Academic literature on the topic 'Incremental regeneration processes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Incremental regeneration processes"
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Murray, Stephen. "The Evolution and Transformation of Bankside, London, 1947-2019." Journal of Urban History 47, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144219864677.
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The redevelopment of the Bankside area in central London was proposed in 1943, yet substantive regeneration was only achieved toward the end of the century. This article analyzes the processes whereby a postwar industrial, then deindustrial, locality evolved into a popular leisure and residential quarter. It argues that strategic plans for the area engendered only incremental and piecemeal redevelopment. Change was principally driven by industrial decline, government building policies, and the availability of finance, and, since the 1990s, by private-sector investment and culture-driven regeneration. Tensions and conflicts arose over the direction of, sometimes controversial, redevelopment. The locality’s principal building, Bankside power station, inhibited the realization of early redevelopment plans, but, as Tate Modern, was instrumental in the cultural and social transformation of the area.
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Barbour, Gordon, Ombretta Romice, and Sergio Porta. "Sustainable Plot-Based Urban Regeneration and Traditional Master Planning Practice in Glasgow." Open House International 41, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2016-b0003.
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The failure of conventional, post-war development to bring about the housing-led regeneration of much of Glasgow’s vacant and derelict inner-city land has exacerbated the loss of middle-income households to car-dominated suburbs built on green-field sites. Plot-based urbanism offers an innovative approach to development, based on an urban structure made up of fine-grained elements, in the form of plots, capable of incremental development by a range of agencies. The historical and morphological study of traditional, pre-war masterplanning methods in Glasgow suggests that a typically disaggregated pattern of land subdivision remains of great relevance for development, and that the physical form and organisation of urban land may relate to the capacity for neighbourhood self-organisation. This study assists future masterplanning and investment in the regeneration of inner-city neighbourhoods by suggesting ways of making investment more informed, and the development process more responsive to urban change. We argue that the publicly-funded sector could take on the role of lead provider of development opportunity through the adoption of methods derived from traditional masterplanning processes, providing opportunities for small-scale house building, and thereby supporting resilient and adaptable communities in the sustainable reuse of vacant inner-city land.
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Della Spina, Lucia, Sebastiano Carbonara, Davide Stefano, and Angela Viglianisi. "Sustainable Collaborative Strategies of Territorial Regeneration for the Cultural Enhancement of Unresolved Landscapes." Land 12, no. 2 (February 16, 2023): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020497.
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The experience of adaptation and instability to a plurality of threats that question the life of human beings on the planet, from the post-pandemic to political conflicts, up to the danger looming in the background—the upheavals expected from climate change—impose a reflection that recognizes that landscape/cultural heritage plays a key role in preservation/enhancement as a specific resource for its “human-centered development”, based on values included. These threats are challenges in which phenomena that require solidarity and common actions are faced, which should lead humans to cooperate to face them. The European Landscape Convention of 2000 attributed an important role to the landscape, as an “essential component of the life context of peoples”. The phase of listening to the territory and participatory and co-design processes are necessary tools for understanding the expectations and perceptions of the communities, co-exploring possible new uses of the landscape, being capable of generating added value for all stakeholders, and adopting a “win-win” approach. From this perspective, this contribution poses the following research question: how to build collaborative processes capable of putting local institutions, businesses, and local communities in synergy, to identify enhancement strategies for the cultural landscape? This study explores the potential of an integrated, incremental, and adaptive decision-making approach, oriented toward the elaboration of shared choices aimed at the elaboration of territorial enhancement strategies attentive to the specificity of the multiple values and complex resources that characterize the cultural terraced landscapes of the Costa Viola (Italy). In particular, the interactions between different knowledge, approaches, and tools makes it possible to formulate scenarios, strategies, and actions, contributing to the creation of a richer and more complex context of knowledge of the territory and to the construction of bottom-up and situated transformation strategies, supported from a decision-making process attentive to the identification of values and an understanding of the needs of the local ‘landscape community’ who live and animate it.
