Relevant bibliographies by topics / Independent inventor

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Independent inventor'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Independent inventor"

1

Petroski, Henry. "An Independent Inventor." American Scientist 86, no. 3 (1998): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/1998.25.3403.

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Crawford, Julia. "Independent Inventor Resources Web Site." Journal of Government Information 28, no. 1 (January 2001): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-0237(01)00259-3.

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Daemmrich, Arthur. "Inventor-Entrepreneurs: Patents and Patent Licensing in the Early Republic." Technology & Innovation 22, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21300/21.4.2021.6.

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Independent inventors have limited routes to secure financial returns on the time and capital they invest to develop and realize a new idea. Research into two centuries of inventors has identified their options as licensing patents once they are issued, selling inventions (and patents) to existing companies, forging consulting arrangements with operating firms, or raising funds and starting a business. This article explores patent licensing as an entrepreneurial approach using a case study of the largely unknown licensing program undertaken by Samuel Hopkins after receiving the first U. S. patent. A license agreement signed between Hopkins and Eli Cogswell, a potash manufacturer in Vermont, offers a case study of how an inventor-entrepreneur worked in the early American republic. It also provides insights into the links between intellectual property and entrepreneurship, the mindset of inventor-entrepreneurs, and the challenges of bringing a new technology to market at a foundational moment in U. S. history.
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Scott, David W., George W. Wright, Mickey Williams, Jason Lih, Elaine S. Jaffe, Andreas Rosenwald, Elias Campo, et al. "Accurate Diagnosis of Aggressive B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas Using Gene Expression Profiling of Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 3016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3016.3016.

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Abstract Background: Currently, diagnosis of aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (agg-B-NHL) uses a varying combination of morphology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and/or other molecular techniques resulting in a fragmented, confusing diagnostic system. We sought to develop a multi-analyte gene expression signature assay that could consolidate the diagnostic process into a single platform to improve standardization and accuracy. Methods: We used formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue biopsies, qualified by an expert Hematopathology review panel, tumor content of ≥60%, and confirmed B cell immunophenotype. Diagnostic categories included diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) including the activated B cell-like (ABC), germinal center B cell-like (GCB) subtypes, unclassifiable (UNC) DLBCL, primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma (PMBCL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Using our previous GEP data, diagnostic signatures, nCounter system (Nanostring, Seattle, WA), and employing published procedures (Scott et al, Blood 2014); we designed probes to 800 genes with utility in distinguishing between these pathological entities. The training cohort comprised 107 unique cases, whose FFPET biopsies were independently assayed at the Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (Frederick, MD) and the Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency (Vancouver, BC). The resulting algorithm was locked down and applied to an independent cohort of 199 cases. The nucleic acids from FFPET biopsies from these cases were extracted and run across the two independent laboratories with 83 cases run at both laboratories to assess inter-laboratory performance. The “gold standard” by which the Nanostring classification was compared was based on Affymetrix gene expression profiling of matched frozen biopsies in the cases of ABC, GCB, and UNC DLBCL (Lenz et al. NEJM 2008) and on the pathological diagnosis by the Hematopathology review panel in the cases of BL, MCL, and PMBCL. The use of human tissues and clinical data for this study was approved by the University of Arizona Institutional Review Board in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Results: The final locked algorithm consisted of 297 gene probes including 47 housekeeping genes. Thirty-six cases from the training cohort were run again on the new lot of Nanostring code set to allow for cross code set calibration of the assay. The laboratory procedure and algorithm, together termed the "Lymph5Cx" test, consists of a hierarchical series of pair-wise comparisons. In the independent validation set, 257/282 assays (91.1%) yielded gene expression data of sufficient quality (total of 185 of the 199 cases). A classification summary is given in the Table below. In this cohort, 136 cases (82%) were correctly assigned while 11 cases (6.6%) were assigned incorrect diagnoses as follows: 6 BL assigned to GCB, 1 GCB labeled a PMBCL, and 4 PMBCL assigned to DLBCL subtypes. The Lymph5Cx test included categories of indeterminate results between two diagnostic entities and were declared borderline, as indicated in the Table. The agreement between the 2 laboratory sites was 71/72 (99%) of cases that yielded adequate gene expression data at both sites. Conclusions: The Lymph5Cx test was robust and able to discriminate the often clinically difficult diagnostic categories of agg-B-NHL using a single methodology for cases with histologic and immunophenotypic features of an agg-B-NHL. Misclassification errors were low, suggesting that this test would be useful adjunct to current diagnostic methods. In addition, targetable pathways, as well as genes associated with known prognostic signatures in DLBCL (stromal) and MCL (proliferation) were quantified. Investigation into these latter aspects is on-going. Gene expression signature assays have become a useful clinical and research tool in the on-going area of precision therapeutics based on highly-defined molecular entities. Table # cases % accurate % borderline % error ABC 26 76.9% 23.1% 0.0% GCB 27 88.9% 7.4% 3.7% BL 48 68.8% 19.8% 11.5% PMBL 30 80.0% 6.7% 13.3% MCL 34 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% Disclosures Scott: Nanostring: The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Wright:Nanostring: The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Williams:Nanostring: The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Lih:Nanostring: The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Jaffe:Nanostring: The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Rosenwald:Nanostring: Research Funding, The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Campo:Nanostring: Research Funding, The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Chan:Nanostring: The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Connors:Nanostring: The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Smeland:Nanostring: The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Braziel:Nanostring: Research Funding, The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Ott:Nanostring: The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Delabie:Nanostring: Research Funding, The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Weisenburger:Nanostring: The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Cook:Nanostring: Research Funding, The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Greiner:Nanostring: The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Fu:Nanostring: Research Funding, The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Walsh:Nanostring: The author is a potential inventor on a patent application using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Gascoyne:Nanostring: Research Funding, The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Staudt:Nanostring: The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties. Rimsza:Nanostring: Research Funding, The author is a potential inventor on a patent applicaiton using Nanostring technology for a different assay, which has been licensed from the NIH by Nanostring Patents & Royalties.
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Spear, Brian. "GB innovation since 1950 and the role of the independent inventor: An analysis of completed term patents." World Patent Information 28, no. 2 (June 2006): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2005.08.004.

