Journal articles on the topic 'Index F10.7'

AbstractFour tree ring-index site chronologies, representing standardised annual growth rates for spruce trees growing at high altitude sites in Colorado, have been employed as proxy data in a regression model for the annual variation of solar radio flux at 2800 MHz (F10·7) and the Catania sunspot area (Ac). These dendrochronological time series all exhibit significant power spectrum peaks at about 11 years and separately correlate with the annual values of Rz, F10·7 and Ac, as solar activity indicators. The two models constructed give the cyclic variation of F10·7 and Ac back to AD1673.

The objective of this research was to analyze the use of cultivar index selection (GARCIA, 1998) in the indication of superior genotypes of common bean for the northwest region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, in comparison to the other nonparametric indices used in plant breeding. The indexes of ELSTON (1963), MULAMBA & MOCK (1978), SCHWARZBACH (1972) and GARCIA (1998) were employed in the evaluation of 14 strains (F9 e F10) of common bean of indeterminate growth habit. The experiments were conducted in the municipalities of Bom Jesus do Itabapoana (2010 and 2011) and Cambuci (2011). The design employed was of randomized blocks with four repetitions. The traits pod yield (PRODV), grain yield (PRODG), average number of pods per plant (NMVP), average weight of pod (PMV) and average number of seeds per pod (NMSV) were assessed. The index of GARCIA (1998) proved to be more efficient than the other indexes, since it showed more correlation with PRODV and selected more productive strains. The recommended genotypes were: UENF 7-5-1 and UENF 7-6-1, followed by the genotypes UENF 7-10-1, UENF 7-12-1 and UENF 7-20-1.

In this study, possible ionospheric precursors of the Mw7·1 Van earthquake are investigated with temporal, spatial and spectral analyses. For this purpose, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data of 11 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations and 17 Turkish National Permanent Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) Network (TNPGN-Active) stations were utilised. In addition, Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) data produced by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) was used to obtain GIM-vertical Total Electron Content (vTEC) values for the epicentre. The results of the temporal and spectral analysis indicate an increase (2–8 Total Electron Content Units (TECU)) before the Van earthquake occurred on 9 October, 15–16 October and 21–23 October within 15 days, 8–9 days and 1–3 days prior to the earthquake. The Cross-Wavelet Transform (CWT) method was used to examine the presence of correlation between noticeable variations and space-weather. It is deduced from the CWT analysis that the anomalies should originate from either solar effects or the Van earthquake due to coupling between the F10·7 solar activity index and TEC variations on the anomaly days. The results demonstrate that interdisciplinary approaches and various methods including frequency domain could be used to determine the presence of an earthquake-related anomaly in the ionosphere accurately.

Abstract. Effect of the equatorward shift of the eastward and westward electrojets during magnetic storms main phase is analyzed based on the meridional chains of magnetic observatories EISCAT and IMAGE and several Russian observatories (geomagnetic longitude ~110°, corrected geomagnetic latitudes 74°F 51°.) Magnetic storms of various Dst index intensity where the main phase falls on 1000 UT - 2400 UT interval were selected so that one of the observatory chains was located in the afternoon - near midnight sector of MLT. The eastward electrojet center shifts equatorward with Dst intensity increase: when Dst ~ - 50 nT the electrojet center is located at F ~ 62°, when Dst ~ -300 nT it is placed at F ~54°. The westward electrojet center during magnetic storms main phase for intervals between substorms shifts equatorward with Dst increase: at F~ 62° when Dst ~ -100 nT and at F ~ 55° when Dst ~ -300 nT. During substorms within the magnetic storms intervals the westward electrojet widens poleward covering latitudes F~ 64°- 65°. DMSP (F08, F10 and F11) satellite observations of auroral energy plasma precipitations at upper atmosphere altitudes were used to determine precipitation region structure and location of boundaries of various plasma domains during magnetic storms on May 10-11, 1992, February 5-7 and February 21-22, 1994. Interrelationships between center location, poleward and equatorward boundaries of electrojets and characteristic plasma regions are discussed. The electrojet center, poleward and equatorward boundaries along the magnetic observatories meridional chain were mapped to the magnetosphere using the geomagnetic field paraboloid model. The location of auroral energy oxygen ion regions in the night and evening magnetosphere is determined. Considerations are presented on the mechanism causing the appearance in the inner magnetosphere during active intervals of magnetic storms of ions with energy of tens KeV. In the framework of the magnetospheric magnetic field paraboloid model the influence of the ring current and magnetospheric tail plasma sheet currents on large-scale magnetosphere structure is considered.Key words. Ionosphere (particle precipitation) · Magnetospheric physics (current systems; magnetospheric configuration and dynamics).

