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1
Taunson, Jude W. "Stock index futures in Malaysia : does tick size reduction matters?" Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9886.
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This thesis investigates the impact of tick size reduction on spot index liquidity and in
turn on the inter-market pricing relationship between spot and futures indices. Three
empirical chapters are presented. The first study investigates the impact on the spot
index liquidity in emerging Malaysian capital market. To the best of our knowledge, we
are first to investigate this issue. We find higher trading volume following tick size
reduction. Further, we find lower mispricing between the spot and futures indices after
the reduction. This is an indication that traders benefit from the lower tick sizes. In our
second study, the price discovery role of the index futures is assessed. We find that the
index futures adjust to equilibrium level ahead of its underlying. Interestingly, the spot
index adjusts to equilibrium level at a higher speed in comparison to pre-reduction
period. This implies that the lowering of tick sizes facilitates better incorporation of
stock specific information. Altogether, the lowering of tick sizes seems to improve
index futures price discovery role. In our third paper, we investigate the effectiveness of
the index futures as a hedging instrument. We find evidence that the ability of the
futures in reducing price risk is greatly enhanced due to the positive impacts of the
lower tick sizes.
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Coe, Robert, and Soto César Merino. "Effect Size: A guide for researchers and users." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2003. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100341.
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The present article describes a method to quantify the magnitude of the differences between two measures and/or the degree of the effect of a variable about criteria, and it is named likethe effect size measure, d. Use it use in research and applied contexts provides a quitedescriptive complementary information, improving the interpretation of the results obtained bythe traditional methods that emphasize the statistical significance. Severa) forms there are of interpreting the d, and an example taken of an experimental research, is presented to clarify the concepts and necessary calculations. This method is not robust to sorne conditions that they candistort its interpretation, for example, the non normality of the data; alternative methods are mentioned to the statistical d. We ending with sorne conclusions that will notice about the appropriate use of it.El presente artículo describe un método para cuantificar la magnitud de las diferencias entredos mediciones y/o el grado del efecto de una variable sobre un criterio, y es llamado lamedida de la magnitud del efecto, de su uso en contextos de investigación y aplicados proporciona un información complementaria bastante descriptiva, mejorando la interpretaciónde los resultados obtenidos por los métodos tradicionales que enfatizan la significación estadística. Existen varias formas de interpretar el estadístico d, y se presenta un ejemplo,tomado de una investigación experimental, para aclarar los conceptos y cálculos necesarios.Este método no es robusto a ciertas condiciones que pueden distorsionar su interpretación, por ejemplo, la no normalidad de los datos entre otros; se mencionan métodos alternativos alestadístico d. Finalizamos con unas conclusiones que advierten sobre su apropiado uso.
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Ngundze, Unathi. "Statistical comparison of international size-based equity index using a mixture distribution." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012367.
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Investors and financial analysts spend an inordinate amount of time, resources and effort in an attempt to perfect the science of maximising the level of financial returns. To this end, the field of distribution modelling and analysis of firm size effect is important as an investment analysis and appraisal tool. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine which distribution best fits stock returns (Mandelbrot, 1963; Fama, 1965 and Akgiray and Booth, 1988). Analysis and review of earlier research has revealed that researchers claim that the returns follow a normal distribution. However, the findings have not been without their own limitations in terms of the empirical results in that many also say that the research done does not account for the fat tails and skewness of the data. Some research studies dealing with the anomaly of firm size effect have led to the conclusion that smaller firms tend to command higher returns relative to their larger counterparts with a similar risk profile (Banz, 1981). Recently, Janse van Rensburg et al. (2009a) conducted a study in which both non- normality of stock returns and firm size effect were addressed simultaneously. They used a scale mixture of two normal distributions to compare the stock returns of large capitalisation and small capitalisation shares portfolios. The study concluded that in periods of high volatility, the small capitalisation portfolio is far more risky than the large capitalisation portfolio. In periods of low volatility they are equally risky. Janse van Rensburg et al. (2009a) identified a number of limitations to the study. These included data problems, survivorship bias, exclusion of dividends, and the use of standard statistical tests in the presence of non-normality. They concluded that it was difficult to generalise findings because of the use of only two (limited) portfolios. In the extension of the research, Janse van Rensburg (2009b) concluded that a scale mixture of two normal distributions provided a more superior fit than any other mixture. The scope of this research is an extension of the work by Janse van Rensburg et al. (2009a) and Janse van Rensburg (2009b), with a view to addressing several of the limitations and findings of the earlier studies. The Janse van rensburg (2009b) study was based on data from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE); this study seeks to compare their research by looking at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) to determine if similar results occur in developed markets. For analysis purposes, this study used the statistical software package R (R Development Core Team 2008) and its package mixtools (Young, Benaglia, Chauveau, Elmore, Hettmansperg, Hunter, Thomas, Xuan 2008). Some computation was also done using Microsoft Excel. This dissertation is arranged as follows: Chapter 2 is a literature review of some of the baseline studies and research that supports the conclusion that earlier research finding had serious limitations. Chapter 3 describes the data used in the study and gives a breakdown of portfolio formation and the methodology used in the study. Chapter 4 provides the statistical background of the methods used in this study. Chapter 5 presents the statistical analysis and distribution fitting of the data. Finally, Chapter 6 gives conclusions drawn from the results obtained in the analysis of data as well as recommendations for future work.
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Miller, Brian Herbert. "Improved aerosol optical depth and particle size index from satellite detected radiance." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26590.
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Klink, Tammy. "Evaluation of nurses' perceptions of patients' weight status in relation to their own Body Mass Index (BMI)." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005klinkt.pdf.
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Farinah, Shiara Connell Lenda Jo Ulrich Pamela V. "Perceptions of the size, shape and attractiveness of female body scans relative to body mass index." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/FARINAH_SHIARA_52.pdf.
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Onur, Emine Mercan. "PREDICTING THE PERMEABILITY OF SANDY SOILS FROM GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1389550812.
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VanderSchaaf, Curtis Lee. "Modeling maximum size-density relationships of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29489.
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Self-thinning quantifies the reduction in tree numbers due to density-dependent mortality. Maximum size-density relationships (MSDRs) are a component of self-thinning that describe the maximum tree density per unit area obtainable for a given average tree size, often quadratic mean diameter (D). An MSDR species boundary line has been defined as a static upper limit of maximum tree density -- D relationships that applies to all stands of a certain species within a particular geographical area. MSDR dynamic thinning lines have been defined as the maximum tree density obtainable within an individual stand for a particular D which have been shown to vary relative to planting density. Results from this study show that differences in boundary levels of individual stands cause the MSDR species boundary line slope estimate to be sensitive to the range of planting densities within the model fitting dataset. Thus, a second MSDR species boundary line was defined whose slope is the average slope of all MSDR dynamic thinning lines. Mixed-models are presented as a statistical method to obtain an estimate of the population average MSDR dynamic thinning line slope.
A common problem when modeling self-thinning is to determine what observations are within generally accepted stages of stand development. Segmented regression is presented as a statistical and less subjective method to determine what observations are within various stages of stand development. Estimates of D and trees per acre (N) where MSDR dynamic thinning lines begin and end on the logarithmic scale were used as response variables and predicted as a function of planting density. Predictions of MSDR dynamic thinning line beginning and ending D and N are used in an alternative MSDR dynamic thinning line slope estimation method. These models show that the maximum value of Reineke's Stand Density Index (SDI) varies relative to planting density.
By relating planting density specific Zone of Imminent Competition Mortality boundaries to a MSDR species boundary line, self-thinning was found not to begin at a constant relative SDI. Thus, planting density specific Density Management Diagrams (DMD) showed that self-thinning began at 40 to 72% for planting densities of 605 and 2722 seedlings per acre, respectively.Ph. D.
