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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Independent Textile Union of America

Academic literature on the topic 'Independent Textile Union of America'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 27 July 2024

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Independent Textile Union of America"

1

Lichtenstein, Alex. "Challenging ‘umthetho we femu’ (the law of the firm): gender relations and shop-floor battles for union recognition in Natal's textile industry, 1973–85." Africa 87, no. 1 (January 27, 2017): 100–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972016000711.

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AbstractAs part of a growing working-class movement that sought full legal status as employees in South Africa, stable urban residence and union recognition, female African factory workers became part of a dynamic new labour movement emanating from the shop floor. At the same time, this new role allowed them to challenge patriarchal structures of authority in the factory, the community and the home. This article examines the gender dimension of a bitter inter-union rivalry that beset Durban's Frame textile complex during the early 1980s. With African unions at last recognized by the apartheid state, Frame sought to bolster the strength of a compliant company union in order to thwart the organizing drive of a more confrontational independent union, an affiliate of the newly established Federation of South African Trade Unions (FOSATU). This union rivalry was fought out in the courts as well as inside the factory, in the streets of Durban's townships, and in an African workers’ hostel in nearby Clermont. The legal dispute generated affidavits by women workers attesting to the pressures they faced to join the company union and their reasons for preferring FOSATU. This evidence shows that African women successfully challenged the patriarchal authority of male managers, security personnel, indunas and male co-workers at Frame in order to join an independent union.

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Durie, Brian G. M., and Hardy Jones. "New Bioaccumulations of Toxins in Resident Coastal Dolphins Signal Dangers of Human Myeloma." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 5062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.5062.5062.

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Abstract Dolphins and humans are exposed to the same toxins in seafood. Over 2 billion people worldwide rely on seafood as their major source of protein and 60% of people live in coastal areas. Resident coastal dolphins are exposed to marine pollution in the same fashion as humans who frequently consume seafood, thus any indication of disease in dolphins has implications both for humans who eat regularly from the same areas and/or are otherwise exposed to the same toxins. Although ecotoxicologic studies of marine environments are very complex, (Irwin: Aquatic Mammals 31: 195–225, 2005), the bottlenose dolphin is a sentinel species for biomonitoring purposes. Tissue levels of many known carcinogens such as DDT, DDE, dioxins (e.g. PCDDs and 2,3,7,8 TCDD), BaP, PAHs, and more recently PFC and PBDEs (water repellants and fire retardants), reflect bioaccumulation in both dolphins and humans. Target sites where human and dolphin disease have been contrasted and compared are: North America (Alaska; Puget Sound; San Francisco Bay; Gulf Coast and Florida; St. Lawrence Seaway); Japan (Osaka Bay); Sweden; Coastal UK and Hong Kong (Pearl River estuary). For Alaska, Florida, Japan, Sweden and coastal UK, there are highly significant correlations between fish contamination/consumption and excess risk of human myeloma. In Alaska, Inuit men eat contaminated fish, have high organochloride (dioxins) levels in blood and tissues and an increased risk of myeloma. Likewise for Swedish fisherman comparing Baltic (more contamination) versus west coast levels of dioxins and myeloma. In Japan, a case control study provides a highly significant odds ratio of 5.89 for agriculture/fisheries as occupational factors. A separate study gives an annual age adjusted incidence of 7.03/100,000 for the Osaka Bay fishing region. Around Lake Okeechobee Florida an incidence rate of 6.52/100,000 correlates with both contamination and commercial fishing licenses. Although dolphins share most human mammalian genes, including CYP1A and CYP2B, they lack the ability to adequately catabolize type I and II dioxins, which therefore preferentially accumulate. Unfortunately, observed results of these bioaccumulations are suppressed immunity, infections and cancers particularly B-cell lymphomas and “myeloma-like” immunoblastic lymphomas (Bossart: J. Vet Diagn Invest 9: 454–458, 1997). This pattern of diseases in turn corresponds with the local and systemic effects exemplified in Balb/c mice during pristine-induced plasmacytogenesis and in humans exposed to toxins. Newly recognized persistent organic pollutants such as water repellants (PFCs) and flame-retardants (PBDEs) are a particular concern, both because of rapid recent bioaccumulation in dolphins with associated disease manifestations plus the potential for wide global dispersal and diverse routes of human exposure. Numerous consumer goods contain PBDEs, including electronics, carpets, furniture and textiles. Genetic studies help refine probability calculations to assess risk using the union rule for independent events. Studies are now underway to correlate recent bioaccumulations in dolphins and humans, genetic predisposition and myeloma onset. Probability calculations for risk of developing myeloma will support interventions to reduce both contamination of the marine environment and elimination of human toxin exposures.

