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1
Mazumdar, Rahul, Pravakar Sahoo, and Niloptal Goswami. "Trade Facilitation: Must for Indias Trade Competitiveness." Journal of World Trade 51, Issue 2 (April 1, 2017): 285–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2017012.
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Trade facilitation is a broad framework of practices that simplify and harmonize international trade procedures and domestic practices to reduce trade and transaction costs and time, and ultimately impact the competitiveness of the product and the producer. India aspires to sustain high growth rates and achieve a double-digit growth rate in the medium term to realise its potential demographic dividend. In this context, trade facilitation, along with other policy measures, assumes critical importance, and even more so as India’s exports have been experiencing negative growth for more than a year now. The success of the ‘Make in India’ to boost manufacturing sector depends on how successfully Indian firms are integrated with global value chains and on how successful they are in increasing their competitiveness by easing the measures of doing business and by attracting investment across sectors. At the core of all these is trade facilitation, along with other improvements in structural and policy measures. This article comprehensively examines India’s trade facilitation measures so far and their effectiveness and future steps.
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BHATIA, SANDEEP KAUR, and Amandeep Kaur. "Trends and Patterns of India’s Trade with Six EU Countries." Journal of Global Economy 11, no. 1 (March 23, 2015): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v11i1.347.
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India and European Union trade relations go back to 1960s. Both sides started their bilateral trade relations after their first summit which, was held in 2000 and after that India-EU has gone through various rounds of summits and negotiations for improving the bilateral trade ties. As a result, Free Trade Agreement was agreed upon between them in 2007 but it is still not fully implemented. EU is India’s largest trading partner which has accounted 14.8 percent in its total trade in 2011. The study has taken up six nations of EU namely Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and UK as   India has a large average share of trade with these countries during 1996-2011. The study strives to find out the trade trends of India with these six EU countries namely Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and UK. The study  is an attempt to find out the trade competitiveness and patterns of India with these countries by using various indices like Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage Index (RSCA) and Intra Industry Trade Index (IIT).  The study finds out that European debt crisis have vigorously affected Indian pattern of trade with these six countries.  Â
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Pandey, Alok Kumar, and Annapurna Dixit. "India’s Trade Experience with SAARC and the Future of SAFTA." Journal of Global Economy 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2009): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v5i1.93.
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ndia is also committed to ensure that the special and differential treatment provisions for developing countries under different WTO agreements are translated into specific enforceable dispensations. Currently, India has adopted WTO norms in these sectors i.e. Agriculture, Trade and Industry, Intellectual property and services. SAARC is moving towards a Free Trade Area and South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) that is an initial step in the evolution of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation as a regional trade block and an economic union. SAFTA was signed on January 6, 2004, during the Twelfth SAARC Summit in Islamabad. But how favorably it will affect the intra-regional trade it is uncertain as economic trouble for India could be created through the Free Trade Agreements. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to depict India’s foreign trade with SAARC nations considering the structural changes in Indian Economy as well as WTO Arrangements in 1995 and also the future of the SAFTA.
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Hans, V. Basil. "Foreign Trade Policy of India: Recent Trends." Journal of Global Economy 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v13i1.444.
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Quantitative and detailed trade policy information and analysis are more necessary now than they have ever been. Questions have been asked about whether the gains from trade exceed the costs of trade. Concerns regarding the distributional consequences of trade reforms have also been expressed. Good policy needs to be backed by good analysis. There needs to be a rethinking of India’s foreign trade policy both in theory and in practice so as to make it more relevant and rewarding. Visibly India now focuses on exports as a thrust area, pursuing customers aboard. Make in India is the new (wake-up) call. What is in the upcoming foreign trade policy of India? This paper discusses the paradigm shifts in India’s foreign trade policy.
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Kumar, Vipin, Veena Jha, and Pankhuri Bansal. "Indias Position in the International Economic Order." Global Trade and Customs Journal 14, Issue 7/8 (August 1, 2019): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2019036.
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India holds a dominant position in influencing global issues related to climate change, world trade, international terrorism, and nuclear proliferation. Considering the trade war between US and China, the threat to multilateralism from the US and the uncomfortable trade relationship between US and EU and Japan, India is now at a crossroads in the international economic order. This offers a leadership opportunity to ‘Aspirational India’ that is willing to engage in new issues of international economic order. This article examines India’s position in Multilateral Trade System by comprehensively reviewing the difference between its overall trade and sectoral interests; India’s role at the World Trade Organization (WTO) and how it has evolved; the role of India’s foreign policy in guiding its regionalism; and the opportunities that India may have in the trade war currently prevailing in the global economy. The article concludes that India’s interest is to preserve a stable multilateral trading order through the WTO, while using regionals or even sectoral agreements to augment its trade competitiveness
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Kaur, Sandeep, and Deepika. "Complementarities in Production and Trade between ASEAN Countries and India." Journal of Global Economy 6, no. 5 (December 31, 2010): 363–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i5.73.
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The share of India’s export to WANA (West Asia and North Africa) is 22.5 percent, followed by EU (European Union) 21.2 percent and North America 15.5 Percent, ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) 10.3 percent, South Asia 4.6 percent and Latin America 3.3 percent (Government of India, Economic survey 2010-11). As compared to other blocs (WANA, North America and EU) the share of India’s exports to ASEAN is low. Thus there is need to examine the reasons for low trade of India with ASEAN nations. In the light of this, the present paper has been undertaken to study competitiveness or complementarities in production and trade among India and ASEAN nations and to study the pattern of intra -regional trade of ASEAN nations. There is substantial range of existing complementarities between ASEAN and India. As most of the ASEAN countries are heavily dependent on imported drugs and health care equipments, therefore India could also cooperate with ASEAN in pharmaceutical and health care service sectors. India Shares Sea boundaries with three ASEAN countries namely Indonesia, Myanmar and Thailand. Thus in terms of transport cost, India has benefit to trade with ASEAN. So, India should look at expanding sea transport linkages to promote trade, tourism and other economic activities.
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Sachdeva, J. K. "Impact of World’s Economic Recession on India’s Growth Perspective – Theories and Facts." Journal of Global Economy 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2009): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v5i3.83.
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Indian economy also passed through these stages during the year 2008. The economic growth rate, which was above 8% for consecutive period of three years since 2006, suddenly plunged to an average of 5.5%. Developed world is under the fear that recession may not turn out to be continuous process resulting into great depression. Generally recessions are for two quarters, but depression is a severe economic downturn that lasts several years. Earlier India was affected less by external world depressions as it relied more on internal consumption, saving and import substitutions. However, after 1991 India opened up its economy to global players, share of exports, both goods and services, in GDP grew significantly. This paper is an attempt to analyse the variables responsible for India’s recent growth, impact of world recession on these variables and their significance. It needs to validate whether India’s economy has shifted away from consumption and saving to external sector dependence.Classification-JEL: Keywords: Indian Economy, Recession, Consumption, Monetary Policies, International Trade, Economic integration
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Kusuma, Ayusia Sabhita. "Rivalitas Strategi Maritim China dan India di Selat Malaka." Insignia Journal of International Relations 1, no. 01 (October 18, 2014): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2014.1.01.430.
