Relevant bibliographies by topics / Index of global environmental change

Academic literature on the topic 'Index of global environmental change'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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Journal articles on the topic "Index of global environmental change"

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Sol, Veronica M., Petronella E. M. Lammers, Harry Aiking, Joop de Boer, and Jan F. Feenstra. "Integrated environmental index for application in land-use zoning." Environmental Management 19, no. 3 (May 1995): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02471986.

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Milan, A., G. Gioli, and T. Afifi. "Migration and global environmental change: methodological lessons from mountain areas of the global South." Earth System Dynamics 6, no. 1 (June 22, 2015): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-375-2015.

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Abstract. The relationship between migration and environmental and climatic changes is a crucial yet understudied factor influencing mountain livelihoods in the global South. These livelihoods are often characterized by high prevalence of family farming, widespread dependence on natural resources, and high sensitivity to climatic changes. Except for a limited number of empirical case studies, the literature on migration and global environmental change has not yet moved beyond case study results to address and explain global patterns and specificities of migration in mountain areas of the global South. After an introduction to the topic, the authors present a new synthesis of three field studies combining household surveys, participatory research approach (PRA) tools and key informant interviews in Pakistan, Peru, and Tanzania. This article suggests that the systematic use of transdisciplinary approaches, with a combination of quantitative and qualitative empirical methods, is the key to understanding global migration patterns in rural mountain areas of the global South. The results of our synthesis suggests that survey data should be triangulated with PRA results as well as secondary data in order to build household profiles connecting vulnerability (measured through a multidimensional index) with human mobility patterns. Such profiles can be conducive to better understand the feedback processes between livelihoods and mobility patterns both within each case study and across case studies, helping researchers to draw general lessons.
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Milan, A., G. Gioli, and T. Afifi. "Migration and global environmental change: methodological lessons from mountain areas of the global South." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 5, no. 2 (December 10, 2014): 1711–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-5-1711-2014.

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Abstract. The relationship between migration and environmental and climatic changes is a crucial yet understudied factor influencing mountain livelihoods in the global South. These livelihoods are often characterized by high prevalence of family farming, widespread dependence on natural resources and high sensitivity to climatic changes. Except for a limited number of empirical case studies, the literature on migration and global environmental change has not yet moved beyond case study results to address and explain global patterns and specificities of migration in mountain areas of the global South. After an introduction to the topic, the authors present their empirical approach combining household surveys, Participatory Research Approach (PRA) tools and key informant interviews through its application in three case studies in Pakistan, Peru and Tanzania. This article suggests that the systematic use of transdisciplinary approaches, with a combination of quantitative and qualitative empirical methods, is the key to understanding global migration patterns in rural mountain areas of the global South. In the future, survey data should be triangulated with PRA results as well as secondary data in order to build household profiles connecting vulnerability (measured through a multidimensional index) with human mobility patterns. Such profiles can be conducive to better understand the feedback processes between livelihoods and mobility patterns both within each case study and across case studies, helping researchers to draw general lessons.
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Kulk, Gemma, Trevor Platt, James Dingle, Thomas Jackson, Bror F. Jönsson, Heather A. Bouman, Marcel Babin, et al. "Primary Production, an Index of Climate Change in the Ocean: Satellite-Based Estimates over Two Decades." Remote Sensing 12, no. 5 (March 3, 2020): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12050826.

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Primary production by marine phytoplankton is one of the largest fluxes of carbon on our planet. In the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in estimating global primary production at high spatial and temporal scales by combining in situ measurements of primary production with remote-sensing observations of phytoplankton biomass. One of the major challenges in this approach lies in the assignment of the appropriate model parameters that define the photosynthetic response of phytoplankton to the light field. In the present study, a global database of in situ measurements of photosynthesis versus irradiance (P-I) parameters and a 20-year record of climate quality satellite observations were used to assess global primary production and its variability with seasons and locations as well as between years. In addition, the sensitivity of the computed primary production to potential changes in the photosynthetic response of phytoplankton cells under changing environmental conditions was investigated. Global annual primary production varied from 38.8 to 42.1 Gt C yr − 1 over the period of 1998–2018. Inter-annual changes in global primary production did not follow a linear trend, and regional differences in the magnitude and direction of change in primary production were observed. Trends in primary production followed directly from changes in chlorophyll-a and were related to changes in the physico-chemical conditions of the water column due to inter-annual and multidecadal climate oscillations. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis in which P-I parameters were adjusted by ±1 standard deviation showed the importance of accurately assigning photosynthetic parameters in global and regional calculations of primary production. The assimilation number of the P-I curve showed strong relationships with environmental variables such as temperature and had a practically one-to-one relationship with the magnitude of change in primary production. In the future, such empirical relationships could potentially be used for a more dynamic assignment of photosynthetic rates in the estimation of global primary production. Relationships between the initial slope of the P-I curve and environmental variables were more elusive.
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Chen, Han YH, Pavel V. Krestov, and Karel Klinka. "Trembling aspen site index in relation to environmental measures of site quality at two spatial scales." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-179.

