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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Indial Legal System

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Academic literature on the topic 'Indial Legal System'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Indial Legal System"

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Srikrishna, B. N. "The Indian Legal System." International Journal of Legal Information 36, no. 2 (2008): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500003024.

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The legal system in India follows the common law model prevalent in the countries which were at one time under British Rule or were part of the British Commonwealth. The jurisprudence followed in India is almost the same as the one prevalent in England, though it has been cross-fertilized by typical Indian values.

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Narayan, Uma. "Basic Indian Legal Literature for Foreign Legal Professionals**." International Journal of Legal Information 37, no. 3 (2009): 333–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500005382.

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Among Asian Nations, India has become a major political, cultural and business hub. This situation has contributed to frequent interaction of foreign governments, foreign nationals and businesspersons with India and Indians. In order to make them aware of the Indian Legal System and Literatures - so that they act within scope of the system – I present here a brief article giving an introduction to Indian legal literature and legal sources.Two earlier resources for Indian legal materials include:1. A Bibliography of Indian Law, edited by Charles Henry Alexandrowicz, (Oxford University Press, 1958), and2. Indian Legal Materials: A Bibliographic Guide, by H.C. Jain, (N.M. Tripathi, Bombay, 1970).

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Dr. Ravi Kumar Tyagi and Mr. Rajender kumar. "Review Of Judicial System In Ancient India." Legal Research Development 3, no. I (September 30, 2018): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v3n1.02.

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India has the highest law in the world. There is no other form of judgment with an individual or higher. But before describing the judiciary system in ancient India I have to give a warning. The learner should reject the major allegations of the Jurisprudence of India as well as the Indian law enforcement system by some British writers. I will make a few examples. Henry Maine described the ancient Indian legal system as "a tool for evil". The Anglo-Indian lawyer called this “Indian life” practices before Britain came back to India: “It (British rule in India) is a survey of foreign directors to oversee foreign sectors, to align Europe's Oriental cultural practices, and to formulate specific laws. The highest among the ruthless nations associated with the government for empty authorities1. ”Alan Gledhill, a retired member of the Indian Civil Service, wrote that when Britain took power in India," there was a breakdown of legal laws.

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Raj, Arjita, Sahel MD Delabul Hossain, and Arpita Raj. "Legal Pluralism: A Case Study on Autonomous Socio-Political and Judicial System in Santal Society." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 10551–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.10551ecst.

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The aim of this study is to determine how legal pluralism exists in Santal society and how their self-governing socio-political and judicial system, eminently known as Manjhi-Pargana or Marehor, exercises power over the society exclusively with the coexistence of the national legal system. Legal pluralism is the coexistence of two or multiple legal systems within a specific area. The Santal, one of the largest indigenous tribes of Eastern India, often mentions themselves as HorHopan meaning children of mankind. The Montage-Chelmsford report of 1918 remarked them as backward areas. Around 1935, Santals are recognized as backward tribes in India and are scheduled as tribes. In post-independent era under the Fifth and Sixth schedule of the Constitution, they have been described as people of ‘scheduled areas.’ The Indian Constitution has tried to build up the bridge between the Indian administrative system and the Santal society and has allowed them to enjoy the legal pluralism system.

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HEGDE, V. G. "Indian Courts and International Law." Leiden Journal of International Law 23, no. 1 (February 2, 2010): 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156509990331.

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AbstractThe approach of Indian courts towards international law has been consistently evolving. Initially, the Indian constitutional framework provided a flexible basis for the application and use of international law, the reasons for which could be seen in the socio-political context of India as a developing country. India, for its part, continued to argue that it remained essentially at the periphery of the mainstream international law, as it had no role in formulating some of the basic principles of international law. For the Indian courts the first substantive encounter with international law emerges in the context of several territorial-related issues. The socio-political context forms the next phase, for the Indian courts to have recourse to diverse international legal norms relating to the environment and human rights and applying them as a persuasive tool. Later, the development context brings a complex array of commercial, environmental, and other related international legal norms into the Indian legal system. For Indian courts, in the present context, the correct sourcing and identification of international legal norms and their application remain a huge challenge. The majority of the legal systems of developing countries for varied historical reasons continue to treat international law as an exotic legal tool to be used sparingly, perhaps only to broaden the interpretation of or sustain a comparable domestic legal norm.

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Prasad Roy, Arka. "NAVIGATING THE LEGAL VOID: DIGITAL ESTATE PLANNING IN INDIAS DEVELOPING LEGAL SYSTEM." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 03 (March 31, 2023): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/16455.

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With the proliferation of digital technology and the increasing use of the internet, digital assets have become an integral part of our lives. In todays world, it is common to have a digital presence in the form of online accounts, email, social media, and cloud storage. These digital assets, along with traditional assets, need to be protected and managed in the event of death or incapacity. This is where digital estate planning comes into play.This research paper aims to explore the importance of digital estate planning and the laws surrounding it in India. The paper begins by defining digital estate planning and identifying the types of digital assets that need to be protected. It then discusses the potential consequences of failing to plan for digital assets and the importance of having a digital estate plan in place.The paper then examines the laws in India that govern digital estate planning. It finds that while there is no specific legislation on digital estate planning, existing laws such as the Information Technology Act and the Indian Contract Act, provide some guidance on the management and distribution of digital assets.The paper also discusses the challenges associated with digital estate planning in India, including the lack of awareness about the importance of digital estate planning, the absence of a centralized registry for digital assets, and the difficulty in accessing and managing online accounts after the owners death.Finally, the paper concludes that while the laws in India are evolving to address digital estate planning, there is still a long way to go. It recommends that individuals take proactive steps to manage their digital assets and seek professional help to create a digital estate plan that addresses their specific needs.In conclusion, digital estate planning is a critical aspect of modern-day estate planning. This research paper highlights the importance of having a digital estate plan in place and identifies the laws in India that govern digital estate planning. It also highlights the challenges associated with digital estate planning in India and provides recommendations for individuals to protect their digital assets. As technology continues to evolve, it is essential to stay informed and take the necessary steps to manage our digital lives effectively.