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Agagliate, Jacopo. "A Mie-based flow cytometric size and real refractive index determination method for natural marine particle populations." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2017. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28674.
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Following the path of combining Mie theory and flow cytometry to assign size and refractive index to suspended particles in the steps of Ackleson & Spinrad (1988) and, more recently, Green et al. (2003a, 2003b), a Mie-based flow cytometry (FC) method was developed to retrieve particle size distributions (PSDs) and real refractive index (rRI) information in natural waters. The need for a technique capable of directly assessing both size and real refractive index of the particles was first established by carrying out a sensitivity analysis of the effect a spectrally complex refractive index and log-normal variations to commonly employed PSD models have on the optical behaviour of the particle population. The Mie-based FC method proper was then developed and tested, initially against standard particles of known diameter and rRI and secondly on two datasets, one of algal culture samples (AC dataset) and one of natural seawater samples collected in UK coastal waters (UKCW dataset).The method retrieved PSDs and real refractive index distributions (PRIDs) for both datasets. FC PSDs were validated against known algal sizes for AC samples and against independent PSDs measured via laser diffractometry for UKCW samples. PRIDs were then combined with FC PSDs and fed into Mie-based forward optical modelling to reconstruct bulk IOPs. These achieved broad agreement with independent IOP measurements, lending further support to the results of the FC method and to the employment of Mie theory within the context of optical modelling of natural particle populations. Furthermore, the unique insight offered by the FC method in terms of PSD and PRID determination allowed for the assessment of the individual contribution of particle subpopulations to the bulk IOPs, both by size (small/large particle fractions) and by particle type (inorganic/organic/fluorescent fractions). Lastly, PSDs and PRIDs were combined with literature-derived models of particle density, cell organic carbon and chlorophyll-A content, in an effort to explore the biogeochemical properties of the particle populations within the UKCW dataset. The models successfully estimated independent measurements of particulate suspended matter and (after an optimisation procedure) of organic carbon and chlorophyll-A content.
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Breytenbach, Marissa Cornelia. "Die invloed van gemeentedemografie op die fisieke aktiwiteit- en stressimptoomindeks by N.G. predikante / Marissa Cornelia Breytenbach." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/659.
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Research among ministers showed that they are experiencing high levels of stress
due to career demands and having to cope with problems on their own (Grosch &
Olsen, 2000:260). This has a detrimental effect on their health (Andrew, 1997:SO).
Participation in physical activity have positive effects on the physical and
psychological well being. Physical activity decrease work stress and increase
work satisfaction and -stamina (Dreyer & Strydom, 1992:28).
The objectives of this study was to determine the profiles of physical activity
participation and the incidence of stress symptoms in relation to congregation type
and congregation size in ministers, as well as the influence of physical activity on the
relationship between stress symptoms and congregation demography (type and size).
Congregation demography was divided into congregation type (location) as well as
congregation size (number of church members).
In this study a single cross sectional design that has been based on an availability
profile has been used. The subjects were 340 ministers of the Dutch Reformed
Church, who volunteered to participate in the study. The quality of participation in
physical activity was determined with Sharkey's (1997:432) physical activity index
The incidence of stress symptoms was determined with Burn's (1988) stress index and
the congregation demography was determined by a self-reported questionnaire.
The data was analysed by means of a one-way analysis of variance. From the data it is
clear that the majority of the respondents were physically inactive and have a low
incidence of stress symptoms in relation to congregation demography. The results of
the stress symptoms may be attributed to the fact that religion and belief in God may
play a vital role in the management of stress. Physical activity participation indicated
a statistical significant (p≤0.05) influence on the relationship between stress
symptoms and congregation demography. A highly practical significant difference
(ES≥0.8) existed between high active and low active ministers working in
congregations in rural areas. Physical activity participation also showed a moderate
practical significant influence (ES≥0.5) on the relationship between stress symptoms
and congregation demography (type and size).
It was concluded that physical activity presented a salutogenic effect on psychological
well-being among ministers and that congregation demography can influence physical
and psycho-emotional health threats of Dutch Reformed ministers.Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Flynn, Richard A. "Measurement of refractive index and size of microparticles by optical traps generated by vertical cavity surface emitting lasers /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3137217.
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Perrigan, Keith Samuel. "Is School Size Important? A Study of the Relationship Between School Size and Advanced Achievement in Public Secondary Schools in Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29984.
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The primary focus of the current study was to determine if there is a relationship between size of high school and advanced academic achievement as measured by the Virginia Index of Performance while statistically controlling for multiple combinations of the following variables; socioeconomic status, urbanicity of school, per-pupil expenditure, and student-teacher ratio. The combinations of variables used in the current study were determined by knowledge gained in the review of the literature.
Level of award on the Virginia Index of Performance, school enrollment, percentage of students receiving free or reduced lunch prices, per-pupil expenditures, student-teacher ratios, and school locale were collected for all high schools in Virginia with 9th-12th grade configurations for school years 2006-07 through 2008-09. A sequential multiple regression analysis was conducted using level of Virginia Index of Performance award earned as the dependent variable and school size as the primary predictor variable while statistically controlling for per-pupil expenditure, student-teacher ratio, socioeconomic status, and urbanicity in different combinations.
The analyses performed on the collected data revealed that school size, when other variables were accounted for, was not a significant predictor of performance on the Virginia Index of Performance incentive program. When the analyses were performed for Research Question 2, however, socioeconomic status was found to be a significant predictor of performance on the Virginia Index of Performance incentive program.
Multiple limitations should be noted when interpreting the results of the analyses. The main limitations to the current study were a restricted population of schools due to confines placed on grade configurations of schools included in the study and the initial criteria of making Adequate Yearly Progress for two consecutive years in order to be eligible to receive an award in the Virginia Index of Performance program. The combination of these restrictions resulted in a large number of schools being excluded from the current study. Due to the range restrictions placed on the studied population, the relationship between size of school and advanced student achievement could be stronger than reported. Future research should include a less restricted population of schools and other measures of advanced student achievement.Ed. D.
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Eriksson, Marit. "Body size and physical activity : epidemiological studies on children and young adults /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-240-8/.
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NAGASAKA, KEN, KOJI TAMAKOSHI, KUNIHIRO MATSUSHITA, HIDEAKI TOYOSHIMA, and HIROSHI YATSUYA. "DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDITY OF THE JAPANESE VERSION OF BODY SHAPE SILHOUETTE: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-RATING SILHOUETTE AND MEASURED BODY MASS INDEX." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10546.
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Mourato, Pedro. "How differently do our non-large companies listed on the Portuguese stock exchange perform?" Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9905.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsBehind the glamour of the largest and more mature companies listed on Stock Exchanges all over the world there is a much larger segment of companies also listed that tend to perform differently from the most visible ones. This visibility is also magnified by the fact that those large companies are part of the sample indices computed for most markets in order to translate the entire listed market with a small but manageable sample of companies. However, on many exchanges new indices have been created to place the different segments of the remaining listed market – micro, small and medium capitalization companies – under the spotlight of investors. This not only brings more visibility to these non-large firms, but also contributes to improving the liquidity of these companies and, more importantly, to uncovering the so-called Size Effect. Through the construction of a new MidCap share Index, this work aims to bring visibility to our companies that are not included in the PSI20 Index and check the existence of the above mentioned Size Effect in our market.
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Brym, Zachary T. "An Allometric Approach to Evaluate Physiological and Production Efficiencies in Tree Size for Tart Cherry and Apple Orchard Systems." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4970.