In our previous study, we identified a class of 4-substituted coumarins as a powerful microtubule inhibitors binding to the colchicine site of β-tubulin. H6 showed potent anti-proliferative ability with IC50 values from 7 to 47 nM, and remarkable ability to reduce tumor growth in several xenograft models including taxol resistant tumor models. However, the extremely hydrophobicity limited its clinical application. In this study, to improve the anticancer activity and reduce the toxicity of H6, we successfully prepared MPEG-PCL with different proportions and H6-loaded polymeric micelles (H6/MPEG2kPCL2k micelles) by a simple thin-film hydration method. The prepared H6/MPEG-PCL micelles had a drug loading of 3.79 ± 0.001%, an encapsulation efficiency of 98.00 ± 0.41%, a mean particle size of 30.45 ± 0.18nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.096 ± 0.009. Computer simulation results revealed a good compatibility of H6 and MPEG2k-PCL2k copolymer. In in vitro release study and pharmacokinetic study showed H6 micelles can release H6 over an extended period. Furthermore, H6 micelles possessed comparative effect as free H6 in inhibiting cell growth, preventing cell migration, and inducing apoptosis. Mechanism study identified that H6 is a novel reversible microtubule inhibitor. In in vivo studies, H6 micelles exhibited tumor growth inhibition on two pulmonary metastatic tumor models (B16/F10 and 4T1). Importantly, H6 micelles significantly improved the solubility, reduced the toxicity, extended the half-life of drugs, and augmented the therapeutic window. All these results imply that H6 micelles have great potential for suppression of tumor metastasis.

The experiment was conducted at the research field of Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during 2011-12 to find out proper combination of fertilizer nutrients of potato hybrid maize intercropping system for higher productivity and economic return. Ten fertilizer dose viz., F1= Control (without fertilizer), F2=260P72K148S48Zn4B2 (100% recommended fertilizer, RF for hybrid maize HM), F3=N180P40K180S20Zn4B1.2 (100% RF for potato), F4=N440P112K328S68Zn6B2 (100% RF for HM + 100% RF for potato), F5=N352P90K262S54Zn6B2 (80% RF for HM + 80% RF for potato), F6=N395P102K283S63Zn6B2 (100% RF for HM + 75% RF for potato), F7=N350P92K238S58Zn6B2 (100% RF for HM + 50% RF for potato), F8= N375P94K291S56Zn6B2 (100% RF for potato + 75% RF for HM), F9=N310P76K254S44Zn6B2 (100% RF for potato + 50% RF for HM) and F10=N320P73K170S50Zn6B2 kg ha-1 (BARI RF for potato hybrid maize intercropping) were tested on potato hybrid maize intercropping system. BARI Alu-8 (Cardinal) variety of potato and BARI Hybrid maize-7 variety of hybrid maize were used in this study. Maximum photosynthetically active radiation interception, leaf area index and total dry matter production of intercropped potato and maize were observed at the highest fertilizer level N440P112K328S68Zn6B2 kg ha-1 (100% RF for HM + 100% RF for potato). The highest tuber yield of potato (30.20 t ha-1) and grain yield of maize (9.48 t ha-1) were observed from fertilizer dose of N375P94K291S56Zn6B2 (100% RF for potato + 75% RF for HM). The highest potato equivalent yield (40.47 t ha-1), gross return (Tk.526110 ha-1), gross margin (Tk. 381957 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.65) were also observed from the same fertilizer rate. The results revealed that fertilizer dose of N375P94K291S56Zn6B2 kg ha-1 (100% RF for potato + 75% RF for HM) might be economically profitable for potato hybrid maize intercropping system.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(4): 633-645, December 2016