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To evaluate the variation in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) productivity at a large geographic scale, we examined the relationships between site index and environmental factors from 142 even-aged, fully stocked stands located on a variety of sites across interior British Columbia. Site index was derived from stem analysis and the environmental measures included climate surrogates (latitude, longitude, and elevation), biogeoclimatic zone, slope– aspect, actual soil moisture regime (SMR), and soil nutrient regime (SNR). The spatial gradients (latitude, longitude, and elevation), slope–aspect, SMR, and SNR affected aspen site index, but their relationships greatly varied with biogeoclimatic zone. At the provincial scale, these relationships were weaker than on the zonal scale. Among the models developed for predicting aspen site index, we recommend the zone-specific all-factor model for application, which explained 82% of the variation of site index and provided unbiased and precise predictions.
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Nara, Hideharu, and Yohei Sawada. "Global Change in Terrestrial Ecosystem Detected by Fusion of Microwave and Optical Satellite Observations." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 19, 2021): 3756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183756.

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The detection of global land change via satellite observation is a major challenge in improving the understanding of global environmental change. In this study, we develop a new vegetation index which can be used as a proxy for the fractions of tree canopy and short vegetation, based on the simple linear regression between microwave vegetation optical depth (VOD) and optical leaf area index (LAI). Although we use no high-resolution reference data, the newly developed vegetation index successfully detects global land change which has been reported by previous estimations based on high-resolution reference data. We find that the relationship between VOD and LAI is non-stationary and the temporal change in the VOD-LAI relationship is an important signal for detecting global change in the terrestrial ecosystem.
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Escobar-Pemberthy, Natalia, and Maria Ivanova. "Implementation of Multilateral Environmental Agreements: Rationale and Design of the Environmental Conventions Index." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 7098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177098.

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Global environmental conventions are created to address and resolve global environmental problems. Assessments of the achievement of specific environmental goals, however, indicate that there is room for progress and that improved collective action is required. Given the few existing studies that measure the implementation of international environmental law, it is important to expand existing analytical frameworks about international environmental agreements and their translation into national policies. This article explains the rationale and design of the Environmental Conventions Index, an implementation measurement tool we have developed at the Center for Governance and Sustainability at the University of Massachusetts Boston. The Index assesses the implementation of global environmental conventions in two clusters—conservation and pollution—showcasing the main trends for both countries and conventions. Using a mixed-method approach, we explain the development of this measurement tool as an instrument to inform policy changes at the national and global levels and present aggregate results of the analysis. As global environmental challenges in the conservation of natural resources and the persistence of pollutants become critical, assessment of countries’ performance on international environmental goals is essential. We offer an innovative method that provides academic analysis and policy input to improve implementation, and thus the effectiveness of these governance instruments in addressing global environmental challenges.
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Henning, Jason G., and Thomas E. Burk. "Improving growth and yield estimates with a process model derived growth index." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 1274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-021.

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Forest managers have long made use of the regular and predictable nature of tree growth by using empirical growth and yield models to update forest inventories. Updated inventories support better decision making without requiring on the ground reassessment of the forest resource. Growth and yield model predictions can suffer from inaccuracies due to the influence of climate and environmental variability on the growth of trees. Researchers have been attempting to assess and predict the effect of this variation by developing mechanistic process models that often do not generate outputs applicable to inventory update. Here we create a growth index dependent on process model outputs to improve growth and yield estimates. Estimate accuracy was modestly improved over the basic growth and yield estimates and was comparable to previous efforts to account for environmental variability in growth and yield estimates. Using a process model we are nominally considering the entire environment, and by adjusting the growth and yield estimates external to both model types we have avoided difficulties involved with refitting or recreating either model. These are key differences from previous efforts to include environmental variability in growth and yield estimates.
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Choi, Yongrok, Hyoungsuk Lee, and Jahira Debbarma. "Are Global Companies Better in Environmental Efficiency in India? Based on Metafrontier Malmquist CO2 Performance." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 12, 2020): 8359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208359.