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Greenlees, Janet. "Workplace Health and Gender among Cotton Workers in America and Britain, c.1880s–1940s." International Review of Social History 61, no. 3 (December 2016): 459–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859016000493.

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AbstractThis article clarifies the differences between occupational health and workplace health and reveals how the two overlap. It unravels a multi-layered narrative about cotton textile workers’ understandings and experiences of ill-health at work in America and Britain, utilizing a combination of oral histories, government documents, company and union records, and the trade press. It aims to identify the multiple influences on contemporary debates about health at work. Contrary to current historiography, I argue that gender was only occasionally important to such discussions among workers, and that gender did not significantly influence their responses to unhealthy conditions. Workers’ understandings of, and responses to, workplace hazards were individual and related to knowledge about risk, ill-health and socioeconomic factors. American and British workers’ understandings of and responses to their working environment reveals more convergence than divergence, suggesting a universal human response to the health risks of work that is not significantly influenced by national or industrial constraints, or by gender.

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4

Phelps, Christopher. "Solidarność in Łódź: An Interview with Zbigniew Marcin Kowalewski." International Labor and Working-Class History 73, no. 1 (2008): 106–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547908000082.

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After serving as an organizer for the independent labor union Solidarity (“Solidarność”) during Poland's 1980–81 upsurge, Zbigniew Marcin Kowalewski was elected to the union's regional leadership in Łódź in 1981. Poland's most populous city after Warsaw, Łódź grew rapidly in the late nineteenth century after a torrent of foreign capital investment. Known as the “Manchester of Poland” because of its concentration of textile manufacturing, the city and its mills were the setting for The Promised Land, the story of a German, a Jew, and a Pole seeking to make their fortune in the brutal new world of industrial capitalism, as told in the 1899 realist novel by Władysław Reymont and the 1975 film by director Andrzej Wajda. The Łódź working class has a militant history dating to the strikes of May 1892, when, as Tamara Deutscher writes, “more than two hundred rioting textile workers were cut down by Cossacks.”

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Beinin, Joel. "Workers and Egypt's January 25 Revolution." International Labor and Working-Class History 80, no. 1 (2011): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547911000123.

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One of the less noticed events of the “January 25 Revolution,” as Egyptians call the popular uprising that ousted President Hosni Mubarak, is the formation of the Egyptian Federation of Independent Trade Unions (EFITU). Its existence was announced at a press conference on January 30, 2011, in Cairo's Tahrir Square—the epicenter of the popular movement. The independent unions of Real Estate Tax Authority workers, healthcare technicians, and teachers established since 2008 initiated the new federation. They were joined by the 8.5 million-member retirees' association, which has just received permission to reorganize itself as a professional syndicate, as well as representatives of textile, pharmaceutical, chemical, iron and steel, and automotive workers from industrial zones in Cairo, Helwan, Mahalla al-Kubra, Tenth of Ramadan, and Sadat City. The independent trade union federation was the first new institution to emerge from the popular uprising, and it linked the cause of workers to what was, after January 28, an explicitly revolutionary movement.

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Roy, Christiane, Richard Auger, and Robert Chénier. "Use of non woven textile in intermittent filters." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0198.

