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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Indemnity; Disasters; Oil spills

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Academic literature on the topic 'Indemnity; Disasters; Oil spills'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Indemnity; Disasters; Oil spills"

1

Onstad, L. A., and John J. Gallagher. "INDEMNIFICATION OF OIL SPILL COOPERATIVES DURING THIRD PARTY SPILLS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 499–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-499.

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ABSTRACT Oil spill cooperatives are generally organized under an agreement that requires a member company to indemnify all other members fully against liability arising from a member company's spill and response actions with cooperative resources. The cooperatives also require the same type of indemnification on the part of nonmembers and third parties. When a major third-party spill occurs in an area where the cooperative's equipment is required, the cooperative can find itself dealing with representatives of shipping companies who are unable or unwilling to commit to required indemnification. At the same time, it is likely to be in the interest of the cooperative (the oil and gas industry) to ensure an adequate response is made. Reverting to federal response under U. S. Cost Guard direction is an option (Section 311[k] Fund), but not preferred. The Coast Guard has been unwilling or unable to establish contractual arrangements before the fact with cooperatives, thus leading to instances of delayed payments, non-allowable costs, and disputes. Protection and indemnification (P&I) clubs, which underwrite the liability insurance of the vessels, are accustomed to dealing with marine disasters and have been asked to review the indemnification requirements of Clean Seas, which are similar to those of other industry cooperatives. The clubs are willing to work with the cooperatives’ requirements to eliminate an inordinate amount of time in contract negotiations during the early hours or days of a spill and to ensure parties do not have to rely upon a federal response. With the acceptance of these requirements by the clubs, it is hoped shipping companies and representatives will be able to enter into contracts or indemnification agreements with cooperatives with full support from the clubs.

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Barry, Edward, Anil U. Mane, Joseph A. Libera, Jeffrey W. Elam, and Seth B. Darling. "Advanced oil sorbents using sequential infiltration synthesis." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 6 (2017): 2929–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta09014a.

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Musante, Glenna B. "Mopping Up Disasters: Textiles Protect People and the Planet." AATCC Review 14, no. 6 (November 1, 2014): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ar.14.6.2.

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Saeed, Fariha. "Oil spill problems from the aspects of the Claim, Performance and Insurance Functions." International Journal Papier Public Review 1, no. 2 (August 30, 2020): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47667/ijppr.v1i2.13.

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This article discusses oil spills from the aspects of the claim, performance and insurance functions of the results of tracing oil spills at sea depending on many factors, including the physical, chemical and toxicity characteristics of oil, as well as its distribution which is influenced by the dynamics of seawater: tides, wind, waves and currents. The impact of insoluble oil compounds in water will float and cause seawater to turn black. Several components of oil sink and accumulate in sediments as pollutant deposits in sand and rocks on the beach. Claim settlement in Marine Hull and Machinery is the same as general loss insurance. The rights of the insured that must be fulfilled by the insurer, if it has met the terms and conditions determined by the insurer and stated in the policy. Members receive protection & indemnity for this guarantee so that members are protected and receive compensation from associations that are not covered or insufficiently covered by insurance.

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Ishutin, A. V. "PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION FOR THE PREVENTION AND ELIMINATION OF EMERGENCY OIL SPILLS." Pravovedenie IAZH, no. 3 (2021): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rgpravo/2021.03.09.

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Oil production, being a key source of the budget of the Russian Federation, is associated with a serious negative impact on the environment. In particular, the storage and transportation of oil and petroleum products are often accompanied by spills, as a result of which harmful substances enter the soil, water and atmosphere. These incidents are man-made disasters, and their consequences affect not only the site of the spill, but also the neighboring territories. This article analyzes the state of the Russian regulatory framework for the prevention of accidental spills of oil and petroleum products and concludes that it is imperfect.

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Qiu, Shaoyang, Hongxiang Ren, Haijiang Li, Rui Tao, and Yi Zhou. "An Improved Particle Number-Based Oil Spill Model Using Implicit Viscosity in Marine Simulator." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (June 7, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5545051.