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Mahadevan, Kumaraguru. "Culture driven regeneration (CDR): a conceptual business improvement tool." TQM Journal 29, no. 2 (March 13, 2017): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-05-2015-0061.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the research carried out on a conceptual approach in business improvement termed as culture driven regeneration (CDR). The research positions CDR as business improvement tool that leverages organizational learning, organization culture and corporate knowledge in implementing changes. The CDR concept is positioned half way between business process re-engineering (BPR) that thrives on radical design and process changes, and total quality management (TQM) that takes the slow and incremental approach to improvement. CDR regenerates the processes in the journey to business improvement. Design/methodology/approach A structured and a comprehensive literature review were carried out on BPR and TQM in the context of leadership, organization learning, organizational learning and corporate knowledge. The review confirmed that TQM and BPR are connected to the four areas. This connection led to the conceptualization that organizations deploy culture and corporate knowledge to drive business improvement. Organization culture and knowledge was quantified based on previous research in this area and methods applied in other research studies relating to benchmarking. There are no empirical analyses included in this paper, however knowledge and culture were given scores in illustrating the CDR concept. Findings This conceptual paper has pointed out that organization culture, knowledge, organizational learning and leadership are important components of a business improvement tool such as BPR and TQM. The CDR concept leverages those components and draws on the organization’s corporate culture to enable change. Research limitations/implications Additional empirical studies are required on various types of industries, organization cultures, organization structures and professions to establish more robust scores for knowledge and culture applied in the CDR concept. The concept could be further expanded into a framework that could be applied across a number of industries. Originality/value The CDR concept is a business improvement tool that enables organizations to leverage their existing culture in driving change. The concept is built up on the existing relationship BPR and TQM has with organization learning, organization culture, corporate knowledge and the quantification of culture and knowledge.
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GILROY, ROSE. "Why can't more people have a say? Learning to work with older people." Ageing and Society 23, no. 5 (September 2003): 659–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x03001351.
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As part of a suite of policy documents on older people's issues, the ‘New Labour’ British government has published a joint housing and health strategy, Quality and Choice for Older People's Housing. In this they attempt to map out the problems facing older people. The strategy also suggests that among the solutions there should be more opportunities for older people to make choices and for their deeper involvement in housing matters. This paper sketches the background to this strategy and reviews the literature to determine whether there is a foundation of dialogue with older people on housing issues. While there have been increasing efforts to build socially inclusive processes, particularly in the major ‘regeneration’ programmes, it is still the case that older people are usually excluded. The core of the paper is a case study from the Better Government for Older People programme which explored the process by which older people worked alongside professionals to remodel a local authority dwelling. An analysis of the dialogue provides a window onto the self conceptions of professionals. Older people gained as individuals and as a group from the housing project, and were able to develop collective influence through a representation role. Learning by the local authority was more incremental. The paper ends with a discussion of the broader lessons for service providers.
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Munteanu, Constantin, Mariana Rotariu, Marius Turnea, Anca Mirela Ionescu, Cristina Popescu, Aura Spinu, Elena Valentina Ionescu, et al. "Main Cations and Cellular Biology of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury." Cells 11, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 2503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11162503.