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Intermittent filters are widely used in North America for on-site wastewater treatment. However, availability or transportation of the treatment medium can become a limiting factor. The use of non-woven textile coupons, a light, and compressible material, to replace the sand or gravel has been tested. Test columns containing textile coupons over a height of 90 cm were operated at hydraulic loading rates (HLR) of 20 to 60 cm/d, with or without recirculation. During the eighteen months test period, the two most efficient columns, single pass (HLR = 20 cm/d) and recirculating (HLR = 60 cm/d), met treatment goals of 10 mg/l biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and total suspended solids (TSS). Detailed analysis of water quality at different depths and HLRs indicated that water detention time in the coupons might be a factor in organic matter removal. A new filter configuration was then developed to take advantage of this feature; it comprised three hydraulically independent layers of coupons. The new column was tested in the recirculating mode and in the single pass mode at HLRs of 123 and 188 cm/d respectively for six months. In both cases, BOD5 values at the effluent were below 10 mg/l; in the recirculation mode, TSS values were below 15 mg/l.

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Guy, Donna J. "Oro Blanco: Cotton, Technology, and Family Labor in Nineteenth-Century Argentina." Americas 49, no. 4 (April 1993): 457–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007409.

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Cotton growing and textile production in the northern regions of newly independent Argentina, as in many other parts of Latin America still relatively unaffected by the industrial revolution, were linked to the gender division of labor and the type of landholdings found in agrarian societies. As early as 1970 Ester Boserup pointed out the divergent roles that women and children would play in societies based upon extensive properties farmed or ranched by slave or hired help as compared with smaller, more intensive farms and ranches. She, like many others, however, presumed that wage labor, large scale agriculture, and ranching dominated the Latin American landscape, and she emphasized the role of women compared to other family members in rural production.

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Iwanowski, Zbiegnew. "Political Shifts in Latin America and Problems of Relations of the Region with the European Union." Contemporary Europe, no. 100 (December 31, 2020): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope72020162172.

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The article examines the deteriorating economic and social situation in Latin America after the "golden decade" (2003 – 2013) and political shifts in the region. During the last electoral cycle, there was a reformatting of the political landscape, including the "right drift" on one hand and the strengthening of the positions of the left forces on the other. At the same time, political polarization at the national and regional levels sharply increased, integration blocks have disintegrated or are in a state of crisis. As a result, the region is no longer a "unity in diversity". Based on an analysis of the latest sources and bibliography, the author shows the reasons for the intensification of European politics in Latin America. He comes to conclusion that the EU tries to play an independent role in the emerging new bipolarity. Although the economy remains a priority in interregional cooperation, political aspects are becoming increasingly important. Both regions actively cooperate in solving global problems, but the priorities of each of them differ significantly. The European Union cooperates with Latin America in strengthening multilateralism and improving global governance, both partners try to reform international institutions, reject protectionism and underline the priority of international law. In the absence of "unity in diversity" and the crisis of integration associations on the continent, the EU pays more attention to bilateral relations with Latin American countries.

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Goncharenko, Valerya. "Key Issues of Donald Trump’s Foreign Policy Legacy in Relations between the US and the European Union." ISTORIYA 13, no. 3 (113) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840020920-1.

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This article describes and analyzes transatlantic relations during the presidency of Donald Trump; summarizes main problematic aspects of US-European cooperation in such important areas as economy, energy and security; indicates reasons of difficulties concerning the dialogue between the US and the EU and suggests a search for ways of further cooperation. The United States of America and EU-members have been allies since the beginning of the Cold War. However, the more the policy of the European Union becomes independent, the more White House seeks to increase its influence on the European region. Donald Trump’s presidency has exacerbated a number of already existing contradictions between the United States and the European Union in three main areas of cooperation. This article makes an assumption that the personality of Donald Trump is one of the key factors that complicate US-European relations, but not the only since the Russian factor and the desire of the European Union to become one of the centers of power on the world stage are significantly weakening the transatlantic relationship.

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LUNA, JUAN PABLO. "Segmented Party–Voter Linkages in Latin America: The Case of the UDI." Journal of Latin American Studies 42, no. 2 (May 2010): 325–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x10000465.

