Academic literature on the topic 'India`s trade'

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Journal articles on the topic "India`s trade"

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Mazumdar, Rahul, Pravakar Sahoo, and Niloptal Goswami. "Trade Facilitation: Must for India’s Trade Competitiveness." Journal of World Trade 51, Issue 2 (April 1, 2017): 285–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2017012.

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Trade facilitation is a broad framework of practices that simplify and harmonize international trade procedures and domestic practices to reduce trade and transaction costs and time, and ultimately impact the competitiveness of the product and the producer. India aspires to sustain high growth rates and achieve a double-digit growth rate in the medium term to realise its potential demographic dividend. In this context, trade facilitation, along with other policy measures, assumes critical importance, and even more so as India’s exports have been experiencing negative growth for more than a year now. The success of the ‘Make in India’ to boost manufacturing sector depends on how successfully Indian firms are integrated with global value chains and on how successful they are in increasing their competitiveness by easing the measures of doing business and by attracting investment across sectors. At the core of all these is trade facilitation, along with other improvements in structural and policy measures. This article comprehensively examines India’s trade facilitation measures so far and their effectiveness and future steps.
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BHATIA, SANDEEP KAUR, and Amandeep Kaur. "Trends and Patterns of India’s Trade with Six EU Countries." Journal of Global Economy 11, no. 1 (March 23, 2015): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v11i1.347.

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India and European Union trade relations go back to 1960s. Both sides started their bilateral trade relations after their first summit which, was held in 2000 and after that India-EU has gone through various rounds of summits and negotiations for improving the bilateral trade ties. As a result, Free Trade Agreement was agreed upon between them in 2007 but it is still not fully implemented. EU is India’s largest trading partner which has accounted 14.8 percent in its total trade in 2011. The study has taken up six nations of EU namely Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and UK as   India has a large average share of trade with these countries during 1996-2011. The study strives to find out the trade trends of India with these six EU countries namely Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and UK. The study  is an attempt to find out the trade competitiveness and patterns of India with these countries by using various indices like Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage Index (RSCA) and Intra Industry Trade Index (IIT).  The study finds out that European debt crisis have vigorously affected Indian pattern of trade with these six countries.  Â
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Pandey, Alok Kumar, and Annapurna Dixit. "India’s Trade Experience with SAARC and the Future of SAFTA." Journal of Global Economy 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2009): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v5i1.93.

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ndia is also committed to ensure that the special and differential treatment provisions for developing countries under different WTO agreements are translated into specific enforceable dispensations. Currently, India has adopted WTO norms in these sectors i.e. Agriculture, Trade and Industry, Intellectual property and services. SAARC is moving towards a Free Trade Area and South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) that is an initial step in the evolution of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation as a regional trade block and an economic union. SAFTA was signed on January 6, 2004, during the Twelfth SAARC Summit in Islamabad. But how favorably it will affect the intra-regional trade it is uncertain as economic trouble for India could be created through the Free Trade Agreements. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to depict India’s foreign trade with SAARC nations considering the structural changes in Indian Economy as well as WTO Arrangements in 1995 and also the future of the SAFTA.
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Hans, V. Basil. "Foreign Trade Policy of India: Recent Trends." Journal of Global Economy 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v13i1.444.

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Quantitative and detailed trade policy information and analysis are more necessary now than they have ever been. Questions have been asked about whether the gains from trade exceed the costs of trade. Concerns regarding the distributional consequences of trade reforms have also been expressed. Good policy needs to be backed by good analysis. There needs to be a rethinking of India’s foreign trade policy both in theory and in practice so as to make it more relevant and rewarding. Visibly India now focuses on exports as a thrust area, pursuing customers aboard. Make in India is the new (wake-up) call. What is in the upcoming foreign trade policy of India? This paper discusses the paradigm shifts in India’s foreign trade policy.
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Kumar, Vipin, Veena Jha, and Pankhuri Bansal. "India’s Position in the International Economic Order." Global Trade and Customs Journal 14, Issue 7/8 (August 1, 2019): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2019036.

