Dissertations / Theses: 'Incremental Construction'

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Courtois, Marc. "An automated, incremental resource function construction technique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ27044.pdf.

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Courtois, Marc (Marc MacGregor) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Systems and Computer. "An Automated, incremental resource function construction technique." Ottawa, 1997.

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Li, Yueqiao. "Incremental high quality probabilistic roadmap construction for robot path planning." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/134950.

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In robotics, path planning refers to the process of establishing paths for robots to move from initial positions to goal positions without colliding into any obstacle within specified environments. Constructing roadmaps and searching for paths in the roadmaps is one of the most commonly used methodologies adopted in path planning. However, most sampling-based path planners focus on improving the speed of constructing roadmaps without taking into account the quality. Therefore, they often produce poor-quality roadmaps. Poor-quality roadmaps can cause problems, such as time-consuming path searches, poor quality path production, and even failure of the searching. This research aims to develop a novel sampling-based path planning algorithm which is able to incrementally construct high-quality roadmaps while answering path queries for robots with many degrees of freedom. A novel K-order surrounding roadmap (KSR) concept is proposed in this research based on a thorough investigation into the criteria of high-quality roadmaps, including the criteria themselves and the relationships between them. A KSR contains K useful cycles. There exist a value T for which we can say, with confidence, that the KSR is a high quality roadmap when K=T. A new sampling-based path planning algorithm, known as the KSR path planner that is able to construct a roadmap incrementally while answering path queries, is also developed. The KSR path planner can be employed to answer path queries without requiring any pre-processing. The planner grows trees from the initial and goal III configurations of a path query and connects these two trees to obtain a path. The path planner retains useful vertices of the trees and uses these to construct the roadmap and adds useful cycles to the existing roadmap in order to improve the quality. The roadmap constructed can be used to answer further queries. With the KSR path planner algorithm, there is no need to calculate the value of K to construct a high quality roadmap in advance. The quality of the roadmap improves as the KSR path planner answer queries until the roadmap is able to answer any path queries and no further useful cycles can be added into the roadmap. If the number of path queries is infinite, a high quality KSR can be constructed. The novelty of this KSR path planner is twofold. Firstly, it employs a vertex category classifier to understand local environments where roadmap vertices reside. The classifier is developed using a decision tree method. The classifier is able to classify vertices in a roadmap based on the region information stored in the vertices and their neighbours within a certain distance. The region information stored in the vertices is obtained while the edges connecting the vertices are added to the roadmap. Therefore, employing the vertex category classifier does not require much additional execution time. Secondly, the KSR path planner selects suitable developed strategies to prune the existing roadmap and add useful cycles according to the identified local environments where the vertices reside to improve the quality of the existing roadmap. Experimental results show that the KSR path planner can construct a roadmap and improve the quality of the roadmap incrementally while answering path queries until the roadmap can answer all the path queries without any pre-processing stage. The roadmap constructed by the KSR path planner then achieves better quality than the roadmaps constructed by Reconfigurable Random Forest (RRF) path planner and traditional probabilistic roadmap (PRM) path planner.

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Martins, Miguel António Batista Esteves. "Project and construction of a single point incremental forming machine." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7752.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica
Single Point Incremental Forming is a recent technology that is currently under development. Its applicability is diverse because it allows the attainment of functional parts in sheet metal without great costs. Due to this characteristic, areas such as biomechanics, rapid prototyping and products of customizable features make this process a target of interest. Unfortunately, the means of obtaining parts using single point incremental forming are limited. Usually, CNC machining centers are utilized but due to their cutting-type characteristics, the implementation of the Single Point Incremental Forming is limited and inefficient. Also, the market supply of dedicated machinery requires high investments, thus becoming an unattractive solution. A major obstacle to the application of this technique focuses on the superior time of forming especially when compared to conventional forming techniques. Another disadvantage of this process is the low dimensional accuracy, however, with the development of numerical studies and correction algorithms this problem tends to be minimized. This work aims to complete the project of a single point incremental forming machine that began in previous years. This project has the objective of overcoming the limitations of the current incremental forming machines, but not ignoring the economic factor. Also, this project aims to enlarge the horizons for future research and development of the process, not only improving the machine but also developing and understanding the forming mechanism and the consequent effects of improved material formability.
A estampagem incremental é um processo recente que está em desenvolvimento. A sua aplicabilidade é variada pois permite a obtenção de peças funcionais em chapa metálica sem grandes custos associados. Devido a esta característica, áreas como a biomecânica, prototipagem rápida e produtos de características personalizáveis fazem deste processo um alvo de interesse. Infelizmente, os meios de obtenção de peças usando estampagem incremental por ponto único são limitados. Normalmente faz-se uso de centros de maquinagem CNC adaptados, que devido às suas características próprias de corte por arranque de apara, tornam a aplicação da estampagem incremental limitada e ineficiente. Além disso, a oferta de mercado em maquinaria com características dedicadas ao uso de estampagem incremental requerem elevados investimentos, tornando-se assim uma solução pouco atractiva. Um dos principais obstáculos à aplicação desta técnica centra-se no tempo de conformação elevado, principalmente quando comparado com técnicas de estampagem convencionais. Outra desvantagem deste processo é a baixa precisão dimensional, que todavia com o avanço dos estudos numéricos e com o desenvolvimento de algoritmos de correcção tende a ser minimizado. Neste trabalho pretende-se concluir o projecto de uma máquina para realização de estampagem incremental por ponto único que teve início em anos anteriores. Este projecto tem por objectivo a obtenção de uma máquina que ultrapasse as limitações das máquinas actuais, mas não desconsiderando o factor económico. Além disso este projecto visa ampliar os horizontes para futuras pesquisas e desenvolvimento do processo, tanto na melhoria da máquina, mas também no desenvolvimento e na compreensão do mecanismo de deformação existente e aumento associado da formabilidade material.

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Iu, Vai-pan. "Nonlinear vibration analysis of multilayer sandwich structure by incremental finite elements /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12322945.

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Klinghed, Joel, and Kim Jansson. "Incremental Compilation and Dynamic Loading of Functions in OpenModelica." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12329.

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Advanced development environments are essential for efficient realization of complex industrial products. Powerful equation-based object-oriented (EOO) languages such as Modelica are successfully used for modeling and virtual prototyping complex physical systems and components. The Modelica language enables engineers to build large, sophisticated and complex models. Modelica environments should scale up and be able to handle these large models. This thesis addresses the scalability of Modelica tools by employing incremental compilation and dynamic loading. The design, implementation and evaluation of this approach is presented. OpenModelica is an open-source Modelica environment developed at PELAB in which we have implemented our strategy for incremental compilation and dynamic loading of functions. We have tested the performance of these strategies in a number of different scenarios in order to see how much of an impact they have on the compilation and execution time.

Our solution contains an overhead of one or two hash calls during runtime as it uses dynamic hashes instead of static arrays.

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Iu, Vai-pan, and 姚偉彬. "Nonlinear vibration analysis of multilayer sandwich structure by incremental finite elements." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31230623.

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Clouard, Robert. "Raisonnement incremental et opportuniste applique a la construction dynamique de plans de traitement d'images." Caen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CAEN2009.

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Cette etude traite de la planification d'operateurs pour concevoir des applications de traitement d'images. Une application est specifiee par un utilisateur sous la forme d'une requete precisant les taches a accomplir sur une image, et d'un contexte decrivant l'image et son contenu. Notre approche de la resolution privilegie l'explicitation de la connaissance et la collaboration avec l'utilisateur pour construire dynamiquement des plans idoines a la nature et au contexte de l'application. Un plan est construit par agglomeration d'hypotheses de traitement en utilisant plusieurs niveaux d'abstraction qui traduisent la decomposition de la requete sous la forme d'un enchainement d'actions primitives. Ce plan sert alors de guide a la selection des operateurs, au controle de la parametrisation des operateurs, a l'evaluation des resultats intermediaires et aux replanifications eventuelles. Le modele de raisonnement fait progresser de maniere incrementale et opportuniste chacune des etapes de planification, d'instanciation, d'execution, d'evaluation et de correction pour qu'elles se consolident mutuellement. L'implantation de notre systeme, nomme borg, est base sur l'architecture de tableau noir bb1. Ce systeme s'appuie sur la representation explicite d'une part des expertises de traitement d'images et des strategies de controle de la resolution sous la forme de sources de connaissances modulaires et independantes, et d'autre part du plan de traitement d'images et du plan de controle sous la forme de graphes de buts hierarchiques

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Heneghan, Daire. "Peering In: Improving Existing Buildings with Colorful Increments." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1574.