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AbstractBy analysing the socially segmented party–voter linkages deployed by the Unión Demócrata Independiente (Independent Democratic Union, UDI), a Chilean conservative party, this article demonstrates the usefulness of combining Kitschelt's party–voter linkage framework with Gibson's conceptual approach to conservative party electoral coalition-making. In Latin America, parties take advantage of social fragmentation and the availability of non-state campaign financing to combine multiple linkage types and thus attract socially diverse constituencies. Although it is an opposition party, UDI's historical trajectory and organisation have enabled it to receive private funds from its traditional and party-identified core constituency (business and conservative sectors), whose programmatic preferences and interests it represents, and then use these resources in a ‘charismatic’ mobilisation approach and particularistic exchanges with a non-core constituency (low-income, non-traditional voters of the radical right), in a segmented, but nationally integrated, electoral strategy.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Independent Textile Union of America"

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Minchin, Timothy James. "Southern textile workers and the Textile Workers Union of America, CIO, 1945-1955." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627649.

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Books on the topic "Independent Textile Union of America"

1

Cieri, Marie. Red fish in America: New independent film and video from the Soviet Union. Cambridge, MA: Arts Company, 1990.

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Hoyman, Scott. Oral history interview with Scott Hoyman, July 16, 1974: Interview E-0010, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007). [Chapel Hill, N.C.]: University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill, 2007.

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Hoyman, Scott. Oral history interview with Scott Hoyman, Fall 1973: Interview E-0009, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007). [Chapel Hill, N.C.]: University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill, 2007.

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4

Pedigo, Joseph D. Oral history interview with Joseph D. Pedigo, April 2, 1975: Interview E-0011-1, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007). [Chapel Hill, N.C.]: University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill, 2007.

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Perkel, George. Oral history interview with George Perkel, May 27, 1986: Interview H-0281, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007). [Chapel Hill, N.C.]: University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill, 2007.

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6

George, Stoessinger John, ed. Nations at dawn--China, Russia, and America. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

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7

McGill, Eula. Oral history interview with Eula McGill, February 3, 1976: Interview G-0040-1, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007). [Chapel Hill, N.C.]: University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill, 2006.

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8

Fry, Julius. Oral history interview with Julius Fry, August 19, 1974: Interview E-0004, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007). [Chapel Hill, N.C.]: University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill, 2006.

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Rogin, Lawrence. Oral history interview with Lawrence Rogin, November 2, 1975: Interview E-0013, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007). [Chapel Hill, N.C.]: University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill, 2007.

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10

Union, Soviet. Scientific cooperation: Agreement between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, signed at Paris January 8, 1989. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Independent Textile Union of America"

1

Abdalla, Nadine. "From the Dream of Change to the Nightmare of Structural Weakness: The Trajectory of Egypt’s Independent Trade Union Movement After 2011." In Socioeconomic Protests in MENA and Latin America, 145–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19621-9_6.

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Graziani, Giovanni. "International Subcontracting in the Textile and Clothing Industry." In Fragmentation, 209–30. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199243310.003.0011.

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Abstract Less and less of a Benetton shirt is assembled in Italy and more and more of it by independent external suppliers in South America, Asia, and Eastern Europe. Only the major strategic functions-design, cutting, quality control, and distribution-are still handled in-house in Treviso. Similarly, Levi’s denim jeans are largely sewn in Asia and in Mexico, while Marks & Spencer sources its apparel items from a dozen developing countries. Some members of the business community have even suggested that ‘made in Italy’ or ‘made in the USA’ labels are obsolete and that one should rather stress the ‘Italian style’ or the ‘American style’.

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3

Ryan, Francis. "“They Won’t Work for a Cop of Any Kind”." In Public Workers in Service of America, 149–74. University of Illinois Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252045172.003.0008.

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This chapter gives an overview of a one-month trash service slowdown initiated by Philadelphia sanitation workers in February 1970. Called by a majority African American workforce in protest of the appointment of a white police official with no previous experience in municipal public works as city streets commissioner, the job action ended when the officer stepped down, marking an important victory for Black Power advocates in the city. Forging a political coalition with the broader Black community in Philadelphia, the sanitation workers and their union called for greater African American representation within the Democratic Party, part of a vanguard that forged an independent political movement committed to addressing the needs of the city’s working classes. By the end of the decade, this emerging political coalition centered on unionized municipal workers fractured due to a range of forces such as deindustrialization, declining union power, and the decision by Black union leader Earl Stout to chart a path toward economic advancement that eschewed broader community activism.

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4

"Cuba and the Cuban Healthcare System." In Healthcare in Latin America, edited by David S. Dalton and Douglas J. Weatherford, 143–56. University Press of Florida, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683402619.003.0009.