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Traumatic spinal cord injury is a life-changing condition with a significant socio-economic impact on patients, their relatives, their caregivers, and even the community. Despite considerable medical advances, there is still a lack of options for the effective treatment of these patients. The major complexity and significant disabling potential of the pathophysiology that spinal cord trauma triggers are the main factors that have led to incremental scientific research on this topic, including trying to describe the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate spinal cord repair and regeneration. Scientists have identified various practical approaches to promote cell growth and survival, remyelination, and neuroplasticity in this part of the central nervous system. This review focuses on specific detailed aspects of the involvement of cations in the cell biology of such pathology and on the possibility of repairing damaged spinal cord tissue. In this context, the cellular biology of sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and magnesium is essential for understanding the related pathophysiology and also the possibilities to counteract the harmful effects of traumatic events. Lithium, sodium, potassium—monovalent cations—and calcium and magnesium—bivalent cations—can influence many protein–protein interactions, gene transcription, ion channel functions, cellular energy processes—phosphorylation, oxidation—inflammation, etc. For data systematization and synthesis, we used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) methodology, trying to make, as far as possible, some order in seeing the “big forest” instead of “trees”. Although we would have expected a large number of articles to address the topic, we were still surprised to find only 51 unique articles after removing duplicates from the 207 articles initially identified. Our article integrates data on many biochemical processes influenced by cations at the molecular level to understand the real possibilities of therapeutic intervention—which must maintain a very narrow balance in cell ion concentrations. Multimolecular, multi-cellular: neuronal cells, glial cells, non-neuronal cells, but also multi-ionic interactions play an important role in the balance between neuro-degenerative pathophysiological processes and the development of effective neuroprotective strategies. This article emphasizes the need for studying cation dynamics as an important future direction.
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Asmussen, Søren, and Sergey Foss. "On Exceedance Times for Some Processes with Dependent Increments." Journal of Applied Probability 51, no. 1 (March 2014): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1395771419.
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Let {Zn}n≥0 be a random walk with a negative drift and independent and identically distributed increments with heavy-tailed distribution, and let M = supn≥0Zn be its supremum. Asmussen and Klüppelberg (1996) considered the behavior of the random walk given that M > x for large x, and obtained a limit theorem, as x → ∞, for the distribution of the quadruple that includes the time τ = τ(x) to exceed level x, position Zτ at this time, position Zτ-1 at the prior time, and the trajectory up to it (similar results were obtained for the Cramér-Lundberg insurance risk process). We obtain here several extensions of this result to various regenerative-type models and, in particular, to the case of a random walk with dependent increments. Particular attention is given to describing the limiting conditional behavior of τ. The class of models includes Markov-modulated models as particular cases. We also study fluid models, the Björk-Grandell risk process, give examples where the order of τ is genuinely different from the random walk case, and discuss which growth rates are possible. Our proofs are purely probabilistic and are based on results and ideas from Asmussen, Schmidli and Schmidt (1999), Foss and Zachary (2002), and Foss, Konstantopoulos and Zachary (2007).
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Asmussen, Søren, and Sergey Foss. "On Exceedance Times for Some Processes with Dependent Increments." Journal of Applied Probability 51, no. 01 (March 2014): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800010132.
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Let {Z n } n≥0 be a random walk with a negative drift and independent and identically distributed increments with heavy-tailed distribution, and let M = sup n≥0 Z n be its supremum. Asmussen and Klüppelberg (1996) considered the behavior of the random walk given that M > x for large x, and obtained a limit theorem, as x → ∞, for the distribution of the quadruple that includes the time τ = τ(x) to exceed level x, position Z τ at this time, position Z τ-1 at the prior time, and the trajectory up to it (similar results were obtained for the Cramér-Lundberg insurance risk process). We obtain here several extensions of this result to various regenerative-type models and, in particular, to the case of a random walk with dependent increments. Particular attention is given to describing the limiting conditional behavior of τ. The class of models includes Markov-modulated models as particular cases. We also study fluid models, the Björk-Grandell risk process, give examples where the order of τ is genuinely different from the random walk case, and discuss which growth rates are possible. Our proofs are purely probabilistic and are based on results and ideas from Asmussen, Schmidli and Schmidt (1999), Foss and Zachary (2002), and Foss, Konstantopoulos and Zachary (2007).
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Asmussen, Søren, and Sergey Foss. "On Exceedance Times for Some Processes with Dependent Increments." Journal of Applied Probability 51, no. 01 (March 2014): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200010135.
