 6 (September 26, 2023): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2023.106.6.142-150.
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The article discusses the features of the healthcare system in India. Medical care is based on a number of regulatory legal acts that have defined the federal structure of the healthcare system and the rules of financing. National laws define the principles of healthcare organization in order to provide timely quality medical care to the entire population of the State. The peculiarities of Indian healthcare is the fact that society is divided on many grounds, that is, into religion, castes, races, skin color and political parties. These features lead to health inequalities. The Constitution of India establishes that human rights relating to life, freedom, equality and dignity of the individual are guaranteed by the Constitution itself, International Covenants and are subject to enforcement by the courts of India. These provisions triggered the creation of new executive bodies in the field of health: the National Human Rights Commission, as well as Human Rights Commissions in all states and courts. According to international experts, India’s medical innovation activity is rated as one of the most progressive forms (creativity and efficiency) in global healthcare. Such a result is not accidental, since India’s role in global health is based on an adequate domestic national medical policy.
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Ali, Haider, and Santosh Kumar Tiwari. "Overview of Legal and Policy Measures of Carbon Trading and Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) In India." Current World Environment 16, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.16.1.26.
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It is scientifically well proven facts that carbon dioxide is the main cause of greenhouse gas emission by burning of fossils fuels. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) empower the parties to curb greenhouse gas emissions from the diverse industries by elaborating the mechanisms of Clean Development Mechanism Joint Implementation, and Emission Trading. This has created an international market for carbon trading. The paper addresses the global and Indian’s national carbon trading system, starting with the UNFCCC, and Kyoto Protocol comprising carbon credit components. The paper also tries to examine the obligation of India under the Kyoto protocol and later discuss the legal and policy framework implemented by India to encourage CDM and carbon trading in India. It traces different policy measures like National Action Plan and State Action Plans on Climate Change, National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE), Climate Change Action Program, 2010, Perform Achieve and Trade (PAT), Renewable Energy Credit Trading System (REC), PILOT ETS in some Indian provinces, the significant arrangements of Energy Conservation Act, 2001 and The Environmental Protection Act, 1986, Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 are likewise examined. This paper further discusses the positives and negative aspect of this scheme and also its review, criticisms and problems. It ends by providing an Indian perspective to this scheme. Study of this paper would be especially beneficial for the governments, stakeholders and research scholars to know the whole legal and policy mechanism of carbon trading.
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Sharma, Suhail. "Juvenile Justice System, Reforms and Policing System in India: Origin, Dialectics, Comparisons, and Way Forward." International Annals of Criminology 59, no. 2 (November 2021): 179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cri.2021.17.
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AbstractThis article studies the juvenile justice system in juxtaposition to policing in India. To start with, it conducts a comprehensive data analysis of juvenile crimes in India in the last two decades. The author conducted a study involving 400 juveniles in conflict with the law through “Disha,” a project in juvenile re-entry systems. It further marshals the incidences based on social parameters like education, age, and family. Here, the paper impresses upon the “heinousness factor” of the crimes to evaluate the law and institutional response. The article examines the growth of the legal framework on juvenile justice in India and the causal determinants which may have driven its increase. It also scrutinizes the policing systems as far as the legal framework on juvenile justice makes them responsible. It delves deeply into the interactions between juvenile justice and police systems at the institutional and procedural levels. It conducts a detailed inquiry into the international legal framework of juvenile justice systems. Here, it studies such systems in the Americas, Europe, and Asia to suggest the way forward for a transparent, robust and sensitive juvenile justice system in India.
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Смирнова, О. В. "FEATURES OF STATE REGULATION OF TRADE ACTIVITIES IN INDIA." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Экономика и управление, no. 1(61) (March 28, 2023): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/2219-1453/2023.1.173-183.
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Цель статьи – исследовать инструменты государственного регулирования торговой деятельности в современной Индии. Особенностью институциональной структуры регулирования торговли в Индии является значительная роль неправительственных и некоммерческих организаций, а также наличие специальных государственных агентств индийского правительства, осуществляющих содействие в выращивании, обработке и реализации ключевых для индийской экономики плантационных культур, таких как чай, сахар, табак, каучук и др. В статье рассмотрена система правовых актов, регламентирующих торговую деятельность в Индии, а также особенности регулирования цен на основные (жизненно-необходимые) товары. Научная новизна заключается в систематизации институтов и экономико-правовых инструментов государственного регулирования торговли в Индии. The purpose of the article is to explore the instruments of state regulation of trading activities in modern India. A feature of the institutional structure of trade regulation in India is the significant role of non-governmental and nonprofit organizations, as well as the presence of special state agencies of the Indian government that assist in the cultivation, processing and sale of key plantation crops for the Indian economy, such as tea, sugar, tobacco, rubber, etc. The system of legal acts regulating trade activities in India, as well as the peculiarities of regulating prices for basic (vital) goods are considered. Scientific novelty lies in the systematization of institutions and economic and legal instruments of state regulation of trade in India.
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Sachdeva, M. P., V. K. Arora, and V. Bhalla. "6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase Typing from Dried Bloodstains—Under Indian Conditions." Medicine, Science and the Law 29, no. 4 (October 1989): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580248902900415.
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As yet, there is no report available on the stability studies of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase enzyme in India. 469 bloodstains prepared in the laboratory using a variety of substrates commonly encountered in case examination have been analysed by starch gel electrophoresis. The utility of this parameter under various climatic conditions prevalent in India has also been evaluated. Except in the cases of relatively fresh samples of blood, the PGD isoenzyme system seems not to be very suitable in Indian conditions.
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Singh, Vinai Kumar. "INTERNATIONAL TREATIES AND THE INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM: NEW WAYS AHEAD." Italian Yearbook of International Law Online 26, no. 1 (October 11, 2017): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116133-90000158a.
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This article analyses the provisions of the Indian Constitution and federal laws, which give mandate to the Parliament and the Executive to enter into and give effect to international treaties. It will be underlined, in particular, that Indian practice is characterised by a certain ambiguity, which is ultimately caused by a lack of coordination between the Indian Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. The paper argues for a coherent and aligned approach amongst the various branches of government in relation to international law, and in particular treaty law. To this end, it will conclude by analysing the measures recently suggested by the Parliamentary Standing Committee Report, which would rectify the legal inconsistencies in Indian law related to the treatment of International Treaties.
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Atamanenko, Yuliia Y., Olga M. Merdova, Yurii I. Martsenyshyn, Oleksii P. Tsurkan, and Stanislav O. Chebotar. "Legal analysis of implementation of the traffic accident monitoring system." Revista de la Universidad del Zulia 13, no. 36 (December 30, 2021): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.36.22.
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Purpose. The study aims to establish positive changes after the introduction of traffic accident monitoring systems implemented by government agencies in China, India, Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, Finland, Beijing and Sweden. Methods. The research was carried out in stages, based on the logical presentation of the material. The following methods were implemented in the study: direct observation, comparison and analysis of the content and the form of advanced traffic accident monitoring systems. Results. The study of international best practices and experiments about the implementation of various options for traffic accident monitoring systems gave preference to an intelligent system. A study conducted in the United States, India and Portugal shows the effectiveness of different approaches to use mobile applications on smartphones to transmit reliable information to the traffic accident registration system. Accident data collection should be standardized and structured, and police officers should benefit from the statistical reports they complete for each traffic accident.