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India holds a dominant position in influencing global issues related to climate change, world trade, international terrorism, and nuclear proliferation. Considering the trade war between US and China, the threat to multilateralism from the US and the uncomfortable trade relationship between US and EU and Japan, India is now at a crossroads in the international economic order. This offers a leadership opportunity to ‘Aspirational India’ that is willing to engage in new issues of international economic order. This article examines India’s position in Multilateral Trade System by comprehensively reviewing the difference between its overall trade and sectoral interests; India’s role at the World Trade Organization (WTO) and how it has evolved; the role of India’s foreign policy in guiding its regionalism; and the opportunities that India may have in the trade war currently prevailing in the global economy. The article concludes that India’s interest is to preserve a stable multilateral trading order through the WTO, while using regionals or even sectoral agreements to augment its trade competitiveness
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Kaur, Sandeep, and Deepika. "Complementarities in Production and Trade between ASEAN Countries and India." Journal of Global Economy 6, no. 5 (December 31, 2010): 363–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v6i5.73.

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The share of India’s export to WANA (West Asia and North Africa) is 22.5 percent, followed by EU (European Union) 21.2 percent and North America 15.5 Percent, ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations) 10.3 percent, South Asia 4.6 percent and Latin America 3.3 percent (Government of India, Economic survey 2010-11). As compared to other blocs (WANA, North America and EU) the share of India’s exports to ASEAN is low. Thus there is need to examine the reasons for low trade of India with ASEAN nations. In the light of this, the present paper has been undertaken to study competitiveness or complementarities in production and trade among India and ASEAN nations and to study the pattern of intra -regional trade of ASEAN nations. There is substantial range of existing complementarities between ASEAN and India. As most of the ASEAN countries are heavily dependent on imported drugs and health care equipments, therefore India could also cooperate with ASEAN in pharmaceutical and health care service sectors. India Shares Sea boundaries with three ASEAN countries namely Indonesia, Myanmar and Thailand. Thus in terms of transport cost, India has benefit to trade with ASEAN. So, India should look at expanding sea transport linkages to promote trade, tourism and other economic activities.
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Sachdeva, J. K. "Impact of World’s Economic Recession on India’s Growth Perspective – Theories and Facts." Journal of Global Economy 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2009): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v5i3.83.

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Indian economy also passed through these stages during the year 2008. The economic growth rate, which was above 8% for consecutive period of three years since 2006, suddenly plunged to an average of 5.5%. Developed world is under the fear that recession may not turn out to be continuous process resulting into great depression. Generally recessions are for two quarters, but depression is a severe economic downturn that lasts several years. Earlier India was affected less by external world depressions as it relied more on internal consumption, saving and import substitutions. However, after 1991 India opened up its economy to global players, share of exports, both goods and services, in GDP grew significantly. This paper is an attempt to analyse the variables responsible for India’s recent growth, impact of world recession on these variables and their significance. It needs to validate whether India’s economy has shifted away from consumption and saving to external sector dependence.Classification-JEL: Keywords: Indian Economy, Recession, Consumption, Monetary Policies, International Trade, Economic integration
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Kusuma, Ayusia Sabhita. "Rivalitas Strategi Maritim China dan India di Selat Malaka." Insignia Journal of International Relations 1, no. 01 (October 18, 2014): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2014.1.01.430.

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Regarding the significance of Malacca Strait as a key maritime�s �choke-point� passage betweenIndian and Pacific oceans, some major countries become dependence with the security and safetyin Malacca Sea Lines of Communications (SLOC). China and India are two states-user ofMalacca Strait which sharing common interests of economic, maritime trade and energy supplies.The problem is, as a regional power of each region, India and China have an ambition to controlthe security of Malacca�s Strait. China which is more dependent with its 80% trade and energysupply through Malacca Strait, facing �Malacca dilemma� regarding the issue. Then, with thestrategy of �string of pearls� and the modernization of of People�s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN),China became assertive to save its interests. India, which has control over Indian Ocean then feelthreaten by China�s activities around Malacca Strait and Indian Ocean. India starts and enhancesthe development of Andaman Nicobar Command with US support near Malacca Straits to counterChina�s development. This paper will analyze the development of China�s dan India�s maritimestrategy rivalry in Malacca Straits with the concepts of balance of power and maritime strategy. Keywords: Malacca Strait, China�s maritime strategy, India�s maritime strategy, rivalry, balanceof power
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Nedumpara, James J., and Suhail Nathani. "India Back among WTO Disputes: An Update on India’s Current and Potential WTO Disputes." Global Trade and Customs Journal 7, Issue 11/12 (November 1, 2012): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2012057.