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There is a rapid increase in inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) into developing countries such as India. Some researchers argue that FDI has a positive impact on sustainable development in terms of environmental efficiency and brings innovative green technology to the host country. In contrast, others claim that FDI brings considerable pollution to the host country, and their motive is only to yield profit. To address this issue, this paper analyzes environmental efficiency between FDI and domestic firms in India for seven years between 2012 and 2018. The research aims to evaluate the performance of FDI firms in terms of environmental efficiency in India after implementing certain policy regulations, nationally and globally. In this analysis, we use the non-radial metafrontier Malmquist CO2 performance index (NMMCPI) with three decomposition indices: efficiency change index, best practice gap index, and technological gap change index. Our empirical results indicate that domestic firms have performed well in terms of better catch-up and innovation performance. On the other hand, FDI firms only demonstrated higher technology leadership performance, indicating weaker catch-up performance and weaker innovation performance. From the results, we proposed that policymakers should harmonize between the FDI promotion and regulation in its sustainable performance because global companies are not sensitive to the local regulations, and not very proactive in implementing the global standard of eco-friendliness.
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Seynave, Ingrid, Jean-Claude Gégout, Jean-Christophe Hervé, Jean-François Dhôte, Jacques Drapier, Éric Bruno, and Gérard Dumé. "Picea abiessite index prediction by environmental factors and understorey vegetation: a two-scale approach based on survey databases." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 1669–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-088.

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Relationships between site index, environmental variables, and understorey vegetation were examined for Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the eastern part of France. The study area concerns all the native range of Norway spruce in France and the northeastern plains. The analysis is based on 2087 plots from the French National Forest Inventory database. The data measured on each plot cover topography, soil, geology, and vegetation. Additional environmental variables were estimated using two methods: climatic data estimated from a climatic model developed by Météo-France (AURELHY), and nutritional variables predicted from vegetation data and species indicator values. General linear model regression was used to predict site index as a function of environmental variables. The best model explains 64% of the site index variance and involves eight variables (elevation, mountain zone, topographic concavity, proportion of plot area occupied by rock outcrop, rock type, soil depth, pH, and C/N ratio). The two main results of this study are (i) the combination of large databases allowed the study of soil–site relationships and construction of a pertinent model, which covers a wide range of ecological conditions, and (ii) vegetation was found to be relevant to separate the effect of acidity from those of nitrogen nutrition on Norway spruce productivity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Index of global environmental change"

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Luna, Alfredo. "Implications of social movements in the present global environmental dynamics: the case of the United States." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119683.

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Social movements are mobilization groups of stakeholders who seek to change the status quo, given the unfavorable conditions regarding their demands, rights, warrants, etc. As a fundamental effect of the change, social movements become leading actors of institutional change. One of these effects is given in the environmental issues, in the use, control, legislation and appreciation of nature. The insurgent policies developed by these movements are, in the current context of globalization and development of information technology and communication, the center of analysis in this paper, focusing on the U.S. environmental movement. We, therefore, believe that insurgent policies determine the beginning of institutional change.
Los movimientos sociales son grupos movilizados de actores sociales que buscan cambiar el status quo dadas las condiciones no favorables en relación con sus demandas, derechos, garantías,etc. Como efecto fundamental de dicho cambio, los movimientos sociales se constituyen como actores protagónicos del cambio institucional. Uno de estos efectos se da en el tema ambiental, en el uso, control, legislación y valoración de la naturaleza. Las políticas insurgentes que desarrollan dichos movimientos serán, en el actual contexto de la globalización y desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, el centro de análisis de este documento, enfocándose en el movimiento ecologista de Estados Unidos. Por tanto, creemos que las políticas insurgentes determinan el inicio del cambio institucional.
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Dellinger, Myanna F. "Rethinking «Fuerza Mayor» in a World of Anthropogenic Climate Change." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118876.