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Existing office buildings’ embodied energy, history and culture offer something a newly constructed building cannot. On the other hand, new office buildings’ adoption of new technologies and building philosophies offer a range of sustainable efficiencies previously unavailable. Combining these efficiencies with elements that embrace human diversity and well- being offer the opportunity to not only mend our existing buildings’ deteriorating physical bodies but aid in creating workplaces that promote good physical and mental health. This project provides recommendation on how an existing high-rise commercial building can incorporate a number of incremental improvements that continually evolve to meet rapidly changing market demands. This design approach allows for ease of installation and modification to meet the needs of the tenants and the building owner.

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Winqvist, David. "Augmenting communication channels toward the evolution of autonomous construction sites." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12752.

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Context In the last centuries, we have been generating and building infrastructure at a faster pace than ever before. Simultaneously the costs for labor and construction sectors as road and house building is increasing. This provides room for autonomous machines. The development of infrastructure is accomplished through highly efficient and productive construction machinery that progressively modernizes to form the society. In order to increase the pace of development, both cars and industry are getting more and more automated. Volvo Construction Equipment is exploring the autonomous vehicle space. The new machines complement and perfect the human work with efficiency, reliability, and durability. There is however, a question of trust between the human workers and the autonomous machines, I will in this thesis investigate methods on how to develop trust through communication systems with autonomous machines. Objectives To create recommendations and solutions for products that build trust between human and automated machines on a construction site. Method Outcome is reached through a case study exploration with validated learning, meaning that it will incorporate learnings through prototype iterations. Results The result evaluates how trust could be developed between humans and autonomous machinery at a construction site and how communication methods between these parties could be implemented while maintaining high levels of efficiency and safety. Conclusion Findings in this thesis indicates that trust is developed over time with reliable systems that provide colleagues with updated information available at any time. The results can be introduced in both today’s and tomorrow’s construction sites at various levels of advanced technology.
Sammanhang De senaste hundra åren har vi gett upphov till att bygga infrastruktur i en snabbare takt än någonsin tidigare. Samtidigt ökar kostnaderna för både arbetskraft och byggsektorer som väg- och bostadsbyggnader. Denna situation ger utrymme för autonoma maskiner. Utvecklingen av infrastruktur sker genom effektiva och produktiva konstruktionsmaskiner som successivt moderniseras för att forma samhället. För att öka utvecklingstakten moderniseras både bilar och industri för att möta en mer automatiserad vardag. Volvo Construction Equipment undersöker det autonoma fordonsutrymmet för nästa generations maskiner. Automationen kompletterar de nya maskinerna och fulländar det mänskliga arbetet med effektivitet, tillförlitlighet och hållbarhet. Det finns dock en fråga om relationen mellan mänskliga arbetare och autonoma maskiner, jag kommer i denna avhandling undersöka metoder för hur man kan utveckla tillit genom kommunikationssystem mellan arbetare och autonoma maskiner. Mål Att skapa rekommendationer och lösningar för produkter som bygger tillit mellan mänskliga och automatiserade maskiner på en byggarbetsplats. Metod Resultatet uppnås genom användandet av fallstudie forskning kombinerat med validerande lärande. Detta innebär lärdomar med hjälp av en iterativ process utav prototyper som testas och valideras. Resultat Resultatet utvärderar hur förtroende kan utvecklas mellan människor och autonoma maskiner på en byggarbetsplats. Hur kommunikationsmetoder mellan dessa parter skulle kunna genomföras samtidigt som hög effektivitet och säkerhet upprätthålls . Slutsats Lärandet i denna avhandling tyder på att förtroendet utvecklas över tid med tillförlitliga system som ger medarbetare uppdaterad nödvändig information tillgänglig när som helst. Resultaten kan införas i både dagens och framtidens anläggningsplatser på olika nivåer av avancerad teknik.

Vissa delar är borttagan på grund av konfidentialitet.

ME310 Design Innovation at Stanford University

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De, Brito e. Cunha Goncalo. "Incremental parsing of coordinate constructions." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283149.

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Niang, Cheikh Ahmed Tidiane. "Vers plus d'automatisation dans la construction de systèmes mediateurs pour le web semantique : une application des logiques de description." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4020/document.

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Les travaux que nous présentons dans cette thèse concernent l’automatisation de la construction de systèmes médiateurs pour le web sémantique. L’intégration de données de manière générale et la médiation en particulier sont des processus qui visent à exploiter conjointement des sources d’information indépendantes, hétérogènes et distribuées. L’objectif final est de permettre à un utilisateur d’interroger ces données comme si elles provenaient d’un système unique et centralisé grâce à une interface d’interrogation uniforme basée sur un modèle du domaine d’application, appelé schéma global. Durant ces dernières années, beaucoup de projets de recherche se sont intéressés à cette problématique et de nombreux systèmes d’intégration ont été proposés. Cependant, la quantité d’intervention humaine nécessaire pour construire ces systèmes est beaucoup trop importante pour qu’il soit envisageable de les mettre en place dans bien des situations. De plus, face à la diversité et à l’évolution croissante des sources d’information apparaissent de nouveaux chalenges relatifs notamment à la flexibilité et à la rapidité d’accès à l’information. Nos propositions s’appuient sur les modèles et technologies du web sémantique. Cette généralisation du web qui est un vaste espace d’échange de ressources, non seulement entre êtres humains, mais également entre machines, offre par essence les moyens d’une automatisation des processus d’intégration. Ils reposent d’une part sur des langages et une infrastructure dont l’objectif est d’enrichir le web d’informations "sémantiques", et d’autre part sur des usages collaboratifs qui produisent des ressources ontologiques pertinentes et réutilisables
This thesis is set in a research effort that aims to bring more automation in building mediator-based data integration systems in the semantic Web context. The mediator approach is a conceptual architecture of data integration that involves combining data residing in different sources and providing users with a unified view of these data. The problem of designing effective data integration solutions has been addressed by several researches, and well-known data integration projects have been developed during the 90’s. However, the building process of these systems rely heavily on human intervention so that it is difficult to implement them in many situations. Moreover, faced with the diversity and the increase of available information sources, the easiness and fastness of information access are new challenges. Our proposals are based on models and technologies of semantic web. The semantic web is recognized as a generalization of the current web which enables to find, combine and share resources, not only between humans but also between machines. It provides a good track for automating the integration process. Possibilities offered by the semantic web are based, on the one hand, on languages and an infrastructure aiming to enrich the web with "semantic" information and, on the other hand, on collaborative practices that allow the production of relevant and reusable ontological resources

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Langner, Daniel, and Christoff Bürger. "Die C# Schnittstelle der Referenzattributgrammatik-gesteuerten Graphersetzungsbibliothek RACR: Übersicht, Anwendung und Implementierung." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-191908.

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Dieser Bericht präsentiert RACR-NET, eine Schnittstelle der Referenzattributgrammatik-gesteuerten Graphersetzungsbibliothek RACR für C#. RACR-NET ermöglicht die Nutzung der deklarativen, dynamischen Sprachspezifikations-, Instanziierungs- und Auswertungsmeachanismen der RACR Scheme-Bibliothek in der objektorientierten Programmierung. Dies umfasst insbesondere die automatische inkrementelle Auswertung attributbasierter semantischer Analysen und somit das automatische Cachen parametrisierter Funktionsmethoden. Graphersetzungen entsprechen hierbei Zustandsänderungen von Objektinstanzen und der Invalidierung abgeleiteter Berechnungen. Schwerpunkt dieses Berichts ist die objektorientierte Programmierschnittstelle von RACR-NET, dessen praktische Anwendung und Implementierung. Der Bericht ist ein Referenzhandbuch für RACR-NET Anwender und Entwickler.

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BOZIER, JEROME. "Construction incrementale de modele geometrique d'objets dans un contexte robotique." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30011.

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Les capacites de perception sont necessaires a l'autonomie d'un robot. Le traitement des donnees perceptuelles est une operation tres complexe, les capteurs employes pouvant etre nombreux et heterogenes. La generation d'un modele synthetisant ces informations est donc necessaire pour les simplifier et les classer. Les travaux exposes dans ce memoire portent sur la generation de modeles geometriques, ainsi que sur leur recalage et leur fusion. Ces modeles seront utilises par diverses fonctions perceptuelles, tels la reconnaissance d'amers pour la navigation en milieu naturel ou la manipulation d'objets. Les deux premiers chapitres presentent les differents types de capteurs utilises, les techniques de modelisation classiques ainsi que les contraintes imposees par une application robotique embarquee. L'auteur traite ensuite de la generation d'un modele hierarchique geometrique, a base de maillage triangulaire irregulier. Ce modele adaptatif est realise par un processus de split & merge, puis simplifie pour limiter sa taille sans perte de precision. Cette presentation inclut des resultats experimentaux obtenus grace a de nombreux types de capteurs (camera laser, stereo-correlation, vision avec lumiere structuree ou nappe laser a defilement) en environnements interieurs et exterieurs. La derniere partie du memoire presente un mecanisme de recalage entre modeles par une methode derivee de l'algorithme icp, ainsi que la fusion de maillages triangulaires irreguliers. Elle recense en particulier les problemes souleves par l'utilisation de donnees bruitees et par les instabilites numeriques puis propose un ensemble de solutions. Des exemples d'applications de ces methodes de modelisation dans un cadre robotique sont presentes, par des experimentations sur la generation de modeles incrementaux de scenes ou d'objets. Les modeles sont construits a partir de nuages de points acquis par camera laser, stereovision et lumiere strucuree.