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CHERESHNEVA, Larisa Aleksandrovna. "CONSTITUTIONS OF JAWAHARLAL NEHRU AND LIAQUAT ALI KHAN: CORRELATION OF POLITICAL STRATEGY AND STATE AND LEGAL REALIA OF INDEPENDENT INDIA AND PAKISTAN (1947–1956)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 174 (2018): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2018-23-174-210-216.

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India and Pakistan, which emerged on the political map of the world 70 years ago, with the end of two hundred years of colonial rule of Britain, appeared to be the first states in the South Asia that demonstrated the uniqueness of the algorithms of the sovereignty of the liberated countries of the East. To what extent was it possible to combine tradition and modernization in their state-building? Return to the Eastern despotism, monarchical princely forms of governing or the creation of republics? What was the role in the States of free Hindustan to be supposed for their religion, religious institutions? Could the system of separation of powers correspond to the traditional ideas of many Indian and Pakistani peoples about power? We describe the characteristics of the program models of the state system, developed by the leading political forces of Colonial India – the All-Indian National Congress and the Muslim League for the future independent Hindustan, and their correlation with the real state and legal foundations of the Indian Union and Pakistan, formed in 1947–1956. It is noted that the League had only a general idea of the state formation and nation-building of Pakistan, which could not but affect the specifics of the Muslim project “Two Nations-two Indias” and subsequently led Pakistan to slide to the military dictatorships. The interrelation of the development of democratic legislation with the ideas of social justice, equality of national and ethno-religious minorities and the title majority is shown, the emphasis is placed on the risks of violation of the historical multiculturalism of the Indian civilization. We have involved the Indian, Pakistani and British documentaries on state-legal, historical and political issues, archival materials of the National Archives of India.

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KHORAKIWALA, Rahela. "Legal Consciousness as Viewed through the Judicial Iconography of the Madras High Court." Asian Journal of Law and Society 5, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/als.2017.33.

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AbstractThe Madras High Court located in Chennai, India, was established in 1862 when India was under colonial rule. It continues to exist in post-independence India after merging into the Indian legal system. In this study, I argue that the architecture and judicial iconography of the Madras High Court building reflects a recurring historical tension between Indian and British concepts of justice. This is continually reflected in the semiotics of the legal space of this high court which in turn influences the legal consciousness of the court personnel who utilize this space. This architecture and iconography of the Madras High Court constitutes, preserves, and reinforces the ambivalent legal consciousness of those who created, occupy, and visit this space. The contemporary legal consciousness of the court personnel is thus seen to have deep historical roots.

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Agarwal, Dr Mala. "LEGAL REGULATION OF TRADE IN MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE INDIAN ECONOMIC SYSTEM." LAW. SAFETY. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS 2023, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.61260/2074-1626-2023-3-55-60.

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Issues of legal and trade regulation of the market of medicinal plants are relevant in the modern economy of India. The increasing demand of medicinal plants in the world is causing an adverse impact on Indian medicinal plant resource. There is an urgent need to organize medicinal plant trade sector by sustainable use of wild population of plants, increased cultivation of medicinal plants and moving to export from unprocessed raw material to finished drugs suitable for international standards. Besides this conservation of Indian medicinal plant wealth is utterly necessary to favour the international trade.

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Pandey, Saket Dev. "India’s Legal System has Failed to Learn From Institutional Memory." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 921–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd17000.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Indial Legal System"

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Chakrabarty, Shambhu Prasad. "Protection and civil and economic rights of tribal people under the indian legal system with special reference to the situation of tribals in west bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2765.

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Masná, Tereza. "Právní systémy Číny, Japonska a Indie a jejich obchodně-právní aspekty." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11312.

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The topic of this work is aimed at description of the legal systems of China, Japan and India. It focuses in detail on description of chosen aspects of contemporary commercial law in those three countries. A method of historical and regional comparison is used. The main aim of this work is to give summarized study about the given issues and highlight similarities and differences among legal systems of China, Japan and India.

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Ahuja, Monika Sangeeta. "Public interest litigation in India : a socio-legal study." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1417/.