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This article addresses the question of whether extreme weather events should form the basis for individuals or even the States, may be exempted from complying with its legal obligations.The old, but still very viable institution of force majeure can empower both companies and nations to absolve themselves of their responsibilities and duties. However, in a world where human-induced climate change is proven, could we say that such disasters are truly«natural»? Does it make sense, from a legal and factual matter, that they continue to allow the parties to be exempt from liability when modern science has shown that in all probability people, not some enigmatic power, have caused most universally of the problems that hold us harmless looking?Force majeure is based on the idea that the «man» somehow is separate from «nature». This article challenges this idea and argues that, in many cases, no longer makes sense to apply the institution of force majeure. At least, judges should be very careful in doing so for reasons of public policy and allocation of risks. In addition, the contracting parties must have enough caution to claim that they may be able to exempt themselves from future liability clauses appealing «force majeure».
Este artículo aborda la pregunta sobre si los eventos de clima extremo deben servir de base para que los particulares o, incluso los Estados, puedan eximirse de cumplir con sus obligaciones legales.La antigua, pero aún muy viable, institución de la fuerza mayor, puede facultar tanto a las empresas como a los Estados-Nación a eximirse de sus responsabilidades y deberes. Sin embargo, en un mundo donde el cambio climático antropogénico está probado,¿podríamos decir que tales desastres son verdaderamente «naturales»? ¿Acaso tiene sentido, desde un punto de vista legal y fáctico, que se les siga permitiendo a las partes eximirse de responsabilidad legal cuando la ciencia moderna ha demostrado con toda probabilidad que, las personas -no algún misterioso poder universal- han ocasionado la mayoría de los problemas por los que buscamos eximirnos de responsabilidad?La fuerza mayor se basa en la idea de que el «hombre», de alguna manera, se encuentra separado de la «naturaleza». Este artículo cuestiona esta idea y argumenta que, en muchos casos, ya no tiene sentido aplicar la institución de la fuerza mayor. Al menos, los jueces deben ser muy cuidadosos al hacerlo por razones de política pública y asignación de riesgos, así como las partes contratantes deben tener la suficiente precaución al pensar o pretender que pueden ser capaces de eximirse de responsabilidad futura invocando cláusulas de «fuerza mayor».
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Butler, Colin David, and Colin Butler@anu edu au. "Inequality and Sustainability." The Australian National University. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20030324.171924.

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Global civilisation, and therefore population health, is threatened by excessive inequality, weapons of mass destruction, inadequate economic and political theory and adverse global environmental change. The unequal distribution of global foreign exchange adjusted income is both a cause and a reflection of global social characteristics responsible for many aspects of these inter-related crises. ¶ The global distribution of foreign exchange adjusted income for the period 1964-1999 is examined. Using data for more than 99% of the global population, a substantial divergence in its distribution is found. The global Gini co-efficient, adjusted for national income inequality, increased from an already high value of 71% in 1964 to peak at more than 80% in 1995, before falling, very slightly, to 79% in 1999. The global distribution of purchasing parity power income is also examined, for a similar period. Though also found to be extremely unequal, its trend has not been to increased inequality. Implications of the differences between these two trends are discussed. ¶ A weighted time series index of global environmental change (IGEC) for the period 1960-1997 was also calculated. This uses nine categories of global time series environmental data, each scaled so that 100% represents the level of each category in nature prior to anthropogenic change; zero represents decline to a critical point. This index fell from 82% in 1960 to 55% in 1997, and will further decline during this century. ¶ Using evidence from several disciplines, it is argued that the decline in the IGEC correlates with major macro-environmental changes, which, combined with flawed social responses to scarcity and its perception, place at risk the ability of civilisation to function. This could occur because of the interaction of conflict, economically disastrous extreme climatic events, deterioration of other ecosystem services, regional food and water insecurity, and currently unforeseen events. Uncertainty regarding both a safe rate of decline and the tolerable nadir of the IGEC is substantial. ¶ Substantial reduction in the inequality of foreign exchange adjusted income is vital to enhance the development of policies able to reverse the decline in the environmental goods which underpin civilisation, and to promote the co-operation needed to maximise the chance that civilisation will survive.
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Krambeck, Holly Virginia. "The global walkability index." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34409.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning; and, Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-72).
Although a significant number of trips are made by foot in developing cities, pedestrian infrastructure, amenities, and services are often neglected in municipal planning and budgets. Since helping city planners understand the scope and extent of local pedestrian conditions relative to other cities would be a positive step towards improving the quality of the pedestrian environment, I was retained by the World Bank to devise a walkability index, which would rank cities across the world based on the safety, security, and convenience of their pedestrian environments. To accomplish this task, I first generated a list of Index variables by studying existing tools for evaluating non-motorized transport and by consulting experts from a variety of related fields. After considering different methods for survey area selection, field data collection, and data aggregation, I created prototypes of the index and survey materials and organized field tests in cities throughout the world, including Beijing, Washington, and Delhi. I also oversaw a full-scale pilot in Ahmedabad, India, where 65 volunteers from the Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT) conducted physical infrastructure, public agency, and pedestrian surveys in eight neighborhoods, which were selected using a random spatial sampling method. Results from these tests and pilot were used to refine the Index composition and data collection methodologies, resulting in a two-pronged tool. Since, out of practical necessity, the Global Walkability Index's robustness is limited by its simplicity (the Index is primarily intended to generate awareness of walkability as an important issue),
(cont.) I developed an additional set of Extended Survey Materials that may be used to gather more detailed, site-specific data for use in developing investment and policy proposals. The Index is burdened by at least two significant limitations, namely that the notion of walkability itself is not well understood, paving the way for widespread misunderstanding and that the Index requires that most of the data be collected in the field, which presents difficulties in terms of funding, translation, and quality assurance.
by Holly Virginia Krambeck.
S.M.
M.C.P.
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Elzen, Michael Gerardus Jacobus den. "Global environmental change an integrated modelling approach /." Utrecht : Maastricht : International Books ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1994. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5746.