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Nordin, Azlin. "Constructing component-based systems directly from requirements using incremental composition." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/constructing-componentbased-systems-directly-from-requirements-using-incremental-composition(68a25711-88a8-4ec5-aece-95325278837d).html.

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In software engineering, system construction typically starts from a requirements specification that has been engineered from raw requirements in a natural language. The specification is used to derive intermediate requirements models such as structured or object-oriented models. Throughout the stages of system construction, these artefacts will be used as reference models. In general, in order to derive a design specification out of the requirements, the entire set of requirements specifications has to be analysed. Such models at best only approximate the raw requirements since these design models are derived as a result of the abstraction process according to the chosen software development methodology, and subjected to the expertise, intuition, judgment and experiences of the analysts or designers of the system. These abstraction models require the analysts to elicit all useful information from the requirements, and there is a potential risk that some information may be lost in the process of model construction. As the use of natural language requirements in system construction is inevitable, the central focus of this study was to use requirements stated in natural language in contrast to any other requirements representation (e.g. modelling artefact). In this thesis, an approach that avoids intermediate requirements models, and maps natural language requirements directly into architectural constructs, and thus minimises information loss during the model construction process, has been defined. This approach has been grounded on the adoption of a component model that supports incremental composition. Incremental composition allows a system to be constructed piece by piece. By mapping a raw requirement to elements of the component model, a partial architecture that satisfies that requirement is constructed. Consequently, by iterating this process for all the requirements, one at a time, the incremental composition to build the system piece by piece directly from the requirements can be achieved. In software engineering, system construction typically starts from a requirements specification that has been engineered from raw requirements in a natural language. The specification is used to derive intermediate requirements models such as structured or object-oriented models. Throughout the stages of system construction, these artefacts will be used as reference models. In general, in order to derive a design specification out of the requirements, the entire set of requirements specifications has to be analysed. Such models at best only approximate the raw requirements since these design models are derived as a result of the abstraction process according to the chosen software development methodology, and subjected to the expertise, intuition, judgment and experiences of the analysts or designers of the system. These abstraction models require the analysts to elicit all useful information from the requirements, and there is a potential risk that some information may be lost in the process of model construction. As the use of natural language requirements in system construction is inevitable, the central focus of this study was to use requirements stated in natural language in contrast to any other requirements representation (e.g. modelling artefact). In this thesis, an approach that avoids intermediate requirements models, and maps natural language requirements directly into architectural constructs, and thus minimises information loss during the model construction process, has been defined. This approach has been grounded on the adoption of a component model that supports incremental composition. Incremental composition allows a system to be constructed piece by piece. By mapping a raw requirement to elements of the component model, a partial architecture that satisfies that requirement is constructed. Consequently, by iterating this process for all the requirements, one at a time, the incremental composition to build the system piece by piece directly from the requirements can be achieved.

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Langner, Daniel, and Christoff Bürger. "Die C# Schnittstelle der Referenzattributgrammatik-gesteuerten Graphersetzungsbibliothek RACR: Übersicht, Anwendung und Implementierung: Entwicklerhandbuch." Technische Universität Dresden, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29142.

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Dieser Bericht präsentiert RACR-NET, eine Schnittstelle der Referenzattributgrammatik-gesteuerten Graphersetzungsbibliothek RACR für C#. RACR-NET ermöglicht die Nutzung der deklarativen, dynamischen Sprachspezifikations-, Instanziierungs- und Auswertungsmeachanismen der RACR Scheme-Bibliothek in der objektorientierten Programmierung. Dies umfasst insbesondere die automatische inkrementelle Auswertung attributbasierter semantischer Analysen und somit das automatische Cachen parametrisierter Funktionsmethoden. Graphersetzungen entsprechen hierbei Zustandsänderungen von Objektinstanzen und der Invalidierung abgeleiteter Berechnungen. Schwerpunkt dieses Berichts ist die objektorientierte Programmierschnittstelle von RACR-NET, dessen praktische Anwendung und Implementierung. Der Bericht ist ein Referenzhandbuch für RACR-NET Anwender und Entwickler.:1. Einleitung 1.1. Aufgabenstellung 1.2. Struktur der Arbeit 2. Konzeptionelle und technische Voraussetzungen 2.1. Überblick der RAG-gesteuerten Graphersetzung 2.2. Scheme 2.3. Die RACR Scheme-Bibliothek 2.4. Das .NET-Framework und die Common Language Infrastructure 2.5. IronScheme 3. RACR-NET Implementierung: Prozedurale Schnittstelle 3.1. Scheme in C# 3.2. RACR in C# 3.3. Anforderungsanalyse 3.4. Implementierung der prozeduralen Schnittstelle 4. RACR-NET Implementierung: Objektorientierte Schnittstelle 4.1. Überblick über die objektorientierte Schnittstelle 4.2. Anwendungsbeispiel 4.3. Herausforderungen bei der Implementierung 4.4. Implementierung 5. Evaluation 5.1. Testen der Schnittstelle 5.2. Performance-Messungen und -Vergleiche 6. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 6.1. Eine objektorientierte Bibliothek für RAG-gesteuerte Graphersetzung 6.2. Zukünftige Arbeiten A. Literaturverzeichnis B. MIT Lizenz

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Wilcox, Samuel L. "Constructing quasi-linear oxygen uptake responses from non-linear parameters." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18706.

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Master of Science
Department of Kinesiology
Thomas J. Barstow
Purpose: Oxygen uptake (VO2) has been shown to be controlled by a nonlinear system, yet the VO2 response to ramp style exercise appears linear. We tested the hypothesis that an integrative model incorporating nonlinear parameter values could accurately estimate actual VO2 responses to ramp style exercise. Methods: Six healthy, men completed three bouts of varying ramp rate exercise (slow ramp (SR): 15 W/min, regular ramp (RR) 30 W/min, fast ramp (FR) 60W/min) and four bouts of extended-step incremental exercise, where each step lasted 5-15 min or until volitional fatigue on a cycle ergometer on separate days. The step-responses were then fit with a simple monoexponential starting at time zero (MONO) or allowing a time delay and using only the first 5 min of data (5TD). The resulting VO2 parameters from the step protocol were incorporated into an integrative model for the estimation of the VO2 response to each of the rates of ramp incremental exercise. The parameters from the actual and model ramp protocols were compared with 2 way repeated-measures ANOVAs. Results: Both Gain (G) and Mean Response Time (MRT) (or time constant) values increased significantly across work rate transitions (mean±SD; Gain:10.0±0.9, 11.6±1.1, 13.1±1.3, 17.6±3.3 ml O2/min/W; MRT:39.4±7.7, 54.0±5.4, 79.6±15.0, 180.1±56.2 s). Up to maximalVO2 the models over-estimated the actual VO2 response for FR (Gain: ACT 8.7±1.0, MONO 9.9±0.4, 5TD 10.3±0.3 ml O2/min/W). Up to 80% maximal VO2 the models accurately predicted the actual VO2 response across all ramp rates (Gain: ACT 10.7±1.1, 10.2±0.5, 9.2±1.0; MONO 11.0±0.8, 10.3±0.6, 9.2±0.5; 5TD 10.4±0.4, 10.2±0.3, 9.8±0.2 ml O2/min/W, values are listed SR,RR,FR). Conclusions: When variable parameter values (G and either MRT or time constant and time delay) were utilized by an integrative model, accurate estimations of the VO2 response to ramp incremental exercise were possible regardless of ramp rate (up to 80% maximal VO2). The increases in both G and MRT (or time constant) appear to balance each other to produce the quasi-linear VO2 responses.

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Bürger, Christoff. "RACR: A Scheme Library for Reference Attribute Grammar Controlled Rewriting." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-104623.