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Parlika, Rizky, Olivia i. Anggun Permatasar, Rifardi Taufiq Yufananda, Dimas Rizward Hikmah Utomo, Mochammad Zayyan Ramadhan, and Isfan Rachmad. "PEMBUATAN GAME EDUKATIF MENGGUNAKAN APP INVENTOR DENGAN TEMA MATA PELAJARAN KIMIA." e-NARODROID 4, no. 2 (September 28, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31090/narodroid.v4i2.729.

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Abstract : The problem in this research is to make a suitable learning media applied to high school students as an independent media and interkative, So that the application of learning model used by the teacher is not boring tend to be fun and can improve learning outcomes. The objectives of the researcher to accomplish is to develop and produce android application products in the form of educational media learning games about Chemistry, and know the feasibility and effectiveness of educational game applications as learning media for student study supplement with Chemical material. This research method using Research and Development method with design / design is pre-experimental design with one-group pretest-posttest design. The results that have been obtained is to produce application products android educational game Chemistry. It can be concluded educational game media application of Chemistry learning and effective as learning media for student study supplement. Keywords-App Inventor, Chemistry, Android
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Hankey, Alex, and Elena Ewing. "New Light on Chromotherapy: Grakov's ‘Virtual Scanning’ System of Medical Assessment and Treatment." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 4, no. 2 (2007): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nel060.

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Virtual Scanning incorporates novel uses of colored light into its system of health assessment and therapy. Independent investigations of its effectiveness in Russia and the UK have revealed unique abilities to correct incipient and fully developed chronic conditions. As such it forms an important new addition to the field of Chromotherapy. It differs from most others, in that its development depended on discoveries in neuroscience by its inventor, and subsequent application of new models in computational neuroscience.
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Smeilus, Gavin, Robert J. Harris, and Andrew Pollard. "Independent inventors and inbound open innovation: using a resource-based approach to create a tool for screening inventor approaches in order to facilitate technology in-licensing." International Journal of Technology Marketing 8, no. 2 (2013): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtmkt.2013.054078.

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Rowlinson, J. S. "Dr Thomas Carver and Lord Kelvin." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 60, no. 2 (April 12, 2006): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2006.0139.