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Improving the physical realism of oil spill scenes in marine simulators can further enhance the emergency response capabilities of officials in charge and crew members and help reduce losses caused by oil spill disasters. In order to uniformly simulate the spreading, drift, breakup, and merging of oil spills at sea, we propose an improved divergence-free position-based fluid (DFPBF) framework based on the particle number density model. In our DFPBF framework, the governing equations for oil spills and ocean are discretized by Lagrangian particles, and the incompressibility of oil spills and ocean is ensured by solving the divergence-free velocity constraint solver and constant density constraint solver. In order to stably simulate the fate and transport of oil spills with higher viscosity, we introduce an implicit viscosity solution scheme for our DFPBF framework. The implicit solver uses a splitting concept to decouple viscosity solve and adopts an implicit scheme to discretize the integration of viscous force. Moreover, our DFPBF framework can ensure a divergence-free velocity field before applying the implicit viscosity scheme, which avoids the undesired bulk viscosity effects. The simulation results show that our DFPBF framework can stably simulate oil spills of various viscosities, especially high-viscosity crude oils.

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Cheung, May, and Jun Zhuang. "Regulation Games Between Government and Competing Companies: Oil Spills and Other Disasters." Decision Analysis 9, no. 2 (June 2012): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/deca.1120.0233.

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Moore, Roberta, and Candace M. Burns. "The Effect of Oil Spills on Workers Involved in Containment and Abatement." AAOHN Journal 59, no. 11 (November 2011): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507991105901103.

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The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is the most recent manmade disaster to challenge occupational health nurses caring for a unique worker population. The effects of oil spills on wildlife, marine life, and the ecosystem are well studied and documented, but the effects on workers who contain and abate such disasters are not. These workers can suffer from a multitude of illnesses and injuries, such as ataxia, migraines, and various lung diseases, which can be a challenge for occupational health nurses.

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Yuan, Dan Dan, Yong Gang Xie, and Hong Jun Wu. "Research on Influences of Waters along Sino-Russian Oil Pipeline Affected by Unexpected Environmental Disasters." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 2505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2505.

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In this paper, the waters including rivers and lakes along the Sino-Russian oil pipeline in China has been analyzed and potential emergent situations and its consequences (such as oil spills) has been discussed and conducted. Furthermore, measures in response to these consequences to deal with these emergent situations are also introduced, including engineering, Non-engineering and emergency management measures.

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Walker, Ann Hayward. "Human Dimension Impacts of Oil Spills and Social Responsibility: Evolving Needs." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 2159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.2159.

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ABSTRACT Beyond the traditional ecological impacts of oil spills, oil spills can also affect people; these are the human dimensions of oil spills. Under current institutional procedures in the US, little attention is given during preparedness and response to social issues and implementing actions to mitigate the human dimension impacts of oil spills. Social responsibility is increasingly being used as a measure of the overall performance of businesses and organizations. Previous work recognized that public and stakeholder reactions to, and perceptions about, an oil spill response can influence the overall success of response. However, improvements in recent years to achieve the “best response” focus increasingly on operational aspects of oil spills. Human dimensions, representing the non-operational aspects of oil spills, generally remain unaddressed in the US regulatory framework. With the widespread use of social media, stakeholders and the global public are able to express their concerns and objections about oil spills; demand transparency and aggressive action during an incident to protect people and the environment, mitigate all impacts; and call to punish those responsible. Spills which are perceived as technological disasters are viewed as preventable by those in affected areas. Spill management teams (SMTs) in the US typically are comprised of the organization of responsible party (RP) and government responders, which is integrated in function but necessarily aligned in their respective priorities. The influence of politics and legal teams on SMTs represents both opportunities for and barriers to addressing human dimension concerns and impacts during response. This paper discusses the evolving needs for the USCG and EPA, as agency leaders in the US National Response System (NRS), to adapt existing preparedness and response practices. This paper also explores potential opportunities to incorporate social responsibility into oil spill preparedness and response strategies as ways to mitigate human dimensions impacts going forward. Research has shown that community adaptation and resilience is: at least in part related to a community having access to knowledge and resources which are possessed by oil spill experts; that transfer of knowledge takes time; and that building connections between local communities and oil spill experts helps promote community adaptation and resilience. The author suggests that within the existing regulatory framework there is conceptual space to leverage trusted networks of existing relationships and enhance our ability to carry out preparedness and response activities consistent with social responsibility.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Indemnity; Disasters; Oil spills"

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Bennett, Paul. "Mutual risk : moral economy in environmental insurance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313039.