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Improving production efficiency is a major challenge for modern orchard systems. The primary response in horticulture is to develop high-density orchard systems that use dwarfing rootstocks and intense management strategies to maintain small tree size. As development and evaluation of novel orchard systems may help improve understanding of plant physiology for the development of high-density systems. The effect of tree size and architecture on physiological and production efficiency was evaluated for tart cherry (Prunus cerasus, P. mahaleb) and apple (Malus spp.) orchard systems using a physiologically driven modeling approach, called allometry. Branch dimensions, canopy dimensions and biomass were measured for 24-year-old tart cherry individuals and 10-year-old 'Golden Delicious' apple individuals on various rootstocks in experimental blocks at the Kaysville Research Farm in Davis Co., Utah. Tree size was related to annual fruit biomass that had been collected over the duration of the apple trial. Branch dimensions, canopy dimensions, yield, and fruit quality were collected in commercial tart cherry orchards of Utah Co.
Tree size, architecture, and biomass of tart cherry and apple expressed strong allometric relationships that were broadly consistent among the two orchard tree species and the theoretical expectations derived from wild plants. The most consistent relationship was the trunk diameter (or trunk cross sectional area) - stem biomass relationship, which broadly followed the 8/3-power law. Branch and canopy dimensions that include a measure of length, such as branch length and canopy height, demonstrated architecture indicative of high water efficiency and metabolic activity that is relieved from biomechanical constrains of weight bearing. The apple rootstocks differed from each other in production efficiency with individuals that express smaller branch and canopy dimensions producing a higher proportion of fruit relative to tree size. In the commercial tart cherry orchards, smaller individuals with relatively higher canopy height and spread expressed higher yield and fruit quality.
Overall, this research supported the continued development of training systems that maintain small trees to improve physiological and production efficiency. Further research must reconcile other consequences of intense management and overproduction that arise with the increased efficiency facilitated by small tree size and high-density orchard systems to maintain sustainable fruit production.
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Aghekyan, Marine Connell Lenda Jo Ulrich Pamela V. "The role of body mass index and body shape in perceptions of body attractiveness cross-cultural study /." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/AGHEKYAN_MARINE_4.pdf.
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Pissarra, João Miguel Sanches de Andrade. "Trend following performance with size and liquidity: evidence from US, Brazil and Portugal." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/12222.
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Neste trabalho, eu analiso a eficiência de se aplicar estratégias que identificam tendências em mercados de capitais, em três países diferentes, usando um conjunto de variáveis macroeconómicas. Em cada país, a estratégia é testada contra os índices de grande capitalização, pequena capitalização e o índice principal. Eu concluo que, ao combinar os sinais diários obtidos pela estratégia, é possível alcançar retornos ajustados ao risco superiores e reduzir as perdas possíveis do portfólio. No geral, enfatizo os benefícios de usar estratégias que exploram tendências para investidores avessos ao risco, obtendo retornos característicos de capitais próprios com a volatilidade característica de obrigações.
In this work project, I analyze the effectiveness of applying trend following like strategies to three different country’s equity markets, using a set of macro variables. Within each country, the strategy is tested against the large, small and main stock exchange indexes. I find that by combining the different strategy’s signs is possible to achieve better risk-adjusted returns and reduce portfolio drawdowns levels. Overall, I emphasize the benefits of trend following investment style to a risk-averse type investor, achieving equity like returns with bond like volatility.
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Rodríguez, Gabriel, and Dionisio Ramírez. "A Note on the Size of the ADF Test with Additive Outliers and Fractional Errors. A Reappraisal about the (Non)Stationarity of the Latin-American Inflation Series." Economía, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116900.
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This note analyzes the empirical size of the augmented Dickey and Fuller (ADF) statistic proposedby Perron and Rodríguez (2003) when the errors are fractional. This ADF is based on a searching procedure for additive outliers based on first-differences of the data named td. Simulations show that empirical size of the ADF is not affected by fractional errors confirming the claim of Perron and Rodríguez (2003) that the procedure td is robust to departures of the unit root framework. In particular the results show low sensitivity of the size of the ADF statistic respect to the fractional parameter (d). However, as expected, when there is strong negative moving average autocorrelation or negative autoregressive autocorrelation, the ADF statistic is oversized. These difficulties are fixed when sample increases (from T = 100 to T = 200). Empirical application to eight quarterly Latin American inflation series is also provided showing the importance of taking into account dummy variables for the detected additive outliers.En esta nota se analiza el tamaño empírico del estadístico Dickey y Fuller aumentado (ADF), propuesto por Perron y Rodríguez (2003), cuando los errores son fraccionales. Este estadístico se basa en un procedimiento de búsqueda de valores atípicos aditivos basado en las primeras diferencias de los datos denominado td. Las simulaciones muestran que el tamaño empírico del estadístico ADF no es afectado por los errores fraccionales confirmando el argumento de Perron y Rodríguez (2003) que el procedimiento td es robusto a las desviaciones del marco de raíz unitaria. En particular, los resultados muestran una baja sensibilidad del tamaño del estadístico ADF respecto al parámetro fraccional (d). Sin embargo, como es de esperar, cuando hay una fuerte autocorrelación negativa de tipo promedio móvil o autocorrelación autorregresiva negativa, el estadístico ADF tiene un tamaño exacto mayor que el nominal. Estas dificultades desaparecen cuando aumenta la muestra (a partir de T = 100 a T = 200). La aplicación empírica a ocho series de inflación latinoamericana trimestral proporciona evidencia de la importancia de tener en cuenta las variables ficticias para controlar por los outliers aditivos detectados.
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Cooksey, Tonya. "Relationships between Mother's Body Type/Size, Attitude Towards Physical Activity and Daughter's Body Mass Index and Physical Activity Score in African Americans." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/4.
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The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and physical activity level of daughters and their mothers’ body type/size and attitude towards physical activity in African Americans was investigated. 51 subjects were recruited. Subjects completed the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and an attitudinal questionnaire. Subjects’ height and weight were measured. Mother’s body type/size was found to be weakly associated with daughter’s BMI (r=0.28, p=0.051). Mother’s overall attitude towards physical activity was not associated with daughter’s IPAQ score. The results suggest mother’s body type/size and select components of the mother’s attitude are related daughter’s BMI and physical activity level.
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Gómez, de la Torre Sara, Susana Anda, and Garland Eduardo Bedoya. "Historical processes and structural factors of deforestation in the Amazon: the case of Tena, Ecuador (2014)." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119761.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze and describe the historical, institutional and structural factors of deforestation taking into account the dynamics of intensification or «extensification» of land use in the Amazon region of Tena in Ecuador. A first conclusion was finding the reproduction of an extensive pattern of agriculture in Tena as an important direct agent of deforestation. We believe that this agricultural system originates in historical processes from the sixties, when the state intervenes promoting certain policies of extensive land use, through road construction and specific mechanisms of land titling. The current social and institutional dynamics have failed to reverse such situation, since deforestation is still playing, although there is a tendency to close the agricultural frontier. The indicated form of farming and the corresponding rates of deforestation are played today as a result of structural factors, such as farm size, proximity to roads, the type of technology used and unfavorable market linkages.El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar y describir los factores históricos, institucionales y estructurales de la deforestación teniendo en cuenta la dinámica de intensificación o «extensificación» de uso del suelo en la región amazónica de Tena, en Ecuador. Una primera conclusión fue constatar la reproducción de una agricultura extensiva en Tena como un importante agente directo de la deforestación. Creemos que dicho sistema agrícola se origina en procesos históricos, desde la década de 1960, cuando el Estado ecuatoriano interviene fomentando ciertas políticas de ocupación extensiva del suelo, a través de la construcción de caminos de penetración y algunas modalidades específicas de titulación de tierras. Las dinámicas sociales e institucionales actuales no han logrado revertir tal situación, pues la deforestación se sigue reproduciendo, a pesar de que existe la tendencia a que se cierre la frontera agrícola. La indicada forma de agricultura y las correspondientes tasas de deforestación se reproducen en la actualidad como resultado de factores estructurales, tales como el tamaño del predio, cercanía a las carreteras, el tipo de tecnología utilizada y una desfavorable articulación con el mercado.