SummaryConstitutional deficiency in factor XI (FXI) is a rare bleeding disorder in the general population, with the exception of Ashkenazi Jews. During the last decade, the detection of FXI-deficient patients has shifted from clinical screening identifying mostly severe bleeders to biological screening combining findings of prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and FXI coagulation activity (FXI:C) below 50 U/dl. The goal of this study was to determine the molecular basis of FXI deficiency in western Brittany, France. Over the course of four years, we detected 98 FXI-deficient patients through biological screening, and 44 patients agreed to participate in this study corresponding to 25 index cases. We developed an efficient mutation detection strategy (combining direct sequencing and QFM-PCR to search for heterozygous rearrangements in a routine setting) that detected F11 mutations in 24 out of the 25 index cases. An unexpected allelic heterogeneity was found, with 14 different single point mutations being detected, among which nine are new. Moreover, a large heterozygous deletion of the entire F11 gene was detected, and was then further defined using a CGH array as a 4q34.2 telomeric deletion of 7 Mb containing 77 genes. We propose that the observed recurrent mutations may be considered as genetic tags of a population. This study highlights the importance of screening for large deletions in molecular studies of F11.

The study investigated in situ biosynthesis of albumin capped 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded gold nanoparticles (NPs) using bacterial extract for enhanced efficacy against MCF-7 and in silico prediction using a GastroPlus® software. The optimized formulations were characterized for morphology, size, zeta potential, drug loading (%DL) and entrapment (%EE), compatibility, in vitro drug release, in vitro hemolysis, cellular toxicity and apoptosis studies. The results exhibited highly dispersed albumin capped mono-metallic stable NPs. Spherical size, negative zeta potential and polydispersity index were in range of 38.25–249.62 nm, 18.18–29.87 mV and 0.11–0.283, respectively. F11, F7 and F3 showed a progressive increase in %DL and %EE with increased concentration of the cellular lysate (100% > 50% > 10%). The drug release was relatively extended over 48 h as compared to drug solution (96.64% release within 5 h). The hemolysis result ensured hemocompatibility (<14%) at the explored concentration. The biogenic F11 was more cytotoxic (81.99% inhibition by F11 and 72.04% by pure 5-FU) to the MCF-7 cell lines as compared to others which may be attributed to the preferential accumulation by the tumor cell and capped albumin as the source of energy to the cancer cells. Finally, GastroPlus® predicted the key factors responsible for improved pharmacokinetics parameters and regional absorption from various segments of human intestine. Thus, the approach can be more efficacious and suitable to control breast cancer when administered transdermally or orally.

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementing Bacillus subtilis on fecal microbiota of pigs experimentally infected with F-18 Escherichia coli (E. coli), in comparison to carbadox. Forty-eight weaned pigs (6.17 ± 0.36 kg BW) were individually housed and randomly allotted to one of four treatment (n =12): negative control (NC), positive control (PC), antibiotics (50 mg/kg of carbadox), and direct fed microbials (DFM, 500 mf/kg of Bacillus subtilis). The experiment lasted 28 days with 7 days before and 21 days after first E. coli inoculation (d 0). Pigs in the NC, PC, and DFM groups were orally inoculated with F18 E. coli for 3 consecutive days with 1010 CFU/3 mL/dose. Fecal samples were collected on d -7 and 0 before E. coli inoculation, and d 7 and 21 post inoculation (PI). DNA were extracted from all fecal samples to perform 16S rRNA gene sequencing at the V4 hypervariable region. All data were analyzed with QIIME2 (2019.4) and R. Chao1 index was greatest (P &lt; 0.05) in feces collected on d 0 before E. coli inoculation and lowest (P &lt; 0.05) on d -7 feces. Pigs supplemented with DFM had lower (P &lt; 0.05) Chao1 index than pigs fed with antibiotics on d 21 PI. Bray-Curtis PCoA displayed separate clusters among days but overlaps among treatments. Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were most (P &lt; 0.05) abundant on d -7 and lowest (P &lt; 0.05) on d 21 PI. However, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were most (P &lt; 0.05) abundant on d 21 PI. Pigs in the NC and DFM groups had greater (P &lt; 0.05) relative abundance of Firmicutes than pigs fed with antibiotics on d 0 and 7. Supplementation of antibiotics reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae compared with other treatments on d 0 PI. In conclusion, both animal age and dietary treatments influenced the fecal microbiome of weaned pigs.