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After a fairly long lull in World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement activity India has become active again. There are at least three disputes involving India before the WTO dispute settlement body. There are several other trade differences that are perceived as potential disputes as India engages with other Members of the WTO community for an early resolution of these differences. While some of these trade differences have already been reported by the media as 'WTO challenges', it is important to put in perspective the nature and type of these trade differences and whether they can culminate in trade disputes. This Comment also seeks to understand the diverse economic and systemic issues these disputes and trade differences have raised.
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Keeryo, Zulfiqar Ali, Jazib Mumtaz, and Allah Bux Lakhan. "US-China Trade War and its Impact on Pakistan Exports." Global Economics Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2020(v-iii).01.

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This research study attempts to explore the effect of a trade war between the United States of America and China on Pakistan and other regional countries exports to the United States of America. The difference-in-difference methodology used to obtain the coefficients of each country to estimate the change in exports to the US from China, India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. The empirical results indicate that due to the imposition of US tariffs, China�s exports to the US reduced by 39%, whereas Pakistan�s exports to the US lowered by 3%. India and Bangladesh, on the other hand, gains from the trade war with India�s exports increased by 39% and Bangladesh�s exports increased by 50%. Therefore, it can conclude that the US-China trade war does not bring positivity to overall Pakistan�s trade position.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "India`s trade"

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Hančáková, Aneta. "Hospodářské vztahy mezi Českou republikou a Indií s přihlédnutím ke kulturním odlišnostem." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124636.

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The aim of this thesis is to introduce business environment in India to the Czech businessmen and to the public. The thesis shall answer the questions like what are opportunities and threats of the Indian business environment, how culture influences business negotiations with Indian counterparties and if India is the perspective country for the Czech exporters and investors.
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Laha, Sidhartha Sankar. "A Study of India`s intra-industry trade." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/554.

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Kocián, Adam. "Mezinárodní ekonomické vztahy EU s Indiíí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9345.

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The first chapter describes the structure of the Indian economy, the basic macroeconomic measures, the characteristics of the individual sectors and the comparative advantages and disadvantages. The second chapter analyses the development of the world trade, the development and the structure of the foreign trade of the EU and India and the bilateral trade between the EU and India. The third chapter describes the development of the foreign trade policies of the EU and India, the tariff and non-tariff obstacles of the foreign trade. The fourth chapter describes the areas of the economic and non-economic cooperation between the EU and India, trade in services and foreign investments.
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Mallick, Harigopal. "India`s trade and economic relations with South Asian countries - 1980-89." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/582.

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Proch, Dominik. "Perspektivy zahraničního obchodu ČR s Indií a formy jeho podpory." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262205.

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In the diploma thesis, author focuses on the state of the Indian economy and the position of India in the foreign trade of the Czech Republic. Firstly, local specifics and current changes (after 2014 elections) are outlined. Afterwards, an analysis of the India's position in international relations, its foreign trade relations and the intensity of mutual trade with the Czech Republic is propounded. The third chapter deals with the Czech system of trade promotion, including a description of its institutional structure and relation to the Czech export destined to India. In the last part of the thesis, author provides readers with a case study of selected Czech companies operating in the Indian market. The aim is to evaluate the possibilities and limits of bilateral trade and investment exchange promotion.
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Doležalová, Zuzana. "Analýza zahraničních ekonomických vztahů ČR s vybranými zeměmi: Čína, Indie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75350.

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The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe Czech Republic's foreign trade relations with two Asian countries - China and India. Thesis is divided in three parts. First part is dedicated to the introduction of Indian economy and its growth. This part deals also with the analysis of the foreign trade relations between Czech Republic and India. Second part describes Chinese economy and the foreign trade between China and the Czech Republic. The purpose of the third part is to describe the foreign direct investment flows between the Czech Republik and India/China. All the parts contain also the main points of Czech, Indian and Chinese legilatives focused on international trade and foreign direct investment.
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Saxcé, Ariane de. "Commerce, transferts, réseaux : des échanges maritimes en mer Erythrée entre le IIIe s. av. n.è. et le VIIe s. de n.è." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040028.