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Hughes, Ian Matthew. "FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE, SUBSTRATE PARTICLE SIZE, AND PHYSICAL HABITAT: AN ANALYSIS OF REFERENCE STREAMS IN THE WESTERN ALLEGHENY PLATEAU ECOREGION OF SOUTHEAST OHIO." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1149545083.
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Turner, Teresa. "Grade size and student achievement : the relationship between grade size, socioeconomic status, and student achievement of Mississippi public school seventh grade students /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1801444051&SrchMode=1&sid=24&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1258654225&clientId=22256.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Mississippi, 2008.Typescript. Vita. Committee chairs: Dr. Susan McClelland and Dr. Lori Wolff Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-80). Also available online via ProQuest to authorized users.
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Gunsch, Marilyn S. "The Effect of Wetland Size and Surrounding Land Use on Wetland Quality along an Urbanization Gradient in the Rocky River Watershed." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1221428755.
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Lamb, Molly Margaret. "The role of obesity and risk factors for obesity in the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2008.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Epidemiology, Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-92). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Adjei-Duodu, Thomas. "Physical, chemical and functional properties of tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus) selected from Ghana, Cameroon and UK market (Spain)." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3313.
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The tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) has attracted a lot of unsubstantiated health claims, yet there is a dearth of research investigation within Ghana specifically in the area of food product development. This study addresses the development of ‘functional bread and biscuit’ from tiger nuts obtained from UK market (Spain). The chemical constituents; carbohydrate, lipid, protein, dietary minerals and antioxidants, the functional properties of three varieties of tiger nuts obtained from Ghana (black and brown), Cameroon (yellow) and UK market (Spain) (brown) were investigated using standard analytical methods as well as the blood glucose response of healthy adults who consumed the developed bread. Tiger nuts were found to be good sources of carbohydrate (51-82g/100g) and lipids (21-37g/100g). The dietary fibre components ranged between 18, 1, 19 and 19g/100g for IDF, SDFP, HMWDF, and ITDF respectively, while the available carbohydrate as sugars were 45, 0.5 and 5g/100g for glucose, maltose and xylose respectively. Minerals that were found to be inherent to the crop were; potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc and selenium and do not depend on place of origin. The following ratios for Sodium/Potassium 0.04, Calcium/Phosphorus 0.13 and Calcium/Magnesium 0.28 were obtained. Tiger nuts had TPC ≥ 134GAE per g, DPPH and stability index of 0.9-8.7mmol/litre and 3- 4 respectively. In conclusion the tiger nuts originating from different geographical locations were good sources of health giving minerals and had diversity of physical properties and chemical constituents which could inform future research in the functional food industry. Tiger nut could be added to the Ghana food basket and the product developed from it could be a potential functional food because of its effect on glucose response and phytochemical contents. It could again be used to replace artificial antioxidants (BHA or BHT) which are used in the food industry to inhibit lipid and protein oxidation especially the black variety.
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Yang, Sheng-I. "Estimation and Determination of Carrying Capacity in Loblolly Pine." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80442.
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Stand carrying capacity is the maximum size of population for a species under given environmental conditions. Site resources limit the maximum volume or biomass that can be sustained in forest stands. This study was aimed at estimating and determining the carrying capacity in loblolly pine. Maximum stand basal area (BA) that can be sustained over a long period of time can be regarded as a measure of carrying capacity. To quantify and project stand BA carrying capacity, one approach is to use the estimate from a fitted cumulative BA-age equation; another approach is to obtain BA estimates implied by maximum size-density relationships (MSDRs), denoted implied maximum stand BA. The efficacy of three diameter-based MSDR measures: Reineke's self-thinning rule, competition-density rule and Nilson's sparsity index, were evaluated. Estimates from three MSDR measures were compared with estimates from the Chapman-Richards (C-R) equation fitted to the maximum stand BA observed on plots from spacing trials. The spacing trials, established in the two physiographic regions (Piedmont and Coastal Plain), and at two different scales (operational and miniature) were examined and compared, which provides a sound empirical basis for evaluating potential carrying capacity.
Results showed that the stands with high initial planting density approached the stand BA carrying capacity sooner than the stands with lower initial planting density. The maximum stand BA associated with planting density developed similarly at the two scales. The potential carrying capacity in the two physiographic regions was significantly different. The value of implied maximum stand BA converted from three diameter-based MSDR measures was similar to the maximum stand BA curve obtained from the C-R equation. Nilson's sparsity index was the most stable and reliable estimate of stand BA carrying capacity. The flexibility of Nilson's sparsity index can illustrate the effect of physiographic regions on stand BA carrying capacity.
Because some uncontrollable factors on long-term operational experiments can make estimates of stand BA carrying capacity unreliable for loblolly pine, it is suggested that the stand BA carrying capacity could be estimated from high initial planting density stands in a relatively short period of time so that the risk of damages and the costs of experiments could be reduced. For estimating carrying capacity, another attractive option is to choose a miniature scale trial (microcosm) because it shortens the experiment time and reduces costs greatly.Master of Science
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Barnes, Suzanne R. "Size Exclusion Chromatography of Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) Homopolymers and Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) Copolymers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24907.
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Size exclusion chromatography is the method of choice for characterizing molecular weights and molecular weight distributions of polymers. An important advancement in SEC is multidetection SEC which includes multi-angle laser light scattering, viscometry, refractive index and UV spectroscopy to analyze block and graft copolymers as well as polymers with oligomeric molecular weights. Oligomeric molecular weights present special challenges since the light scattering and viscosity detectors are more sensitive to higher molecular weights and both detectors have low molecular weight threshold values.
The molecular weights and distributions of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) oligomers and block copolymers as well as poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) were investigated by SEC using multiple detectors. Both a universal calibration method and light scattering were used to determine molecular weights and molecular weight distributions. The solvent was N-methylpyrrolidone that contained 0.05M LiBr used to minimize interactions among the polymers and solvent. SEC was used to establish that the diblock copolymers had heterogeneous compositional distributions. The low molecular weights of the diblock and homopolymer made it necessary to use the universal calibration method with combined refractive index and viscometry detectors to determine absolute molecular weights.Master of Science
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Sundqvist, Patrik, and Lisa Andersson. "A study of the impacts of land fragmentation on agricultural productivity in Northern Vietnam." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7623.
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This study examines the relationship between land fragmentation and agricultural productivity in Vietnam, as well as the outcomes of land consolidation programs on productivity. Data from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey 2004 and data on the land consolidation process was used for the regression analysis. The results show weak correlations between fragmentation and productivity. Land fragmentation seems to be positively correlated to productivity due to more use of fertilizers and labour input. The communes that have consolidated their land are more productive, but this seems to be explained by initial differences in productivity. Our results suggest that there are no immidiate gains in land consolidation.
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Kayanga, Andrew Mulindwa. "Essays in Corporate Governance: Issues and Evidence from Equity Carve-Outs." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/892.