Equations for non-destructive determination of chlorophyll b : a ratios in grasses were developed from reflectance spectra of intact leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and two barley mutants: clorina f2, which lacks chlorophyll b and clorina f104, which has a low chlorophyll b content. These plants enabled separation of effects of chlorophyll composition on reflectance spectra due to differential light absorption by chlorophylls a and b and to measure the effects of chlorophyll b on the contribution of fluorescence emitted by chlorophyll a to the reflectance spectra. Indices developed from these data were then tested on growth chamber-grown leaves from six C3 and 17 C4 grass species (7 NAD-ME and 10 NADP-ME subtypes). We used the chlorophyll b : a ratio because the data were less skewed than the chlorophyll a : b ratio. The best index for determination of the chlorophyll b : a ratio utilised wavelengths affected by chlorophyll absorbance: [R626 – 0.5 (R603 + R647)]/[R552– R626]. The chlorophyll b : a ratio was significantly lower in the C4 than C3 grasses, but was not sufficient in itself to separate these two functional groups. However, because of differences in fluorescence characteristics, C3 and C4 species could be distinguished by an index based on wavelengths affected by chlorophyll fluorescence: [R696 to 709/R545 to 567].

The oviduct is involved in many reproductive functions, including early embryo development. The epithelial cells that cover the oviduct produce oviducal fluid and could be used to recreate the invivo environment into which embryo development takes place. This study aimed to evaluate the co-culture of porcine embryos with a monolayer of porcine oviducal epithelial cells (POEC) and its effect on embryo development and quality. The POEC were obtained by pressing the isthmus (from diestrus sow oviducts) using slides and performing 3 cycles of vortexing and decanting in DMEM-F12 medium. Passage 1 cells were used for these experiments (POEC-1). Oocytes were obtained from follicular aspiration of slaughterhouse ovaries. Oocytes were invitro matured for 44h in TCM-199 supplemented with human menopausal gonadotrophin and cyclic AMP during the first 22h. Invitro fertilization was performed with 17°C-refrigerated boar semen for 4h in 100-µL drops of TCM-199 with caffeine, bovine serum albumin, sodium lactate, and sodium pyruvate (20 denuded oocytes per drop, 1×106 spermatozoa mL−1). Presumptive zygotes were washed and randomly assigned to one of the following groups for invitro culture: control (50-µL drop of NCSU-23 with sodium pyruvate and lactate), POEC-1 (same as the control+POEC-1 50 000 cells mL−1), POEC-1+FBS (same as the control+POEC-1 50 000 cells mL−1 and 2.5% of fetal bovine serum). Culture conditions were 7% O2, 5% CO2, 39°C, and humidity. On Day 2, the cleavage rate was recorded, and embryos were transferred to NCSU-23 drops with glucose and without cells. The blastocyst rate was recorded on Day 7. Embryo quality was assessed by counting the number of cells per blastocyst (Hoechst) and the apoptosis index (TUNEL-positive cells/total cells). Co-culture with POEC-1 significantly increased the blastocyst rate (control: 14%; POEC-1+FBS: 10%; POEC-1: 28%; P&lt;0.05 Chi-squared test) and allowed embryo hatching (control: 0; POEC-1+FBS: 22.2%; POEC-1: 7; P&lt;0.05 Chi-squared test). However, there was no significant difference in the number of cells per blastocyst (control: 58.6±6; POEC-1+FBS: 50.3±3.7; POEC-1: 50.6±4.8; nonparametric ANOVA) or in the apoptosis index (control: 8.1; POEC+FBS 8.3; POEC: 7.4; nonparametric ANOVA). The use of POEC-1 during the first 2 days of embryo culture enhanced embryo development and improved culture conditions, allowing embryo hatching. The effect on embryo development could be due to an effect of POEC itself or the effect of feeder cells. Other parameters of embryo quality should be evaluated in the future.