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La présente étude explore les relations maritimes établies pour des raisons commerciales entre le monde méditerranéen, l’Inde du Sud et Sri Lanka, entre le IIIe siècle av. n.è. et le VIIe siècle de n.è. Il s’agit dans un premier temps d’élaborer une synthèse quantifiée des imports issus du monde gréco-romain d’après les vestiges archéologiques découverts en Asie du Sud, en les confrontant aux autres types de sources. Cette synthèse nous conduit à nous pencher sur les contacts culturels que les liens commerciaux ont favorisé dans leur sillage : transferts, métissages, imitations et appropriations. Dans un dernier temps, ce sont les flux inverses qui ont fait l’objet de notre attention, décelables à travers les objets exportés par l’Inde et Sri Lanka vers les côtes de l’Arabie, de l’Afrique, du golfe Persique et de la mer Rouge. Il apparaît que les témoignages du commerce n’impliquent pas de très grandes quantités échangées mais n’ont pas été dénués malgré tout d’un impact certain sur les sociétés. Ainsi se tissent des réseaux complexes qui impliquent tous les acteurs de cette zone géographique, dont les extrémités est et ouest que sont l’Asie et la Méditerranée constituent une des facettes
This dissertation deals with the maritime connections that took place between South Asia (South India and Sri Lanka) and the Mediterranean world between the 3rd c. BCE and the 7th c. CE. It first establishes a global account of the archaeological remains found in South Asia that show the importation of Mediterranean products into this area, by comparison with other types of sources (texts, inscriptions, coins). The study then proceeds towards the social and cultural impact that these imported goods may have had on local populations, with regard to their proper way of appropriating foreign sources of inspiration depending on the regional context. Lastly, attention has been drawn on the return flow of goods from East to West, through archaeological vestiges located on the coasts of Egypt, Africa, Arabia and in the Persian Gulf. This leads to a reassessment of the global quantity of commercial goods crossing this large area, which may have been inferior to what was previously considered, whereas the social and cultural impact is not to be denied. The full picture of these interactions gives an image of a very intricate and complex network, involving lots of intermediaries, middlemen and local networks, which would have created a strong background for the direct long-distance links
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Janaki, I. "A study of inter-relationship between India 's terms of trade and exports during 1977-78 and 1988-89." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/2246.

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Petrtýl, Martin. "Čína v globální a regionální politice v 21.století - geopolitický střet s Japonskem, Indií, USA, Ruskem a Evropou." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-356368.

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CHINA IN GLOBAL AND REGIONAL POLITICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY - GEOPOLITICAL CLASH WITH JAPAN, INDIA, USA, RUSSIA AND EUROPE Mgr. Martin Petrtýl Supervisor: Doc. Dr. Bořivoj Hnízdo, PhD. Institute of Political Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences This dissertation discusses the current and future role of China in the 21st century. I worked with the idea to prepare a systematically detailed analytical study of the country in relation to its surroundings as well as its internal environment for more than 8 years, including many interruptions. I, above all, contemplated about the way how to truly scientifically, i.e. credibly, it means in the maximum possible the limits of verifiability, develop a full work that could hold up to the colleagues from the scientific community and myself. It is logical it was and is my attempt to allow minimal possibility of any criticism of this work for its formal, content, or other deficiencies. First, I decided to analyse in some detail the currently known theoretical approaches and methods of study, not only in political sciences, especially those used by political geographers, but also in other related fields, especially in the field of study of international relations, sociology, political science or general security studies. I did not want to study the issue is the...
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Maliakkal, Ben James. "The origin and spread of Christianity in Malabar (Kerala) : scenario prior to the european advent (1498 AD)." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/36277.