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This report presents RACR, a reference attribute grammar library for the programming language Scheme. RACR supports incremental attribute evaluation in the presence of abstract syntax tree rewrites. It provides a set of functions that can be used to specify abstract syntax tree schemes and their attribution and construct respective trees, query their attributes and node information and annotate and rewrite them. Thereby, both, reference attribute grammars and rewriting, are seamlessly integrated, such that rewrites can reuse attributes and attribute values change depending on performed rewrites – a technique we call Reference Attribute Grammar Controlled Rewriting. To reevaluate attributes influenced by abstract syntax tree rewrites, a demand-driven, incremental evaluation strategy, which incorporates the actual execution paths selected at runtime for control-flows within attribute equations, is used. To realize this strategy, a dynamic attribute dependency graph is constructed throughout attribute evaluation – a technique we call Dynamic Attribute Dependency Analyses. The report illustrates RACR's motivation, features, instantiation and usage. In particular its application programming interface is documented and exemplified. The report is a reference manual for RACR developers. Further, it presents RACR’s complete implementation and therefore provides a good foundation for readers interested into the details of reference attribute grammar controlled rewriting and dynamic attribute dependency analyses.

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Bürger, Christoff. "RACR: A Scheme Library for Reference Attribute Grammar Controlled Rewriting: Developer Manual." Technische Universität Dresden, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25494.

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This report presents RACR, a reference attribute grammar library for the programming language Scheme. RACR supports incremental attribute evaluation in the presence of abstract syntax tree rewrites. It provides a set of functions that can be used to specify abstract syntax tree schemes and their attribution and construct respective trees, query their attributes and node information and annotate and rewrite them. Thereby, both, reference attribute grammars and rewriting, are seamlessly integrated, such that rewrites can reuse attributes and attribute values change depending on performed rewrites – a technique we call Reference Attribute Grammar Controlled Rewriting. To reevaluate attributes influenced by abstract syntax tree rewrites, a demand-driven, incremental evaluation strategy, which incorporates the actual execution paths selected at runtime for control-flows within attribute equations, is used. To realize this strategy, a dynamic attribute dependency graph is constructed throughout attribute evaluation – a technique we call Dynamic Attribute Dependency Analyses. The report illustrates RACR's motivation, features, instantiation and usage. In particular its application programming interface is documented and exemplified. The report is a reference manual for RACR developers. Further, it presents RACR’s complete implementation and therefore provides a good foundation for readers interested into the details of reference attribute grammar controlled rewriting and dynamic attribute dependency analyses.:1. Introduction 1.1. RACR is Expressive, Elegant, Ecient, Flexible and Reliable 1.2. Structure of the Manual 2. Library Overview 2.1. Architecture 2.2. Instantiation 2.3. API 3. Abstract Syntax Trees 3.1. Specification 3.2. Construction 3.3. Traversal 3.4. Node Information 4. Attribution 4.1. Specification 4.2. Evaluation and Querying 5. Rewriting 5.1. Primitive Rewrite Functions 5.2. Rewrite Strategies 6. AST Annotations 6.1. Attachment 6.2. Querying 7. Support API A. RACR Source Code B. MIT License API Index

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Cuneo, Passalacqua Gian Piero, and Miranda Juan José Ricaldi. "Incremento de la productividad de tabiques de albañilería confinada utilizando el sistema constructivo de bloques apilables en seco y autoencajables Ital Block." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/629501.

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El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es idear un sistema que logre disminuir el costo y el tiempo de elaboración de muros no portantes de albañilería confinada. Para lograrlo se ha diseñado un sistema de bloques de arcilla apilables en seco y autoencajables que cumple con todas las normas imputables. Para determinar el rendimiento del sistema diseñado se fabricaron las piezas y se construyó un muro con medidas típicas. Los resultados para dicho caso de estudio se resumen en un ahorro de 17% en el costo directo (considerando todo el muro en su conjunto) y 76% en el tiempo empleado (solo en el asentado de bloques).
The principal objective of this research is to design a system that manage to reduce the cost and time in the construction of non-structural masonry walls. To achieve this, it has been designed a Mortarless Dry-Stacked Interlocking Masonry Clay Bricks which verifies all the imputable codes. To determine the performance of the system, the bricks were made and a wall with typical measurements was built. The results for this study are 17% of reduction in the direct cost (considering the whole wall) and 76 % less time used (alone in the brick seating).
Tesis

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21

Punhagui, Katia Regina Garcia. "Potencial de redução das emissões de CO2 e da energia incorporada na construção de moradias no Brasil mediante o incremento do uso de madeira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-29042015-164644/.

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El presente trabajo busca analizar si el aumento del uso de la madera para la construcción de viviendas puede mitigar las emisiones de dióxido de carbono y disminuir la energía incorporada del sector de la construcción civil en Brasil. El énfasis está en la esfera ambiental, aunque también considera los ámbitos social y económico, que pueden influir en la concepción y eficacia de políticas públicas. Se ha estudiado el ámbito histórico para comprender el desarrollo del parque de viviendas de madera en los últimos cuarenta años y los posibles factores que pueden haber influido en su disminución porcentual dentro del parque total de vivienda brasileño. Se ha explorado el ámbito social para conocer la opinión pública sobre el uso de la madera para la construcción de viviendas, así como los puntos débiles y fuertes del material en el concepto general de la sociedad. En el dominio económico se ha intentado caracterizar el sector maderero y de suministro de viviendas prefabricadas de madera, con la pretensión de apuntar las potencialidades y obstáculos para el desarrollo del mercado. La parte ambiental ha buscado estimar las emisiones de CO2 y energía incorporada de los productos de madera destinados a la construcción, con el fin proporcionar datos para discutir los impactos que tendría un aumento del uso de este material en la construcción civil brasileña. Se concluyó, dentro de los límites de este trabajo, que la madera plantada podría ser implementada como estrategia para disminuir las emisiones de CO2 del sector de la construcción civil en Brasil, pues se considera neutra en carbono, mientras que la madera nativa, al considerarse fuente de carbono, no debería utilizarse con este objetivo. La disminución de la energía incorporada del sector, según los estándares constructivos actuales, depende más de cambios en los procesos relacionados con los materiales que componen la albañilería que de la madera. No obstante, la implementación del uso de la madera enfrenta algunos desafíos, como la aceptación del público en general, cuyas preocupaciones sobre la madera se centran en la durabilidad, el mantenimiento y la seguridad. Además, se ha encontrado una fuerte correlación entre la disminución de las casas de madera con el aumento del Producto Interior Bruto, lo que puede sugerir que el uso del material para viviendas tiene relación con el poder adquisitivo de la población. El precio de los materiales también puede haber influido en esta disminución. La expansión del uso de la madera dependerá, además de incentivos financieros y convencimiento de la sociedad, de la cualificación de mano de obra especializada, el desarrollo tecnológico, la desburocratización, la mejora de las infraestructuras para el transporte de productos y las políticas públicas.
This study aims to analyze whether the increased use of wood for housing construction can mitigate carbon dioxide emissions and reduce embodied energy in the civil construction sector in Brazil. The emphasis is on environmental issues, but considers the social and economic fields that may influence the design and effectiveness of public policy. The historical scope was studied to understand wooden housing stock development over the last 40 years as well as the possible factors that may have influenced its percentage decrease in total Brazilian housing stock. The social aspect was explored to learn the public opinion on the use of wood for housing construction, and the strengths and weaknesses of the material in the general society concept. In the economic domain the aim was to characterize the timber sector and supply of prefabricated wooden houses, focusing on potential and obstacles to market development. The environmental part aimed to estimate CO2 emissions and embodied energy of wood products for the construction, to subsidize data for discussion on the impacts of increasing wood in the Brazilian construction. It was concluded, within the limits of this work, that the planted wood use could be implemented as a strategy for reduction of CO2 emissions in the civil construction sector in Brazil, because it is considered carbon neutral; on the other hand, native wood, being considered a carbon source, should not be used for this purpose. The decrease in the embodied energy of the sector, according to the business as usual, depends more on changes in the processes related to the masonry materials than wood. However, the implementation of the use of wood has some challenges, like the acceptance of the general public, whose concerns include the durability, maintenance and security of the wood. In addition, a strong correlation was found between the wooden houses decrease with GDP increase which may suggest that use of wood for housing is related to the population purchasing power. The price of materials may also have influenced this decline. The expansion of wood use depends, in addition to financial incentives and societal convincing, skilled labor qualification, technological development, reduction of bureaucracy, improvement in infrastructure for the flow of production, and public policies.

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22

Duffóo, Arévalo Gabriel Alonso. "Propuesta e implementación de un plan de mejora continua para incrementar el trabajo productivo de las torres grúa a partir de su análisis en tres proyectos multifamiliares en Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656682.