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Thomas Carver was secretary and assistant to William Thomson, Lord Kelvin, from 1890 to 1894 and maintained close links with him until Kelvin's death in 1907. In the twentieth century Carver became an independent engineer and inventor whose patents were mainly for improvements to textile machinery. These improvements were some of the first successful attempts to introduce electrical devices into what had been traditionally a purely mechanical industry. His patents include what seems to be the earliest proposal to use electro-acoustical echo-sounding for measuring the depth of the sea.
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Puy, Cristina, Zoë C. Wong, Erik I. Tucker, Andras Gruber, David Gailani, Stephanie A. Smith, Sharon H. Choi, James H. Morrissey, and Owen J. T. McCarty. "FXII Promotes Coagulation in a FXI and FIX Independent Manner." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 3362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3362.3362.

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Abstract Abstract 3362 Activation of coagulation factors (F) XII and XI support thrombogenesis through multiple pathways. FXII-deficient mice are more resistant to FeCl3-induced arterial occlusion than either FIX or FXI deficient mice, suggesting that the resistance of FXII-deficient mice to experimental thrombosis is not completely explained by the FXII-FXI-FIX pathway, suggesting the existence of a pathological FXII by-pass, in vivo. The APTT of FXII deficient plasma is longer than the APTT of FXI, FIX, or FX deficient plasmas. We found that addition of 150 nM activated FXII (FXIIa) decreased the recalcification time of FXI or FIX-deficient plasma by up to 85%. In a purified system FXIIa could activate prothrombin but not FX. Addition of rivaroxaban, a FXa inhibitor, to FXI or FIX-deficient plasma blocked the observed procoagulant effect of FXIIa, suggesting that FXIIa promotes the activation of FX independent of FXI or FIX, but the ability of FXIIa alone to induce coagulation is insufficient in plasma, in vitro. Addition of long polyphosphate (polyP), typically found in bacteria, but not short polyP, which is secreted by activated platelets, decreased the recalcification time of FXI or FIX-deficient plasma. The presence of either corn trypsin inhibitor (CTI), that inhibits FXIIa, or rivaroxaban blocked the procoagulant effect of long polyP, suggesting that the activation of FXII by long polyP promotes coagulation in an FXI- and FIX-independent manner. Addition of CTI or an antibody that inhibits FIX activation by FXIa, but not addition of an antibody that inhibits activation of FXI by FXIIa, increased the time of occlusive thrombus formation in recalcified human blood that was driven through collagen and tissue factor (TF)-coated capillary tubes, consistent with the thrombogenic roles of FXIIa and feedback activation of FXI. Only CTI inhibited the prothrombotic effect of long polyP, also suggesting that FXIIa could be thrombogenic independent of FXI and FIX. In summary, we propose that pathological FXII activation, e.g., by foreign surfaces or long polyP, is thrombogenic both in FXI/FIX-dependent and -independent manners. Provided that FXII has no significant physiological function in humans, our data support the hypothesis that inhibition of FXII activity or activation may have safe antithrombotic effects. Disclosures: Morrissey: No organization, but the speaker is co-inventor on pending patent applications on the medical uses of polyphosphate: Patents & Royalties.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Independent inventor"

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Silbermayr, Lena, and Yigal Gerchak. "Partial pooling by independent firms with allocation according to contribution to pool." Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.06.018.

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We consider two firms which pool some of their inventory. The pool is created by the firms' contributions, and a firm's entitlement for an allocation from the pool (if needed) is a function of its contribution. Transshipment from the pool is costly, but the firms can benefit from reduced risk through inventory sharing using the pool. We analyze the resulting non-cooperative game. We prove existence of a Nash equilibrium and compare it to a model with centralized control. An appropriate compensation cost for using the other firms contribution to the pool can induce the retailers to achieve centralized solutions. We also compare the optimal partial pooling strategy to the special cases of no pooling and complete pooling and discuss situations where it is likely that one of the special cases will be optimal. Numerical results confirm that in the prevalent practice of partial pooling the retailers can achieve higher expected profits than under no pooling or complete pooling and that there is a significant difference between a setting with independent players and a model of central control.
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Jentzsch, Clarice E. "The Predictive Validity of the Battelle Developmental Inventory as a Measure of Adaptive Behavior: A 2-3 Year, Longitudinal Comparison With the Scales of Independent Behavior." DigitalCommons@USU, 1994. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2875.