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Leung, Wai-hung, and 梁偉鴻. "Global climate change: environmental implications for Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125343X.

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Leung, Wai-hung. "Global climate change : environmental implications for Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17457294.

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Thomas, Christopher Kent. "Global warming and world ecosystem distribution : toward quantifying ecosystem change." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67126.

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Cantin, Danielle 1967. "Response of Pinus banksiana (Lamb.) families to a global change environment." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68159.

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We examined how fast- and slow-growing families (based on height at 10 years) of Pinus banksiana Lamb. are affected by a climate altered by CO$ sb2$ during their first growing season. Our primary objective was to evaluate the possibility that genotypes performing best under present conditions may not necessarily do best under projected warmer climate. Seedlings were grown for six months in two climatic environments (350 $ mu$L/L CO$ sb2$ x present temperatures and 700 $ mu$L/L CO$ sb2$ x 4$ sp circ$C warmer temperatures) and with 100 ppm and 5 ppm nitrogen.
The CO$ sb2$T$ sp circ$ environment had a significant effect on most biomass components of seedlings and water-use efficiency but not on height and other growth variables. The nitrogen fertilization was generally the most significant effect of the treatments for most growth variables.
All the families responded in a similar way to variations in the growing environments except for WUE. Family differences were more important for measurements of height and growth variables than for biomass components. The architecture of seedlings was also highly variable between families. Norm of reaction graphs were built for several growth variables to outline which families were overall most successful in an enriched CO$ sb2$T$ sp circ$ environment. Of the 15 families studied, four of them were classified as most successful in a projected high CO$ sb2$T$ sp circ$ climate.
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Li, Ying. "Projecting Future Heat-Related Mortality in the United States under Global Climate Change." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/20.

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Books on the topic "Index of global environmental change"

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W, Corell Robert, and Anderson Patricia A. 1950-, eds. Global environmental change. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Moore, Peter D. Global environmental change. Oxford [England]: Blackwell Science, 1996.

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Corell, Robert W., and Patricia A. Anderson, eds. Global Environmental Change. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76067-9.

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Kondratyev, Kirill Ya, Vladimir F. Krapivin, and Gary W. Phillips. Global Environmental Change. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04941-9.

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Global environmental change. 2nd ed. Harlow: Longman, 1997.

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Hester, R. E., and R. M. Harrison, eds. Global Environmental Change. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847550972.

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Brauch, Hans Günter, Úrsula Oswald Spring, John Grin, Czeslaw Mesjasz, Patricia Kameri-Mbote, Navnita Chadha Behera, Béchir Chourou, and Heinz Krummenacher, eds. Facing Global Environmental Change. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68488-6.

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Kondratʹev, K. I͡A. Multidimensional global change. Chichester: Wiley, 1998.