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Books on the topic "Indemnity; Disasters; Oil spills"

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Susan, Walker, ed. Oil spills!: The perils of petroleum. Logan, Iowa: Perfection Learning, 1999.

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Chuan bo yi you ying ji chu zhi ren yin ke kao xing ping gu yan jiu: Chuanbo yiyou yingji chuzhi renyin kekaoxing pinggu yanjiu. Shanghai Shi: Shanghai jiao tong da xue chu ban she, 2011.

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Hai shang yi you ying ji fu zhu jue ce ji shu. Dalian Shi: Dalian hai shi da xue chu ban she, 2012.

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4

1959-, Hamilton John, ed. The Exxon Valdez. Edina, Minn: Abdo & Daughters, 1990.

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5

Cohn, Ruth E. The role of emotion in organizational response to a disaster: An ethnographic analysis of videotapes of the Exxon Valdez accident. [Boulder, Colo.]: Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, 1992.

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Cohn, Ruth E. The role of emotion in organizational response to a disaster: An ethnographic analysis of videotapes of the Exxon Valdez accident. [Boulder, Colo.]: University of Colorado, Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center, 1992.

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7

Landau, Elaine. Oil spill!: Disaster in the Gulf of Mexico. Minneapolis, MN: Millbrook Press, 2011.

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8

After disaster: Agenda setting, public policy, and focusing events. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1997.

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9

Benoit, Peter. The BP oil spill. New York: Children's Press, 2011.

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Karen, Warner, ed. Innocent passage: The wreck of the tanker Braer. Edinburgh: Mainstream Pub., 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Indemnity; Disasters; Oil spills"

1

Aleskerov, Fuad, and Sergey Demin. "Modelling Possible Oil Spills in the Barents Sea and their Consequences." In Dynamics of Disasters, 47–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97442-2_2.

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Ugwu, Chukwuma Felix, Kalu T. U. Ogba, and Chioma S. Ugwu. "Ecological and Economic Costs of Oil Spills in Niger Delta, Nigeria." In Economic Effects of Natural Disasters, 439–55. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-817465-4.00026-1.

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3

Rocci, Luppicini. "Engineering and Environmental Technoethics." In Advances in Information Security, Privacy, and Ethics, 146–62. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-952-2.ch008.

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This chapter traces the development of Engineering Ethics, Computer Ethics, and Environmental Technoethics. It also covers the topic of military technoethics as an important new development that deserves special attention. The story begins in the late 19th century with the development of various engineering professional bodies to ensure that engineers were responsible for potentially harmful constructions. This in turn, gave rise to the creation of codes of engineering ethics to help guide professional conduct. As the public demand for engineering increased throughout the 20th century, so did the ethical implications and demand for codes of engineering ethics. In the 1950s and 1960s, the continued expansion of industrial growth lead also to a number of human caused environmental disasters ranging from oil spills to nuclear explosions to the release of toxic chemicals into the air and water supply. This brought on a public reaction among environmental organizations and increased public attention to ethical implications of technology and the environment. These developments helped nurture in studies in environmental technoethics and the ethical concern over human involvement in technology related environmental change. Also in the 1950s and 1960s, the public use of mainframe computers, promising outlook for computer networking, and scholarly interest in systems research raised additional interest concerning the ethical implications connected to computer innovation in society. This chapter provides a review of background developments, challenges, and current directions in each of these areas. It uses examples to illustrate the potency of technology in reference to key areas (i.e., access equity, software design, computer navigation systems, construction, mining, and other areas of technology use and misuse). It concludes with insider interviews from leading experts working in the field and recommendations on how to use technoethical inquiry to leverage the ethical use of science and technology in areas where technological innovation has created ethical challenges and dilemmas.

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Rocci, Luppicini. "Engineering and Environmental Technoethics." In Advances in Information Security, Privacy, and Ethics, 146–62. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-952-6.ch008.