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Las torres grúa tienen una importancia muy relevante al momento de construir proyectos civiles. Con su inclusión en un proyecto esta maquinaria facilita el movimiento de materiales de construcción, ahorrando así principalmente tiempos y trabajos. Sin embargo, el costo de su instalación, gastos generales, capacitaciones, entre otros puede llegar a representar en varios casos hasta el 7% del presupuesto total en lo que respecta a proyectos inmobiliarios. Por tal motivo, es importante sacarle el mayor provecho posible a esta herramienta de construcción a fin de agilizar procesos de construcción cumpliendo con la programación establecida evitando así retrasos e incremento de costos. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo proponer un plan de mejora continua para el incremento del trabajo productivo de las torres grúa a partir de un análisis de su trabajo según la metodología Lean Construction. El procedimiento constó de recolectar datos por medio de las cartas balance de tres edificaciones cuyas etapas de construcción y ejecución de actividades deberían ser similares para estas tres obras. Luego, se procedió a identificar las posibles causas de la baja productividad para estas ser analizadas a través de una matriz de riesgo y así clasificarlas según el riesgo que conllevaría cada una. Después, se seleccionaron aquellas de criticidad media y alta esto con el objetivo final de proponer un plan de mejora que permita mitigar estos problemas. Esta propuesta fue implementada en uno de los proyectos anteriormente analizados obteniendo finalmente resultados positivos en donde el trabajo productivo tuvo un incremento mínimo de 8%.
Crane towers have a very relevant importance for building projects. With its inclusion in a project, this equipment facilitates the movement of construction materials, saving mainly time and work. However, the cost of its installation, general expenses, training, and others, can in several cases represent up to 7% of the total budget projects. For this reason, it is important to get the most value of this construction tool to speed up construction processes by fulfilling with the established schedule and avoiding delays that at the end turn into higher costs. The present study aims to propose a continuous improvement plan to increase the productive work of tower cranes based on an analysis of their work according to the Lean Construction methodology. The procedure consisted of collecting data through balance charts of three buildings whose stages of construction and execution of activities should be similar for these three projects. Then, we proceeded to identify possible causes of low productivity to be analyzed through a risk matrix and thus classify them according to the risk that each one would entail. Afterwards, those of medium and high criticality were selected with the final objective of proposing an improvement plan that would mitigate these problems. This proposal was implemented in one of the previously analyzed projects, finally obtaining positive results where the productive work had a minimum increase of 8%.
Tesis

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Osório, Fernando Santos. "Inss : un système hybride neuro-symbolique pour l'apprentissage automatique constructif." Grenoble INPG, 1998. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004899.

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Plusieurs méthodes ont été développées par l'Intelligence Artificielle pour reproduire certains aspects de l'intelligence humaine. Ces méthodes permettent de simuler les processus de raisonnement en s'appuyant sur les connaissances de base disponibles. Chaque méthode comporte des points forts, mais aussi des limitations. La réalisation de systèmes hybrides est une démarche courante Qui permet de combiner les points forts de chaque approche, et d'obtenir ainsi des performances plus élevées ou un champ d'application plus large. Un autre aspect très important du développement des systèmes hybrides intelligents est leur capacité d'acquérir de nouvelles connaissances à partir de plusieurs sources différentes et de les faire évoluer. Dans cette thèse, nous avons développé des recherches sur les systèmes hybrides neuro-symboliques, et en particulier sur l'acquisition incrémentale de connaissances à partir de connaissances théoriques (règles) et empiriques (exemples). Un nouveau système hybride, nommé système INSS - Incremental Neuro-Symbolic System, a été étudié et réalisé. Ce système permet le transfert de connaissances déclaratives (règles symboliques) d'un module symbolique vers un module connexionniste (réseau de neurones artificiel - RNA) à travers un convertisseur de règles en réseau. Les connaissances du réseau ainsi obtenu sont affinées par un processus d'apprentissage à partir d'exemples. Ce raffinement se fait soit par ajout de nouvelles connaissances, soit par correction des incohérences, grâce à l'utilisation d'un réseau constructif de type Cascade-Correlation. Une méthode d'extraction incrémentale de règles a été intégrée au système INSS, ainsi que des algorithmes de validation des connaissances qui ont permis de mieux coupler les modules connexionniste et symbolique. Le système d'apprentissage automatique INSS a été conçu pour l'acquisition constructive (incrémentale) de connaissances. Le système a été testé sur plusieurs applications, en utilisant des problèmes académiques et des problèmes réels (diagnostic médical, modélisation cognitive et contrôle d'un robot autonome). Les résultats montrent que le système INSS a des performances supérieures et de nombreux avantages par rapport aux autres systèmes hybrides du même type
Various Artificial Intelligence methods have been developed to reproduce intelligent human behaviour. These methods allow to reproduce some human reasoning process using the available knowledge. Each method has its advantages, but also some drawbacks. Hybrid systems combine different approaches in order to take advantage of their respective strengths. These hybrid intelligent systems also present the ability to acquire new knowledge from different sources and so to improve their application performance. This thesis presents our research in the field of hybrid neuro-symbolic systems, and in particular the study of machine learning tools used for constructive knowledge acquisition. We are interested in the automatic acquisition of theoretical knowledge (rules) and empirical knowledge (examples). We present a new hybrid system we implemented: INSS - Incremental Neuro-Symbolic System. This system allows knowledge transfer from the symbolic module to the connectionist module (Artificial Neural Network - ANN), through symbolic rule compilation into an ANN. We can refine the initial ANN knowledge through neural learning using a set of examples. The incremental ANN learning method used, the Cascade-Correlation algorithm, allows us to change or to add new knowledge to the network. Then, the system can also extract modified (or new) symbolic rules from the ANN and validate them. INSS is a hybrid machine learning system that implements a constructive knowledge acquisition method. We conclude by showing the results we obtained with this system in different application domains: ANN artificial problems(The Monk's Problems), computer aided medical diagnosis (Toxic Comas), a cognitive modelling task (The Balance Scale Problem) and autonomous robot control. The results we obtained show the improved performance of INSS and its advantages over others hybrid neuro-symbolic systems

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García, Katia Regina Punhagui. "Potencial de reducción de las emisiones de CO2 y de la energía incorporada en la construcción de viviendas en Brasil mediante el incremento del uso de la madera." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/279369.

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This study aims to analyze whether the increased use of wood for housing construction can mitigate carbon dioxide emissions and reduce embodied energy in the civil construction sector in Brazil. The emphasis is on environmental issues, but considers the social and economic fields that may influence the design and effectiveness of public policy. The historical scope was studied to understand wooden housing stock development over the last 40 years as well as the possible factors that may have influenced its percentage decrease in total Brazilian housing stock. The social aspect was explored to learn the public opinion on the use of wood for housing construction, and the strengths and weaknesses of the material in the general society concept. In the economic domain the aim was to characterize the timber sector and supply of prefabricated wooden houses, focusing on potential and obstacles to market development. The environmental part aimed to estimate C02 emissions and embodied energy of wood products for the construction, to subsidize data for discussion on the impacts of increasing wood in the Brazilian construction. lt was concluded, within the limits of this work, that the planted wood use could be implemented as a strategy for reduction of C02 emissions in the civil construction sector in Brazil, because it is considered carbon neutral; on the other hand, native wood, being considered a carbon source, should not be used for this purpose. The decrease in the embodied energy of the sector, according to the business as usual, depends more on changes in the processes related to the masonry rnaterials than wood. However, the implementation of the use of wood has some challenges, like the acceptance of the general public, whose concerns include the durability, maintenance and security of the wood. In addition, a strong correlation was found between the wooden houses decrease with GDP increase which may suggest that use of wood for housing is related to the population purchasing power. The price of materials may also have influenced this decline. The expansion of wood use depends, in addition to financial incentives and societal convincing, skilled labor qualification, technological development, reduction of bureaucracy, improvement in infrastructure for the flow of production, and public policies.
El presente trabajo busca analizar si el aumento del uso de la madera para la construcción de viviendas puede mitigar las emisiones de dióxido de carbono y disminuir la energía incorporada del sector de la construcción civil en Brasil. El énfasis está en la esfera ambiental, aunque también considera los ámbitos social y económico, que pueden influir en la concepción y eficacia de políticas públicas. Se ha estudiado el ámbito histórico para comprender el desarrollo del parque de viviendas de madera en los últimos cuarenta años y los posibles factores que pueden haber influido en su disminución porcentual dentro del parque total de vivienda brasileño. Se ha explorado el ámbito social para conocer la opinión pública sobre el uso de la madera para la construcción de viviendas, así como los puntos débiles y fuertes del material en el concepto general de la sociedad. En el dominio económico se ha intentado caracterizar el sector maderero y de suministro de viviendas prefabricadas de madera, con la pretensión de apuntar las potencialidades y obstáculos para el desarrollo del mercado. La parte ambiental ha buscado estimar las emisiones de C02 y energía incorporada de los productos de madera destinados a la construcción, con el fin proporcionar datos para discutir los impactos que tendría un aumento del uso de este material en la construcción civil brasileña. Se concluyó, dentro de los límites de este trabajo, que la madera plantada podría ser implementada como estrategia para disminuir las emisiones de C02 del sector de la construcción civil en Brasil, pues se considera neutra en carbono, mientras que la madera nativa, al considerarse fuente de carbono, no debería utilizarse con este objetivo. La disminución de la energía incorporada del sector, según los estándares constructivos actuales, depende más de cambios en los procesos relacionados con los materiales que componen la albañilería que de la madera. No obstante, la implementación del uso de la madera enfrenta algunos desafíos, como la aceptación del público en general, cuyas preocupaciones sobre la madera se centran en la durabilidad, el mantenimiento y la seguridad. Además, se ha encontrado una fuerte correlación entre la disminución de las casas de madera con el aumento del Producto Interior Bruto, lo que puede sugerir que el uso del material para viviendas tiene relación con el poder adquisitivo de la población. El precio de los materiales también puede haber influido en esta disminución. La expansión del uso de la madera dependerá, además de incentivos financieros y convencimiento de la sociedad, de la cualificación de mano de obra especializada, el desarrollo tecnológico, la desburocratización, la mejora de las infraestructuras para el transporte de productos y las políticas públicas.