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Slaymaker, Olav, Thomas Spencer, and Christine Embleton-Hamann, eds. Geomorphology and Global Environmental Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511627057.

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Schmidt, Anja, Kirsten E. Fristad, and Linda T. Elkins-Tanton, eds. Volcanism and Global Environmental Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107415683.

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Book chapters on the topic "Index of global environmental change"

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Baena Ruiz, L., D. Pulido-Velazquez, A. Renau-Pruñonosa, I. Morell, C. Llopis-Albert, A. J. Collados-Lara, and J. Senent-Aparicio. "An Index-Based Method to Assess Impacts of Global Change on Seawater Intrusion Problems." In Environmental Earth Sciences, 19–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69356-9_3.

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Myneni, Ranga, Yuri Knyazikhin, and Nicolay Shabanov. "Leaf Area Index and Fraction of Absorbed PAR Products from Terra and Aqua MODIS Sensors: Analysis, Validation, and Refinement." In Land Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change, 603–33. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6749-7_27.

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Mungai, Edward M., S. Wagura Ndiritu, and Izael da Silva. "Unlocking Climate Finance Potential for Climate Adaptation: Case of Climate Smart Agricultural Financing in Sub Saharan Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2063–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_172.

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AbstractClimate change has emerged as one of the greatest challenges faced by the world today. Adverse impacts of climate change are visible across sectors like agriculture and other natural resources due to increasing average temperature and changing weather patterns. Africa constitutes around 13% of the global population but contributes the least (around 2%) to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. Concerning the global climate vulnerability index, Africa is most impacted (around 21%) by climate change and its’ population is most vulnerable to climate sensitivity and fragility of the continent’s natural environment and increasingly erratic weather patterns, low adoption of climate-resilient technologies, and high dependence on environment-based livelihoods. Hence, Africa needs to adopt low carbon and climate-resilient development to address climate-related issues and to have sustainable development. In line with the low carbon/climate-resilient development agenda, 53 countries (except Libya) have submitted Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and have set ambitious targets under NDC and Sustainable Development Goals. A quick analysis of the NDCs and various studies indicates the enormity of the financing needs. According to Climate Invetsment Funds (CFI), Sub-Saharan Africa will require an estimated USD222 billion for climate resilience investments to reach its NDCs. One of the critical stakeholders to play a key role in meeting the financing needs of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) related targets is the private sector. There is around 98% gap in financing for CSA. Even though substantial climate finance potential exists in selected countries for the private sector, there are certain challenges and barriers like financial, policy, lack of awareness, and low provision for climate funding in the national budget.
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Harris, Paul G. "Climate change." In Global Environmental Politics, 123–42. Second edition. | New York: Routledge, 2018. | “First edition published by Routledge 2011”–T.p. verso.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315179537-8.

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O’Brien, Robert, and Marc Williams. "Global Environmental Change." In Global Political Economy, 242–60. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-34114-3_13.

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O’Brien, Robert, and Marc Williams. "Global Environmental Change." In Global Political Economy, 241–61. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52313-6_13.

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O’Brien, Robert, and Marc Williams. "Global Environmental Change." In Global Political Economy, 344–73. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-36614-5_13.

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Fleagle, Robert G. "Global Environmental Change." In Eyewitness: Evolution of the Atmospheric Sciences, 101–7. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-08-9_14.

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O’Brien, Robert, and Marc Williams. "Global Environmental Change." In Global Political Economy, 287–314. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-21290-9_11.

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Mazor, Joseph. "Environmental Ethics." In Global Environmental Change, 925–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5784-4_61.

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Conference papers on the topic "Index of global environmental change"

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Küçükbay, Füsun, and Tuğba Arpazlı Fazlılar. "The Relationship between Firms’ Environmental Performance and Financial Performance: The Case of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01742.