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Within the last 5 years, researchers have given increased attention to preschool assessment. One test, the Battelle Developmental Inventory, has become increasingly popular for use with preschool-age children. Despite its frequent use by early intervention programs, few researchers have studied the technical adequacy of the Battelle. The predictive validity of the Battelle was examined, using 154 children with disabilities. Scores on the Battelle for children 3 to 5 years of age were compared with scores on the Scales of Independent Behavior administered to the same children 2 to 3 years later. Moderate to strong relationships were found between the scores. Scores on the Battelle motor domains appeared to correlate the strongest with the Scales of Independent Behavior Total score. In general, the Battelle appeared to be a useful measure for predicting future performance on the Scales of Independent Behavior
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Jentzsh, Clarice E. "The Predictive Validity of the Battelle Developmental Inventory as a Measure of Adaptive Behavior : A 2-3 Year, Longitudinal Comparison with the Scales of Independent Behavior." DigitalCommons@USU, 1994. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6052.

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Within the last 5 years, researchers have given increased attention to preschool assessment. One test, the Battelle Developmental Inventory, has become increasingly popular for use with preschool-age children. Despite its frequent use by early intervention programs, few researchers have studied the technical adequacy of the Battelle. The predictive validity of the Battelle was examined, using 154 children with disabilities. Scores on the Battelle for children 3 to 5 years of age were compared with scores on the Scales of Independent Behavior administered to the same children 2 to 3 years later. Moderate to strong relationships were found between the scores. Scores on the Battelle motor domains appeared to correlate the strongest with the Scales of Independent Behavior Total score. In general, the Battelle appeared to be a useful measure for predicting future performance on the Scales of Independent Behavior.
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Smeilus, Gavin. "The new product development process, signed intellectual property license achievement by independent inventors and factors influencing their success." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/606559.

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Owens, Patricia K. "An ecological inventory approach to independent use of a health club by adolescents who are moderately/severely mentally retarded /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487688973684402.

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Shevade, Shrinidhee. "Minimizing Makespan of a Multi-mode, Multi-item Packaging Machine Subject to Resource and Inventory Constraints." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1471254235.

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Zhang, Jiayu. "The role of independent advocacy groups in RFID technology use the current status of RFID technology adoption in New Zealand : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Computer and Information Sciences (MCIS), 2008 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/543.

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Thesis (MCIS - Computer and Information Sciences)--AUT University, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (vii, 94 leaves ; 30 cm.) in the Archive at the City Campus (T 658.514 ZHA).
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Kratzsch, Alexander. "An Automated, Operating System-independent and Centralized Hardware Inventory : Keeping track of client computers in the NSA lab environment at the University of Skövde." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-11435.

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Every day system administrators perform many tasks that share one common requirement: information about the system.This information has to be up-to-date and reliable.To collect this information on demand and manually is time consuming and labour intensive.In the Network and Systems Administration (NSA) lab environment at the University of Skövde, there are many computers which need to be administrated.Today this is done by using a shared spreadsheet, a costly method with drawbacks.This project will search for answers to the question ``How can an automated client inventory improve the work of administrators at the NSA lab?''.To answer this question, a prototype will be created and its performance compared with the manual collection of information.In order to create a realistic and useful prototype, a list of requirements for inventories has to be assembled.The prototype has additionally to take the peculiarities of the NSA lab environment into account.The information has to be gathered without any permanent installation of a client, as there are no internal hard drives available.This detail makes it impossible for already existing applications to be deployed.The NSA administrators will then compare the performance of the prototype with the manual collection of data. They will conduct a trial during which they will be observed and afterwards answer some questions about the process. The results of the analysis of this data yielded a number of hypotheses.Common concepts like the time saving by automation get supported by this projects findings, but also less obvious observations are made. With the help of an automated network inventory administrators can become proactive and fix potential issues before they become problems.The extraction of information from a network inventory requires less knowledge about system administration, as the information is presented in an user interface.The user does not need to gather data as this is done by the network inventory.Only the extraction of the right information from the user interface is required.Information useful to the continued development of the prototype was collected as well. Improvements to the user interface as well as more automation should be added to the prototype in order to further improve the efficiency compared to the manual collection of information.
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Chi, Jingyun [Verfasser], and Micah [Akademischer Betreuer] Dunthorn. "Meiosis genes inventory in alveolates and other protist provide evidence for cryptic sex and the prevalence of a synaptonemal complex-independent crossover pathway / Jingyun Chi ; Betreuer: Micah Dunthorn." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1229917101/34.