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This dissertation consists of three essays examining the relation between corporate governance and firm performance. The theme of this study is that the widely documented long-term underperformance in equity carve-outs can be partly explained by weak corporate governance. The first essay presented in Chapter 2 explores the effect of shareholder-rights protection on the performance of a sample of firms that initiated a carve-out during the period 1983-2004. Using the Gompers, Ishii, and Metrick (2003) index and Bebchuk, Cohen, and Ferrell (2004) entrenchment index, as proxies for the quality of shareholder-rights protection, I provide evidence that firms with better shareholder rights protection outperform those with weaker rights protection. Results indicate that the weaker the rights protection, the greater the degree of underperformance. Overall, the results are robust to measures of firm performance and to model specification. The second essay presented in Chapter 3 examines the relation between firm performance and board structure. In particular, I study how board size, board independence, and CEO duality influence firm performance. I find that board size for non-financial firms is negatively related to firm performance but positively associated with performance for financial firms. Board independence is positively related to firm performance and CEO duality is negatively associated with performance for both financial and non-financial firms. These results are robust to various measures of firm performance. The conflicting evidence on board size, between financials and non-financials, seems to suggest that the scope and complexity of a firm.s operations drives board size. The third essay presented in Chapter 4 investigates corporate ownership and firm performance. I focus on insider ownership, outside blockholder ownership, and ownership concentration. Results show that insider ownership is negatively related to firm performance even at low levels of insider ownership levels. It is plausible that the combination of parent ownership and management ownership in the subsidiary exacerbate the entrenchment effect thus overwhelming the incentive alignment effects that theory posits. I document a positive relation between outside blockholder ownership and firm performance. And finally, I show that the level of ownership concentration increases (decreases) in anticipation of positive (negative) changes in firm performance.
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Betts, David Jensen. "Investigation of Potential Trapping Bias in Malaise Traps Due to Mesh Gauge, in Two Habitats." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2561.
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Malaise traps are a common tool for collecting insects used by many researchers. Although there have been variations in the models and materials used for Malaise traps, the potential for sampling bias due to mesh gague has been explored inadequately. This study compared coarse and fine mesh Townes model Malaise traps in two habitats on the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. The two habitats next to the Lick Wash trailhead were defined by dominant vegetation type – sagebrush and grasses or Piñon-Juniper. We collected from three sites per habitat type, over three consecutive days in June in both 2006 and 2007. A pair of Malaise traps consisting of one coarse mesh and one fine mesh trap were used at each site in order to compare differences in the diversity and in the average size of individuals collected by each type of Malaise trap. We measured diversity using both presence-absence data such as richness scores and Jaccard's Index of Similarity, and abundance-based measures of comparison, including Simpson's Index of Diversity and non-metric multidimensional scaling. We identified all individuals according to Order, and because of our interest in flies and their abundance, we further identified the Dipter ta to the Family level. Average insect size was determined by categorizing individuals according to one of 14 distinct size-classes. In sum, 71 samples totaling approximately 62,500 insects were identified and sized. Because we sampled from two adjacent habitats, we also discuss beta diversity across the sample sites. Although mesh-size appears to have a significant effect on the diversity of the catch according to some tests, not all of our analysis agrees. In addition, the gain in the amount of diversity collected by incorporating both mesh-sizes may not be worth the costs of that kind of sampling. Other means of collection may adequately make up that difference. Habitat on the other hand was a clear marker for difference in diversity. Size was not found to be significant overall, but there still may be reasons to examine the effect of mesh-size with respect to the Hymenoptera.
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Smith, David A. "Effect of particle shape on grain size, hydraulic, and transport characteristics of calcareous sand." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=764803691&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233275673&clientId=23440.
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Granado, Elvalicia A. "Comparing Three Effect Sizes for Latent Class Analysis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822835/.
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Traditional latent class analysis (LCA) considers entropy R2 as the only measure of effect size. However, entropy may not always be reliable, a low boundary is not agreed upon, and good separation is limited to values of greater than .80. As applications of LCA grow in popularity, it is imperative to use additional sources to quantify LCA classification accuracy. Greater classification accuracy helps to ensure that the profile of the latent classes reflect the profile of the true underlying subgroups. This Monte Carlo study compared the quantification of classification accuracy and confidence intervals of three effect sizes, entropy R2, I-index, and Cohen’s d. Study conditions included total sample size, number of dichotomous indicators, latent class membership probabilities (γ), conditional item-response probabilities (ρ), variance ratio, sample size ratio, and distribution types for a 2-class model. Overall, entropy R2 and I-index showed the best accuracy and standard error, along with the smallest confidence interval widths. Results showed that I-index only performed well for a few cases.
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Strauss, Ashley J. "Distribution of and relationship between medically classified weight and self-perceived body size across sexual orientation: An Add Health analysis." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch147993895681102.
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Trembleau, Mathieu, and Gustavo Hiodo. "CAN ONE OUTPERFORM THE MARKET BY INVESTING IN SMALL AND." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1233.
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This study deals with one of the efficient market hypothesis’ anomaly. The research aims at proving the
existence of a size anomaly by answering the question: can you outperform the market by investing in
small and mid caps? It is in fact a questioning of the well-know efficient market hypothesis (EMH). We
investigate the size effect in the situation of a passive strategy with different indices (Russell Indices and
S&P Indices) from 1995 to 2005.
The introduction gives to the reader the background he needs to understand the methodology and the
approach of the issue by the authors. Key concepts are defined such as EMH, passive strategy.
The second part exposes the methodology the authors choose and the methodology of exploited indices.
The research consist on measuring the risk adjusting excess returns by comparing the market index
return (S&P 500 or Russell 3000) and the Small and Mid Caps indices (S&P Small Cap 600, S&P Mid
Cap 400, Russell Mid Cap and Russell 2000) over the period. Indeed the methodology of indices is
exposing in details to understand in which extent the study can be influence by the construction of
indices.
Then in part 3 the authors describe theories that are possible explanations for the size effect. Then it is
understandable that the size anomaly is the result of a set of factors that generate abnormal returns.
These theories help the authors to come up with a model that gives an overview of the research.
After having explained their research method and reveal their empirical findings. The authors
demonstrate that excess returns can be earned by investing in small and mid caps indices even after
controlling for risk. The risk adjusting excess returns their findings can potentially be explained by the
other factors depicted in the theoretical part. E/P ratios, Trading Costs, January effect, Overreaction are
possible reasons to explain the size anomaly. They also find an instability and/or reversal of the size
effect consistent with one of the theories. However the authors find data with non statistic significance,
so I accept the null hypothesis that the excess returns of small and mid caps indices are equal to zero.
The paper ends with a discussion about the limitations of the study and possible further researches. The
authors conclude that even if the existence of a size effect is obvious for some years and horizons of
investment, the passive strategy appears to be an unsuited method to take advantage of the small effect
since the results reject the null hypothesis. The authors clarify the fact that before investing in small and
mid caps, one has to be aware of all the factors that can influence his investment (beside risk) because
the size effect is a set of factors.
Key words: Efficient Market Hypothesis, Abnormal returns, Size effect (anomaly), Passive strategy,
Market Index, S&P indices, Russell indices
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Vopicka, Charles Edward. "Estimating site productivity from non-site trees a site index based approach /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05302007-162117/.
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Dougherty, John Paul. "Three Essays on the Economic Sustainability of Drought Insurance and Soil Investment for Smallholder Farmers in the Developing World." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531672015876609.
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Silva, Janete Motta da [UNESP]. "Avaliação da variabilidade genética em uma população base de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh para fins de conservação e melhoramento genético." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106173.