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Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India began in the late 1970s. For the first time the rights of prisoners, bonded labourers, other neglected peoples and issues were considered in the judicial forum. Using their inherent powers under Articles 32 and 226 of the Constitution, a few judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts made access to justice easier. Anyone acting in the public interest was permitted to file a petition on behalf of those unable to do so themselves, or for issues of grave public importance. Lawyers, social activists, concerned individuals and even judges approached the courts. Aside from locus standi, other procedural norms were relaxed, including the need to file a proper petition. Once admitted, attempts were made to resolve litigations using a conciliatory form of justice. Offending state authorities were encouraged to co-operate with the Court, which in turn took on the role of fact-finder, when appropriate, and appointed commissions of enquiry. Most of the reported and many unreported PIL cases, filed from its inception until April 1994, have been examined. Interviews with petitioners and lawyers have revealed much about PIL, and have resulted in the discussion of many unreported cases. Interviews of Supreme Court Judges, administrative officials in the courts and analysts of Indian law have enabled the study to extend to all aspects of the legal process as it relates to PIL. This new form of litigation in the courtroom thus provides a focal point for the study of the Indian legal system. The perception that inequities could be resolved through the legislative or administrative processes had given way to a belief that recourse to legal action was the only mechanism through which rights could be upheld. Thus, the initial agenda was to introduce the social justice considerations of poverty and inequality into the court, whilst making legal institutions more accessible. The hundreds of documented PIL cases reflect a huge range of issues and concerns. While many do fulfil the initial mandate, PIL has often been used as another available legal tool that facilitates access to the courts and increases the public profile of the petitioner. For many of those who have used PIL in an effort to counter serious violations of rights, the inherent limitations of legal action and the poor implementation of favourable Court orders have rendered PIL a meaningless exercise. For some, PIL has provided necessary short term redress or has focused attention on issues never before discussed in a national forum. Whatever the outcome, PIL has necessitated the recognition that every Indian citizen should have access to justice.

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Kundu, Indrani. "Paradigm shifts in jurisprudential thoughts in Indian legal system: study of A.K. Gopalan to Maneka Gandhis case and beyond." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4233.

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Roy, (Maitra) Sangeeta. "Protection of human rights of the persons with disability under the Indian legal system, with special reference to the conditions in North Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1352.

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Abbasi, Muhammad Zubair. "Sharī‘a under the English legal system in British India : Awqāf (endowments) in the making of Anglo-Muhammadan law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c8588db9-b6a2-411b-98b2-35ba9a7a7011.

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This study analyses the treatment of Islamic law (Fiqh) under the English legal system by looking into the developments in waqf law in British India. It has the dual objective of analysing the impact of the English legal system upon Islamic law, and determining the role of various actors in this process. It argues that waqf law was transformed in order to fit into the state structure. The colonial state used the techniques of translation, adjudication, legislation and teaching in order to transform Islamic law. Adjudication was preferred over legislative codification as a mode of governance and rule making because of its flexibility. The translation of classical Islamic legal texts, the Hidāya and certain parts of the Fatāwā al-‘Ālamgīriyya, relieved English judges of the need for a reliance on local legal advisors. However, Muslim lawyers, judges, legal commentators, and some religious scholars (‘ulamā’) simultaneously collaborated and negotiated with, and resisted colonial administrators in the process of legal transformation. As adjudication was a preferred mode of transformation, legal commentaries played a crucial role in legal developments. A majority of legal commentators were Muslims, such as Ameer Ali, Abdur Rahim and Faiz Tyabji. They used their legal treatises to resist any colonial intervention in Islamic law. Although English educated Muslims replaced ‘ulamā’ as cultural intermediaries between the state and society, this did not eliminate the role of ‘ulamā’ as the custodians of Islamic law. They established closer links with society and issued fatāwā (legal opinions) on legal issues. Fatāwā were sought regarding every important aspect of waqf law, from the validity of family awqāf to the management of awqāf and the permissibility of awqāf of movables such as shares of companies. ‘Ulamā’ also lobbied for the enforcement of Islamic law in order to promote women’s rights of inheritance and to get a divorce. This study finds that Anglo-Muhammadan law was a product of interaction between various sections of Muslim society and colonial administrators. It reflected the socio-political context of colonial India and the process of negotiations between divergent interest holders. Despite replacing the traditional institutional structure, the overall legal system became more inclusive. It could interact with various stakeholders and represent them in the process of law making in order to respond to social change.

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Saxena, Aditi. "Violence Against Women In India: A Closer Look At the Social and Legal System Interactions, Problems, and Solutions." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41986.

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Violence against women (VAW) in India reflects encouraged patriarchal notions, societal despotism, and cultural subjugations. The Indian government is continuously striving to bring legal reforms that can deter perpetrators from inflicting violence on women. However, these changes are occurring only on the surface when in fact the issues are deep-seated. Therefore, this thesis addresses two main research questions: 1) What factors contribute to the increase in cases of VAW in India and how the legal system addresses these factors, and 2) What policies and schemes are employed to empower women and provide support services to women victims of violence, and what are the effects of these policies/schemes. To explore each of these questions, the thesis was divided into two parts. In part 1, a legal case analysis strategy was adopted to qualitatively analyze 26 High Court cases from Uttar Pradesh, India. Seven major themes emerged from the thematic analysis of these cases that highlight the reasons for the perpetration of violence, victim-blaming, barriers to report the crime, and legal systemic barriers. In part 2, a policy analysis framework was applied to review and analyze six major schemes and policies focused on VAW. All the schemes and policies were assessed, compared, and prioritized against different criteria which were constructed based on the research findings from part 1. Major results of this study suggest that the schemes and policies focused on VAW are structurally flawed and lack proper monitoring. In conclusion, efforts must be made to deter the act of perpetrating violence on women by implementing suitable community and family interventions, recognizing and eliminating factors that lead to revictimization, providing detailed guidelines to enhance services through local schemes and policies, and acknowledging patterns of patriarchal and cultural norms surrounding VAW.