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Mertová, Eliška. "Dálniční most přes široké údolí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265345.

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The aim of this diploma thesis was the design of three possible variants, how to span the wide and deep valley with a bridge. After an evaluation, situation of the highway on the only wide load-bearing structure which is constituted by a box girder with transverse cantilevers supported by prefabricated bar braces, was chosen as an optimal solving. The load- bearing structure made of post- tensioned concrete is going to be incrementally launched and be supported by one-column pillars along an axis of the motorway. The work is composed of a detailed design of this preferred variant, which is processed according to the ultimate and serviceability limit state including the construction stage analysis of the bridge by the construction technology by an incremental launching method.

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Aliouane-Shaw, Hocine. "Application des théories de la complexité à la planification et à la gestion de l’espace des campus universitaires : l’exemple du campus bordelais (Talence-Pessac-Gradignan)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30051.

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La révolution numérique bouleverse la pratique universitaire et impacte de manière significative l’organisation spatiale des institutions d’enseignement supérieur. Pourtant, le système de planification spatial de ces territoires d’innovation et de communication intense continue de se référer à des schémas directeurs qui ne permettent pas d’intégrer en temps réel, les changements en matière de pratique universitaire et de faire évoluer les structures physiques en conséquence. Se situant dans une perspective d’aménagement et de planification urbaine, la recherche interroge les outils qui régissent actuellement l’aménagement de l’espace universitaire dans le monde, en accordant une attention particulière aux tentatives d’actualiser les modes de gestion de l’espace qui s’appuient sur les avancées dans le domaine des sciences de la communication et de l’information et leur application à la gestion des systèmes complexes. La recherche se donne ainsi pour objet d’explorer en quoi une application des théories de la complexité à l’univers des campus permettrait d’adapter leur système de planification et de gestion à l’imprévisibilité des bouleversements en cours, tout en autorisant l’adaptation continue des structures physiques à ces évolutions. Après avoir explicité la genèse et la teneur des principales théories de la complexité dans le champ scientifique, la recherche explore leur application à la planification urbaine, à travers notamment le modèle de planification mis en place sur le campus d’Eugene en Oregon en 1974 par l’architecte Christopher Alexander. La compréhension de ce modèle singulier permet de mettre en perspective les outils et les méthodes de planification en vigueur sur les sites universitaires en France, et notamment sur le campus bordelais TPG. La recherche analyse ainsi les méthodes et outils d’aménagement déployés par les deux institutions universitaires afin d’intégrer (en temps réel ou décalé), les changements intervenant dans la pratique universitaire (modes d’apprentissage et de transmission des connaissances, recherche), tout en faisant évoluer les structures physiques du campus
The digital revolution is disrupting university practice and significantly impacting the spatial organization of higher education institutions. However, the spatial planning system of these territories of innovation and intense communication still continues to refer to master plans that do not allow changes in university practice to be integrated in real time and does not enable physical structures to evolve accordingly. Stemming from an urban planning and development perspective, this research questions the tools that currently govern the development of university space around the world, paying particular attention to attempts to update spatial management methods based on advances in the field of communication and information sciences and their application to the management of complex systems. The research thus aims to explore how an application of complexity theories to campus development would adapt the university’s planning and management system to the unpredictability of ongoing shifts, while allowing for the continuous adaptation of physical structures to these changes. After explaining the genesis and content of the main complexity theories in the scientific field, the research explores their application to urban planning, in particular through the planning model set up on the Eugene campus in Oregon in 1974 by architect Christopher Alexander. Understanding this unique model allows us to put into perspective the planning tools and methods in use at university sites in France, and in particular on the Bordeaux TPG campus. The research thus analyses the planning methods and tools used by the two university institutions in order to integrate (in real or delayed time) changes in university practice (learning and knowledge transmission methods, research), while adapting the physical structures of the campus

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Shieh, Ea-Hon, and 謝育弘. "Construction Checklists for Incremental Launching Method." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87775928900391882772.

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碩士
國立中興大學
土木工程學系所
99
In construction, bridges are one of the most used ways to over come obstacles. To be more precious, bridges are used to connect transportaion channels like roads, railroads, canals, or over construction tools like channels, electric poles.Also bridges are used in order to over come natural obstacles like rivers, bays, valleys and so on or man made obstacles like highways,railroads, bridges are also the most important key to a transportation system because of the importance of bridges. The metal bridges competition benefit increasingly becoming more important. There are many construction methods for bridges, e.g., precast prestressing I-beam cantilever method, full-span precast launching method, advanced shoring method, incremental launching method, cast balanced cantilever method, precast segmental cantilever method, steel pipe outrigger trussing method, on-site shoring method, etc. However, this study probes solely into the precast segmental cantilever method for incremental launching method bridges with local shoring. Exploration of potential problems encountered in the process of designing and constructing of the bridges is performed. The measures for handling the problems and finally an autonomous checklist are created for builders’ references. The inner stress generated in various phases of the construction method might exceed the load-carrying capacity designed. Whether the attentions have been paid to the correct prestressing order is key to the success of the bridge construction. The method should carry out structural analysis along with the construction steps to confirm the stresses at any phrase are all in their allowable ranges. the scope of secondary allowance of inner stress. Study of the possible failure modes of the bridges after completion is also made herein and the likely failure load based upon the findings is proposed for designer’s reference.

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28

Ren, Haoxing. "Incremental placement for modern VLSI design closure." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2626.

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"An incremental alternation placement algorithm for macrocell array design." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886910.