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Regarding the significance of Malacca Strait as a key maritime�s �choke-point� passage betweenIndian and Pacific oceans, some major countries become dependence with the security and safetyin Malacca Sea Lines of Communications (SLOC). China and India are two states-user ofMalacca Strait which sharing common interests of economic, maritime trade and energy supplies.The problem is, as a regional power of each region, India and China have an ambition to controlthe security of Malacca�s Strait. China which is more dependent with its 80% trade and energysupply through Malacca Strait, facing �Malacca dilemma� regarding the issue. Then, with thestrategy of �string of pearls� and the modernization of of People�s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN),China became assertive to save its interests. India, which has control over Indian Ocean then feelthreaten by China�s activities around Malacca Strait and Indian Ocean. India starts and enhancesthe development of Andaman Nicobar Command with US support near Malacca Straits to counterChina�s development. This paper will analyze the development of China�s dan India�s maritimestrategy rivalry in Malacca Straits with the concepts of balance of power and maritime strategy.
Keywords: Malacca Strait, China�s maritime strategy, India�s maritime strategy, rivalry, balanceof power
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Nedumpara, James J., and Suhail Nathani. "India Back among WTO Disputes: An Update on Indias Current and Potential WTO Disputes." Global Trade and Customs Journal 7, Issue 11/12 (November 1, 2012): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2012057.
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After a fairly long lull in World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement activity India has become active again. There are at least three disputes involving India before the WTO dispute settlement body. There are several other trade differences that are perceived as potential disputes as India engages with other Members of the WTO community for an early resolution of these differences. While some of these trade differences have already been reported by the media as 'WTO challenges', it is important to put in perspective the nature and type of these trade differences and whether they can culminate in trade disputes. This Comment also seeks to understand the diverse economic and systemic issues these disputes and trade differences have raised.
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Keeryo, Zulfiqar Ali, Jazib Mumtaz, and Allah Bux Lakhan. "US-China Trade War and its Impact on Pakistan Exports." Global Economics Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2020(v-iii).01.
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This research study attempts to explore the effect of a trade war between the United States of America and China on Pakistan and other regional countries exports to the United States of America. The difference-in-difference methodology used to obtain the coefficients of each country to estimate the change in exports to the US from China, India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. The empirical results indicate that due to the imposition of US tariffs, China�s exports to the US reduced by 39%, whereas Pakistan�s exports to the US lowered by 3%. India and Bangladesh, on the other hand, gains from the trade war with India�s exports increased by 39% and Bangladesh�s exports increased by 50%. Therefore, it can conclude that the US-China trade war does not bring positivity to overall Pakistan�s trade position.
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Kishore, Pallavi. "Indias Experience with the WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing." Global Trade and Customs Journal 13, Issue 3 (March 1, 2018): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2018013.
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Trade in textiles was long regulated outside the rules of multilateral trade leading to advantages for some and disadvantages for others. The Uruguay Round (UR) recognized the need for coverage of the textiles sector by the rules of multilateral trade and the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) was negotiated for this purpose. This article will focus on the laws used to exclude the textiles sector from multilateral trade before the WTO and the regulation of this sector after the UR as well as the experience of India with the ATC.
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Marchang, Reimeingam. "Indo-Myanmar Border Trade at Moreh-Namphalong and Beyond." Journal of Global Economy 14, no. 2 (November 8, 2018): 120–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v14i2.488.
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Moreh-Namphalong has an immense prospective for international trade and commerce through Indo-Myanmar border. The paper examines the nature of border trade (BT) practices and prospective by linking Moreh market with the counterpart Namphalong market and establishes that BT is immensely linked with the third economies like China which actually supply goods. Moreh BT accounts to four per cent of the total India-Myanmar trade. It is affected by the bandh and strikes, insurgency, unstable currency exchange rate and smuggling that led to an economic lost for traders and economy at large. India experiences a border trade deficit as the potential export items are not produced in the proximity of Moreh. BT at Moreh-Namphalong has benefited the local border people in terms of employment, infrastructural development and also improves trade and other relationship between India and Myanmar. Myanmar is critical for India not only for BT partner but also for India’s Act East Policy for developing strategic and economic relations with East and South East Asian countries.
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Zastoupil, Lynn. "J. S. Mill and Indian Education." Utilitas 3, no. 1 (May 1991): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800000868.
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J. S. Mill's role in the Indian education controversy is well known, but scarcely well understood. That he drafted, in 1836, a despatch sharply critical of Macaulay's infamous Minute on Indian Education, is general knowledge now. That in drafting the despatch Mill drew upon the ideas of H. H. Wilson, a noted Orientalist and sharp critic of Macaulay and the Anglicists, has been adequately demonstrated. That the despatch was never sent to India, because of the objections of the President of the Board of Trade, John Hobhouse, a Whig with some utilitarian connections, has been common knowledge for several decades.
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Singh, Rakhi, Seema Sharma, and Deepak Tandon. "Non-Tariff Measures in Indian Context and the European Union." International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, no. 9 (August 20, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n9p54.
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Indian economy is one of the fastest growing economies in the world today. In line with global trade trends, Indian export sector has been growing and contributing significantly to the economy. Given its exports structure, India is well positioned to benefit from the structural changes in technology and emerging forces of globalization. Indian economy has shown remarkable progress in terms of foreign trade after the introduction of economic reforms in 1991. The European Union (EU) is a very important trading partner of India. The trade volumes between India and EU have shown remarkable improvement in last one and a half decade. After starting out at a relatively low level in the 1990’s, the trade volumes, both with respect to Indian exports to the EU as well as with respect to Indian imports from the EU, started to increase most noticeably after the year 2001.Use of non-tariff measures (NTMs) as means of protection has captured a lot of focus after reduction of tariffs in the world trade. India even after being a strategic partner for European Union (EU) has to face lot of NTMs on its exports. Based on studies in the past, link between the incidence of NTMs imposed by the home country and the income level of the foreign country has been established. The interplay of incidence of NTMs and the GDP remains largely unexplored in the context of India-EU trade relationship. This paper tries to fill this gap and show the importance of the study in policy decisions. Authors have used UNCTAD’s NTM data and Spearman’s correlation coefficient to measure the strength and direction of the relationship between incidence of NTM with per capita GDP of the exporting country (India). The authors have used different permutations of data from the main data set (1994-95 to 2016-17) for analysis and have concluded that incidence of NTMs on Indian exports to EU is positively co-related to the per capita GDP of India.
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Sethi, Simran. "Do Larger Economies Trade More? Evidence from India." International Journal of Management and Development Studies 12, no. 12 (December 28, 2023): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53983/ijmds.v12n12.002.