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Chatterjee, Sangeeta. "Right to privacy and its current trends: a comparative study under the legal systems of U.S.A, U.K. and India." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2017. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2641.

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Hwang, Karina T. "The Procedural Aspect of the Rule of Law: India as a Case Study for Distinguishing Concept from Conception." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1171.

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In this thesis, the concept of the procedural aspect of the Rule of Law will be distinguished from what I argue are conceptions that are falsely promulgated as concept. The different aspects of the Rule of Law—form, substance, and procedure— are helpful in making the distinction between concept and conception. Examining procedure within the Rule of Law is particularly important, and I define a broader set of requirements of the concept of the procedural aspect of the Rule of Law. This concept is applied to understand the Indian conception of the Rule of Law, a particularly interesting case that brings out questions about culture and economic capacity. Ultimately, I argue that this broader set of requirements is better suited to evaluate the realization of the Rule of Law in all contexts.

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Das, Chandrani. "Economic and social rights of internally displaced women and children under Indian legal system: a study with special reference to the situation in North Bengal region." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2015. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/1825.

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Books on the topic "Indial Legal System"

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Joseph, Minattur, and Indian Law Institute, eds. Indian legal system. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Indian Law Institute, 2006.

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Bhansali, Sanwat Raj. Legal system in India. Jaipur, India: University Book House, 1992.

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Lakshminath, A. Precedent in the Indian legal system. Lucknow [India]: Eastern Book Co., 1990.

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Gandhi, J. S. Sociology of legal profession, law, and legal system: The Indian setting. Delhi: Gian Pub. House, 1987.

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Legal aid to the poor: The law and Indian legal system. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1993.

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S, Sangal P., Singh Kishore, University of Delhi. Faculty of Law., National Institute of Science, Technology, and Development Studies (India), and National Seminar on "Indian Patent System and the Paris Convention: Legal Perspectives" (1986 : Faculty of Law, Delhi University), eds. Indian patent system and Paris Convention: Legal perspectives. Delhi, India: Faculty of Law, University of Delhi, 1987.

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Annoussamy, David. The French legal system and its Indian connections. Bangalore: Institute of Comparative Law and Jurisprudence, National Law School of India University, 1995.

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Hodgson, Maggie. Restructuring the legal system. Edmonton: Nechi Institute on Alcohol and Drug Education, 1991.

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India's legal system: Can it be saved? New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2006.

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Dr, Benjamin Joseph, and St. Francis de Sales' College (Nāgpur, India). Dept. of Political Science., eds. Minorities in Indian social system. New Delhi: Gyan Pub. House, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Indial Legal System"

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Narayanan, Santhi, Monica Agarwal, and Swati Bansal. "Artificial Intelligence Inroads into the Indian Judicial System." In Legal Analytics, 35–46. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003215998-4.

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Mann, Jeet Singh. "Legal Aid Counsels." In Comparative Legal Aid Systems and India, 210–50. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003158325-7.

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Shanthakumar, S., and S. Dhanya. "Socio-legal Analysis of the Impact of Food Insecurity and Hunger on the Right to Health of Urban Poor Living in the State of Gujarat." In India Studies in Business and Economics, 289–316. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4413-2_11.

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AbstractDespite the socio-economic development, food insecurity and malnutrition are two evils found unexpectedly high around the globe hampering one of the most important human rights, the right to health. The conditions of health of people living in poverty are disproportionately worse than others. India’s obligation to ensure food security and health for all has its roots in International Law. Similarly, the country is also bound to provide these rights under the Constitution of India and the other national legal frameworks. However, India’s position in the recent Food Security Index, as well as Health Index, highlights the inadequacies in the nation’s obligation to guarantee the availability and accessibility of quality food to ensure physical well-being to all. This socio-legal research analysed the status of food insecurity in the State of Gujarat and its impact on urban poor living in the state. The study also has analysed the journey of ‘right to food’ as a fundamental human right under the Indian Legal system and the efficacy and success ratio of the Government initiatives with reference to Sustainable Development Goals. The study found that there is a huge gap in the system as the government schemes lack accessibility and as a result, the majority of the surveyed population are out of ration and also are not utilizing other government schemes for their benefits, hence leading a miserable life.

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Gupta, Anil Kumar. "Disaster Governance and Legal Systems in India." In Disaster Risk Reduction, 39–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3310-0_3.

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Mann, Jeet Singh. "Legal Aid Practices Across the Globe." In Comparative Legal Aid Systems and India, 24–63. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003158325-2.

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Mann, Jeet Singh. "Regulators of the Legal Aid Services." In Comparative Legal Aid Systems and India, 117–77. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003158325-5.

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Mann, Jeet Singh. "Judges' and Judicial Officers' Perspective on Legal Aid." In Comparative Legal Aid Systems and India, 178–209. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003158325-6.

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Mann, Jeet Singh. "The State of Access to Justice for Legal Aid Beneficiaries." In Comparative Legal Aid Systems and India, 64–99. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003158325-3.

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Mann, Jeet Singh. "Women in Legal Aid and Access to Justice." In Comparative Legal Aid Systems and India, 100–116. London: Routledge India, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003158325-4.

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Singh, Rohit Kumar, Ashutosh Agarwal, D. K. Dwivedi, and Sanjay Yadav. "Ethical Claims and Enforcement in Legal Metrology in India." In Handbook of Quality System, Accreditation and Conformity Assessment, 1–23. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4637-2_51-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Indial Legal System"

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Koshelev, Anton, and Ekaterina Rusakova. "ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS IN INDIA." In NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b2/v3/10.