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Burton, Christina Marie. "Quadratic Spline Approximation of the Newsvendor Problem Optimal Cost Function." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3087.

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We consider a single-product dynamic inventory problem where the demand distributions in each period are known and independent but with density. We assume the lead time and the fixed cost for ordering are zero and that there are no capacity constraints. There is a holding cost and a backorder cost for unfulfilled demand, which is backlogged until it is filled by another order. The problem may be nonstationary, and in fact our approximation of the optimal cost function using splines is most advantageous when demand falls suddenly. In this case the myopic policy, which is most often used in practice to calculate optimal inventory level, would be very costly. Our algorithm uses quadratic splines to approximate the optimal cost function for this dynamic inventory problem and calculates the optimal inventory level and optimal cost.
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Books on the topic "Independent inventor"

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Ruben, Samuel. Necessity's children: Memoirs of an independent inventor. Portland, Ore: Breitenbush Books, 1990.

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Lamoreaux, Naomi R. The decline of the independent inventor: A Schumpterian story? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Foreman, Louis J. The independent inventor's handbook. New York, NY: Workman Pub., 2009.

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Gilbert, Welytok Jill, ed. The independent inventor's handbook. New York, NY: Workman Pub., 2009.

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Foreman, Louis J. The independent inventor's handbook. New York, NY: Workman Pub., 2009.

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Barbieri, José Carlos. O inventor independente e o empreendedor no Brasil. [São Paulo, Brazil]: Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo, Fundação Getulio Vargas, Núcleo de Pesquisas e Publicacões, 1997.

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Accidental genius: How John Cassavetes invented American independent film. New York: Miramax Books/Hyperion, 2005.

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Wright, Gordon. A model of aggregate period usage for independent demand inventory items. London: City University Business School, 1991.

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Rossum, M. C. Van. Inventory of the archives of the Independent Media Commission, 1993-1994. [South Africa: State Archives Service, 1995.

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Inventer la Corse: Dimensions de l'autonomisme politique. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Independent inventor"

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Axsäter, Sven. "Single-Echelon Systems with Independent Items." In Inventory Control, 25–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5606-7_3.

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Hughes, Thomas P. "The Era of Independent Inventors." In Science in Reflection, 151–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2957-9_13.

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Steward, Julian H. "Diffusion and Independent Invention: A Critique of Logic." In Americanist Culture History, 116–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5911-5_11.

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Chaudhari, Urmila, Nita H. Shah, and Mrudul Y. Jani. "Impact of Two Different Trade Credits Options on a Supply Chain with Joint and Independent Decision Under Trapezoidal Demand." In Soft Computing in Inventory Management, 177–203. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2156-7_10.

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Dienel, Hans-Liudger. "Carl Linde and His Relationship with Georges Claude: The Cooperation Between Two Independent Inventors in Cryogenics and Its Side Effects." In History of Artificial Cold, Scientific, Technological and Cultural Issues, 171–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7199-4_9.

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Smeilus, Gavin, Robert Harris, and Andrew Pollard. "An Examination of Independent Inventor Integration in Open Innovation." In Technological, Managerial and Organizational Core Competencies, 146–66. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-165-8.ch009.

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Open Innovation allows independent inventors to become suppliers of new product ideas to businesses. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of independent inventor approaches, to companies operating Open Innovation mechanisms, result in a commercialised product. Preliminary Critical Success Factors proposed in the previous chapter seek to improve the ability of independent inventors to operate as effective suppliers of new product ideas to businesses through Open Innovation. This chapter will take the preliminary critical success factors proposed in the previous chapter and utilise them as priori constructs (Eisenhardt, 1989) as evidence is sought through case study for their presence or non-presence in a practical context. A case study on the Caparo RightFuel, an automotive device originating from an independent inventor and commercialised through an Open Innovation model, forms the basis of this chapter.
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"The Invisible Inventor." In American Independent Inventors in an Era of Corporate R&D. The MIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10716.003.0005.

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Snider, Jill D. "Introduction." In Lucean Arthur Headen, 1–4. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654355.003.0001.