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International trade contributes significantly to a country’s economic growth at various stages of a nation’s development. Trade promotes competition and results in a more efficient allocation of resources and, hence, higher efficiency. Trade also encourages technological progress, technology transfer across countries, and development of new products, to name a few. This paper has two objectives- 1) To examine various trade theories on how trade impacts an economy’s growth, and 2) To analyse the trade data for India’s leading trading partner countries, and examine consistency of such data with predictions of the “Gravity model of trade”. Various trade theories are explained – the “Ricardian model of trade” (19th century) also known as the “Comparative Advantage Theory”, “Heckscher-Ohlin Model” (1920’s), also called the “Factor Proportions Theory”, “New Trade Theory” (NTT) by Paul Krugman (1979), “New-New Trade Theory” by Melitz (2003) and the “Gravity model of trade” by Tinbergen (1962). The predictions of the “Gravity model of trade” are tested for India using the 2021 data of the country’s leading export and import partners. The data shows the top three trading partner countries for India are the US, the UAE and China. These countries are large economies and hence consistent with the predictions of the Gravity model. Bangladesh is India’s 4th largest exporting partner – which is explained by the historically close cultural ties between India and Bangladesh facilitated by common language and borders. Overall, we can say that India’s trade data is consistent with the predictions of the Gravity model. India trades more with larger economies and those countries that are in close proximity in terms of cultural ties and distance.
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Gehlot, Ashwini, and Aklovya Panwar. "Jurisdiction for online trade mark infringement in India." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 15, no. 3 (February 20, 2020): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpaa017.
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Abstract Impresario Entertainment & Hospitality Pvt Ltd v S & D Hospitality, 2018 Cs (Comm) 111/2017, Delhi High Court, 3 January 2018 In Impresario Entertainment & Hospitality Pvt Ltd v S & D Hospitality, the Delhi High Court clarified the issue of jurisdiction regarding trade mark infringement arising out of acts committed on the Internet. The Court upheld its earlier decision of Banyan Tree Holding (P) Limited v A Murali Krishna Reddy & Anr, 2009 and solved the conflicting decisions over the issue.
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Rameshan, P. "India's Textiles & Clothing Trade." Foreign Trade Review 40, no. 3 (October 2005): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515050303.
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In this paper we examine the textiles and clothing export performance of India and China during the ATC and post-MFA period, with focus on the two leading consumer markets, viz. the European Union (EU) and USA. We evaluate the proposition that in comparison with China, India has not been able to gain significantly in these markets from the quota-removal on textiles and clothing, and that India has continued to be a smaller player in the world market for textiles and clothing as compared to China. Further, we analyze the implications of the trade trends of the US and EU textiles and clothing markets for the future textiles and clothing export success of India. Besides, we explore the possible strategic options available to India to become a major player in the leading export markets of textiles and clothing despite the competition and competitors. The results reported in the paper support our proposition that India&s gains in textiles and clothing trade in the ATC and post-MFA era have not been commensurate with its hopes. The paper suggests various reasons for this unsatisfactory outcome and outlines some measures to ensure better gains for India in future.
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Fathipour, Gholamreza, and Pratibha S. Gaikwad. "Comparative Advantage in Indian Economy: 1990-2014." Information Management and Business Review 10, no. 1 (April 10, 2018): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v10i1.2145.
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The most countries try to improve their advantage towards goods with high range of demand and sustainable trade such as industrial goods and merchandise. India embarked on the path of globalization in the early 1990s with the objective to attain a higher growth profile. This question can be brought up in which goods India has have comparative adventage. The aim of this study is to analyze comparative advantages of Indian's exports commodities during of post liberalsation in 1990-2014. The well-known index for determining trade advantage is revealed comparative advantage (RCA) by Balasa. The findings by India’s RCA in exports showed India has gained comparative advantage in a number of agriculture sector such as Food items, Textiles, Leather and other Manufactures.
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Jha, Parthsarathi, Sanjay Notani, and Ambarish Sathianathan. "Multilateralism and E-commerce: Assessing Indias Position." Global Trade and Customs Journal 14, Issue 7/8 (August 1, 2019): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2019040.
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With the digital revolution gaining momentum in the last decade, electronic commerce or e-commerce has emerged as a key platform for marketing, distribution and sale of goods and services. This article attempts to map the discussions surrounding e-commerce at the World Trade Organization (WTO) and outlines the issues which are the key concerns for India. India’s response to negotiations on e-commerce at the WTO has been somewhat reserved. Various Indian policies indicate a preference to cultivate a favourable ecosystem for domestic firms. The Draft E-commerce Policy emphasizes India’s domestic aspirations so as to enable the domestic stakeholders to fully benefit from the opportunities that would arise from progressive digitalization of the domestic digital economy. The article assesses the merits of India’s position on the contentious issues of e-commerce, namely customs duties on electronic transmission, differential treatment of foreign and domestic firms and restrictions on cross-border flow of data (including data localization requirements). It concludes that while some of the concerns raised by India are justified, India would benefit from devising a coherent and long-term strategy on e-commerce.
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Vadra, Ratna. "A study on India s trade relationship with SAARC countries." International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management 5, no. 1 (2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijicbm.2012.044016.
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Kaur, Sandeep, and Paramjit Nanda. "India’s Export Potential to Other SAARC Countries: A Gravity Model Analysis." Journal of Global Economy 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i3.59.
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India’s export potential to other SAARC nations (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) was calculated with the help of gravity model of exports using panel data methodology (pooled model, fixed effect model and random effect model) by taking the time period 1981-2005. To find out the convergence and divergence of India’s exports to SAARC members, speed of convergence was used. Moreover, study has also tried to find whether there is convergence of the actual data towards the estimated equilibrium. The study reveals that there was presence of convergence in India exports with SAARC countries and in the other words, actual India’s exports to SAARC countries converged towards the estimated export potential. Among SAARC countries, India’s export potential exists for Maldives, Bhutan, Pakistan and Nepal. India is the only SAARC member that shares land border with four members and sea border with two. No other SAARC country shares a common border with each other. In terms of trade, commerce, investments etc., India is a source of potential investment and technology and a major market for products from all other SAARC members. Therefore, it is essentially in India’s interest to put her weight behind SAARC.  Â
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Chakravarty, Rishi. "Role of Trade in Promoting Entrepreneurship Development between North East India and South East Asia." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) 5, no. 8 (August 2, 2017): 6576–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v5i8.02.