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This chapter explores the healthcare system in Cuba. Cuba is the only country in Latin America to have been formally allied with the Soviet Union during the twentieth century, and the country’s health system retains many Soviet qualities. The Cuban healthcare system is controlled entirely by the government, and there is no private sector. A limited number of semi-private clinics are operated by corporate entities controlled by the Cuban military. Healthcare is free at point of service for Cuban citizens. National and provincial health data are often politicized and many families rely on the informal economy to satisfy their health needs. Because there is no independent media in Cuba, the successes and failures of the Cuban healthcare system are difficult to assess.

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Kroenig, Matthew. "The United States and the Soviet Union." In The Return of Great Power Rivalry, 138–52. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190080242.003.0011.

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Otto von Bismarck famously said that “God has special providence for fools, drunks, and the United States of America.” Divine providence may not have hurt, but it was America’s domestic political institutions that transformed a smattering of British colonies in North America into, first, an independent nation and, then, a global superpower with a network of allies and partners spanning six continents. The United States faced off against the Soviet Union for a half century during the Cold War. But Washington possessed the better institutions, and the stress of the competition caused Moscow’s political system to collapse altogether. In the post–Cold War period that followed, Washington deepened and expanded the Pax Americana, and spread unprecedented levels of global peace, prosperity, and freedom. For the first time since Ancient Rome, a single superpower so overawed any potential competitors that great power rivalry itself came to a temporary halt.

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Golemon, Larry Abbott. "Creating a Modern Profession." In Clergy Education in America, 200–243. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195314670.003.0007.

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The sixth chapter analyzes theological schools that realigned themselves with the modern research university. Several narratives are explored: the struggle between Thomas Jefferson’s University of Virginia and seminary founders like John Holt Rice; the influence of the German university through immigrants like Phillip Schaff and theologians who studied abroad; the pragmatic adaptation of the German encyclopedia for organizing theological studies; the impact of the American university’s pragmatism, social sciences, and social reform on seminaries; and the influence of progressive education and the religious education movement on theological schools. University Divinity schools led this movement, especially the University of Chicago built by William Rainey Harper, but a number of independent schools, like Union Theological Seminary in New York, sought such realignment as “theological universities.” This realignment of theological schools had significant benefits, as it increased elective studies, developed specialized fields of ministry, and brought the social sciences to theological education. However, the realignment had unforeseen problems as it widened the gap between academics and those of professional practice; distanced faculty from interdisciplinary work and church leadership; replaced the Bible as a unifying discipline with “the scientific method”; and replaced the integrative role of oral pedagogies with scholarly lectures and the research seminar.

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Ramirez, Rafael Salvador Espinosa. "Integration and Foreign Investment in Latin America." In Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics, 105–24. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6224-7.ch006.

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The processes of economic integration in Latin American economies have logic that goes beyond the simple interest of trade creation. The governments focus on the benefit produced by Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as one of the most important reasons to formalize trade agreements. FDI differs in the way in which this investment relates with the local producer sector and the strategy trade policy followed by local governments. In this sense Latin American economies may receive horizontal or vertical FDI, and this chapter aims to examine the impact of strategic trade policies on the inflows of FDI into two Latin American regions: North Region and South Region. These investment flows come from three economic zones: Asia, America, and European Union. To this end, the gravity equation to compare the weight of variables such as distance, infrastructure, trade openness, and cultural affinity as independent variables and FDI as the dependent variable is estimated. The results obtained show that the strategy trade policy followed in the North Region in the form of trade liberalization, and the strategy trade policy followed in the South Region in the form of a relative closeness with the custom union plus the proposed trade agreements with other regions encouraged inflows of FDI in both regions during the analyzed period. While the gravity hypothesis holds on the South Region, in the North Region it does not hold. In the North Region, vertical FDI is received, and in the South Region it is horizontal FDI.

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Ramirez, Rafael Salvador Espinosa. "Integration and Foreign Investment in Latin America." In International Business, 267–87. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9814-7.ch013.