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The Introduction provides an overview of the life of early African American inventor, aviator, auto racer, engineer, and entrepreneur, Lucean Arthur Headen, It also prefaces the biography’s main themes, including Headen’s childhood influences; the obstacles he faced as an African American independent inventor, including segregation and the increasing corporatization of invention; the social networks on which he relied to build his career; the “coalition economics” strategy he employed to succeed; his emigration to England in 1931 and his career there until his death in 1957; his legacy as a designer of automotive engine improvements and anti-icing methods for aircraft; and his role as a transportation technology promoter.
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Macdonald, Stuart. "Resistance to Information: The Organization and the Independent Inventor." In Information for Innovation, 98–124. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199241477.003.0007.

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Snider, Jill D. "A Dream Begins Anew." In Lucean Arthur Headen, 110–28. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654355.003.0009.

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Chapter 8 describes Headen’s move in 1925 to Albany, Georgia, where he established the Headen Motor Car Company and began the engine work that led to his first patent. The chapter explores the coalition he built in Albany, which comprised black beauty salon owner and clubwoman Emma V. Wynn and her husband fraternal leader and café owner William Wynn; members of the white Chamber of Commerce; black nationalist attorney Henry V. Plummer; and auto enthusiast Edward E. Harris. The chapter also documents Headen’s rise as an inventor, his relationship with white railroad engineer Henry A. Petit (co-inventor on his first patent), and his move away from the coalition model in favor of individual investors, including patent speculator George P. Koelliker and financier George D. Hamilton. The chapter places Headen’s activities in the context of growing African American automobility, the history of bi-fuel engines, and the existing avenues of funding for independent inventors.
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Conference papers on the topic "Independent inventor"

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Arimilli, Rao V., Kurt Erickson, Frederick T. Mottley, and James C. Conklin. "Performance Evaluation of a Prototype TurbX™ Engine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38563.

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A revolutionary new concept internal-combustion engine called TurbX™ was invented and a prototype was built by an independent inventor, M. A. Wilson. Theoretically, the TurbX™ engine cycle can be represented by the Atkinson thermodynamic cycle with a continuous combustion process. Because of these attributes, this concept has the potential for higher fuel economy and power density relative to other internal combustion engine types. To evaluate the performance of this prototype, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and The University of Tennessee conducted an independent experimental study. Two series of tests were performed: cold-flow and fuel-fired tests. Cold-flow, compressed-air driven, tests were performed by pressurizing the combustion chamber with shop air to demonstrate the prototype performance of the turbine section. These results showed positive but unremarkable torque for combustion chamber air pressures above 300 kPa with a functional relationship illustrative of typical gas turbines with respect to shaft speed. The fuel-fired tests consisted of 26 constant-speed runs between 1800 and 9500 RPM. The experimental apparatus limited the maximum test speed to 9500 RPM. The TurbX™ engine produced no net output power for all fuel-fired tests conducted. The temperature measurements indicated that for most of the runs there was sustained combustion. However, even in runs where satisfactory combustion was observed, measured gage pressure inside the combustion chamber never exceeded 15.5 kPa. The lack of sufficient pressure rise inside the combustion chamber is indicative of excessive leakage of the combustion products through the preliminary prototype engine internals. Based on the results and the experience gained through this independent testing of this preliminary prototype, further development of this concept is recommended. Three major issues are specifically identified: 1) the internal components must be redesigned to reduce leakage, 2) combustion chamber design and 3) improve the overall aerodynamic performance of the engine internal components.
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Sitthiracha, Sitthichok, Saiprasit Koetniyom, and Gridsada Phanomchoeng. "Combination of Active Braking and Torque Vectoring in Electronic Stability Control for Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Vehicle." In 2019 Research, Invention, and Innovation Congress (RI2C). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ri2c48728.2019.8999965.

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Bakkes, Sander, Richard Morsch, and Ben Kröse. "Telemonitoring for Independently Living Elderly: Inventory of Needs & Requirements." In 5th International ICST Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2011.245958.

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Cha, Gi Wook, Won Hwa Hong, and Kang Min Kim. "An Inventory Analysis for Estimating CO2 Emission in End-of-Life of Single or Independent Building." In 2015 International Symposium on Material, Energy and Environment Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ism3e-15.2015.88.

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Vadde, Srikanth, Sagar Kamarthi, and Ibrahim Zeid. "Pricing Remanufactured Products Under Stochastic Demand and Backlogging." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49943.