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Entrepreneurship plays a vital role for economic growth and development of a nation or a region within the nation. Out of many important benefits of entrepreneurship development, generation of employment opportunities for job seekers is one of the most important issues. India‟s North Eastern Region (NER) is unique in terms of growth opportunities as it has the potential to develop into India‟s economic power house being a vibrant source of energy, oil, natural gas, coal, and limestone, besides being endowed with its largest perennial water system in the river Brahmaputra and its tributaries. Aptly considered as „The Gateway‟ to its South East Asian neigh bours, India‟s North East can emerge as a strategic base for foreign and domestic investors to tap into the South East Asian region, which is getting integrated through the operationalization of the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) and the Agreement on Trade in Services. At the initiative of the present Government at the center, the slogan of “Make in India” has gained immense popularity with a more vibrant “Act East Policy” now taking over the formerly „Look East Policy‟. The NER's unlimited tourism opportunities, unique performing arts, and varied cuisine and handicrafts provides the ideal setting for its development as a hub for dealing in trade and commerce with India‟s eastern neighbours and boosting entrepreneurship. Development of NER will not only enhance the economy ofIndia but also will foster bilateral integration amongst the East and South East Asian neighbours. This paper therefore is an attempt to understand in what way will trade between the North East India and South East Asian regions can boost entrepreneurship and generate self employment.
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Joseph, Sharmila Mary. "Patients versus Patents: The Indian Supreme Courts Decision in the Novartis Case." Global Trade and Customs Journal 8, Issue 7/8 (July 1, 2013): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2013033.
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The Indian Supreme Court in a landmark judgment on 1 April 2013 dismissed the plea of Novartis AG for grant of patent for the beta crystalline form of Imatinib mesylate. The Court did not find the product to have satisfied the relevant provisions of patentability laid down in the Indian Patents Act. Patents for pharmaceutical products have always triggered intense debate in India and other developing countries. The Indian Patent laws are fully compliant with the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement). This article through the lens of the Court verdict analyses whether there was any real enhancement in therapeutic efficacy of the product as claimed by Novartis and whether Novartis resorted to evergreening. The article dwells on the possible implications of the judgment on investments in India; and innovations in research and development in the pharmaceutical sector. The article further observes that the Court has, while upholding the public health agenda of the state, judiciously interpreted the statutory provisions governing the grant of intellectual property rights for pharmaceutical products in India, in the patient versus patent debate.
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Bose, Debadatta. "From Lax to Tax: Indias Changing Policy on Overseas Taxation." Intertax 45, Issue 4 (April 1, 2017): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2017027.
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International taxation law has had its fair share of morality v. legality debates in the domain of tax havens. With increasing global trade, this debate has become increasingly important for emerging economies like India who, although earlier considered tax havens as an important source of foreign investment, is slowly changing its stance. India is slowly asking for its fair share of contributions since its tussle with lost revenue from tax havens in the Vodafone Essar tax dispute. This article elaborates certain general key points of the emergence and importance of tax havens in the twenty-first century era of globalization and then discussing how tax planning is carried out through treaty shopping. This article elaborately discusses the Indian legal regime with respect to treaty shopping and moves on to the discuss the issue of India’s change in policy regarding treaty shopping. This article thus elucidates and explains the change taking the specific example of the recent changes to the Indo-Mauritius treaty and how it has a ripple effect on other international treaty systems with India – India is choosing the path of increasing tax revenue rather than blindly trusting tax havens as a major source of foreign investment.
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Memon, Muhammad Salih, Dr Nadeem Bhatti, Faiz Muhammad Shaikh, and Dr Anwar Ali Shah G.Syed. "IMPACT OF PAK-INDIA TRADE ON ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN BY USING COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBIUM MODEL (CGE)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 2672–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v11i1.4936.
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This research investigates the Impact of PAK-INDIA trade on Economy of Pakistan. Data were collected from GTAP-7 database and six sectors were included in the database, Textile, Pharmaceutical, Automobile parts and engineering, Agriculture, Financial and Insurance services and logistics. Data were analyzed by using GEM-software. Different simulation run on GTAP-7 database and various tariff rates applied. It was revealed that if India were removing the sensitive list item, in this scenario both countries would have positive impact on GDP, Export, Import and Employment of Pakistan. The results indicates that there in Agriculture, textile, Auto Pakistan’s is head on India in MFN status. In Pharmaceutical, Financial services and Logistics India has positive gain.  It was further revealed that if Pakistan is given MFN status to India, Pakistan’s import decreased and Export increased and overall positive impact on Economy. This research analyzes the potential economic costs and benefits of Pak-India trade in Textile, Pharmaceutical, Automobile parts and engineering, Agriculture, Financial and Insurance services and logistics.  The first scenario is when normal trading relation with India will be restored; it means that both countries will give the MFN (Most Favored Nations) status to each other. In the second scenario, the SAFTA will be operative and there will be free trade between India and Pakistan and both countries will remove all tariffs and custom duties from each others’ imports. The Global trade analysis GTAP model is used to analyze the possible impact of SAFTA on Pakistan in a multi country, multi sector applied General equilibrium frame work. After employing the simplified static analysis framework, the analysis based on simulations reveals that current demand for Pakistani Textile, Pharmaceutical, Automobile parts and engineering, Agriculture, Financial and Insurance services and logistics will expand after the FTA and consumer surplus will increase. The drop in the domestic prices of dates will increase the production of many downstream industries, which will have pleasant multiplier effects on the economy of Pakistan. The government may reduce MFN tariffs on industrial dates before implementing the FTA. A key rule of multilateral trade system is that the reduction in trade barriers should be applied on a most-favored nation basis (MFN) to all WTO members. The only exception to the MFN principle built into the GATT legal framework is the provision for reciprocal free trade within customs unions and free trade areas (GATT article XXIV). Following the analytical framework discussed by PO managerial (2001), we employ the simplified static analysis by using CGE model for policy implication, which reveals that Pakistan will gain benefit from Pak-India trade. Results based on this research reveal that on SAFTA, grounds, here will be net export benefits in Pakistan’s economy.
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Bahmani-Oskooee, Mohsen, and Artatrana Ratha. "S-Curve at the Commodity Level: Evidence from US-India Trade." International Trade Journal 24, no. 1 (January 12, 2010): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08853900903442939.
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Gupta, G. S., and H. Keshava. "Income and Price Elasticities in India's Trade." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 19, no. 2 (April 1994): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919940202.
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This article by G S Gupta and H Keshava estimates the export and import functions for India both at the aggregate (rest of the world) as well as the important individual country levels using annual time series data for the period 1960-61 through 1990-91.
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Kupriyanov, Alexey V. "Indian South Pacific turn: causes and possible consequences." Asia and Africa Today, no. 12 (2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750017783-3.