Full textAbstract:
Let {Z n } n≥0 be a random walk with a negative drift and independent and identically distributed increments with heavy-tailed distribution, and let M = sup n≥0 Z n be its supremum. Asmussen and Klüppelberg (1996) considered the behavior of the random walk given that M > x for large x, and obtained a limit theorem, as x → ∞, for the distribution of the quadruple that includes the time τ = τ(x) to exceed level x, position Z τ at this time, position Z τ-1 at the prior time, and the trajectory up to it (similar results were obtained for the Cramér-Lundberg insurance risk process). We obtain here several extensions of this result to various regenerative-type models and, in particular, to the case of a random walk with dependent increments. Particular attention is given to describing the limiting conditional behavior of τ. The class of models includes Markov-modulated models as particular cases. We also study fluid models, the Björk-Grandell risk process, give examples where the order of τ is genuinely different from the random walk case, and discuss which growth rates are possible. Our proofs are purely probabilistic and are based on results and ideas from Asmussen, Schmidli and Schmidt (1999), Foss and Zachary (2002), and Foss, Konstantopoulos and Zachary (2007).
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Olayinka Agboola, Alirat, Timothy Oluwafemi Ayodele, and Aderemi Olofa. "Tax increment financing in the UK and USA: its prospects for urban regeneration in Nigeria." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 7, no. 3/4 (November 19, 2018): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-03-2018-0018.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of tax increment financing (TIF) as a viable financial mechanism for urban regeneration programmes in Nigeria. This is with a view to engendering a sustainable, productive and competitive urban land market towards enhancing the economic development of the country. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a desk-based study approach and review of secondary literature on urban regeneration and TIF to examine the usefulness of TIF for funding local infrastructure development. It then examines the key requirements for the successful application of TIF as a financial instrument for urban regeneration in an emergent economy like Nigeria. Findings A number of key requirements for a successful TIF programme particularly in the context of an emergent economy are identified. These are: a functional urban land market with well-developed and documented market indices on performance measurement to serve as reliable benchmarks for investors; an established land use planning system consisting of clear rules and effective decision-making processes; an active capital market that is accessible to institutional and private developers; a viable tax administration system and most importantly an efficient institutional framework with clearly defined formal property rights and sound enforcement mechanisms to monitor contractual agreements and to police deviations. Originality/value This paper represents a pioneering attempt at examining the prospects of the application of TIF to urban regeneration in the specific context of an emergent Sub-Saharan African country.
Book chapters on the topic "Incremental regeneration processes"
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Mahmoud, Israa, and Eugenio Morello. "Co-creation Pathway for Urban Nature-Based Solutions: Testing a Shared-Governance Approach in Three Cities and Nine Action Labs." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 259–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_17.
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AbstractNature-based solutions (NBS) implementation in urban contexts has proven outcoming multiple benefits to reverse the current trend of natural resources’ degradation adversely affecting biodiversity, human health, and wellbeing. Yet, the current urban-planning policy frameworks present a rigid structure to integrate NBS definitions, and their co-benefits to get mainstreamed and up scaled on a wider urban spatial dimension. In this research, we test a complete co-creation pathway that encourages decision-makers to embed citizen engagement methodologies as an approach to co-design and co-implement NBS in shared-governance processes aiming to increment the greening of urban spaces, towards more inclusive and climate resilient cities. On one hand, we assess a tendency to involve a multiplicity of stakeholders that collaborate to the establishment of an Urban Innovation Partnership (UIP) aiming at increasing the social awareness around NBS themes, and at the same time tackling both financial and governance aspects. On the other hand, the innovation embedded in NBS paves the way to combine a multi-scalar flexibility in implementation tools and place-based urban actions, hence resulting in widespread economic, environmental, and social impacts in place. The novelty in embedding the co-creation process in urban-planning practice lies in catalyzing resources towards the transposition of research into practice through policy and planning tools for local authorities and decision-makers. Three front-runner cities (Hamburg, London, and Milan) are under investigation as part of Clever Cities—a Horizon 2020 project—aiming at implementing NBS in diverse urban-regeneration processes, through nine up-running Urban Living Labs (ULLs). Grounded on a comparative analysis of these three cities, key characterization for NBS implementation framework could be categorized into: (1) current urban-planning greening strategies in each context, (2) specific environmental and societal challenges addressed, (3) different typologies and scales of NBS integration within urban morphologies, (4) specific governance process as response to co-design and co-implementation processes, and (5) availability of financial investment and main stakeholders. As research results, we emphasize using co-creation approach in urban planning to embed and upscale NBS in an inclusive shared-governance process, hence contributing to social awareness and acceptance. Meanwhile, spatial, and financial challenges could be majorly resolved using a multi-scalar approach to manage newly embedded urban-greening policies at the urban level. Lastly, the implementation scale of NBS with local communities requires a radical paradigmatic shift in societal, individual and administrative urban-planning practices.