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Independent and small scale product recovery facilities (PRFs) often struggle to achieve profits under inconsistent inflows of discarded products and varying demand patterns for remanufactured products. Inconsistent inflows coupled with the varying demand cause undue fluctuations in inventory levels and holding costs. PRFs can leverage the inventory levels by posting appropriate prices for remanufactured products and procuring the right quantity of discarded products. This work determines the optimal prices of remanufactured products and the optimal procurement quantity of discarded products when (a) PRFs passively accept and proactively acquire discarded products, (b) demand for remanufactured products is stochastic, and (c) backlogging of demand is permitted. The stochastic demand is modeled to consist of an additive random variable. Optimal solutions are established when the additive random variable follows a generic probability distribution.
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Frydrychowicz, Monika, Julia Pradelok, Kinga Zawada, Dominika Zyśk, and Katarzyna Adamczyk. "THE POLISH ADAPTATION AND FURTHER VALIDATION OF THE COVID STRESS SCALES (CSS)." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact008.

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"The scientific need to recognize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human psychosocial functioning requires reliable and valid research tools to assess this impact. Therefore, we designed a study to create and further validate a Polish version of a research instrument assessing stress, anxiety, and fear related to the pandemic – the COVID Stress Scales (CSS; Taylor et al., 2020). This paper presents the specific research steps designed to develop and validate the Polish-language version of CSS (Taylor et al., 2020). These steps are as follows: 1) the translation of the original CSS into the Polish language by three independent translators and the back-translation by three other independent translators; 2) the assessment of the equivalence of the Polish translation of CSS in a study involving a sample of 30-60 bilingual people, fluent both in English and Polish languages; 3) the pilot study employing the pre-final Polish version of CSS; 4) the validation study involving a sample 600-900 participants in which the following instruments will be used: the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Scale, the Short Health Anxiety Inventory, the Social Desirability Scale, the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised Scale, the Xenophobia subscale of the Questionnaire of Political Beliefs and the subscale Sensation seeking from the Impulsive Behavior Scale. We expect that the Polish version of CSS will be widely used by Polish researchers in their studies concerning the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other epidemiological threats on mental health. At the same time, we hope that our study will provide results that will help foreign researchers understand the COVID-19 pandemic in other countries."
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Reap, John, Bert Bras, Patrick J. Newcomb, and Carol Carmichael. "Improving Life Cycle Assessment by Including Spatial, Dynamic and Place-Based Modeling." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dfm-48140.

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Drawing from the substantial body of literature on life cycle assessment / analysis (LCA), the article summarizes the methodology’s limitations and failings, discusses some proposed improvements and suggests an additional improvement. After describing the LCA methodology within the context of ISO guidelines, the article summaries the limitations and failings inherent in the method’s life cycle inventory and impact assessment phases. The article then discusses improvements meant to overcome problems related to lumped parameter, static, site-independent modeling. Finally, the article suggests a remedy for some of the problems with LCA. Linking industrial models with spatially explicit, dynamic and site-specific ecosystem models is suggested as a means of improving the impact assessment phase of LCA.
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Zabelina, Ekaterina, Svetlana Kurnosova, and Ekaterina Vedeneeva. "PSYCHOLOGICAL TIME AND ECONOMIC MIND OF ENTREPRENEURS. EVIDENCE FROM SMALL BUSINESS OF RUSSIAN INDUSTRIAL REGION." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact055.

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"Entrepreneurs, as the most active social group sensitive to public mood, perhaps feel the changes in the time of life in a digital society (time pressure illusion) most of all. On the other hand, the very internal temporal organization of a person involved in entrepreneurial activity can determine the characteristics of his or her mind and behavior in the economic sphere. The aim of the study is to reveal the impact of the psychological time of the representatives of small businesses on their economic minds. The study involves 109 representatives of small businesses in various fields (wholesale and retail trade, education, tourism, consulting, production, etc.), registered in the Chelyabinsk region and operating in the Russian Federation (mean age 34.9, 42% male). The respondents completed electronic forms of Inventory of Time Value as an Economic Resource (Usunier), Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Attitudes towards Time (Nuttin), and Inventory of Polychronic Values (Bluedorn). To diagnose the features of the economic mind of entrepreneurs, the Economic Attitudes Questionnaire (Deyneka & Zabelina, 2018) was used. Regression analysis showed that certain components of psychological time (positive attitude to the past, present and future, the value of time as an economic resource) determine the formation of constructive economic attitudes of small business owners, namely the value of independent economic achievements, willingness to invest, unwillingness to sacrifice vocation and health for money, financial optimism. Thus, the lack of fixation on past failures, a positive attitude towards the present and the future, the ability to transfer time into money create a psychological foundation for the formation of entrepreneurs' attitudes in economic life. The results can be used in the consulting of the future entrepreneurs."
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Khan, Mahmood A. "A New Approach in Solving Bennett Mechanism." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dac-8661.