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Until recently, Oceania was on the periphery of Indian foreign policy. This was due to a number of historical, political and economic reasons: the polities of Oceania historically weren’t a part of the Indian Ocean world; they gained independence too late, and the volume of India's trade with most of them is insignificant. The situation began to change after Narendra Modi came to power in 2014, but this process soon stalled. However, in recent months, there has been a sharp surge in Indian interest in Oceania. In the author's opinion, this is due to three processes: India's desire to enlist the support of its solar energy initiatives, the awareness of the weakness of its strategy of containing China in the Indian Ocean and and the formation of a triple informal alliance with the participation of India, Australia and France, which seems beneficial for these countries. The article analyzes the main imperatives and tasks of India, shows the process of their changes. The author points out that Fiji has historically played a major role in Indian politics in Oceania, but notes that in the near future Indian interest in Papua New Guinea and Tonga, two other island countries with their own armed forces, will grow. The article describes the existing interaction between India and the countries of the South Pacific and promising fields of cooperation. The author notes that Indian expansion in the region opens up new prospects for Russia and puts before it the question of formulating its own Indo-Pacific strategy, which would be combined with the Indian vision.
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Dar, Zahid Ul Islam, and Sandeep Kaur. "The Essence of Trade Facilitation." Journal of Global Economy 15, no. 1 (April 2, 2019): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v15i1.576.
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The global tariffs cutback, particularly in the developed world has been substantial and also the consequent gains appropriated therefrom. This has led to the shift of focus in the contemporary trade policies, having inclinations towards one or more aspects of the trade facilitation. Trade facilitation pertains to simplification, standardisation and synchronisation of trade procedures followed internationally and within the borders of individual economies as well, bearing an enormous impact on the time to trade and otherwise increasing trade transaction costs. The South Asian region on the trade facilitation front lags way behind the other regional groupings. It contrastingly portrays dismal performance in terms of costs, documentation and time taken to export and import. Despite the empirical studies predicting impressive gains to the region from trade facilitation and mention of several trade facilitation measures in various bilateral and regional agreements, the interregional trade primarily out of inaction has been near stagnant since 1980s. The bright spot in the region, India is outdone in several trade facilitation indicators by the small and relatively not well doing South Asian economies. The border compliances contrastingly contribute considerably to the nation’s time to trade and the trade transactions cost. The trade facilitation measures undertaken by the nation have mostly addressed the issues concerning the GATT articles VIII and X and the left out measures are still substantially contributing to the trade time and costs. In this regard, the paper primarily endeavours to dig into India’s accomplishments and deficiencies on the trade facilitation front.
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Varma, Poornima. "An analysis of India s bilateral intra-industry trade in agricultural products." International Journal of Economics and Business Research 4, no. 1/2 (2012): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijebr.2012.044246.
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Singh, Surendar, and Ram Singh. "Revisiting the Debate on Import-Led Substitution and Export-Led Industrialization: Where Is India Heading Under Self-Reliant India?" Journal of World Trade 56, Issue 1 (December 1, 2022): 111–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2022005.
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The industrial policy is back in vogue of the ‘development discourse’ both in the developed and developing countries due to suboptimal success of market-oriented policies in facilitating socioeconomic and structural transformation. The rise of debate and discourse on industrial policy is also shaped by many other developments such as evolution of newer technologies and their impact on manufacturing, global trade protectionism and pandemic-induced global supply chain disruption( s) among others. The increased interest in the industrial policy at the time of global protectionism has refreshed the old debate in the developing countries on the choice of industrial model, that is, import-substituting industrialization (ISI) and export-led industrialization (ELI). In this context, this article examines India’s industrial strategy under the Self-Reliant India Mission with a special focus on trade policy, investment policy and production-linked incentives (PLI) to understand whether it is adopting policies that squarely fall under the ISI or ELI model. The findings of the article are based on analysis of the trade policy, investment policy and PLI scheme to illustrate that India is adopting policies that broadly fall under the ambit of ISI model thus taking India economy back to re-adoption of inward-looking policies of prereforms era. industrial policy, trade policy, investment, production subsidies, free trade agreement and industrial revolution
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Ali, Sayeed Saleem, N. V. Shende, and R. D. Vaidkar. "International trade of marine products in India." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 18, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/18.1/271-283.
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The present study entitled International trade of marine products in India was under taken to estimate the growth rate and instability of marine products in India.The study also explores the competitiveness of Indian marine products. The study is based on secondary data collected from various government publication and websites like MPEDA, FAOSTAT, INDIASTAT, DGCI and S, DOF, DOC The data regarding marine products export quantity and value, import quantity and value, international price and domestic price of marine products in India was collected from 2000 to 2020. Which includes 20 years data. The period has been divided in to three periods i.e. period I (2000-01to2009-10), period II (2010-11to2019-20) and overall period (2000-01 to 2019- 20). The data collecting from secondary sources was subjected to appropriate analytical techniques in order to arrive at meaning ful conclusion. The different analytical techniques used in the study were growth rates, instability index, nominal protection coefficient (NPC) and factor affecting of marine products. (cobb-Douglas demand function) in order to fulfil objectives of the study. The analysis of marine export displayed positive and significant compound growth rate for overall period for in the other hand export value also exhibited the significant growth at one per cent level of significant for the same period of study. These export value increase in different interval. Import quantity and value of marine in India for period 1 was negative whereas period II and overall period were positive and significant growth. The co-efficient of variation was import quantity and value was found highest in overall period and low in period I and II export quantity and value was found highest in overall period and low in period I and period II. In case of instability index marine products import quantity and value in stability found to be high in period IIl owin period I as an overall period the instability was found to be increasing in marine products. Export quantity and value found to be high in the period I low in the period II and overall period. The NPC value of marine products showed that, the value in period I was 0.81 and period II was 1.94 and for overall period it was 1.38 which indicates marine products is non-competitive in international market. For factor influencing export of marine products, Cobb-Douglas function exhibited high value of R2 was noticed for export of marine products i.e. (0.88), which indicate the best fitfor equation marine export was observed influence by one factors. i.e. export price. Significant at one per cent level.
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Banerjee, Arindam. "Impact of FDI and FII on the Indian Stock Market during Recent Recession Period: An Empirical Study." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 4 (December 30, 2013): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2013.53.
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The era 90‘s saw very significant policy changes introduced in the sphere of financial sector, foreign trade, public sector and social sector. The year 1991 witnessed the process of liberalization and globalization that hit the Indian economy and pushed our country to break open the ―Inward Looking‖ policy when the emphasis was accorded to protectionism and import substitution. Since 1991, India has proved to be a key player in the world. Ours country interaction has increased with many economies ties, political harmony, tourism trade and services more significantly in the area of investment. The present study was conducted by me with the aim to understand the impact of FDI and FII on Indian Stock Market (BSE and Nifty) during the recession period. It was found from the study that FDI had a significant influence on the Indian Stock market during recession while FII negatively influenced the Indian Stock Market.
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Reddy, Y. Malini. "Seagram India." Asian Case Research Journal 10, no. 02 (December 2006): 161–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021892750600079x.