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A presente dissertação pretende estudar a história da origem e crescimento da fé cristã, bem como as alterações e conflitos sócio-culturais-espirituais provocados em Malabar, Índia (atual estado de Kerala). A fé cristã, de acordo com a tradição em Malabar, possui raízes no primeiro século de Nosso Senhor. De acordo com estudos históricos, bem como com a tradição, foi S. Tomé Apóstolo quem trouxe a fé aos povos de Malabar. Estes tornaram-se historicamente conhecidos como “Cristãos de Tomé”. A fé cristã em Malabar enfrentou três tipos de inculturações sociais e atravessou vários conflitos sociopolíticos: (a) a chegada do Apóstolo, em 52 AD., (b) a migração de cristãos persas (siríacos/caldaicos), em 345 AD., e (c) o aparecimento dos primeiros europeus, portugueses, em 1498.Três capítulos deste trabalho abordam detalhadamente cada um destes aspetos. Uma origem, crescimento e sustentabilidade do cristianismo na Índia possui variados fenómenos históricos. Esta história encontra-se abundantemente relacionada com a Teologia e Espiritualidade da fé cristã em Malabar e ainda mais com o modo de vida do povo da região. Como sociedade ancestral, com muitas tradições culturais e sociais e com um sistema de castas, Malabar aceitou uma religião como o cristianismo, à época da sua origem, muito recente e dissemelhante das suas crenças. Diferentes nações chegaram a Malabar e transformaram as convicções e modo de vida dos nativos. A Pérsia e Portugal deram-lhes diferentes Ritos de rituais e devoções, da mesma fé cristã. Mas, não obstante, o cristianismo em Malabar é forte e encontra-se em crescimento. Existem três Ritos católicos: latino, sírio-Malabar e sírio-Malankara.
This dissertation intends to study the history of origin and growth of Christian faith and the socio-cultural-spiritual changes and conflicts which made in Malabar, India (now state of Kerala). The Christian faith, according to the tradition in Malabar, has a root from the first century of our Lord. According to the historical studies and tradition St. Thomas the Apostle has given faith to the people of Malabar. They became known in the history as ‘Thomas Christians’. Christian faith in Malabar faced three kinds of social inculturations and passed through many socio-political wars. (a) The arrival of Apostle in 52 AD., (b) the migration of Persian Christians (Syriac/Chaldaic) in 345 AD., and (c) the arrival of first Europeans, Portuguese in 1498. Three chapters of this work consider each of these aspects in detail. An origin, growth and sustainability of Christianity in India had many historical phenomena. This history has many things to relate with Theology and Spirituality of Christian faith in Malabar and more over the way of life of people in the land. As an ancient society with many cultural and social customs, and caste systems, Malabar received a religion like Christianity in its time of origin, which was very new and different from their thoughts. Different nations came to Malabar and changed the convictions and way of life of natives. Persia and Portugal have given them different Rites of rituals and devotions of same Christian faith. But even though Christianity in Malabar is strong and growing. There exists three Catholic Rites: Latin, Syro-Malabar, and Syro-Malankara.
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Books on the topic "India`s trade"

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Sinha, Barbara Harriss White and Anushree. Trade Liberalization and India s Informal Economy. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press, 2007.

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Sinha, Anushree. Trade Liberalization and India s Informal Economy. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press, 2007.

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P, Rajbahak R., and All India Commerce Conference (43rd : 1989 : Jammu, India), eds. Export strategies of 90's: Based on papers discussed in XLIII All India Commerce Conference. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1990.

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Rajiv Gandhi Institute for Contemporary Studies., ed. Indian S & T after GATT: An agenda for action. [New Delhi]: Rajiv Gandhi Institute for Contemporary Studies, 1995.

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Rao, B. Sheshagiri. Indomitable: A Biography of S. R. Kulkarni Stormy Petrel of Indian Trade Union Movement. Bombay: B. Mohan Rao, 1987.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs (1993- ). Providing for business development and trade promotion for Native Americans, and for other purposes: Report (to accompany S. 401). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs (1993- ). Providing for business development and trade promotion for Native Americans, and for other purposes: Report (to accompany S. 401). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs (1993- ). Providing for business development and trade promotion for Native Americans, and for other purposes: Report (to accompany S. 401). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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Native American Business Development, Trade Promotion, and Tourism Development Act: Hearing before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, second session, on S. 2010 ... October 1, 1988, Washington, DC. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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), United States Congress Senate Committee on Indian Affairs (1993. Native American Agricultural Research, Development, and Export Enhancement Act: Hearing before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, on S. 2282 ... June 14, 2000, Washington, DC. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "India`s trade"

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Glamann, Kristof. "The Dutch East India Company′s Trade in Japanese Copper, 1645–1736." In Metals and Monies in an Emerging Global Economy, 95–133. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315249094-6.