The oviduct is involved in many reproductive functions, including early embryo development. The epithelial cells that cover the oviduct produce oviducal fluid and could be used to recreate the invivo environment into which embryo development takes place. This study aimed to evaluate the co-culture of porcine embryos with a monolayer of porcine oviducal epithelial cells (POEC) and its effect on embryo development and quality. The POEC were obtained by pressing the isthmus (from diestrus sow oviducts) using slides and performing 3 cycles of vortexing and decanting in DMEM-F12 medium. Passage 1 cells were used for these experiments (POEC-1). Oocytes were obtained from follicular aspiration of slaughterhouse ovaries. Oocytes were invitro matured for 44h in TCM-199 supplemented with human menopausal gonadotrophin and cyclic AMP during the first 22h. Invitro fertilization was performed with 17°C-refrigerated boar semen for 4h in 100-µL drops of TCM-199 with caffeine, bovine serum albumin, sodium lactate, and sodium pyruvate (20 denuded oocytes per drop, 1×106 spermatozoa mL−1). Presumptive zygotes were washed and randomly assigned to one of the following groups for invitro culture: control (50-µL drop of NCSU-23 with sodium pyruvate and lactate), POEC-1 (same as the control+POEC-1 50 000 cells mL−1), POEC-1+FBS (same as the control+POEC-1 50 000 cells mL−1 and 2.5% of fetal bovine serum). Culture conditions were 7% O2, 5% CO2, 39°C, and humidity. On Day 2, the cleavage rate was recorded, and embryos were transferred to NCSU-23 drops with glucose and without cells. The blastocyst rate was recorded on Day 7. Embryo quality was assessed by counting the number of cells per blastocyst (Hoechst) and the apoptosis index (TUNEL-positive cells/total cells). Co-culture with POEC-1 significantly increased the blastocyst rate (control: 14%; POEC-1+FBS: 10%; POEC-1: 28%; P&lt;0.05 Chi-squared test) and allowed embryo hatching (control: 0; POEC-1+FBS: 22.2%; POEC-1: 7; P&lt;0.05 Chi-squared test). However, there was no significant difference in the number of cells per blastocyst (control: 58.6±6; POEC-1+FBS: 50.3±3.7; POEC-1: 50.6±4.8; nonparametric ANOVA) or in the apoptosis index (control: 8.1; POEC+FBS 8.3; POEC: 7.4; nonparametric ANOVA). The use of POEC-1 during the first 2 days of embryo culture enhanced embryo development and improved culture conditions, allowing embryo hatching. The effect on embryo development could be due to an effect of POEC itself or the effect of feeder cells. Other parameters of embryo quality should be evaluated in the future.

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of Bacillus subtilis supplements on fecal microbiota of pigs experimentally infected with F-18 E. coli. Forty-eight pigs (6.73 ± 0.77 kg BW) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of four treatments with 12 replicate pigs per treatment. Four treatments included negative control (NC), positive control (PC), single dose probiotics, and double dose probiotics. Pigs in the NC and PC groups were fed with basal diet but without or with E. coli challenge, respectively. Pigs in the probiotics groups were fed the diets either supplemented with 1.28 × 109 CFU or 2.56 × 109 CFU Bacillus subtilis/kg feed and challenged with E. coli. The experiment lasted 18 d with 7 d before and 11 d after the first E. coli inoculation (d 0). Fecal samples were collected on d 5 and d 12 post inoculation (PI) and fecal microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing at the V4 hypervariable region and compositional data was analyzed using QIIME2 (2016.6). Pigs in the NC group had less (P < 0.05) Shannon diversity index than pigs in the other groups on d 5 PI, but no difference was observed in Shannon diversity among all treatment groups on d 12 PI. Bray Curtis PCoA analysis displayed that pigs in both probiotics group were separately clustered from the NC and PC groups on d 5 PI. Supplementation of single or double dose probiotics reduced (P < 0.05) the abundance of fecal Firmicutes compared with NC and PC. Within this phylum, the abundance of Lachnospiraceae was increased (P < 0.05), but the abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Streptococcaceae was decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of Bacillus subtilis could modify gut microbiota of weaned pigs challenged with F18 E. coli.