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Seagram, India 's largest multinational player in the spirits business, had been operating across the entire wine and spirits spectrum in India since 1995. It had generated consumer pull through effective advertising. With India's entry into the World Trade Organization in 2001, the decision to open up the sector for imports and the subsequent restructuring in 2002–03 led to intensification of competition in the industry. This battle at the marketplace was further fueled by the anticipation of a steep fall in sales due to the ban on liquor advertising. In November 2004, Seagram India was revisiting its marketing communications plans. With the aim of achieving greater market presence, it was developing its marketing communications strategy to achieve differentiation and competitive edge in the market. The company was exploring the emphasis on sales promotion rather than advertising to achieve that end.
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Dhar, Biswajit. "How Vulnerable Is Indias Trade to Possible Border Carbon Adjustments in the EU?" Journal of World Trade 46, Issue 2 (April 1, 2012): 249–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2012009.
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This paper presents an empirical exercise with the aim of adressing the following research questions: (a) how vulnerable is India's trade to any future border carbon adjustments in the European Union (EU) and (b) which sectors/items are most likely to be affected? The exercise is based on the EU List released in December 2009, in which the bloc has identified 164 (sub)sectors as deemed to be exposed to a significant risk of carbon leakage. In light of the finding that the Harmonized System's (HS) six-digit items corresponding to the (full) EU List comprise the lion's share of India's exports to the EU, it is argued in this paper that there is a very high probability of any such border measure having a considerable impact on India's exports to the bloc. The study further reveals that even if the EU decides to leave the 117 highly trade-intensive but low carbon-intensive sectors (included in the EU List) outside the ambit of any future border carbon adjustments, the overall vulnerability of India could still be quite high. Among the four BASIC countries (namely, Brazil, China, India and South Africa), India appears to be the second-most vulnerable, after South Africa.
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Bagchi, Sagnik, and Surajit Bhattacharyya. "Country-Specific Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in India." Foreign Trade Review 54, no. 3 (August 2019): 129–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732519851630.
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A distinctive feature of India’s trade liberalization has been a significant rise in the magnitude of intra-industry trade (IIT). India’s total IIT is substantially large with high and upper-middle-income group countries and dominated by low vertical IIT. Particularly during the second phase of economic reforms, magnitude of India’s vertical IIT with high-income group of countries had increased; while there had been a marginal decline in horizontal IIT. This article identifies some of the determinants of India’s total IIT as well as vertical and horizontal IIT with her major trading partners from 1990 to 2014. The convergence in the level of economic development between India and her trading partner(s) positively influences total IIT and its two broad forms. Similarity in relative factor endowments and regional trade agreement through South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) is found to promote horizontal IIT. Having a large market size, the distortionary impact of tariff has not been able to dampen the magnitude of India’s IIT. Relative depreciation of trading partner’s real exchange rate enhances India’s imports and inhibits the growth of total and vertical IIT. Geographical distance adversely affects all forms of IIT. JEL Codes: C23, F14
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Memon, Muhammad Salih, Faiz Muhammad Shaikh, Dr Nanik Ram, and Dr Anwar Ali Shah G.Syed. "IMPACT OFSAFTA ON TEXTILE EXPORT ON ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN BY USING COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBIUM MODEL (CGE)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 11, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 2641–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v11i1.4934.
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This research investigates the Impact of PAK-INDIA Textile trade on Economy of Pakistan. Data were collected from GTAP-7 database. Data were  collected from 70 Textile exporters by using simple random technique and data were analyzed by using GEM-software. Different simulation run on GTAP-7 database and various tariff rates appliedThe first scenario is when normal trading relation with India will be restored; it means that both countries will give the MFN (Most Favored Nations) status to each other. In the second scenario, the SAFTA will be operative and there will be free trade between India and Pakistan and both countries will remove all tariffs and custom duties from each others’ imports. The Global trade analysis GTAP model is used to analyze the possible impact of SAFTA on Pakistan in a multi country, multi sector applied General equilibrium frame work. Results based on this research reveal that on SAFTA, grounds, here will be net export benefits in Pakistan’s economy.
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SalehMemon, Muhammad, Dr Faiz M.Shaikh, Dr Anwar Ali Shah G.Syed, Dr Abdullah Sethar, and Dr Muhammad Ali. "IMPLICATION OF PAK-INDIA TRADE RELATIONSHIP ON PHARMACETICAL AND AUTOMOBILE AND ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN BY USING COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBIUM MODEL (CGE) Model." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 11, no. 4 (October 30, 2016): 2936–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v11i4.4754.
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This research investigates the Impact of PAK-INDIA trade on Economy of Pakistan. Data were collected from GTAP-7 database and six sectors were included in the database, Textile, Pharmaceutical, Automobile parts and engineering, Agriculture, Financial and Insurance services and logistics. Data were analyzed by using GEM-software. Different simulation run on GTAP-7 database and various tariff rates applied. It was revealed that if India were removing the sensitive list item, in this scenario both countries would have positive impact on GDP, Export, Import and Employment of Pakistan. The results indicates that there in Agriculture, textile, Auto Pakistan’s is head on India in MFN status. In Pharmaceutical, Financial services and Logistics India has positive gain. It was further revealed that if Pakistan is given MFN status to India, Pakistan’s import decreased and Export increased and overall positive impact on Economy. This research analyzes the potential economic costsand benefitsof Pak-India trade in Textile, Pharmaceutical, Automobile parts and engineering, Agriculture, Financial and Insurance services and logistics. Thefirstscenariois whennormaltradingrelationwithIndiawillberestored;it meansthat bothcountries will give theMFN (Most FavoredNations)statustoeach other. Inthesecondscenario,the SAFTAwill beoperativeandthere will be freetrade between IndiaandPakistanandbothcountrieswill remove all tariffsandcustom dutiesfrom eachothers’imports.TheGlobal tradeanalysisGTAPmodelisusedtoanalyzethe possibleimpactofSAFTAonPakistaninamulticountry,multisectorappliedGeneral equilibrium framework.After employingthe simplifiedstaticanalysisframework,theanalysisbasedonsimulationsrevealsthatcurrentdemandfor PakistaniTextile, Pharmaceutical, Automobile parts and engineering, Agriculture, Financial and Insurance services and logistics willexpandaftertheFTAand consumersurplus willincrease.Thedropinthedomesticpricesofdates willincreasethe production ofmany downstream industries,whichwillhave pleasantmultipliereffectsontheeconomyofPakistan.Thegovernmentmay reduceMFNtariffsonindustrialdatesbeforeimplementingtheFTA.Â
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Aggarwal, Dr Mamta, Dr Meera Bamba, and Indu Bansal. "Analysing Volatility Dynamics of India and US Stock Market." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 1821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53957.
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Abstract: Analysing the risk-return trade-off of financial assets, volatility is a key factor. Volatility promotes market liquidity and demonstrates the effectiveness of the financial system. To have an insights of India And US Market Volatility behaviour, this paper examines the volatility dynamics of India And US Stock market by taking Sensex And S & P 500 daily closing prices for the 2nd January 2003 to 31st December 2019. The authors have two questions to examine about volatility whether India and US stock market volatility shows volatility clustering and volatility persistence or not. ARCH LM test and Ljung Box Q2 statistics were used to check for volatility clustering. And for volatility persistence GARCH (1,1) model is used. The results of the study confirm the presence of volatility clustering in in both India And US stock market. Additionally, Indian stock return volatility shows lower volatility persistence than US. The results of the study are quite useful for the academicians, policy makers and investor community in general
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Singha, Komol. "Globalization and Economic Development: A Study of Nagaland." Journal of Global Economy 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i3.61.