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The processes of economic integration in Latin American economies have logic that goes beyond the simple interest of trade creation. The governments focus on the benefit produced by Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as one of the most important reasons to formalize trade agreements. FDI differs in the way in which this investment relates with the local producer sector and the strategy trade policy followed by local governments. In this sense Latin American economies may receive horizontal or vertical FDI, and this chapter aims to examine the impact of strategic trade policies on the inflows of FDI into two Latin American regions: North Region and South Region. These investment flows come from three economic zones: Asia, America, and European Union. To this end, the gravity equation to compare the weight of variables such as distance, infrastructure, trade openness, and cultural affinity as independent variables and FDI as the dependent variable is estimated. The results obtained show that the strategy trade policy followed in the North Region in the form of trade liberalization, and the strategy trade policy followed in the South Region in the form of a relative closeness with the custom union plus the proposed trade agreements with other regions encouraged inflows of FDI in both regions during the analyzed period. While the gravity hypothesis holds on the South Region, in the North Region it does not hold. In the North Region, vertical FDI is received, and in the South Region it is horizontal FDI.

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9

McPherson, James M. "“The Whole Family of Man”." In Drawn with The Sword, 208–28. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195096798.003.0014.

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Abstract On December I, 1862, Abraham Lincoln Delivered His Second annual message to Congress. Today we would call it the State of the Union Address. The state of the Union in December 1862 was perilous in the extreme. The Confederate States of America stood proud and defiant as an independent nation whose existence mocked the pretense of union. Most European statesmen assumed that it was merely a matter of time until Lincoln would recognize the inevitable truth that the Union had ceased to exist and give up his bloody, quixotic effort to cobble it together again by force. At home, political opposition menaced the administration’s ability to continue the war.

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Fitzpatrick, D., and M. Anderson. "Brazil." In Seafarers’ Rights, 233–56. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199277520.003.0007.

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Abstract Brazil, situated in the centre of the eastern part of South America and covering nearly half of South America, is the fifth largest country in the world in terms of size. It is a former Portuguese colony and has been an independent country since 7 September 1822.1 According to the Federal Constitution (the Constitution),2 Brazil is a federal republic formed by the union of 26 states and a federal district, which is the seat of the capital, Brasilia. The smallest political or administrative units are the municipalities, which are governed by mayors.

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Conference papers on the topic "Independent Textile Union of America"

1

Morscheck, Luke A., and John J. Roller. "Stress Testing of a New North American Passenger Locomotive Truck Frame in Accordance With International Union of Railways (UIC) Code." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2426.

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MotivePower Incorporated (MPI) a Wabtec company and CTLGroup have completed stress testing of a new two-axle passenger locomotive truck (bogie) frame for use in North America. Testing was performed in accordance with International Union of Railways (UIC) Code 615-4 – Bogie Frame Structural Strength Tests [1]. Static testing was performed to simulate exceptional, main in-service and particular in-service loads. A three-phase dynamic fatigue test of 10 million cycles was also performed. Factors for quasi-static, dynamic and track twist (warp) loads were increased from those recommended by the UIC Code for normal operating conditions on European railways to represent North American track conditions. Significant engineering thought was invested in fixture design, with each load application and reaction point receiving careful consideration. Static testing required ten different servo-controlled loading systems to simulate independent or superimposed vertical, lateral and/or longitudinal forces. The applied loads represented tractive effort, braking effort, curving, vehicle lateral dynamics, vehicle vertical dynamics and track twist. Fatigue testing required four different servo-controlled loading systems utilizing synchronized force functions to simulate alternating quasi-static and dynamic load sequences. The apparatus also included provisions for measuring vertical reactions at each primary spring pocket. Vertical reaction loads were measured by instrumented pedestals using a full Wheatstone bridge configuration to cancel out longitudinal and lateral load effects. Prior to testing, the prototype truck frame was instrumented with 133 strain gages installed at selected points of interest. Stress values discerned from the measured strains conformed to the allowable stress criteria and compared well with those predicted by finite element analysis. Measured force reactions also showed strong correlation with predicted values. No indications of cracks were discovered during periodic non-destructive inspections. In conclusion, the UIC Code 615-4 test protocol was utilized to successfully demonstrate the strength and durability of a new two-axle passenger locomotive truck frame.

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