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A significant leap in the development of information technology over the past twenty years has made the global legal community respond to new challenges that have come along with the progress in the digital environment. Together with the convenience of using electronic resources, society has developed a need for a simple and understandable legislative regulation of legal relations arising from the use of computer information technologies and various products of electronic digital activity in order to protect their interests potentially. The concept and types of electronic evidence in civil proceedings in different countries have different meanings. Meanwhile, the regulations of their procedural admissibility and applicability differ. The common thing is the tendency towards an increase in the use of electronic information carriers in court proceedings, increasing importance for establishing specific facts, and the decisive evidentiary role in making decisions by the court. India became one of the first countries to realize the growing level of implementation of Internet technologies, electronic digital storage media, and computer dominance in society and the state's daily life [1] (Artemyeva, Y.A. et al.). The consequence of this understanding was the timely development and implementation of the substantive and procedural bases in evidence law for practical, understandable, and convenient use of electronic evidence in civil proceedings. The article examines the types and procedural status of electronic evidence and analyzes the current legislation and law enforcement practice in the admissibility and application of electronic evidence in civil proceedings in India. The study identifies the existing system of electronic evidence in the legal field of India, the determination of the advantages and disadvantages in the gathering, presentation, research, and evaluation of electronic evidence by the court in civil proceedings, as well as the identification of the procedural order for their provision. The researchers have identified the following tasks to achieve the goals: • to define and research the legislation of India governing the concept, types and procedural order of applicability and admissibility of electronic evidence in civil proceedings in India; • to develop a particular procedural order for the effective use of the institution of electronic evidence in civil litigation in India; • to identify the current trends in the gathering, presentation, research, and evaluation of electronic evidence in India's courts, based on the established judicial practice study. The research methodology is based on general theoretical and scientific methods of cognition, including abstraction and specification, analysis and synthesis, modeling and comparison, and systemic, logical, and functional analyzes. The scientific novelty of the research consists of a comprehensive study of the instruments of legal regulation of the institution of electronic evidence in India's legal field, including regulatory legal acts and judicial precedents, and a consideration of the possibility of applying Indian approaches in the jurisdictions of other countries. The analysis of legislation and jurisprudence regarding electronic evidence in India's civil proceedings was carried out using the synergistic principle of object study, statistical-sequential analysis, and empirical research method. This study's results can be used in lawmaking to develop and improve regulations regarding the procedural status and use of electronic evidence in civil litigation in any country. The reference, citation, and use of this article's conclusions and materials are permissible when conducting lectures and seminars on civil procedure and private international law, research activities, law enforcement practice, and teaching.

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Trivedi, Aashka, Anya Trivedi, Sourabh Varshney, Vidhey Joshipura, Rupa Mehta, and Jenish Dhanani. "Extracted Summary Based Recommendation System for Indian Legal Documents." In 2020 11th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt49239.2020.9225290.

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3

Joshi, Kavita Ajay, Priya Mathur, Ravindra Koranga, and Lalit Singh. "Addressing Delayed Justice in the Indian Legal System through AI Integration." In ICIMMI 2023: International Conference on Information Management & Machine Intelligence. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3647444.3652437.

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4

Shagaev, Viktor, and Lyudmila Alyaeva. "MILITARY CONTINGENTS OF BRITISH INDIA IN THE LATE XIX — EARLY XX CENTURY — RECRUITMENT ISSUESH INDIA IN THE LATE XIX — EARLY XX CENTURY — RECRUITMENT ISSUES." In Development of legal systems in Russia and foreign countries: problems of theory and practices. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02090-6-0-173-181.

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The article examines the issues of composition, organization and recruitment of various military contingents, with the help of which the British colonial authorities maintained their dominance in India itself and beyond after the Sepoy uprising of the late 60s of the XIX century. The general principles and methods of recruiting these contingents, as well as the features inherent in their various types, the requirements for candidates when entering the service and the procedure for its passage are disclosed. The article also outlines the problems that existed at the same time and how they were overcome.

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Jain, Harshit, and Naveen Pundir. "Representation Learning and Similarity of Legal Judgements using Citation Networks." In 10th International Conference on Natural Language Processing (NLP 2021). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.112302.

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India and many other countries like UK, Australia, Canada follow the ‘common law system’ which gives substantial importance to prior related cases in determining the outcome of the current case. Better similarity methods can help in finding earlier similar cases, which can help lawyers searching for precedents. Prior approaches in computing similarity of legal judgements use a basic representation which is either abag-of-words or dense embedding which is learned by only using the words present in the document. They, however, either neglect or do not emphasize the vital ‘legal’ information in the judgements, e.g. citations to prior cases, act and article numbers or names etc. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to learn the embeddings of legal documents using the citationnetwork of documents. Experimental results demonstrate that the learned embedding is at par with the state-of-the-art methods for document similarity on a standard legal dataset.

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R. B, Anumol, and Anuja S. B. "Indian Paper Currency Recognition Framework for Blind and Visually Impaired People using Deep Learning Model." In The International Conference on scientific innovations in Science, Technology, and Management. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59544/siuz3611/ngcesi23p1.