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With the emergence of globalization, economic integration among nations has become a necessity. Cross border trade is the most important medium of the current wave of globalization. In this process, knowingly or unknowingly the North East economy has emerged in to a new dimension of cross border trade (informal trade) with neighboring nations and that increases Social Welfare of the poor masses of the region. But the formal arrangements, like ‘Look East Policy’ stumbles the social welfare of the region. Border trade is the first and foremost important component of globalization and informal trade is multiple times more than the formal trade in this region. By this process, sustainable development is generated and it is visible now in this region. With the help of primary and secondary data, this paper tries to analyze the impact of globalization or cross border trade in the North East India (NEI). How far this globalization through cross border trade increases social welfare or generates sustainable economic development of the region is the core issue of this paper. For this purpose, the author has selected Nagaland as an area of study. Of late, the Government has initiated several pro-active measures to strengthen its economic growth further. In this direction, India’s Look East Policy is worth mentioning. Under this policy, India seeks economic cooperation with ASEAN and other neighbouring countries through the gateway of the North-Eastern Region. Despite initiatives of economic development, still the process is not heading towards the right direction. There are some institutional lacunae in this process. This paper is the modest attempt to highlight these lacunae and tries to recommend some feasible suggestions to overcome in this direction.
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Emelyanova, Natalia. "Russia and India in Central Asia: Review of Foreign Policy Directions and Formation of Joint Approaches." ISTORIYA 14, no. 4 (126) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025982-9.
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The article is devoted to an overview of the foreign policy attitudes of Russia and India in Central Asia, as well as the possibilities and limitations of the formation of joint approaches to solving various problems of sustainable development of the Central Asian mega-region. The article attempts to answer the following questions: – how can one assess the place of Central Asia in bilateral relations between Russia and India?; – does India's policy aimed at strengthening interaction with the countries of Central Asia contradict Russia's national interests?; – how can such associations as the SCO, BRICS, CSTO and EAEU contribute to the development of the Central Asian direction of Russian-Indian relations? The above-mentioned questions were put to 7 employees of research organizations that specialize in various aspects of Indian foreign policy. According to experts, the promising practices initiated by India in relation to the states of Central Asia are inferior to the emerging Chinese-Pakistani connection in the region. If India, entering Central Asia, seeks to represent itself as a Pan-Asian player, then Russia, reformatting its system of interactions with the countries of Central Asia, resolutely secures the status of a Eurasian leader. For India, Central Asia is part of an extended neighborhood, whereas for Russia it is the near abroad, where Moscow is focused on forming the closest possible relations. It is concluded that the presence of India in Central Asia does not contradict Russian interests due to the fact that this presence on the part of India cannot be increased to the critical point when the situation in the mega-region can get out of Moscow's control. At the same time, the common interest of Russia and India in maintaining the regional security architecture, the desire of both states to build trade and economic projects in Central Asia by expanding the region’s transit potential, in combination with the inability of New Delhi to enter into allied relations with Beijing, allow us to speak about the high prospects of the Сentral-Asian vector of Russian-Indian relations.
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Batabyal, Amitrajeet A. "Resource Endowments and Anomalies in International Trade Patterns: A Study of India, Japan and the U.S.A." Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 16, no. 1 (April 1987): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0899367x00000362.
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The pure theory of international trade, in its most elementary form, is predicated on differences in resource endowments between different countries. It has been argued, most notably by the Swedish economist Bertil Ohlin, that the existence of such inter-country differences in resource endowments explain the comparative cost differences between the factors of production, and hence the prevalence of trade. In the mid 1950's though, W. W. Leontiev's findings with regard to the nature of U.S. trade gave rise to considerable controversy because of the paradoxical nature of the findings. In this paper, the findings of Leontiev are examined and the seemingly anomalous trade patterns of India and Japan are also explored. It will be seen that while the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem (to be explained) still holds, resource endowments in themselves are never a complete explanation of trade patterns.
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TRIPATHI, HIMANSHU, RAM SURESH, SANJAY KUMAR, and FEROZ KHAN. "International Trade in Essential Oils and Resinoids: A Case Study of Past 18 Years." Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences 38, no. 1 (December 31, 2016): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.62029/jmaps.v38i1.tripathi.
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In the present study, we have analyzed international trade data of essential oils and resinoids (EORs) that belong to HS(ITC) 3301 heading for the period of 1996 to 2013. The trade data were retrieved from COMTRADE database, (UN Statistics Division, New York) and Export Import Data Bank (DGCI&S Kolkata, India). With growing demand of plant based products, trade in essential oils and resinoids (EORs) is also increasing worldwide, reaching to a level of total trade of US$ 7.7b (billion) in 2013 with annual growth rate of 6.9%.The present work gives detailed account of international trade pertaining to specific EORs based commodities, and shall be useful for scientific fraternity, industry and farmers in drawing policy for expanding global trade of these herbal commodities.
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Sarkar, Amal. "Impact of Free Trade on South Asia with Ref ere nee to India." Foreign Trade Review 38, no. 1-2 (April 2003): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515030104.
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The world has witnessed formation of several regional economic cooperation in different parts of the world after the World War II The significant success in regional economic cooperation in different parts of the world has been reflected in formation of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) in 1985 among seven countries of South Asia, namely Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. In any regional economic cooperation, trade is a key component SAARC is not exception to this. In 1995, they have established South Asian Preferential Trade Area (SAPTA). The idea of economic interdependence within the South Asian region had gained importance after formation of SAPTA, in particular. In the 8th SAARC Summit in 1995, the member countries have decided to form South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) by the year 2005. Therefore, a quantitative economic analysis of any national economy within SAARC should allow its trade relation with member countries. In the present paper, we study the quantitative impact of duty free access to India s market for imports on SAARC countries.
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Nedumpara, James J. "Indias Food Security Concerns and the WTO Bali Ministerial Decision." Global Trade and Customs Journal 9, Issue 4 (April 1, 2014): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2014022.
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The Bali Ministerial decision on public stockholding for food security purposes was a triumph for India - welcomed by both the domestic constituents and other members of the WTO community. The decision was particularly important for India in the context of the enactment of the National Food Security Act, 2013. However, the lasting impact of the Bali Ministerial Decision will depend on the ability of World Trade Organization (WTO) members in securing a long term solution for authorizing various public stockholding programmes targeted at subsistence and resource-poor farmers. While the burden has shifted to the developed countries to find a permanent change in the provisions of the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA), the developing country food security programmes, including India's NFSA, could still face difficulties if a negotiated outcome is not achieved by the 11th WTO Ministerial Conference.