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"India and Free Trade, 1930–1931 : ‘A Real Parting of the Ways’." In Winston S. Churchill. C & T Publications Limited, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350113695.ch-019.

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Kumar, Ajay, and Rakesh Kumar Singh. "Water Quality Assessment in Terms of Major and Minor Elements in Surface, Ground and Sea Water and Correlating the Presence with Associated Problems." In Trace Metals in the Environment [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1001129.

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Distribution of major and minor element concentrations in the surface and ground was evaluated in one of the districts of India, Moradabad lies between 28◦21’ to 28◦16’ north latitude and 78◦4’ to 79◦ east longitude in western Uttar Pradesh. The city is known for its export of brass handicrafts to various countries across the world including North America and Europe. A field survey was conducted in district Moradabad along with a public interaction program on water related problems. A total of 108 representative villages covering all eight blocks of Moradabad district were visited and interactions were held with the local population to find out the status of drinking water quality and associated problems. Water quality of surface and groundwater has been assessed with respect to metal concentration using ICP-OES technique. In the collected water samples, copper, arsenic, lead and chromium concentrations were found within the permissible limits. Iron concentration was observed beyond permissible limit in more than 50% of the samples collected. Maximum iron level in groundwater sample was 3820 ppb and that in surface water sample was 6294 ppb whereas the permissible limit is 300 ppb. Seawater samples were collected from eight sampling location in Southern Ocean from latitude S 67º16´10.9´´ and longitude E 28º39´64.5´´ to latitude S 69º17´42.9´´ and longitude E 76º13´23.3´´ and analyzed for various heavy metals like copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr). The concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr and other major elements like sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron were measured in selected seawater samples using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results indicated that the concentrations of metals in seawater were found uniformly in entire selected stretch of Southern Ocean. Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron and iron metals were found as the dominant constituents among the sea water. Aluminum (0.3-15.0 µg/cc), zinc (0.27-1.9 µg/cc), copper (0.04-0.23 µg/cc) and molybdenum (0.10- 0.77 µg/cc) were also found in sufficient concentrations in all the seawater samples. Strontium was also one of the dominant alkaline earth metals in sea water. However, the concentration of strontium (22.8-53.0 µg/cc) was found to be evenly distributed from Indian Bay to Larsemann Hills in east Antarctica. Selenium and chromium were the rarest metals in seawater as these were below detection limit in all samples. The overload of these major and minor elements beyond the permissible limits causes severe health problems such as liver cancer, diabetes, cirrhosis of liver, diseases related to heart and central nervous system, infertility etc. and thus needs to be monitored on regular basis.
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4

Cunliffe, Barry. "Widening Horizons." In Facing the Sea of Sand, 254–91. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192858887.003.0008.

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Abstract The period begins with the emergence of another deeply religious confederation, the Almohads in Morocco and their ascendancy over the whole of North Africa eastward to Tripolitania. But in the 1230’s the unity had begun to fragment once more into three tribal states, the Marinids, Zayyanids and Hafsids, while in Egypt the Malmuks took control. These four polities, each commanding a well-defined geographical region, were to remain in power for several centuries creating a degree of stability allowing culture to flourish and trade to continue to develop in comparative peace. South of the desert, in the Sahal, a similar stability emerged. In the west, from the Atlantic coast to the Niger Bend the empire of Mali emerged replacing that of Ghana. When one of its rulers, Mansa Musa set out, via Cairo, for Mecca in 1324, dispersing gold wherever he went, the whole world became aware of the wealth of Mali. Around Lake Chad another trading empire emerged, that of Kanem-Borno, and between Mali and Kanem-Borno, in Hausaland, city-states grew to become major commercial centres. The thriving networks of trade which ran north-south across the desert were now augmented by east-west routes along the full length of the Sahel linking to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean routes. The whole of northern Africa was now bound up in a World system.
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L.Sihler, Andrew. "Punctual (Aorist) Stems." In New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, 510. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195083453.003.0090.