Conference papers on the topic "Incremental regeneration processes"
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Haider, Muhammad Istiaque, Armin Yazdi, Maysam Rezaee, Li Chih Tsai, and Nathan Salowitz. "Mechanics of Post Constrained Recovery Residual Stress Produced by NiTi." In ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5619.
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Abstract Recent research has revealed that Nickel Titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys can produce residual stresses after undergoing constrained recovery and returning to their low temperature, martensitic state while still constrained. The nature and underlying mechanisms that cause this post constrained recovery residual stress (PCRRS) are not well understood. This paper presents experimental research and results seeking to further understand the PCRRS. Experiments were performed on multiple formulations of NiTi subjected to: 1) Cyclic loading and training before producing PCRRS, 2) Repeated thermomechanical loading with large strains followed by a thermal cycle to create and re-generated the PCRRS, and 3) Creation of the PCRRS followed by repeated cycles of small, 0.5% strains. Experiments found that the training in 1) did not significantly alter the ability to produce PCRRS or its magnitude. Straining samples from the PCRRS state could reduce the residual stress state to zero stress, but the PCRRS could be recreated by repeating thermal actuation with the only significant variation being a reduction in magnitude for the first to second cycle. Multiple small strain cycles applied from the PCRRS state caused an incremental reduction in residual stress. The full PCRRS could be re-created by repeating the initial thermomechanical cycle. The values of the residual stress varied across the first 3 sets of cycles, but from the third set onward the response stabilized. These results indicate that the primary mechanisms for generating a PCRRS are stable and recoverable with only minor and diminishing variations due to training or repeated regeneration of the PCRRS. Grain boundary stabilization and similar mechanisms may be responsible for the minor variation between the first few regenerations of the PCRRS. The incremental reduction in the residual stress after exposure to small 0.5% strains must be due to a recoverable process like partial and accumulating detwinning of the NiTi with each load cycle. Further work is underway to perform microstructural analysis of samples in the various states to further the theorized material states. The ability to generate and control PCRRS has the potential to find new application and advance capabilities in fields like self-healing and fatigue resistant materials by generating stresses without the continuous application of heat energy. New forms of actuation could also be developed based on the potential energy stored in a structure through PCRRS.
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Almeida, C. A. "An Effective Adaptive Procedure in Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis." In ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1995-0746.
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Abstract A methodology initially proposed for authomatic mesh generation of triangular and quadrilateral finite element discretizations in linear two-dimension problems is now extended to material nonlinear analysis. The technique, which is based on a h-adaptive process, is capable of achieving a specified discretization density using a powerful mesh generator. The element solutions at the nodes are obtained through a general stress recovery procedure employing an a posteriori error estimator. The constitutive equation is approached in the formulation using a flow theory to describe the elasto-plastic material behavior. In this study the von Mises condition is employed for the state of multiaxial stress corresponding to the start of plastic flow, the normality condition furnishes a flow rule in the plastic strain increments subsequent to yielding and the kinematic hardening is assumed as hardening rule. The adaptive procedure is based on the complete mesh regeneration and specific mesh requirements (boundary conditions, geometry definitions and space node function), and aims for an optimality condition with the least number of elements that yields an uniform error distribution in all elements. In the stress recovery process the nodal values are assumed to belong to a polinomial expansion defined over patches of elements adjoining a particular assembly node considered. The nodal point parameters, at each element, are obtained using a least square fit of superconvergent sampling points existing in the patch. The material uniaxial elasto-plastic constitutive behavior is represented using overlays, defined over small strain increments, allowing for the representation of the material kinematic hardening behavior beyond the classical bilinear relation. The procedure error estimation is obtained from differences between the post-processed stress gradients and those from the finite element solutions. The energy error norm associated with stress field diferences and the finite element strain energy gives an effective error estimate, used for comparison with the process tolerance. Evaluation of the proposed technique is presented through two numerical sampling analyses that illustrate its applicability in the improvement of the solution accurance of general two-dimension finite element model solutions.