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Selvaraj, Divya, Lalith Nadimuthu, and Kirubakaran Victor. "Monitoring and simulation of parabolic trough collector powered vapor absorption refrigeration system for rural cold storage." Thermal Science 26, no. 2 Part A (2022): 975–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci201110298s.
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India is one of the largest contributors to the world?s agricultural products. The majority of people?s livelihood in India depends on agriculture and its allied sec-tors. According to an economics survey in the agricultural year of 2019-2020, India is estimated to have produced around 292 million tonnes of food grain. The share of agriculture in India?s GDP is 19.9%. Even though India is an active participant in global agricultural trade, the total agricultural product export is only 2.5%. Agricultural produce is easily perishable and the quality gets affected which will then affect their market value. To meet the future food demands, agricultural produce must be able to store for a longer amount of time for round the year availability. The traditional food storage practices cannot satisfy that condition. These perishables need a proper cold supply chain to increase the shelf life. In this paper performance of a parabolic trough collector integrated vapor absorption refrigeration system was developed and studied. Renewable integrated cold storage would open door to the sustainable energy future.
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Chaudhuri, Rosinka. "‘On the Colonization of India’ (1829): Public meetings, debates and later disputes." Indian Economic & Social History Review 55, no. 4 (September 24, 2018): 463–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464618796894.
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This article returns to the scene of excitement that comprised the topic labelled ‘On the Colonization of India’ in the newspapers and journals of 1829, an area explored once before by a group of established Left historians through debates on the specific issue of the ‘Bengal Renaissance’ in the mid-1970s. Beginning with the misreading by these historians of particular extracts from the Bengal Hurkaru in constructing their arguments for or against the place of Rammohun Roy in the making of modern India, I nevertheless draw back here from larger abstractions of categorisation to focus tightly instead on this issue of ‘colonisation’ alone, exploring the arguments for and against free trade in the run up to the renewal of the East India Company (EIC)’s charter in 1833 as they unfolded in Calcutta. The objective is to delink the moment from the historical narratives of English liberalism, or free trade, or later Indian nationalism, reading the archive again to bring in local perspectives that have not been looked at so far, such as the unexpected voice of Young Bengal, speaking against colonisation, not for it, as it seems Rammohun does. As a result of concentrating on the local scene in Calcutta, a different picture emerges of the varied interests that, while never arguing against British rule, were nevertheless in conflict when taking a position for or against both the company’s monopoly and the future colonisation of India.
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Pradhan, Kailash. "The Hedging Effectiveness of Stock Index Futures: Evidence for the S&P CNX Nifty Index Traded in India." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10033-011-0010-2.
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The Hedging Effectiveness of Stock Index Futures: Evidence for the S&P CNX Nifty Index Traded in IndiaThis study evaluates optimal hedge ratios and the hedging effectiveness of stock index futures. The optimal hedge ratios are estimated from the ordinary least square (OLS) regression model, the vector autoregression model (VAR), the vector error correction model (VECM) and multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (M-GARCH) models such as VAR-GARCH and VEC-GARCH using the S&P CNX Nifty index and its futures index. Hedging effectiveness is measured in terms of within sample and out of sample risk-return trade-off at various forecasting horizons. The analysis found that the VEC-GARCH time varying hedge ratio provides the greatest portfolio risk reduction and generates the highest portfolio returns.
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Kleimann, David. "Beyond Market Access?: The Anatomy of ASEANs Preferential Trade Agreements." Journal of World Trade 48, Issue 3 (June 1, 2014): 629–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2014021.
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This article seeks to enhance the understanding of ASEAN's external Preferential Trade Agreements (PTA) in context of the recent growth of economic regionalism in East Asia. The article advances a comparison of the content of ASEAN's five plurilateral PTAs with China, Korea, Japan, India, Australia, and New Zealand with the status quo of ASEAN's internal economic integration. In a second step, the article compares ASEAN's plurilateral agreements and ASEAN's internal integration with the content of six bilateral PTAs that individual ASEAN Member States have concluded with Japan. The empirical findings demonstrate that the ambition of ASEAN's five plurilateral agreements finds its upper limits in the substantive content of ASEAN's internal economic integration. Within these limits, the coverage and depth of commitments varies considerably and corresponds to the intensity of trade between ASEAN and the respective external partner. Moreover, the comparison shows that bilateral PTAs between six individual ASEAN Member States and Japan go significantly beyond the status quo of ASEAN's internal integration and exceed the coverage and depth of ASEAN's external plurilateral PTAs. The author contends that the coverage and depth of ASEAN Member States' plurilateral PTAs is limited by the structural heterogeneity of the signatories and, as a result, a relatively high diversity of policy preferences. Bilateral PTAs between ASEAN Member States and the same external partners result in deeper commitments than the plurilateral accords because of both a higher common denominator among the parties to the agreements and the free-rider problem that persists in plurilateral negotiation settings. Moreover, it is argued that the coverage and depth of the agreements is a function of the intensity of trade among the parties: high trade intensity results in deeper and more comprehensive agreements that tackle twenty-first century trade issues, whereas low trade intensity results in shallow agreements that aim to reduce first-generation trade barriers. These hypotheses, which are fully verified by the empirical findings of this study, allow for conclusions about the role of ASEAN Member States - collectively and individually - in current and future economic integration initiatives.
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SalehMemon, Muhammad, Faiz Muhammad Shaikh, Dr Abdullah Sethar, Prof Fayyaz Mahmood, and Dr Muhammd Ali Bhatti. "ANALYZING THE BARRIERS OF PAK-INDIA TRADE ON TEXTILE EXPORTS BY USING CGE MODEL." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 11, no. 4 (October 30, 2016): 2916–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v11i4.4753.
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This research investigates the analyzing the barriers of Pak-india trade on textile exports by using CGE model. Data were collected from 50 exporters by using simple random technique. Data were analyzed by using SPSS-21version, A structural questionnaire was developed for the reliability and validity of the data. It was revealed that Exporters’opiniononexportafterdecreasingthestrengthofbarriersExporters have been askedif they are ready toexport moretothe INDIAafter these barrierswillbeless,and70% of theexporterssaidyes, 22% saidmaybe, and8% said no.Thus,exportersarepositiveregardingexporttotheINDIA.India’sexporttotheINDIAcan be increased if these barriers get less or are removed.  It was further revealed that Accordingly,theresultssuggestthatareductionofimporttariffsto10percentwillincreasePakistan’s welfareandterms-of-tradeaswell.Althoughonemightexpectthatthereductionofimporttariffswouldincreasethedomesticoutputandthereforeincreaseexportsales,thispolicy reformwouldadverselyaffectPakistan’s domesticoutputinmostofthesectorsbecauseofforeign competition.Asimilar impactcanbeseeninexportsalestoo