IntroductionOrthodontic treatment and adenotonsillectomy (AT) are both conventional treatments for paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Each approach has distinct treatment advantages; however, there is currently a lack of solid evidence to support their efficacy comparison. We hypothesise that the objective effect of orthodontic treatment is not inferior to AT in children with moderate OSA and mandibular retrognathia, but orthodontic treatment has the advantage of promoting dentofacial growth.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, active controlled trial that will study the efficacy of orthodontic treatment versus AT in children with moderate OSA accompanied by tonsillar adenoid hypertrophy and mandibular retrognathia. A total of 98 patients will be enrolled and randomised in a 2:1 ratio to either orthodontic treatment or AT group. Participants will be recruited at Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai Children’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, which are all located in Shanghai, China. The primary endpoint is the per cent change in the obstructive apnoea–hypopnoea index from baseline (month 0) to the primary endpoint (month 7), and the mean reduction in A point, nasion and B point angle on cephalometric measurements by lateral X-ray films. Important secondary efficacy endpoints include sleep duration with oxygen saturation below 90% according to polysomnography and subjective symptoms (assessed by the OSA-20 questionnaire), etc. Safety endpoints will also be evaluated.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the ethics committees of Shanghai Stomatological Hospital (approval no. (2021)002), Shanghai Children’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University (approval no. 2021R046-F01) and Children’s Hospital of Fudan University (approval no. (2021)136). Before enrolment, a qualified clinical research assistant will obtain written informed consent from both the participants and their guardians after full explanation of this study. The results will be presented at national or international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR2000037288.

Creation of doubled haploid lines in wheat is a promising direction of research in Russia. However, the criteria for identifying good cross combinations, for which it is advisable to carry out androgenesis in vitro, have not been defined. One of these criteria could be the rate of heterosis in F1 or F2. The aim of this work was to establish the possibility of achieving the yield level of the F1 hybrid by the lines of later generations. The studies were carried out at the experimental fields of the FSBSI “Federal Altai Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnology” in 2017-2019. Varieties ‘Golubkovskaya’, ‘Omskaya 28’, ‘Saratovskaya 70’, F1 ‘Omskaya 28’ × ‘Saratovskaya 70’, F1 ‘Golubkovskaya’ × ‘Saratovskaya 70’, four breeding lines from cross ‘Golubkovskaya’ × ‘Saratovskaya 70’ and seven breeding lines from cross ‘Omskaya 28’ × ‘Saratovskaya 70’ were material for this research. Germination, survival rate, plant height, number of spikes per m2, plant biomass, number of spikelets per spike and grain per spike, 1000-seed weight, grain weight per spike and plant, harvest index, yield, duration of the “germination – ear formation” period, lodging resistance and leaf and stem rust resistance were examined. In three cases out of six, high-parent heterosis in the studied F1 hybrids was observed (yield increase – 3–19 %). Five cases of significant yield improvement in breeding lines compared to F1 hybrids were detected in 2017–2019 (additional yield 2–44 %). Lines exceeding hybrid F1 in the context of yield were taller (+5–30 cm), with more extended period “germination – ear formation” (+7–8 days), higher plant biomass (+1.24–5.16 g), a larger number of spikelets per spike (0.5–2.8 units) and larger number of kernels (+3.5–8.0 units). Pure lines of soft spring wheat can be compared in yield to F1 hybrid, from which they were obtained. This fact was possible due to the selection of lines for desired traits determined by recessive genes.