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This chapter traces the development of Engineering Ethics, Computer Ethics, and Environmental Technoethics. It also covers the topic of military technoethics as an important new development that deserves special attention. The story begins in the late 19th century with the development of various engineering professional bodies to ensure that engineers were responsible for potentially harmful constructions. This in turn, gave rise to the creation of codes of engineering ethics to help guide professional conduct. As the public demand for engineering increased throughout the 20th century, so did the ethical implications and demand for codes of engineering ethics. In the 1950s and 1960s, the continued expansion of industrial growth lead also to a number of human caused environmental disasters ranging from oil spills to nuclear explosions to the release of toxic chemicals into the air and water supply. This brought on a public reaction among environmental organizations and increased public attention to ethical implications of technology and the environment. These developments helped nurture in studies in environmental technoethics and the ethical concern over human involvement in technology related environmental change. Also in the 1950s and 1960s, the public use of mainframe computers, promising outlook for computer networking, and scholarly interest in systems research raised additional interest concerning the ethical implications connected to computer innovation in society. This chapter provides a review of background developments, challenges, and current directions in each of these areas. It uses examples to illustrate the potency of technology in reference to key areas (i.e., access equity, software design, computer navigation systems, construction, mining, and other areas of technology use and misuse). It concludes with insider interviews from leading experts working in the field and recommendations on how to use technoethical inquiry to leverage the ethical use of science and technology in areas where technological innovation has created ethical challenges and dilemmas.

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Newman, Richard S. "Widening the Circle of Influence." In Love Canal. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195374834.003.0015.

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Although known as “Mr. Clean” for his longtime environmental advocacy, Edmund Muskie had little knowledge of the American hazardous waste grid until 1978. A congressional sponsor of the landmark Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, the senator from Maine epitomized environmental politics. In fact, a few months before the Love Canal crisis unfolded, Muskie proposed yet another federal environmental law: a “comprehensive scheme to assure full protection of our national resources” in the wake of oil drilling disasters, tanker spills and toxic train derailments. Yet Muskie soon realized that his plan omitted something important: hazardous waste dumps. Love Canal had illuminated the toxic perils many Americans faced in their own neighborhoods. With an EPA study showing that tens of thousands of old toxic sites had yet to be contained, it was clear that the everyday landscape of homes, playgrounds, and schools needed environmental protection too. “In our society,” Muskie told an interviewer in the late 1970s, ...we are discovering almost every day, in almost every day’s newspaper, new hazards that have been released into the atmosphere over the period of our industrial revolution. [They] suddenly crop up in Love Canal, up in New York State … to create enormous hazards to public health, property values, to people. So we are constantly dealing with problems that [we] were not anticipating, which suddenly create almost insoluble problems for people and communities … [A]ll of these poisons and toxic materials were buried in landfill sites here, there, and elsewhere and sadly begin leaking in underground water, or into lakes and rivers, streams[,] only to rise up to hit people in the face with disease, with cancer, declining property values so on.... For Muskie, Love Canal was revelatory. It showed that federal law lagged behind the mounting problem of hazardous waste. After hearing Love Canal residents’ testimony, he believed that the time had come for a national statute governing toxic waste remediation—what he would refer to as a “clean land” law.

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Conference papers on the topic "Indemnity; Disasters; Oil spills"

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Dahi-Taleghani, Negar, and Mayank Tyagi. "Economic Effects of Multiple Disasters in the Gulf of Mexico." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42204.

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With the recent exploration/discovery of deep-water reservoirs andcontinued developments of drilling and production, it remains very important to have a comprehensive and quantitative risk assessment ofthe drilling/production processes including effective response to deal with such disasters. What measures must be taken to recover from the disaster scenario of a hurricane impacting the same region in the aftermath of an oil spill? The Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the largest marine oil spill in history, was caused by an explosion on a semi-submersible drilling rig about 50 miles southeast of the Mississippi River delta on April 20, 2010. Catastrophic events such as oil spills have enormous impact for the local economy of the area and even for the local labor markets. Another regional disaster, Hurricane Katrina impacted Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, as it ripped over the core of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) producing zone, one of the important oil and gas production areas of the worldin 2005. Also, if acatastrophic disaster occurs and the emergency response supply chain is not adequately prepared, then the economic consequences of sucheventcan be huge. Whenever a disaster happens, another reaction to this event that should be considered is resiliency. It is the ability to reduce or remove potential losses due to disaster events. The impact of different shocks on various aspects of a state’s economic performance is estimated using a Vector Autoregressive model (VAR). In this study, the dynamic response of a variety of industrial sectors in Louisiana to each of these disasters is considered. The responses of different impulses in this model are shown to demonstrate the interdependence of various time series data.