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Nascimento, Marco A. R., Electo S. Lora, Guido A. Sierra R., and Manuel A. Rendon. "Experimental Evaluation and Comparison of the Performance and Emissions of a Regenerative Gas Microturbine Using Biodiesel From Various Sources as Fuel." In ASME 2007 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2007-22063.
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Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that has become more attractive recently because of its environmental benefits and the fact that it is made from renewable resources. As it can be blended in any proportion with mineral Diesel, and there are several reports which presented substantial reductions in emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate in IC engines without reducing the output power significantly. The aim of this work was to perform an emissions and performance experimental analysis to evaluate and compare the use of Biodiesel obtained from different sources, Castor, Soy and Palm Oil, on a 30 kW regenerative gas micro turbine engine installed in the laboratories of the Federal University of Itajuba´ – Unifei, Brazil, at different power levels at steady state condition. All the fuels were characterized in terms of its viscosity and heat value, and the thermal performance and the emissions were measured. In all cases, it was performed a comparison between the obtained results with Biodiesel and Diesel. None of the fuels presented any problem related to atomization process in the related tests, and have shown no significant changes in performance of the microturbine reaching levels of around 26% of thermal efficiency. The minimum Heat Rate obtained at full load, was for the Biodiesel from Palm oil case, and the maximum was for Castor oil with a value 8.38% higher than when operated with Diesel. In Addition, when measuring pollutants emissions in the exhaust gases, it was observed a slightly increment in CO and a reduction in NOx concentration.
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Wang, Weiliang, Hai Zhang, Junfu Lv, Weidou Ni, Yongsheng Li, and Jianmin Liu. "A Study on Superheat Utilization of Extraction Steam in a 1000MW Double Reheat Ultra-Supercritical Unit." In ASME 2016 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2016-59129.
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The world’s first 1000MW double reheat ultrasupercritical unit has been in operation since September 25th, 2015 in Taizhou, China. The thermal efficiency at turbine heat-rate acceptance (THA) condition is around 51%, which is the highest among all condensing units in coal-fired power plants around the world. However, the resultant superheat degree of the extraction steam is relatively high, leading to a large temperature difference in heat transfer process in the regenerative system, thereby a great exergy loss. In order to utilize the superheat of turbine bleeds more effectively, we present a scheme by employing an outer steam cooler (OSC) after the last high pressure heater in series to use the superheat to heat the feed water. Based on the newly installed unit in Taizhou, we examine the energy saving effect of the superheat utilization of different bleeds and their possible combinations respectively. The influencing factors of the mass flow rate, superheat, and effective superheat of the extraction steam are studied. Thermodynamic analyses revealed that the second extraction steam has not only high effective superheat, but also large mass flow rate, so in the overall efficiency improvement it ranks first and the third extraction steam ranks second. Although the fourth extraction steam has the largest superheat, it ranks third as the result of relatively lower mass flow rate. It was found that at nominal load, by adopting OSC’s to utilize the superheat of the second to sixth extraction steam, temperature of the feed water can increase by 8.1 °C, 3.5 °C, 2.6 °C, 1.1 °C, and 1 °C respectively, and the net coal consumption reduces by 0.73g/kWh, 0.47g/kWh, 0.40g/kWh, 0.21g/kWh and 0.22g/kWh accordingly. Consequently, three possible schemes are recommended for future design: one is to adopt one OSC to utilize the superheat of the second extraction steam, in return of 8.1°C increment in feed water temperature and 0.73g/kWh reduction of the net coal consumption; the second is to adopt two OSC’s to utilize the superheat of the second and third extraction steam at the same time, in return of 11.4 °C increment in feed water temperature and 1.21g/kWh reduction of the net coal consumption; and the last is to apply three OSC’s to utilize the superheat of the second to the fourth extraction steam simultaneously, to achieve 13.9°C increment in feed water temperature, and 1.62g/kWh reduction of the net coal consumption.