Abstract Background The main objective of the present study was to formulate, optimize and characterize solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with Atorvastatin Calcium (ATS) and Vinpocetine (VIN) as a potential drug delivery system to improve its solubility and assess its anti-tumor activity on cell lines. The SLNs were formulated by emulsification with high speed homogenization followed by probe sonication. Central composite design was selected for optimization. Drug: lipid ratio, surfactant: co-surfactant ratio and homogenization speed were considered critical process parameters (CPP) to study the effects on critical quality attributes (CQA) of SLNs i.e. particle size, percent entrapment efficiency (% EE) and percent drug loading (% DL). Results The optimized (F3) SLNs formulations were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X- ray diffraction (X-RD), in vitro drug release by dialysis bag method and stability studies. In vitro cell line studies were performed on HepG2, MCF 7 and melanoma B16 F10 cell line. The optimized F3 formulation showed a particle size of 323 ± 6 nm, poly dispersity index (PDI) 0.333 ± 0.02, Zeta potential (ZP) − 30.4 ± 0.66 emv with % EE 64.69 ± 1.1; 65.98 ± 0.91 of ATS and VIN respectively. In vitro release (F3) of ATS and VIN in PBS pH 7.4 was found to be 89.45% and 91.86%, respectively, up to 24 h. Conclusions In vitro cell line study demonstrated that SLNs enhanced the anti-cancer activity of ATS, VIN on all the stated cell lines when compared with free drugs. Combination index (CI) for HEPG2 was 0.8, which signified synergistic effect. The results exhibited that SLNs is effective, stable and had enhanced activity against HepG2, MCF 7 and melanoma B16 F10 cell lines.

Cyclodextrins (CDs) have a hollow bucket like conformations with hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic outer surfaces. These structures are well known in macro-molecular chemistry for their unique ability to form inclusion complexes with different organic molecules. These host-guest complexes were presented in papers for decades for improving solubility, permeability, stability and masking toxic effects of drugs. In the present study, we have designed the nanoparticles of βCD and HPβCD, using Pluronic F108 as cosurfactants for improvement in drug delivery using herbal hydrophobic drug curcumin as a model. And formulated nanosystems evaluated for average particle sizing, polydispersity index, zeta potential, ATR-FTIR, per cent encapsulation efficiency, in-vitro permeation and drug solubility. Both the systems produced colloidal solutions of particles size below 384.2nm with polydispersity index below 0.682, the zeta potential of -58.5 and -8.81, per cent encapsulation efficiency up to 13.5% and an increase in permeation and solubility up to 10 and 7 folds. Observed results of the present studies suggest that biocompatible, non-toxic nanosystems can be developed with different cyclodextrins to improve drug delivery

Background: A better understanding of the biopharmaceutical and physicochemical properties of drugs and the pharmaco-technical factors would be of great help for developing pharmaceutical products. But, it is extremely difficult to study the effect of each variable and interaction among them through the conventional approach Objective: To screen the most influential factors affecting the particle size (PS) of lipid nanoparticle (LNPs) (solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)) for poorly water-soluble BCS class-II drug like tamoxifen (TMX) to improve its oral bioavailability and to reduce its toxicity to tolerable limits using Taguchi (L12 (2 11)) orthogonal array design by applying computer optimization technique. Results: The size of all LNPs formulations prepared as per the experimental design varied between 172 nm and 3880 μm, polydispersity index between 0.033 and 1.00, encapsulation efficiency between 70.8% and 75.7%, and drug loading between 5.84% and 9.68%. The study showed spherical and non-spherical as well as aggregated and non-aggregated LNPs. Besides, it showed no interaction and amorphous form of the drug in LNPs formulation. The Blank NLCs exhibited no cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells as compared to TMX solution, SLNs (F5) and NLCs (F12) suggests that the cause of cell death is primarily from the effect of TMX present in NLCs. Conclusions: The screening study clearly showed the importance of different individual factors significant effect for the LNPs formulation development and its overall performance in an in-vitro study with minimum experimentation thus saving considerable time, efforts, and resources for further in-depth study.