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Currency recognition has always been a troublesome task for blind and visually impaired people (BVIP). Most of the current Indian legal tenders resemble in size, thus making the identification process more difficult. Automated paper currency recognition system, issues such as folded or partial views, uneven illumination, and background clutter make it non-trivial and challenging. This Paper proposes deep learning model for assisting BVIP in recognizing the Indian paper currency denomination. This Paper exploits the latent embeddings of variational auto encoders combined with IPCRNet. Two encoders are trained on currency images to generate two feature maps. The IPCRNet is based on dense connection, Multi-Dilation, and Depth-wise separable convolution layers. Contextual Block (CB) in the backend utilizing the dense connection and dilation scheme in depth-wise separable convolutional layers .The novel contextual part utilizes a depthwise separable convolution for reducing network computations .The multi-dilation scheme offers an enlarged receptive field without increasing the parameters.

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Samuel, Liji. "TRANSFORMING THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: THE PUBLIC-PRIVATE HEALTHCARE DICHOTOMY IN INDIA IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL HEALTH." In International Conference on Public Health. The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/24246735.2020.6103.

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Digital health initiatives have become popular in all jurisdictions across the globe. The digital health move, though it is envisioned as a cost-effective way to ensure the availability of health care services especially for the people who live in rural areas, its success depends on the response of the health care system and the state control and regulation. India lacks a comprehensive statesponsored or state-regulated health care system and more than 70 percent of people utilise the private sector medical services. In this backdrop, the implementation of the National Digital Health Mission (NDHM), announced by the Government of India very recently, will be critical. Thus, this research paper strives to bring out the public-private disjunction in the availability and utilisation of public and private health care facilities, issues of health care financing and legal regulation of clinical establishments in the public and private sector. This study uses the doctrinal method and analyses the Five-Year Plans, National Sample Survey Reports, National Health Profile, National Health Accounts Estimates for India and other Government Reports and independent studies to detail the public-private dichotomy. However, this study finds limitations in presenting the current position of private health care service providers due to the unavailability of updated authoritative government reports/ studies/ surveys. On reviewing the currents trends in the public and private health care sector, the study finds that the private sector has surpassed the public sector in all means, including health provisioning, utilisation, and financing. The NDHM is a laudable initiative to ensure affordable health care to millions of people in India. However, any move to implement it, leaving the fundamental issue of deep-rooted public-private dichotomy existing in the healthcare sector will be detrimental. It will result in a digital divide in the public and private healthcare sector and gross violation of patients’ rights and mismanagement of health information. Keywords: digital health, National Digital Health Mission, private healthcare sector, utilisation of healthcare service

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Vediappan, Sudhagar, Manoj Mandla, Santhosh Kumar Ragunathan, Uday Kumar, Tim O'Connell, Matthew Harris, Alexander Green, et al. "24SIAT-0899: After-Treatment Improvement in Mahindra BS VI Stage-1 to Stage-2." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0148.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Effective 1<sup>st</sup> April 2023, India's automotive emissions regulation has shifted from BS-VI Stage-1 to BS-VI Stage-2 standard the after-treatment systems need to demonstrate robust performance not just on the cycle, but also to demonstrate emissions for on-road Real Driving Emission (RDE) conditions. A stringent On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) strategy to monitor the real-time emission levels along with compliance Road Driving Emissions (RDEs) are focus areas for BS VI Stage-2 emission legislation. The maximum speed on MIDC is 90km/h in BS-VI Stage-1, Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)+Selective Catalyst Reduction Filter (SCRF<sup>®</sup>) was able to meet legislation at the lab, and now with the RDE cycle max speed of the vehicles under the M1 category <3.5 T will have the max permitted legal limit shall surpass 100 km/h for not around 3% of the span in the third phase of driving cycle for which max speed is up to 120 km/h. The monitoring window intended for BS-VI Stage-2 with higher operating temperatures and higher space velocity plays a major role and adds a challenge to tackling the emission on the road. In this article, Mahindra and JM/Johnson Matthey will share the strategy of EATS hardware configuration to add the underfloor (uf) Selective Catalyst Reduction Filter (SCR) in addition to SCRF<sup>®</sup> to ensure the Conformity Factor (CF) in OBD2 in RDE cycle architecture would be DOC+SCRF<sup>®</sup>+SCR and the results of work which developed RDE-compliant diesel engines and after-treatment robust solutions to meet the emissions requirement of BS VI Stage-2.</div></div>

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Reports on the topic "Indial Legal System"

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Goswami, Amlanjyoti, Sudeshna Mitra, Deepika Jha, Kaye Lushington, and Sahil Sasidharan. Land Records Modernisation in India: An Institutional, Legal & Policy Review. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195489305.

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This work provides an institutional, legal and policy review of crucial aspects of land records modernisation systems at the national level. Introducing property records and patterns of ownership in India, it provides an overview of various central government schemes promoting land records modernisation. It discusses the systemic and legal characteristics of land records and the proposed shift to conclusive land titling system, drawing attention to issues of tenure and property rights, especially in the urban and peri-urban context. Presenting multiple case studies on ongoing modernisation initiatives in some of the study states, the volumes also looks at the roles of multiple institutional stakeholders and the interfaces between them. Operational challenges faced in this transition to technology have also been discussed, in an attempt to bring out an overall picture of crucial issues and best practices across state-level diversities. The objective is to highlight the possibility of multiple trajectories and look at ways in which states can learn from each other by sharing experiences, while simultaneously acknowledging that there are certain issues that are typical of a particular state and must be resolved via deeper engagement with the local terrain.