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Abstract The only stem-formation which is uniquely aoristic is an athematic stem consisting of an element *-s- directly affixed to the root. Perhaps because of its distinctiveness it enjoyed considerable productivity in the daughter languages. There is little lexical agreement from one IE language to another as to which aorist stems are thus built, suggesting that the period of productivity came late in the history of PIE; and there is no certain trace of the element in Hitt. Evidence for the shape of the root in saorists is conflicting. In Indic the root vowel is in lengthened grade in the active indicative; in the middle, it is zero grade (though some roots ending in *y and *w have full grade instead). The subj. takes full grade. So to hr;- ‘fetch’, ahiirJam rsg.act., ahnata 3sg.subj.; to dif- ‘point out’, ddiita 3sg.midd. (regular from “adikf{a; the -sc of the stem is overt in forms like ddikii ISg.midd.). In G the root is normally in the same grade as the present stem, so 0EiK11vµi, eoEL a; -yp&</)w, e-ypai/;a; but there are exceptions like ri11w/ri11w ‘pay’, erELua (cf. erfoa). Land OCS evidence bears on only part of the question, as neither language builds middles to the reflexes of the aorist, but as far as it goes their evidence agrees with Indic: L veho, vexf; OCS vezp, vesu, PIE “wei,ho, “wei,h-s- ‘convey’ (cf. Ved. dvii{ 2sg. < “aviifss < “ewekss < “eweghss). Over the years the trend of scholarly
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Tyabji, Salima. "Letters from Europe: 1870." In The Changing World of A Bombay Muslim Community, 1870-1945, 191—C5P44. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192869746.003.0005.

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Abstract Amiruddin Tyabji (1848·1917) was the younqest of the six sons of Tyabjee Bhoymeeah. Like most of his brothers, he entered into the family business after being educated at school and university in England. He may not have been a particularly successful partner in the family business initially, but after his return to India, he became a dearly loved and extremely responsible member of the joint family. These letters were written from Le Havre, France, during 1870, where Amiruddin had been sent at the age of 23 in connexion with the family business, representing the firm of S. Tyabji and Co., which traded extensively with France and China. After a few lonely months, Amiruddin’s irrepressible good spirits and charm soon gave him a position in the society of the town: he became a sought-after young man, invited to balls and dinners, about which he writes home with great vivacity. These letters were written in English. At one level this reflects the extent of anglicization of the men in the family, a trend that was noticeable as early as the 1880s, when the men’s Urdu entries in the akhbar books were markedly more stilted than the women’s, but their English correspondingly fluent. At another level, the writer’s use of this language enables him to tum the view outward-it is the natural medium for one writing from Europe. It makes him open to the world in a way the use of Urdu would have perhaps inhibited.
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Conference papers on the topic "India`s trade"

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Kukutla, Pol Reddy, and Bhamidi V. S. S. S. Prasad. "Secondary Air Performance Optimization of a Combined Impingement and Film Cooled Gas Turbine Nozzle Guide Vane." In ASME 2017 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2017-4608.

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Multi-objective optimization of the film cooled holes for the coupled impingement-film cooled nozzle guide vane is conducted. Two objectives are considered to be minimized: coolant jet exit total temperature and static pressure drop, to assess the trade-off between them. Three-dimensional computationally using SIMPLE algorithm analysis and a k-ω SST turbulence model are used for generating a data base. The plenum mass flow rates and mainstream velocity are considered as the two design variables. The second order polynomial response surface method is chosen to develop the objective function approximation. The multi-objective optimization has been carried out with help of a genetic algorithm and sequential quadratic programing (fminicon) in MATLAB 7.11.0 (R2010b). The Pareto-optimal design points are obtained as the plenum coolant mass flow rate of 0.004kg/s and mainstream velocity of 10m/s. Based on these results, the global minimum coolant jet static pressure drop of 32.5 Pa and global minimum jet exit total temperature of 312K are observed for the film holes of the NGV surface. At these operating conditions, the coupled impingement -film cooled NGV is subjected to its higher safety and durability. This happened due to without cause of hot gas ingestion into the film cooled jets of the typically cooled NGV.
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