<p align="center"><strong>CHOICE OF RATIONAL EXCIPIENTS TO CREATE "HYPERTRIL" TABLETS BY DIRECT PRESSING</strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Report 1. “Investigation of the effect of excipients on the technological characteristics of the hypertril's powder masses”</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong>N.V. Parnyuk, L.I. Kucherenko, O. O. Portna</strong></p><p align="center">Zaporozhye State Medical University, Zaporozhye</p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> hypertril, excipients, powders masses, direct pressing</em></p><p><strong>Introduction</strong></p><p>Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death in the Ukraine and in the world, but in the Ukrainian society awareness of the risk factors is very low, and mortality - is very high. Arterial hypertension (AH) is the most common among the pathologies of the cardiovascular system.</p><p>Staff members of SPA "Farmatron" (Zaporizhzhia) in collaboration with the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University synthesized new original compound bromide 1- (β-<em> </em>phenylethyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole and got the certificate of trademark called "Hypertril". During pharmacological studies, we revealed that hypertril has combined properties of cardioselective ß₁- adrenoceptor blocking agent and peripheral vasodilator, thus showing antihypertensive, antiischemic and antioxidant properties. Systematic preclinical studies of hypertril as antihypertensive drug made it possible to establish ED (effective dose) of 50 to animal and predict the advisability of its taking to human in dose of 20 mg per reception. In the course of studying the literature sources we came to the conclusion that drugs for the treatment of hypertension are used for a long time. Most drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases are used in tablet form. Based on the foregoing, it is urgent to develop technology of tablets based on "Hypertril" containing 20 mg of active ingredient.</p><p>Thus, the <strong>aim of our work</strong> is the development of technology of "Hypertril" tablets with 20 mg of active ingredient.</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods</strong></p><p>The studies of rational choice of excipients to create "Hypertril" tablets by direct pressing were undertaked. We studied six excipients groups having different physical and technological properties.</p><p> We studied 30 excipients, most of which appeared on the market in recent years and have no examples in pharmaceutical technology for tablet drugs creating. One tablet contained 0.02g of hypertril, 0.082 g samples of MCC (microcrystalline cellulose) (factor A), 0.040g of sugar sample (factor B), 0.010g of disintegrant (factor C), 0.040g of crystalline substances (factor D), 0,006g of glidants (factor E) and 0.002g lubricants (factor F).</p><p>In the study of six qualitative factors we used one of the plans of analysis of variance – six-factor experiment based on Hyper-Greco-Latin square. Based on this carried out analysis we concluded the impact of studied factors on pharmaco-technological properties of the hypertril powder masses.</p><p><strong>Research results</strong></p><p>The results of analysis of variance showed that all six studied factors as follows: D&gt; A&gt; C&gt; F&gt; E&gt; B affect hypertril’s free bulk of powder blend; after shrinkage - A&gt; D&gt; C&gt; E &gt; B&gt; F affect hypertril’s tapped bulk density, also all the factors affect flow powder blend: D&gt; E&gt; B&gt; A&gt; C&gt; F, angle of natural repose of hypertril’s powders - D&gt; C&gt; E&gt; A&gt; B&gt; F.</p><p>In the study of powder masses on indicants of free bulk of powder blend, tapped bulk density, fluidity and angle of natural repose, we found that in most series of experiments powder masses have technological properties that indicate the possibility of tablets’ creating by direct pressing.</p><p>The studies have shown that studied six groups of excipients manifest "leaders" in effect on one or another pharmaco-technological powder masses index.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p><ol><li>The effect of six excipients groups on technological characteristics of hypertril’s powder masses is studied.</li><li>In most series of experiments, powder masses have technological properties that indicate the possibility of tablets’ creating by direct pressing.</li></ol><p><strong>References</strong><br /> 1. 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