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ŽIVELYTĖ, Vilma, Saulius VASAREVIČIUS, and Irma GALGINIENĖ. "RESEARCH OF THE BIOREMEDIATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN SOIL BY THE USE OF SILICA NANOCOMPOSITE." In Conference for Junior Researchers „Science – Future of Lithuania“. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2017.025.

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Decades ago, oil spill has become a global issue. It effects not only environment but also economic life. Oil spills occur due to tanker disasters, wars, operation failures, during transportation, storage, use of oil and other accidents. Soil contaminated with petroleum effects human health, causes organic pollution of groundwater, which limits its use and decreases the agricultural productivity of the soil. Therefore, it is important to clean up oil spills as quickly as possible. Nowadays researchers are looking for new technologies that tackle three most important factors related with the oil spill clean-up: money, efficiency and time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in oil-contaminated soil using silica nanocomposite. According to the findings, silica nanocomposite might increase microbial activity during biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil because of the ability of nanoparticles to absorb water and keep moisture in soil thus creating a favourable environment for microorganisms. The study of biodegradation with the use of silica nanocomposite was carried out for a period of ten weeks in cooperation with the company Grunto Valymo Technologijos.

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Gernand, Jeremy M. "An Analysis of the Trends in US Offshore Oil and Gas Safety and Environmental Performance." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11857.

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Abstract The production of oil and gas in the offshore waters of the United States continues to be a major part of US energy extraction activities amounting to just less than a third of total US oil and gas production. However, this industry has been marked by occasional safety and environmental disasters including most famously the Deepwater Horizon explosion and oil spill that resulted in the deaths of 11 workers and the release of more than 130 million gallons of oil in to the Gulf of Mexico. In response, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) was created in 2011 to separate enforcement activities from federal lease management activities and reduce the possibility for conflicts of interests and regulatory capture. This paper presents an analysis of the safety and environmental performance of the US offshore oil and gas industry in the years before and after the creation of the BSEE to quantify the changes in the industry record and the level of risk that remains. Recorded events including fires and explosions, spills, and gas releases, collisions, and injuries and fatalities are included in the analysis. The overall level of exposure is estimated based on rig counts and oil and gas production quantities since detailed employment records by facility are not available. Data is sourced from the BSEE, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), and the Energy Information Agency (EIA). In addition to linear regression analysis of trends, this paper presents the results of a random forest-based machine learning investigation of the characteristics of safety and environmental incidents to evaluate the most significant contributors that remain, especially those amenable to control through engineering system design. Facility type, water depth, distance to shore, and time of day or year in the relevant incident reports were included in the input dataset for the random forest model. Results indicate that the overall oil and gas industry has become safer in recent years, though significant risks remain. It is yet unclear whether the BSEE approach bears any responsibility for this change as the data are not yet sufficient to declare the post-2011 period as statistically significantly improved from prior years, though additional data in line with 2016–2017 level of performance would satisfy this condition. The random forest model indicates that increased risk is associated with time of day, quarter of the year, water depth, and distance to shore. Data quality concerns remain present as minor incidents and injuries may be under-reported. BSEE enforcement does not appear to be a direct cause of the noted improvements.

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Reports on the topic "Indemnity; Disasters; Oil spills"

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Vantassel, Stephen M., and Mark A. Klng. Wildlife Carcass Disposal. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7207733.ws.

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Many wildlife management situations require the disposal of animal carcasses. These can include the lethal removal of wildlife to resolve damage or conflicts, as well as clean-up after mortalities caused by vehicle collisions, disease, oil spills or other natural disasters. Carcasses must be disposed of properly to protect public sensitivities, the environment, and public health. Improper disposal of carcasses can result in public outrage, site contamination, injury to animals and people, and the attraction of other animals that may lead to wildlife damage issues. Concern over ground water contamination and disease transmission from improper carcass disposal has resulted in increased regulation. Successful carcass disposal programs are cost-effective, environmentally sound, and protective of public health. In addition, disposal practices must demonstrate sensitivity to public perception while adhering to state and local guidelines. This publication discusses the range of options available for the responsible disposal of animal carcasses.

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