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Mitra, Sudeshna, Amlanjyoti Goswami, Deepika Jha, Sahil Sasidharan, Kaye Lushington, and Mukesh Yadav. Land Records Modernisation in India: Haryana. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195648511.

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This work provides an institutional, legal and policy review of crucial aspects of land records modernisation systems in Haryana. The state offers a unique window into the regional diversity of land systems in India; it underwent a large-scale land consolidation exercise in 1950s, and features rectangular land parcels of equal area, and a share-system of joint landholdings with limited spatial demarcation. Technologically, the state has an integrated system of land record management, and continues to make advances. Haryana is also one of the country’s most prolific real estate markets, attracting some of the largest private sector investment. However, the land records management system remains primarily rural, and does not yet capture the realities of an urban property landscape and the transition into a fragmented, individualised private property system.

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Kusiak, Chris, Mark D. Bowman, and Arun Prakash. Legal and Permit Loads Evaluation for Indiana Bridges. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317267.

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According to federal law, routine commercial vehicles must adhere to certain limits on their load configuration in order to operate legally on interstate highways. However, states may allow for heavier or different load configurations provided that bridges on the state and county highway system are load rated and, if necessary, posted with vehicles that appropriately represent these loads. The state of Indiana allows several classes of vehicles to operate with loads that exceed federal limits, and, presently, several LFD design loads are used to represent these exceptions as state legal loads. This study evaluates the MBE rating loads for their ability to encompass Indiana’s exception vehicles and recommends a set of state rating loads which can replace the current state legal loads and, combined with the MBE rating loads, satisfactorily encompass the load effects due to these exceptions. Comparing moment and shear envelopes on a representative set of bridges, the MBE rating vehicles were found to be insufficient for representing Indiana’s exception vehicles. Three new rating loads are proposed which encompass the exception vehicles efficiently and represent realistic legal loads. Conversely, acceptable HS-20 rating factors are also provided as an alternative to the adoption of these new vehicles. These rating factors, all 1.0 or greater, can ensure a similar level of safety by requiring a specific amount of excess capacity for the HS-20 design load.

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Jha, Deepika, Sudeshna Mitra, Amlanjyoti Goswami, Sahil Sasidharan, and Kaye Lushington. Land Records Modernisation in India: Bihar. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195648535.

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This work provides an institutional, legal and policy review of crucial aspects of land records modernisation systems in Bihar. The state’s progress with land records modernisation efforts has been historically slow but in the last few years, it has taken long strides in computerisation of land records and associated processes, and is on the way to a more accessible land information system. Bihar is a significant example to understand that in certain parts of India, issues of land and property ownership are embedded in socio-historical conditions, which can be addressed only in part by current modernisation efforts. The state is undertaking an attempt to address some of these issues through a resurvey, supported by large scale strengthening of capacity, and legislative framework. The ability of the state to address multiple claims in a judicious and timebound manner would determine, to a large extent, how successful these ongoing surveys and computerisation initiatives will be.

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Mitra, Sudeshna, Amlanjyoti Goswami, Deepika Jha, Sahil Sasidharan, Kaye Lushington, and Tsomo Wangchuk. Land Records Modernisation in India: Himachal Pradesh. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195648504.

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This work provides an institutional, legal and policy review of crucial aspects of land records modernisation systems in Himachal Pradesh. A state characterised by hilly terrain, high forest cover and low urbanisation, Himachal Pradesh provides useful lessons to understand the robustness and diversity of land record administration systems. The property regimes that have historically developed in the state include customary rights, common property resources, jointly held rights, and multiple other use and possession arrangements. There is a restriction on who can transact properties in the state, aimed at preventing alienation of land. Settlement operations are conducted every 40 years, and often take a long time to complete, but have led to relatively more up-to-date records than some other states. There are also concerns regarding the accuracy of spatial records, and data mismatches between textual and spatial components of the existing record versus the new technology led survey data if often is a cause of disputes.

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Goswami, Amlanjyoti, Deepika Jha, Sudeshna Mitra, Sahil Sasidharan, Kaye Lushington, and Mukesh Yadav. Land Records Modernisation in India: Gujarat. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195489381.

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This work provides an institutional, legal and policy review of crucial aspects of land records modernisation systems in Gujarat. Recognising the significance of land and its management for the state economy, Gujarat was among the early states to computerise its land records and processes and integrate them. In 2009, the state introduced resurveys using modern technology, which resulted in promulgation of updated records in more than sixty percent of villages, before being paused in 2018. Apart from political leadership, administrative initiatives such as documenting procedures and operational guidelines, incentivising of regular progress and reporting, and regular capacity building helped the state in making a significant progress. Gujarat is among the most urbanised and industrialised states in the country, and this volume presents case studies on the state of land and property records in urban and industrial areas, and the attempts to modernise them.

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Jonassen, Rachael, Mikael Skou Andersen, Jacqueline Cottrell, and Sandeep Bhattacharya. Carbon Pricing and Fossil Fuel Subsidy Rationalization Tool Kit. Asian Development Bank, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim230241.

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This tool kit offers a step-by-step guide for economies in Asia and the Pacific looking to design, build, and implement emission trading systems (ETS) to help speed up their transition to a greener, more inclusive future. Using case studies to illustrate best practices and lessons learned by countries including Viet Nam and India, it explains the need to design robust legal frameworks before setting up ETSs. It outlines carbon taxes, analyzes fossil fuel subsidy rationalization, and shows why securing support from stakeholders is key for countries planning to implement ETS programs to help meet their climate targets.