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Haider, Muhammad Istiaque, and Nathan Salowitz. "Phenomenological Assessment of Post Constrained Recovery Residual Stress of Shape Memory Alloys." In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-68111.
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Abstract Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are frequently used in a broad spectrum of commercially valuable and innovative applications due to its high specific energy density as an actuator and simple thermal actuation. This paper presents a study seeking to understand a recently discovered property of Nickel Titanium (NiTi) SMAs where they can repeatedly produce stable residual stresses after undergoing constrained recovery and returning to a low temperature, martensitic, state. The underlying mechanisms of this post constrained recovery residual stress (PCRRS) are still under investigation. Experiments on multiple formulations of NiTi based SMAs (including a ternary material) confirmed the PCRRS generation in every SMA tested and following the exposures to further application of small cyclic strain (both tensile and compressive) from PCRRS states revealed a cyclic softening like phenomena where the magnitude of residual stresses over every small strain exposure were incrementally reduced, but the repetition of the constrained recovery process reproduced the initial residual stress. This paper presents the results of new experiments that help explain the nature of the PCRRS phenomena, discussion of the cyclic softening phenomena with small strain applications and a conceptual study to understand the underlying mechanism of PCRRS based modulus comparison in different loading states during PCRRS generation. The capability to produce PCRRS and its repeating regeneration provides a new way for the material to be used as an actuator that may be beneficial to applications like self-healing material and could support new applications like using a dispersion of NiTi particles to inhibit fatigue cracking in material structures. Novel actuation mechanism can be developed and designed through PCRRS based on the potential energy stored in the structures to use in different applications and smart material design.
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Bolívar Vallejo, Huáscar. "Informalidad urbanística: madre e hija de la vulnerabilidad física." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6078.
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El vertiginoso proceso de urbanización en América Latina ha engendrado un preocupante denominador
común: la “vulnerabilidad física”, convertida en una particularidad de los asentamientos informales en
permanente propensión a los riesgos de desastre, que la ineficiente y lenta planificación del suelo,
contrastada con la vertiginosidad de este fenómeno urbano creciente, se ha encargado de regenerar a
través de la espontánea relación socio-territorial en la dimensión espacio-tiempo. Así, proponemos que esas
deficiencias en los instrumentos y en la planificación urbana tienen el potencial de derivar en una amenaza
socio-natural llamada “informalidad urbanística”, aquella que a su vez tiene la capacidad de producir,
incrementar y transformar cualitativamente la “vulnerabilidad física”; más allá aún, de generar una dinámica
cíclica de retroalimentación creciente entre la propia “informalidad” y la “vulnerabilidad” en el tiempo, con
consecuencias riesgosas para las ciudades. The vertiginous urbanization process in Latin-America gave rise to a worrying common denominator:
“physical vulnerability”, that became a specific trait of informal settlements permanently prone to risks of
disaster that through inefficient and slow land planning, opposed to the dizziness of this growing urban
phenomenon, succeeds in regenerating into a spontaneous social-territorial relation within a space-time
dimension. We therefore state that the above-mentioned deficiencies as to the instruments and as to urban
planning threaten with a social-natural “town-planning informality”, a feature that at the same time is capable
of producing, increasing and qualitatively transforming the “physical vulnerability”; and moreover, is able to
generate a growing cyclical feedback dynamics between the “informality” itself and “vulnerability” with the
passing of time thereby causing risky consequences in the cities.