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Abstract This paper explores the geometry of the Bennett linkage. Bennett, in the year 1903, invented a 4-R spatial linkage with two remarkable characteristics i.e. with 4 non-parallel and non-concurrent joint axes, has mobility one. In this paper the relationship among the intensities of the twists, i.e. four skew axes of the Bennett, and the perpendicular distances among the opposite skew axes of the Bennett linkage is established. The geometry of the three revolute joint axes of the Bennett Mechanism, one of the classical screw 3-system (Hunt (1978)), are not only skew but are independent to each other.
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Kostura, Zak, Matthew C. J. Clark, and James R. Olson. "Necessity and Invention: Leveraging a Megaproject to Advance the use of Computational Design." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1108.

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<p>The roof of the New International Airport for Mexico City is a lightweight steel shell structure and an architectural centerpiece of the new 4,432 hectare greenfield airport development. Visually exposed and structurally independent from the building beneath, it supports a 500,000m2 envelope that reaches a peak height of 45m above ground level and maximum span-to-depth ratio of nearly 60:1. While it is comprised of several subassemblies, including a 2-layer tetrahedral ball-node space frame and single-layer welded CHS shells, the roof was designed and detailed with the overt intent of achieving seamless visual continuity across the entire system. It is a mile long, nearly half a mile wide and is achieved with no movement joints. This paper focuses on the design approach, structural hazards and technical solutions for addressing global buckling and validity of welded CHS connections throughout the system.</p>
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Reports on the topic "Independent inventor"

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Lamoreaux, Naomi, and Kenneth Sokoloff. The Decline of the Independent Inventor: A Schumpterian Story? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11654.

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Author, Not Given. From invention to innovation: Commercialization of new technology by independent and small business inventors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5005576.

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Whalley, P. Survey of independent inventors: An overview. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10187932.

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Whalley, P. Survey of independent inventors: An overview. [Includes information on demographics, gender, ethnicity, education, income, employment, areas of invention, etc]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7021412.

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Carter, J. A., D. H. Smith, R. L. Walker, and M. P. May. An independent technique for fissile inventory verification of holding tanks in the nuclear fuel cycle status report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5048854.

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Bak, Peter, Kan Chen, Jose Scheinkman, and Michael Woodford. Aggregate Fluctuations from Independent Sectoral Shocks: Self-Organized Criticality in a Model of Production and Inventory Dynamics. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4241.

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Anderson, Andrew, and Mark Yacucci. Inventory and Statistical Characterization of Inorganic Soil Constituents in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-006.

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This report presents a statistical analysis of the Regulated Substances Library (RSL) developed by the Illinois Department of Transportation. The RSL is comprised of surficial soil chemistry data obtained from rights-of-way subsurface soil sampling conducted for routine preliminary site investigations. The 3.7-million-record RSL database is compared with four independent studies of inorganic soil constituents of naturally occurring soils in Illinois. A selection of 22 inorganic soil analytes are examined in this study: Al, Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Hg, Ni, K, Se, Na, Tl, V, and Zn. RSL database summary statistics, mean, median, minimum, maximum, 5th percentile, and 95th percentile, are determined for Illinois counties and for recognized environmental concern, non-recognized environmental concern, and de minimis site contamination classifications. The RSL database at a 95% confidence level is compared with current and proposed thresholds for defining naturally occurring soil concentrations for the selected analytes. The revised thresholds proposed by Cahill in 2017 are predominantly larger than the current standards found in the Tiered Approach to Corrective Action Objectives rules and are in better agreement with observed distributions of soil concentrations for both naturally occurring and RSL soils. A notable exception is antimony (Sb), for which Cahill proposed a reduced threshold similar in magnitude to the median for many Illinois Department of Transportation districts.
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Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, Lloyd Morrison, Janice Hinsey, Tyler Cribbs, Gareth Rowell, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor, and Jeffrey Williams. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.
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