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silva_jm_dr_ilha.pdf: 5229353 bytes, checksum: 26881a18397c496d59109ba02eed094d (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O Eucalyptus camaldulensis, espécie nativa da Austrália, é plantada com sucesso em vários países em função da sua superioridade na produção de madeira, em relação a outras espécies sob condições ambientais adversas, com destaque para tolerância ao déficit hídrico e à alta temperatura. Em abril de 1986 instalou-se uma população base de Eucalyptus camaldulensis, em Selvíria-MS, na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa e Extensão - Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP, constituída por 25 matrizes, sendo 13 (Lote 14517) procedentes da região de Nott’s Crossing, Katherine River, Austrália, e as 12 restantes pertencentes ao lote 13923 da CSIRO. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi investigar a variabilidade genética da população base e do teste de progênies, baseado na caracterização molecular (locos microssatélites) e quantitativa (caracteres quantitativos DAP, altura, forma do fuste, volume, brotação, densidade básica da madeira e resistência à penetração), para fins de conservação e melhoramento genético. Os caracteres quantitativos foram avaliados dos 20 aos 23 anos após a instalação da população base, sendo que aos 21 anos desbastou-se 83,33% da população base, baseado no índice multi-efeitos, transformando-se em uma população de melhoramento ou pomar de sementes. Em outubro de 2008 instalou-se um teste de progênies a partir de sementes de 136 árvores oriundas da população de melhoramento, e avaliou-se altura total de plantas aos seis meses após instalação do teste de progênies. A caracterização molecular ocorreu em 250 indivíduos da população de melhoramento e em 500 indivíduos do teste de progênies. A população base e o teste de progênies possuem alta variabilidade genética para os caracteres avaliados, mesmo após o desbaste seletivo. Existe seleção para heterozigotos...
Eucalyptus camaldulensis is Australian specie that is planted successfully in many countries in function of its superiority in production of wood in relation to other species in adverse environmental conditions, emphasis by tolerance to drought and high temperature. In April 1986 established a base population of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Selvíria-MS in Experimental Research Station, Engineer School of Ilha Solteira, UNESP, with 25 seed-trees, 13 (lot 14517) coming from region of Nott´s Crossing, Katherine River, Australia, and 12 belong to the lot 13923 CSIRO. The main objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variability of the base population and the progeny test based on molecular characterization (microsatellite loci) and quantitative (quantitative traits DBH, height, stem shape, volume, sprouting, wood basic density and penetration resistance), for purposes of genetic conservation and breeding. The quantitative traits were evaluated from 20 to 23 years after installation of the base population, and logging up 83,33% of the base population with 21 years, based multi-effect index selection, turning into a breeding population or seed orchard. In October 2008 it was installed a test progeny from seed of 136 trees coming from the breeding population, and evaluated total height at six months after installation of the progeny test. There was a molecular characterization in 250 individuals of the improvement population and in 500 individuals from progeny test. The base population and progeny test are highly variable genetic traits, even after selective thinning. There is selection for the heterozygous between progeny and adult phase, and the species has a mixed mating system, producing seeds by a combination of crosses with self pollination, with a predominance of crosses. The improvement population is isolated in terms of gene... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Klinka, Karel. "Trembling aspen site index in relation to environmental measures of site quality." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/666.
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Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is one of the most common tree species in the boreal and temperate forests of North America. It grows on many different sites and associates with a variety of tree species. In BC, aspen is frequent throughout all submontane and montane continental forested zones. Relationships between environmental factors and forest productivity have been the subjects of many studies. Most of these studies, using various topographic, soil, physical and chemical properties as independent variables, had limited success in accounting for the variation in SI over a large geographic area. The objectives of this study were (1) to quantify relationships between aspen SI and environmental factors at two spatial scales, and (2) to develop predictive SI models from easily measurable environmental factors.
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Klinka, Karel, David Morley New, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Western larch site index in relation to ecological measures of site quality." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/701.
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A silviculturist needs to know how productivity of all tree species under management varies with the ecological determinants of site quality, i.e., the environmental factors that
directly affect the growth of plants - light, heat, soil moisture, soil nutrients, and soil aeration. A good understanding of this variation is necessary for making biologically viable, speciesand site specific silvicultural decisions. Productivity of a given species is usually measured by site index (top tree height at 50 years at breast height age). Quantified relationships between site index of a given species and ecological measures of site quality provide predictive models for estimating site index for
all sites on which the species may grow.
Western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) is an important tree species in southern central and eastern British Columbia. It grows mainly in the IDF, ICH, and MS zones on moderately dry through very moist sites and on poor through very rich sites.
In view of this relatively wide ecological amplitude, a large variation in productivity could be expected. In the study summarized here, relationships between larch site index and selected ecological measures of site quality were examined, and a site index model using these measures as predictors was developed.
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Duval, Colin. "Evolution et diversité de la forme du cochon entre l'âge du Fer et la période moderne en Gaule et en France. Régionalisme, acquisitions zootechniques et implications historiques." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2004.
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Cette étude archéozoologique porte sur les variations morphologiques de différents éléments du squelette porcin (Sus scrofa domesticus) et s’appuie sur deux présupposés majeurs : (1) les changements morphologiques de l’animal sont le reflet des évolutions du contexte socio-économique ; (2) il existe une grande diversité des formes porcines, conditionnée par différents facteurs d’influence (environnement, stratégies agropastorales, habitudes culturelles, etc.). L’analyse menée, sur la base de tels postulats, tend à mesurer puis décrire ces changements et cette diversité pour tenter d’en comprendre l’origine et les mécanismes de progression. Pour cela il a fallu observer les restes dentaires et osseux de plus de 600 sites archéologiques, situés sur les territoires gaulois, français et italien, datés de La Tène moyenne à la période moderne, à l’aide de différentes méthodes de morphométrie géométrique et traditionnelle. De cette manière, il a été possible de constituer un solide référentiel ostéométrique pour le porc et d’atteindre ici une meilleure compréhension des pratiques d’élevage aux périodes gauloise, romaine et médiévaleThis archaeozoological study investigates morphological variations in different skeletal parts of the pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) according to two main assumptions: (1) the morphological changes of the animal reflect socio-economic changes; (2) there is a great diversity of pig’s forms, driven by different factors (environment, agropastoral strategies, cultural habits, etc.). Our analysis, based on these assumptions, tends to quantify and describe these changes and this diversification to try to understand their origin and mechanisms. For this we have observed the dental and skeletal remains of more than 600 archaeological sites, located on the Gallic, French and Italian territories, dated from La Tène moyenne to the modern period, using different methods of geometric and traditional morphometrics. In this way, we were able to build a strong osteometric framework for pigs and get new clues to a better understanding of farming practices for Gallic, Roman and medieval periods
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Lundgren, Anton, and Sara Ahlgren. "P/B i kombination med marknadsvärde : En studie på Stockholmsbörsen 2006 - 2016." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138819.
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Bakgrund: Denna studie är ett test av investeringsstrategi baserad på relativvärdering av multiplar. Den multipel som kommer att studeras som investeringsstrategi är Price-to-Book (P/B). Valet av multipel på P/B beror på att det är en väl omskriven multipel som fortfarande väcker frågeställningar avseende betydelsen av bokfört värde i kombination med marknadsvärde. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och analysera multipeln P/B som investeringsstrategi för aktier. Vidare syftar studien till att undersöka aktier med låga respektive höga P/B från de olika börslistorna Small, Mid och Large Cap på Stockholmsbörsen. Genomförande: Sex portföljer skapas baserat på låga respektive höga P/B från de marknadsvärdemässiga börslistorna Small, Mid och Large Cap på Stockholmsbörsen. Portföljerna ombalanseras årligen och följs mellan 2006 och 2016. Resultat: Fyra av sex portföljer har högre ackumulerad avkastning än jämförelseindex före och efter riskjustering. Dock hindrar svag statistisk evidens påvisande av överavkastning över tid. På motsvarande vis finnes svaga säkerställda skillnader i avkastning mellan låga och höga P/B. Ej heller förefaller det förekomma signifikanta skillnader i avkastning och risk mellan portföljer på Small, Mid och Large Cap.Background: This study is a test of an investment strategy based on relative valuation of multiples. The multiple to be studied is Price-to-Book (P/B). P/B is chosen because although previously researched, the implications of book values paired with market values are still not well understood. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine and analyze the multiple P/B as an investment strategy for stocks. Moreover, this study intends to examine stocks with low and high P/B: s from the Small, Mid and Large Cap on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. Completion: Six portfolios are created based on low and high P/B: s respectively from the market value-based stock exchange lists Small, Mid and Large Cap on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. The portfolios are rebalanced annually and are followed between 2006 and 2016. Results: Four out of six portfolios exhibit higher levels of cumulative returns than the chosen stock index before and after adjusting for risk. However, weak statistical evidence prevent conclusive showings of excess returns over time. Similarly, we find weak support for differences in returns between low and high P/B: s. Neither does there seem to exist significant differences in return and risk between the Small, Mid and Large Cap.