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In recent years, the number of firms that give importance to environmental problems such as consumption of natural resources, decline in water resources and global warming are increasing. However, the classical view of literature argues that firms’ environmental protection operations decrease the financial performance of them. For that reason, in this study, it is aimed to analyze the relationship between financial performance and environmental performance of the firms. The sample of the study consists of firms listed on Borsa Istanbul 100 index and has a climate change score declared in CDP Turkey Climate Change Report 2015. Climate change score is used for measuring environmental performance. Accounting (Return on Asset) and marketing measures (Market Value/Book Value) are used for measuring financial performance. The relationship between the environmental performance and financial performance of the firms compared with the help of correlation analysis. Findings reveal that there is a positive relation between financial performance and environmental performance. The correlation between market performance and environmental performance is weaker than the correlation between accounting performance and environmental performance. Moreover, multidimensional scaling technique is utilized to cluster the firms in terms of their financial and environmental performance. A map is formed with the help of multidimensional scaling that shows the relative positioning of the sampled firms due to their environmental performance and financial performance.
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MAGYARI-SÁSKA, Zsolt, and Ștefan DOMBAY. "Preferential Attachment in Modeling Climate Changes. Test Location: Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania." In Air and Water – Components of the Environment 2021 Conference Proceedings. Casa Cărţii de Ştiinţă, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/awc2021_15.

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Climate change is a fact that we face year after year. Although is a common syntagma its manifestation is different for various region of the planet producing not just global, but local anomalies and changes. In order to track these changes, we propose a network model with preferential attachment, vertices representing successive time periods. The test location for our research was Miercurea Ciuc, one of the coldest locations of Romania. We have developed a similarity index including different meteorological parameters such as air temperature, ground temperature, precipitation amount, snow depth and sunshine hours. Using this similarity index for preferential attachment and considering the appearance order of nodes representing periods on time scale we have created a network model which shows the similarities between these periods as they appear in time. Clustering the obtained graph model, we could observe that the created network model at monthly scale clearly shows up some of experienced characteristic at the study location.
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Sijakovic, Milan, and Ana Peric. "Sustainable architecture and urban design: a tool towards resilient built environment." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/nmbx1502.

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Simply understood as ‘seeking opportunities out of crises’, resilience seems to be a universal approach to cope with contemporary global challenges, such as changing climate, rapid urbanisation, loss of biodiversity, migrations, etc. As a majority of the current problems are of urban origin – i.e. they emerge in cities, where they also cause significant consequences on people, ecosystems and infrastructures, it is a city and its territorial sub-elements (district, neighbourhood, site, and building) that provide a prolific field for exploring the mechanisms towards resilient governance, planning and design. Under such an overarching agenda of urban resilience, in this paper, we focus on exploring the components of architectural and urban design as a tool for mitigating climate change. More precisely, as carbon dioxide emitted from the built environment is released into the atmosphere at an unprecedented rate, we explore the design patterns that help reduce CO2 emissions to finally lessen the vulnerability index of urban systems. Scrutinising the relationship between the climate change and construction industry, we elucidate the concepts like sustainable construction, green buildings, and design for climate, among others. Finally, through the assessment of the adaptive reuse project in London, this paper identifies strategies of sustainable architectural and urban design aimed at curbing the effects of climate change and helping increase urban resilience.
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Mariappan, Saravanan, and Fauziah Hanis Hood. "Way Forward for Construction Industry with Active Participation in Carbon Footprint Reduction for Sustainable Development using Geosynthetics." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0882.

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<p>Building green and sustainable for buildings and cities have become an important aspect to safe guard the environment and future generation. Opening up new land for townships with road and railway networks are vital for the nation along with government commitment for development and well being of ever growing population. In the past, mother nature’s well balanced ecosystem were compromised due to rapid industrialization and world wide development. Today, we are facing serious environmental deterioration with rising global temperature, sea levels, lost of rain forest, natural resources, extinction of species all at unprecedented levels, never seen before world wide. As we are heading towards uncharted environmental impact with mega scale of flooding, rainfall, typhoon wind velocity, prolong drought, early seasonal changes, it has become an immediate need for every citizen of the planet to safe guard the environment by reducing their carbon footprint. As the first step for carbon foot print reduction, we need to reduce carbon consumption in every aspect of our daily life starting with the building that houses us, cities that we works and live in and reduction in construction industries especially areas related to infrastructure and highway construction works. This paper will discuss the usage of alternative materials in construction industry, which can reduce carbon footprints and at the same time blend with the nature. New changes with adoption of technologies can be in cooperated as Green Highway and Infrastructure Index (GHII).</p>
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Wu, Ye, Tingting Yu, and Hong Leng. "Integrating the landscape vulnerability into developing rural places: a framework for rural landscape vulnerability evaluation from human-natural perspective." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/tanf6339.