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by Tsz Shing Cheung.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990.
Includes bibliographical references.
Chapter Section 1 --- Introduction --- p.2
Chapter 1.1 --- The Affinity Clustering Phase --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- The Alteration Phase --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Floorplan of Macrocell Array --- p.3
Chapter 1.4 --- Chip Model --- p.4
Chapter 1.4.1 --- Location Representation --- p.4
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Interconnection Length Estimation --- p.6
Chapter 1.5 --- Cost Function Evaluation --- p.6
Chapter 1.5.1 --- Net-length Calculation --- p.6
Chapter 1.5.2 --- Net-length Estimated by Half of the Perimeter of Bounding Box --- p.7
Chapter 1.6 --- Thesis Layout --- p.8
Chapter Section 2 --- Reviews of Partitioning and Placement Methods --- p.9
Chapter 2.1 --- Partitioning Methods --- p.9
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Direct Method --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Group Migration Method --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Metric Allocation Methods --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Simulated Annealing --- p.11
Chapter 2.2 --- Placement Methods --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Min-cut Methods --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Affinity Clustering Methods --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Other Placement Methods --- p.16
Chapter Section 3 --- Algorithm --- p.17
Chapter 3.1 --- The Affinity Clustering Phase --- p.18
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Construction of Connection Lists --- p.18
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Primary Grouping --- p.21
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Element Appendage to Existing Groups --- p.23
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Loose Appendage of Ungrouped Elements --- p.25
Chapter 3.1.5 --- Single Element Groups Formation --- p.26
Chapter 3.2 --- The Alteration Phase --- p.27
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Element Assignment to a Group --- p.29
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Empty Space Searching --- p.30
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Determination of Direction of Element Allocation --- p.31
Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Cross-cut Direction of Allocation --- p.32
Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Dynamic Determination of Path Based on Size Functions --- p.34
Chapter 3.2.3.2.1 --- Segmentation of Cross-cut --- p.35
Chapter 3.2.3.2.2 --- Partial Optimization of Segments --- p.36
Chapter 3.2.3.2.3 --- Dynamic Linking of Segments --- p.38
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Element Allocation --- p.39
Chapter Section 4 --- Implementation --- p.41
Chapter 4.1 --- The System Row --- p.41
Chapter 4.1.1 --- The Affinity Clustering Phase --- p.43
Chapter 4.1.2 --- The Alteration Phase --- p.44
Chapter 4.2 --- Data Structures --- p.47
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Insertion of Elements to a Linked List --- p.54
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Dynamic Linking of Segments --- p.56
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Advantages of the Dynamic Data Structure --- p.59
Chapter 4.3 --- Data Manipulation and File Management --- p.60
Chapter 4.3.1 --- The Connection Lists and the Group List --- p.60
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Description on Programs and Data Files --- p.62
Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- The Affinity Clustering Phase --- p.63
Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- The Alteration Phase --- p.64
Chapter Section 5 --- Results --- p.70
Chapter 5.1 --- Results on Affinity Clustering Phase --- p.84
Chapter 5.2 --- Details of Affinity Clustering Procedure on Ckt. 2 and Ckt. 5 --- p.92
Chapter 5.3 --- Results on Alteration Phase --- p.97
Chapter 5.4 --- Details of Alteration Procedure on Ckt. 2 and Ckt. 5 --- p.101
Chapter Section 6 --- Discussion --- p.107
Chapter 6.1 --- Computation Time of the Algorithm --- p.107
Chapter 6.2 --- Alternative Methods on the Determination of Propagation Path --- p.110
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Method 1 --- p.110
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Method 2 --- p.111
Chapter 6.2.3 --- Method 3 --- p.114
Chapter 6.2.4 --- Comparison on Execution Time of the Four Methods --- p.117
Chapter 6.3 --- Wiring Optimization --- p.118
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Data Structure --- p.119
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Overlapping and Separate Bounding Boxes --- p.120
Chapter 6.4 --- Generalization of the Data Structure --- p.122
Chapter 6.4.1 --- Cell Types --- p.123
Chapter 6.4.2 --- Adhesive Attributes --- p.124
Chapter 6.4.3 --- Blocks Representation --- p.124
Chapter 6.4.4 --- Critical Path Adjustment --- p.125
Chapter 6.4.5 --- Total Interconnection Length Estimation --- p.129
Chapter 6.5 --- A New Placement Algorithm --- p.130
Chapter 6.6 --- An Alternative Method on Element Allocation --- p.132
Chapter Section 7 --- Conclusion --- p.136
Chapter Section 8 --- References --- p.138
Chapter Section 9 --- Appendix I --- p.142
Chapter 9.1 --- Definition of the Problem --- p.142
Chapter 9.2 --- The Simulated Annealing Algorithm --- p.142
Chapter 9.3 --- Example Circuit --- p.143
Chapter 9.4 --- Performance Indices and Energy Value --- p.144
Chapter 9.4.1 --- Total Interconnection Length --- p.144
Chapter 9.4.2 --- Delay on Critical Paths --- p.144
Chapter 9.4.3 --- Skew in Input-to-Output Delays --- p.146
Chapter 9.4.4 --- Energy Value --- p.146
Chapter 9.5 --- The Simulation Program --- p.146
Chapter 9.5.1 --- "The ""function"" Subroutines" --- p.147
Chapter 9.5.1.1 --- alise --- p.147
Chapter 9.5.1.2 --- max delay --- p.147
Chapter 9.5.1.3 --- replace --- p.147
Chapter 9.5.1.4 --- total length --- p.147
Chapter 9.5.2 --- "The ""procedure"" Subroutines" --- p.148
Chapter 9.5.2.1 --- init_weight --- p.148
Chapter 9.5.2.2 --- inverse --- p.148
Chapter 9.5.2.3 --- initial --- p.148
Chapter 9.5.2.4 --- shuffle --- p.148
Chapter 9.5.3 --- The Main Program --- p.148
Chapter 9.6 --- Results and Discussion --- p.149
Chapter 9.7 --- Summary --- p.156
Chapter 9.8 --- References --- p.156
Chapter Section 10 --- Appendix II --- p.157

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30

"Improving FPGA designs with incremental logic resynthesis and shortcut-based routing architecture." Thesis, 2008. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074675.

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Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) has a dominating market in digital system prototyping and reconfigurable computing. To make a flexible and efficient FPGA chip both the hardware architecture and the design tool should be further engineered. An innovative architecture always requires excellent development of EDA tools to fully explore the intrinsic merits of the hardware.
FPGA Technology Mapping is an important design automation problem which affects placement and routing dramatically. Depth-optimal technology mapping algorithms were proposed and produced quality mapping solution for delay minimization. However such algorithms have not yet considered to further reduce area consumption using the powerful logic transformation techniques.
On hardware side, we present a study on the effect of direct and fast routing hard-wires in FPGA routing architecture. Based on the routing pattern analyzed from real routing data, we proposed a so-called shortcut -based routing to handle short and localized routing requirements. Experimental results show that the shortcuts are well utilized and it allows a better average wirelength usage in the whole routing architecture.
On software side, we propose a versatile approach to combine logic transformation and technology mapping. In addition to a level-reduction scheme, we also present a method of reducing the number of LUTs used while keeping the depth optimality. Our approach is based on a greedy but effective heuristic to choose good alternative wires for transformation. Large number of experiments were conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the system. Our results show that our approach can effectively reduce at least 5% (up to 25%) of the area over initial mapping by various state-of-the-art FPGA technology mappers. Furthermore, we found that the delay performance can be improved by 5% when the area is reduced by our system.
Tang, Wai Chung.
Adviser: David Yu-Liang Wu.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3704.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-74).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
School code: 1307.

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31

SHI, TAIHWA, and 頊台華. "Construction Practics & Design Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Bridges by Incremental Launching Method." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05506469345890050555.

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碩士
朝陽大學
營建工程系碩士在職專班
89
Over the past few years, the RSEA company (author''s serving company) initiated a multi-discipline research team concentrating it efforts on the development of construction techniques of bridges so as to improve the company''s bridge constructing ability and to strengthen the company''s competing potentials in the construction market. The main goal of the teamwork would be to build up an independently managing system for the bridge construction and to reduce the overall construction cost as well. In this work, specific theories associated with stress analysis and construction practices during the entire construction duration for prestressed concrete bridges built using Incremental Launching Method (ILM) are reviewed. The contents of this thesis can be divided into two parts. The first part is aimed to study the construction characteristics of the ILM constructed bridges with emphases on the assessment of different employing devices and launching equipment demanded for various constructing methods and different site conditions. The second part of the study summarizes the programming efforts in preparing the input data for the ABI (Adapt Bridge Incremental) software. This bridge analysis software is currently used by RSEA in their design-analysis work of several ongoing bridge construction projects. Based on the developed forward and backward data treatment programs, better engineering decisions and more efficient scheduling process can be achieved. The well known Microsoft EXCEL spreadsheet was selected as the data treatment program module due to its simplicity and wide acceptance. The forward treatment program developed in this work, Abinp.xls, not only provides an efficient way in input preparation but also significantly reduces the editorial error caused during the input preparation process. When combining with the forward treatment program implemented with Fortran language, the developed package serves as a user-friendly checking tool with a quick evaluation process for the on-site structures. It is believed that the developed program package will provide a more appropriate decision-making environment to the engineers so as to save costs from the safety and the economy aspects. Finally, the C-CHO-BI No. 1 draining bridge of the project C334 of the Second Freeway (NanTou Segment) is used as an example to illustrate the application of the developed programs.

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32

Mkhize, Nkosinjani Agripper. "An investigation of how construction skills transfer leads to sustainable employment and housing improvements in incremental housing projects." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2135.