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Klinka, Karel. "Pacific silver fir site index in relation to ecological measures of site quality." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/662.
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Ecosystem-specific forest management requires comprehension of tree species productivity in managed settings, and how this productivity varies with the ecological
determinants of site quality, i.e., the environmental factors that directly affect the growth of plants: light, heat, soil moisture, soil nutrients, and soil aeration. A good understanding of this variation is necessary for making species- and site-specific silvicultural decisions to maximize productivity. Productivity of a given species is usually measured by site index (tree height at 50 years at breast height age). Quantitative relationships between site index and these measures of site quality provide predictive models for estimating site index.
Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Forbes) is an important timber crop species in the coastal forests of British Columbia. In relation to climate, its range in
southwestern British Columbia extends from sea level to almost timberline, and from the hypermaritime region on western Vancouver Island to the subcontinental region on the leeward side of the Coast Mountains. In relation to soils, its range extends from slightly dry to wet sites and from very poor to very rich sites. In view of this relatively wide climatic amplitude, a large variability in productivity can be expected. It is particularly important to consider the growth performance of Pacific silver fir when decisions
are made regarding whether or not to cut stands on high-elevation sites. In the study summarized here, relationships between Pacific silver fir site index and selected ecological measures of site quality were examined, and site index models using these measures as predictors were developed.
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Klinka, Karel, Han Y. H. Chen, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Trembling aspen site index in relation to site quality in northern British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/700.
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Accurate and reliable predictions of site index (height of dominant trees at a reference age, usually 50 years at breast-height) for timber crop species is essential for silvicultural site-specific decision making. Site index can be predicted from site quality once the relationship between site index and site quality has been quantified. Site quality is defined as the sum of all environmental factors affecting the biotic community, such as the factors directly influencing the growth of vascular plants (light, heat, soil moisture, soil nutrients, and soil aeration). Since these factors vary greatly in time, indirect estimates of site quality have widely been used as predictors for site index in various multiple regression models.
Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is the most widely distributed broadleaf species in British Columbia, especially in the Boreal White and Black Spruce (BWBS) biogeoclimatic zone. Growing this species for sustainable timber production requires a good understanding of its productivity attributes and accurate predictions of its growth. This extension note presents (1) relationships between trembling aspen site index and some indirect measures of site quality, and (2) site index prediction models using the indirect measures of site quality as predictors.
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Walters, David K. "An examination of methods for localizing site index equations." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80109.
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Equations for modeling the height-age pattern of forest trees or stands are typically developed for a given species in a specified region. In order to adequately model height-age patterns, the resulting equations are often quite complex. This study addresses the question of how to increase the accuracy and precision of the prediction of height-age relationships through the use of localized equations.
Although the pattern of height-age relationships of loblolly pine plantations was studied, the methodology should prove valuable for other species as well. The Schumacher logarithm of height-reciprocal of age model was fitted to data from loblolly pine plantations to attain an average guide curve. Various methods of localizing this equation to a particular stand were examined. The methods are based on empirical Bayesian, maximum likelihood, and Kalman filter theory. All of these methods employ the general concept of feedback in localizing the simple equation. The best of these various models is compared with the unadjusted model and a more complex polymorphic equation. The adjusted model compares favorably with these other two models.Master of Science
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Müller, Thomas. "Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen der Landschaftsstruktur und dem Vorkommen dreier Vogelarten." Bachelor's thesis, Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:520-qucosa-211816.
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In dieser Arbeit wurde der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit sich die Habitatansprüche von drei Brutvogelarten, der Offenlandart Feldlerche (Alauda arvensis), der Heckenart Neuntöter (Lanius collurio) und der Waldart Schwarzspecht (Dryocopus martius), mit Landschaftsstrukturmaßen darstellen lassen, und ob sich Landschaftsstrukturmaße für die Habitatmodellierung eignen.
Basis für die Berechnung der Landschaftsstrukturmaße ist ein Flächenschema des IÖR-Monitors aus dem Jahr 2013, welches aus Daten des AFIS-ALKIS-ATKIS-Modells (AAA-Modells) aufgebaut wurde. Dieses Schema bietet redundanzfreie Flächennutzungsdaten für ganz Deutschland. Da es nur flächenhafte Elemente enthielt, wurde es um gepufferte linienhafte Elemente, genauer um Hecken, Baumreihen und Feldwege ergänzt. Die Artdaten stammen aus dem Monitoring häufiger Brutvögel (MhB), ebenfalls aus dem Jahr 2013. Die Berechnungen der Landschaftsstrukturmaße wurden mittels ArcGIS-Modellen durchgeführt.
Für die Feldlerche und den Schwarzspecht wurden die Landschaftsstrukturmaße Mean Shape Index (MSI), Mean Patch Size (MPS), Anteil geeigneter Habitate (Percentage of Landscape, PLand), Total Core Area (TCA), Fläche geeigneter Biotope ohne anthropogene Störeinflüsse (Fl_ungest) und die Kantendichte der Landschaft (Edge Density, ED) berechnet. Für den Neuntöter sind es MSI, MPS, PLand, Fl_ungest, die Kantendichte und die Fläche geeigneter Gehölzbiotope und Hecken.
Es wurde aufgezeigt, dass teilweise höchst signifikante lineare Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Vorkommen der drei Arten und den Landschaftsstrukturmaßen existieren. Die damit erklärten Streuungen der Brutpaarzahlen sind allerdings relativ gering. Das Bestimmtheitsmaß B oder R² der Regressionsgeraden beträgt für die Feldlerche maximal 0,285 bei der Fläche ungestörter Habitate, für den Schwarzspecht maximal 0,332 bei dem Anteil geeigneter Habitate und beim Neuntöter lediglich 0,038, ebenfalls für die Fläche ungestörter Habitate. Der Grund hierfür ist, dass die Arten Ansprüche an die Habitate stellen, die sich nicht mit Landschaftsstrukturmaßen erklären lassen.
Die Modelle der multiplen linearen Regression sind ungeeignet, um Brutpaarzahlen der Arten vorherzusagen. Ohnehin war es nur für die Feldlerche möglich, ein solches Modell zu erstellen, das höhere Bestimmtheitsmaße aufweist als die einzelnen Landschaftsstrukturmaße. Deutlich bessere Ergebnisse wurden mit einem Modell erzielt, das die Eignung der Landschaft und ihrer Struktur als Habitat anhand einer Bewertungsmatrix beurteilt. Hier wurde bestimmt, wie hoch der Anteil besetzter Untersuchungsflächen an der Gesamtzahl von Untersuchungsflächen einer bestimmten Gesamtpunktzahl ist. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen Punktzahl und Anteil besetzter Flächen wurde mit teils nichtlinearen Regressionsfunktionen dargestellt. Der Anteil erklärter Abweichungen (R²) beträgt bei der Funktion der Feldlerche 97,1%, der des Schwarzspechts 88,5% und der des Neuntö-ters 49,3%.