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According to the formation of urban-rural structure in the process of global urbanization, rural area plays an important role in supporting the healthy, liveable environment in cities and villages. With the dual pressure of ecological environment change and rapid urbanization, the rural landscape has obvious problems, resulting in the degradation or even disappearance of rural landscape, and assimilation of rural civilization. In order to identify the rural landscape problems and reveal its formation mechanism, this paper proposes a specific framework to analyze the vulnerability indicators of rural landscape, to reflect the vulnerability of rural human-natural systems and explore the driving factors, and to propose corresponding planning strategies to cope with the vulnerability and shaping liveable places. The study focuses on the typical villages in representative county, located in Heilongjiang, China. Based on the vulnerability components of exposure, sensitivity and adaptation, we construct the evaluation index of rural landscape vulnerability, and use the comprehensive index method to calculate the vulnerability threshold of 12 typical villages, exploring the driving factors combining Factor Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. Further, the framework will propose a way to communicate with practitioners and policy makers on reducing or coping with landscape vulnerability. It can thus serve as a tool for targeting the implementation of policies and practices aimed at improving the liveable rural settlements environment in villages.
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Akkol, Mumtaz Levent. "GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING PROBLEM IN ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOLOGY." In 4th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/33/s12.040.

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Schade, Trent, and Michael Haufler. "Watershed Boundary Conditions for Global Change Impact Analysis." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)145.

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RIBEIRO, ADMILSON ÍRIO, ADRIANO BRESSANE, FELIPE HASHIMOTO FENGLER, REGINA MÁRCIA LONGO, ALESSANDRA LEITE DA SILVA, JOSE ARNALDO F. ROVEDA, MARCUS VINÍCIUS RIBEIRO, and GERSON ARAÚJO DE MEDEIROS. "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT USING A WEIGHTED GLOBAL INDEX: A METHODOLOGICAL PROPOSAL." In ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 2018. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eid180021.

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Hassan, Muhammad Qumrul. "GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND BANGLADESH ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-298843.

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Brachman, Steven D. "Getting to Zero Waste — Wisconsin's Efforts to Minimize Global Climate Change." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)313.

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Reports on the topic "Index of global environmental change"

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Nin Pratt, Alejandro, and Héctor Valdés Conroy. After the Boom: Agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002955.

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The convergence of a favorable macroeconomic environment and high prices of primary commodities between 2000 and 2011 contributed to the best performance of agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) since the 1980s, with steady growth of total factor productivity (TFP) and output per worker and a reduction in the use of input per worker. The end of the upward phase of the commodity cycle in 2011 together with less favorable external markets and a deterioration of the policy environment in several countries, motivates us to revisit the situation of agriculture in LAC in recent years to analyze how these changes have affected its performance. This study applies a framework that uses index numbers together with data envelopment analysis (DEA) to estimate levels of productivity and efficiency, incorporating technical change together with technical (TE) and environmental efficiency (EE) into the decomposition of TFP. The EE index adjusts the TFP measure for pollution, treating GHG emissions as a by-product of the desired crop or livestock outputs. TFP and efficiency of crop and livestock sub-sectors was calculated for 24 LAC countries from 2000 to 2016. Our results show that the period of fast agricultural growth in LAC, driven by technical change and resource reallocation, transformed agriculture in the region leaving it in a better position to cope with the more unfavorable regional macroeconomic environment and the less dynamic global markets observed after 2011.
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Werth, G. National Institute for Global Environmental Change. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5317011.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Food policy indicators: Tracking change: Global Hunger Index (GHI). Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/1024320720.

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Cotton, W. R., B. Stevens, D. Duda, W. Richardson, and G. Feingold. National Institute for Global Environmental Change. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/35364.

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Rayner, S. (Meeting on human dimensions of global environmental change). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6456301.

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Edward A. Parson and William C. Clark. Assessment strategies for global environmental change. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/764579.

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Toulopoulos, Athanasios. National Institute for Global Environmental Change. Final Technical Report 1990-2007. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1057706.

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Emery, Marla, and Donna M. Paananen. Humans, forests, and global environmental change: planning a social science research agenda. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-gtr-212.

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William C. Clark. Planning for an Integrated Program of Scientific Research on Global Environmental Change. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821468.

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Emery, Marla, and Donna M. Paananen. Humans, forests, and global environmental change: planning a social science research agenda. Radnor, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-gtr-212.

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