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Thompson, Stephen, Brigitte Rohwerder, and Clement Arockiasamy. Freedom of Religious Belief and People with Disabilities: A Case Study of People with Disabilities from Religious Minorities in Chennai, India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.003.

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India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system and entrenched gender structures. Disability is another important identity. Many of these factors determine people’s experiences of social inclusion or exclusion. This paper explores how these intersecting identities influence the experience of inequality and marginalisation, with a particular focus on people with disabilities from minority religious backgrounds. A participatory qualitative methodology was employed in Chennai, to gather case studies that describe in-depth experiences of participants. Our findings show that many factors that make up a person’s identity intersect in India and impact how someone is included or excluded by society, with religious minority affiliation, caste, disability status, and gender all having the potential to add layers of marginalisation. These various identity factors, and how individuals and society react to them, impact on how people experience their social existence. Identity factors that form the basis for discrimination can be either visible or invisible, and discrimination may be explicit or implicit. Despite various legal and human rights frameworks at the national and international level that aim to prevent marginalisation, discrimination based on these factors is still prevalent in India. While some tokenistic interventions and schemes are in place to overcome marginalisation, such initiatives often only focus on one factor of identity, rather than considering intersecting factors. People with disabilities continue to experience exclusion in all aspects of their lives. Discrimination can exist both between, as well as within, religious communities, and is particularly prevalent in formal environments. Caste-based exclusion continues to be a major problem in India. The current socioeconomic environment and political climate can be seen to perpetuate marginalisation based on these factors. However, when people are included in society, regardless of belonging to a religious minority, having a disability, or being a certain caste, the impact on their life can be very positive.

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van der Sloot, Bart. The Quality of Life: Protecting Non-personal Interests and Non-personal Data in the Age of Big Data. Universitätsbibliothek J. C. Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.64579.

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Under the current legal paradigm, the rights to privacy and data protection provide natural persons with subjective rights to protect their private interests, such as related to human dignity, individual autonomy and personal freedom. In principle, when data processing is based on non-personal or aggregated data or when such data pro- cesses have an impact on societal, rather than individual interests, citizens cannot rely on these rights. Although this legal paradigm has worked well for decades, it is increasingly put under pressure because Big Data processes are typically based indis- criminate rather than targeted data collection, because the high volumes of data are processed on an aggregated rather than a personal level and because the policies and decisions based on the statistical correlations found through algorithmic analytics are mostly addressed at large groups or society as a whole rather than specific individuals. This means that large parts of the data-driven environment are currently left unregu- lated and that individuals are often unable to rely on their fundamental rights when addressing the more systemic effects of Big Data processes. This article will discuss how this tension might be relieved by turning to the notion ‘quality of life’, which has the potential of becoming the new standard for the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) when dealing with privacy related cases.

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Aslam, Saba, and Megan Schmidt-Sane. Evidence Review: COVID-19 Recovery in South Asian Urban Informal Settlements. SSHAP, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.012.

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The global pandemic has brought renewed attention toward the everyday challenges in informal settlements. COVID-19 reminds us that southern urban life is rooted in ‘collective’ experiences where toilets and kitchens are shared by multiple families; where the categories of work and home, private and public space overlap; and where the majority live in vulnerable conditions. Despite these challenges, some of the most innovative and collective responses to COVID-19 have emerged from these areas. While informal settlements did face a host of risks and vulnerabilities during the pandemic, local responses have highlighted the resilience of informal settlement communities. However, few informal settlements are actually ‘resilient’ and any local responses must be robustly supported by system-wide change including support from local and national governments, improvements to built infrastructure, and improved access to health care services, among other priorities. The category of ‘informal settlements’ also captures a wide range of settlement types, from a legal slum to an informal settlement with no legal status, with many other types in between. This underscores the need to address fundamental issues that ‘perpetuate conditions of inequity, exclusion and vulnerability’ while also recognising the needs and contexts of different kinds of informal settlements. Whether COVID-19 helps governments recognise conditions of insecurity and vulnerability to address safe and secure housing and infrastructures remains to be seen. This is an update to the previous SSHAP brief on ‘COVID-19 in Informal Urban Settlements’ (March 2020). This evidence review highlights local responses, grassroots efforts, and challenges around COVID-19 recovery within urban informal settlements in South Asia. It focuses on specific examples from Karachi, Pakistan and Mumbai, India to inform policy responses for COVID-19 recovery and future epidemic preparedness and response. We show how local level responses are shaped in these cities where national and international responses have not reached communities at municipal and sub-municipal levels. This brief was written by Saba Aslam (IDS Alumni) and Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), with reviews from Professor Amita Bhide (Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India), Dr Asad Sayeed (Collective for Social Science Research, Pakistan), Annie Wilkinson (IDS), and contributions from Swati Mishra (LSHTM), Prerana Somani (LSHTM), Saleemullah Odho (Deputy Commissioner, Korangi district Karachi), Dr Noman Ahmed (NED University, Karachi), Tahera Hasan (Imkaan Foundation, Karachi), Atif Khan (District Health Officer, Korangi district Karachi), Dr Harris (District Focal person, Korangi), Aneeta Pasha (Interactive for Research and Development, Karachi), Yasmeen Shah (Pakistan Fisherfolk Forum), Ghulam Mustafa (HANDS Pakistan), and Dr Shehrin Shaila Mahmood (icddr,b). This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.

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