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Fernandes, Felippe. "Enriquecimento geoquímico de metais em testemunhos de sedimentos, correlacionado com granulometria e teores de matéria orgânica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-16122015-112634/.
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O município de Viamão está localizado na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, no estado do Rio Grande Sul. A barragem Mãe d\'Água foi construída em 1962, com o intuito de atender à demanda da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, mais precisamente o Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas, porém, devido à falta de planejamento urbano, durante os últimos quarenta anos, vem acarretando uma diversificada série de passivos ambientais, como contaminantes orgânicos e/ou inorgânicos. Neste seguimento, o presente trabalho busca avaliar as concentrações dos metais Zinco e Níquel, teores de matéria orgânica e a composição granulométrica nas diferentes profundidades amostradas em testemunhos de sedimentos produzidos nesta bacia hidrográfica que compõe a barragem Mãe d\'Água. As coletas de amostras foram realizadas em junho de 2014, sendo amostrados quatro testemunhos sedimentares distribuídos no lago da referida barragem. Para a extração dos testemunhos foi utilizado um amostrador de núcleo \"Piston Core\". Os sedimentos da fração menor que 63μm foram destinados a análise química para verificação da presença e concentração dos elementos traço: Níquel (Ni) e Zinco (Zn). A metodologia de digestão ácida empregada é a EPA 3050, adotada pela U.S. Environment Protection Agency, sendo que as análises foram realizadas em duplicata e, para controle de qualidade, foram utilizados dois materiais de referência da USGS (U.S. Geological Survey): SGR-1b e SCO-1. Com os resultados obtidos, a caracterização granulométrica da sedimentação sob o barramento mostrou-se suscetível a contaminação por metais ao longo nas últimas décadas. Todas as amostras apresentaram concentrações de Zn e Ni acima do valor de background local e com padrões de crescimento, portanto, evidenciam a existência de enriquecimento dos sedimentos por estes elementos. Os teores de matéria orgânica quando correlacionados as concentrações de Zn e Ni evidenciaram o crescente enriquecimento nos testemunhos analisados, confirmando a alta afinidade destes elementos à sedimentos compostos de fração orgânica. O índice de geoacumulação para a maior parte das concentrações dos metais nas diferentes profundidades encontra-se caracterizadas como não poluída. Considerando que a área de estudo se caracteriza historicamente pela ocupação residencial, ações antropogênicas podem ser consideradas as principais provedoras dos passivos ambientais aos corpos d\'água.The municipality of Viamão is located in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul. The Mãe D\'água Dam was built in 1962, so that demands from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, more precisely the Institute of Hydraulic Research could be met. However, due to a lack of urban planning over the past forty years, the dam has caused several environmental liabilities, such as organic contaminants and / or inorganic contaminants. This manuscript addresses an evaluation of the concentrations of the metals zinc and nickel metals, organic matter content and particle size composition at different depths sampled in sediment cores produced in the watershed that comprises Mãe d\'Água. Four sediment core distributed in the dam lake were collected in June 2014, by \"Piston Core\" core sampler. Sediments whose fraction was lower than 63μm were subjected to chemical analyses regarding the presence and concentration of nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn). The acid digestion methodology employed was EPA 3050, adopted by the US Environment Protection Agency. The analyses were performed in duplicate and two USGS (US Geological Survey) reference materials, namely: SGR-1b and SCO-1 were used for the quality control. The particle size characterization of sedimentation under the bus has proved susceptible to metal contamination over the past decades. All samples showed concentrations of Zn and Ni higher than the local background values and growth patterns, which evidenced an enrichment of sediments. In comparison to the organic matter content, the Zn and Ni concentrations showed a growing enrichment, which confirmed the high affinity of these elements for sediments composed of organic fraction. The geoaccumulation index for most of the metal concentrations at different depths has been characterized as non polluted. As whereas the study area is historically by historically residential occupation, anthropogenic actions can be considered the main causes of environmental damage to water bodies.
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Klinka, Karel, R. E. (Reid E. ). Carter, and Christine Chourmouzis. "Relationships between coastal Douglas-fir site index and synoptic categorical measures of site quality." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/682.
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Knowledge of ecological characteristics of trees, sites and tree growth on different sites is fundamental for silvicultural decision-making and planning. With the biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification in place, silvicultural management in British Columbia has been given an ecological foundation; however, relationships between growth and site have not yet been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine how height growth of Douglas-fir within the drier portion of the CWH zone varies with site.
We adopted site index (m @ 50 yr bh) as a species-specific measure of forest productivity, recognizing that it indicates height growth performance at a selected point in time. If forest productivity is correlated with ecological measures of site
quality, what site factors should be used to quantify the relationships? Because of compensating effects, the numerous site factors can be reduced to four primary (synoptic) factors that directly affect plant establishment and growth: climate (light and temperature), soil moisture, soil nutrients, and soil aeration (not used in this study).
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Castro, Aline Maria Alencar de. "AVALIAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DO TIPO FACIAL NOS TAMANHOS DOS ESPAÇOS AÉREOS NASO E BUCOFARÍNGE." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2006. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1240.
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Previous issue date: 2006-03-07The variation in the sizes of the naso and oropharnyx space occurs due to genetic and/or enviromental factors. The reduction in the size of the nasopharnyx space, caused by the hipertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil, have been associated to alterations in the facial growth pattern and to harmful effects in the occlusion. The objective of the present study is to evaluate if there is variation in the size of the naso and oropharnyx space in agreement with facial growth pattern, evaluate the agreement with the VERT index and a possible sexual dimorphism. In the measurement of the spaces, were used lateral roentgenography of 90 patients, divided in three groups according to facial craniofacial growth, determined by the VERT index. The patients of the sample, with ages between 9 and 16, had nasal respiratory mode, without any kind of nasal obstruction. It was not observed variation statistically significant in the size of naso and oropharnyx, when compared the three facial growth pattern. Besides, it was not found correlation between the size of the spaces and the VERT index and a sexual dimorphism was not observed.
A variação nos tamanhos dos espaços aéreos naso e bucofaríngeo ocorre devido a fatores genéticos e/ou ambientais. A diminuição no tamanho do espaço aéreo nasofaríngeo, causada pela hipertrofia da tonsila faríngea, tem sido associada a alterações no padrão normal de crescimento craniofacial e a efeitos deletérios na oclusão. O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar se há variação nos tamanhos dos espaços aéreos naso e bucofaríngeo de acordo com o padrão de crescimento craniofacial, assim como avaliar a correlação entre os tamanhos dos espaços e o índice VERT, além de verificar um possível dimorfismo sexual. Na mensuração dos espaços, utilizou-se telerradiografias laterais de 90 pacientes, divididos em três grupos de acordo com o padrão de crescimento craniofacial, determinado por meio do índice VERT de Ricketts. Os pacientes da amostra, com idades entre 9 e 16 anos, apresentavam padrão respiratório nasal, sem qualquer tipo de obstrução. Não foi observada variação estatisticamente significante nos tamanhos dos espaços aéreos naso e bucofaríngeo, quando comparados os três tipos faciais. Também não foi encontrada correlação entre os tamanhos dos espaços aéreos e os valores do índice VERT de Ricketts dos pacientes e não foi observado dimorfismo sexual. XII
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Zinko, Ursula. "Plants go with the flow : predicting spatial distribution of plant species in the boreal forest." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Ekologi och geovetenskap, Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-315.
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