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This research investigates the impacts of construction skills acquired by the beneficiaries who participated in the construction of housing in the three case studies used in this study; the housing policy also assumes such a connection. The study argues that the construction skills can assist training beneficiaries to acquire sustainable employment in the housing construction industry. The housing beneficiaries have however experienced the problem of being unable to make further housing completion due to various problems such as unemployment, low income, regulations and building standards. Therefore, the study also assumes that housing construction industry has a potentially pivotal role to play in providing sustainable employment to the training beneficiaries, which In turn allow them to generate income for housing improvements. The study uses two core-housing approaches (incremental and enabling), which emphasises the importance of construction skills to the training beneficiaries and are relevant to the South African Housing Policy. This study argues that the Housing Policy has a crucial role to play in construction skills acquisition during the construction of incremental housing projects. This study investigates the relationship among skills, employment and housing improvements of Hambanati, Mshayazafe and Waterloo areas in KwaZulu-Natal. A research In this study has been conducted for the purpose of highlighting realities regarding the impact of acquiring relevant construction skills through incremental housing projects. The research will enable the study to inform the government's current housing policy about the potential benefits of providing construction skills in the delivery of incremental housing.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, 2003.

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33

Craig-Atkins, E., Jacqueline R. Towers, and Julia Beaumont. "The role of infant life histories in the construction of identities in death: An incremental isotope study of dietary and physiological status among children afforded differential burial." 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16540.

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Yes
Objectives Isotope ratio analyses of dentine collagen were used to characterize short-term changes in physiological status (both dietary status and biological stress) across the life course of children afforded special funerary treatment. Materials and Methods Temporal sequences of δ15N and δ13C isotope profiles for incrementally-forming dentine collagen were obtained from deciduous teeth of 86 children from four early-medieval English cemeteries. Thirty-one were interred in child-specific burial clusters, and the remainder alongside adults in other areas of the cemetery. Isotope profiles were categorized into four distinct patterns of dietary and health status between the final prenatal months and death. Results Isotope profiles from individuals from the burial clusters were significantly less likely to reflect weaning curves, suggesting distinctive breastfeeding and weaning experiences. This relationship was not simply a factor of differential age at death between cohorts. There was no association of burial location with stage of weaning at death, nor with isotopic evidence of physiological stress at the end of life. Discussion This study is the first to identify a relationship between the extent of breastfeeding and the provision of child-specific funerary rites. Limited breastfeeding may indicate the mother had died during or soon after birth, or that either mother or child was unable to feed due to illness. Children who were not breastfed will have experienced a significantly higher risk of malnutrition, undernutrition and infection. These sickly and perhaps motherless children received care to nourish them during early life, and were similarly provided with special treatment in death.
University of Sheffield Early Career Researcher Scheme by a grant awarded to ECA in 2014-15.

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34

Wang, Yan. "Design techniques for wideband low-power Delta-Sigma analog-to-digital converters." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/13664.

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Delta-Sigma (ΔΣ) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are traditionally used in high quality audio systems, instrumentation and measurement (I&M) and biomedical devices. With the continued downscaling of CMOS technology, they are becoming popular in wideband applications such as wireless and wired communication systems,high-definition television and radar systems. There are two general realizations of a ΔΣ modulator. One is based on the discrete-time (DT) switched-capacitor (SC) circuitry and the other employs continuous-time (CT) circuitry. Compared to a CT structure, the DT ΔΣ ADC is easier to analyze and design, is more robust to process variations and jitter noise, and is more flexible in the multi-mode applications. On the other hand, the CT ΔΣ ADC does not suffer from the strict settling accuracy requirement for the loop filter and thus can achieve lower power dissipation and higher sampling frequency than its DT counterpart. In this thesis, both DT and CT ΔΣ ADCs are investigated. Several design innovations, in both system-level and circuit-level, are proposed to achieve lower power consumption and wider signal bandwidth. For DT ΔΣ ADCs, a new dynamic-biasing scheme is proposed to reduce opamp bias current and the associated signal-dependent harmonic distortion is minimized by using the low-distortion architecture. The technique was verified in a 2.5MHz BW and 13bit dynamic range DT ΔΣ ADC. In addition, a second-order noise coupling technique is presented to save two integrators for the loop filter, and to achieve low power dissipation. Also, a direct-charge-transfer (DCT) technique is suggested to reduce the speed requirements of the adder, which is also preferable in wideband low-power applications. For CT ΔΣ ADCs, a wideband low power CT 2-2 MASH has been designed. High linearity performance was achieved by using a modified low-distortion technique, and the modulator achieves higher noise-shaping ability than the single stage structure due to the inter-stage gain. Also, the quantization noise leakage due to analog circuit non-idealities can be adaptively compensated by a designed digital calibration filter. Using a 90nm process, simulation of the modulator predicts a 12bit resolution within 20MHz BW and consumes only 25mW for analog circuitry. In addition, the noise-coupling technique is investigated and proposed for the design of CT ΔΣ ADCs and it is promising to achieve low power dissipation for wideband applications. Finally, the application of noise-coupling technique is extended and introduced to high-accuracy incremental data converters. Low power dissipation can be expected.
Graduation date: 2010

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35

Lin, Yi-Ling, and 林怡伶. "Constructing Tagging-based Mobile Ad Profiling: An Incremental 3-layer Clustering Framework." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01412807608817525108.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
102
Smart phones have become very ubiquitous in recent years, and in-app advertising is a primary business model for mobile applications. Following this trend, researchers are interested in how to provide appropriate ads to target users. In this thesis, we particularly focus on considering and analyzing the role of apps in ad-clicking behavior. We believe that user preference will be directly reflected on the apps they use. To capture the hidden interests of their target customers, advertisers should identify the characteristics of apps. On the other hand, adaptive profiling has been proposed to match user profiles and campaign profiles. However, when applying this concept to mobile advertising, how to produce profiles from tremendous amounts of daily mobile data is a challenging issue. We explore the problem of producing mobile ad profiles from mobile user-generated data and incorporate the usage log of apps into ad profiling. We propose a novel 3-layer clustering framework to realize the tagging-based mobile ad profiling. Moreover, since new usage logs will be generated continually, an incremental mechanism is also designed to address the update issue and provide up-to-date clustering results.

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36

Chien, Yin-Ying, and 簡銀瑩. "The Effects of the One-Year Extension of the 50% Tax Rate Cut of the Land Value Increment Tax on Listed Construction Companies." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x43824.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
會計學研究所
92
Abstract Graduate Institute of Accounting National Taiwan University Title : The Effects of the One-Year Extension of the 50% Tax Rate Cut of the Land Value Increment Tax on Listed Construction Companies. Name : Chien, Yin Ying Advisor : Lin, Suming, Ph.D. Month/Year : June, 2004 Although there were heavy disputes over the extension of the 50% tax rate cut of the land value increment tax, the legislative Yuan finally passed the proposal to extend such tax privilege one more year till the end of January 2005. This study attempts to investigate whether the one-year extension of tax privilege would result in the positive cumulative abnormal volume (CAV) of the listed construction companies as well as the relation between CAV and the following five company characteristic variables: debt ratio, house built to sell/total assets ratio, land and construction in process/total assets ratio, market value/book value ratio, and stock’s closing prices on the event day. This study finds the following results. First, during the event dates (from 2003/12/29 to 2004/01/07), the average cumulative abnormal volume is 11.99%, which is significantly positive. Second, those listed construction companies with higher land and construction-in-process/total assets ratio had lower cumulative abnormal volume. Third, as the empirical evidence indicates, the debt ratio, house built to sell/total assets ratio, market value/book value ratio and stock’s closing prices were not related to the cumulative abnormal volume.

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37

Hsieh, Chia-Ying, and 謝佳穎. "Study on the Constructing Forecasting Model of Local Government Revenue using LSTM-RNN Taking Land Value Increment Tax as an Example." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2u7g3k.

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碩士
國立政治大學
資訊管理學系
106
Financial integrity is the cornerstone of the country's economic sustainable development. In order to use the funds reasonably and effectively, the government will compose budget according to the possible annual revenues and annual expenditures, so as to prepare for the funding needs of the coming year. Tax revenue is the most important source of revenue for our government. Therefore, it's an important issue for the government to estimate the tax revenue effectively. There are various studies such as regression analysis and time series analysis have been used to predict tax revenue in the past. However, most of the research is based on the overall government's annual income or national taxes, and lack of local government and monthly income. In addition, with the development of information technology, the computing power of various hardware has been steadily increasing. The neural network has received attention once again, and the architecture that has been limited by hardware performance also can be realized. In the neural network that emerged in recent years, the recurrent neural network uses memory cells to transmit information, making significant progress in time-series related applications. And the improved version - long short-term memory recurrent neural networks is the main architecture be used. In his research, we uses the increase and decrease of land value increment tax in six counties such as Taipei City and New Taipei City as the forecast target. We test different neural network hyperparameters systematically to find the most suitable neural network architecture gradually, and forecast the tax increase and decrease and the tax level of the six cities respectively. According to empirical research, the long short-term memory recurrent neural network architecture adopted in this research has an average and best accuracy of 65% and 69% in terms of tax increase and decrease and tax level, respectively. The best result of accuracy rates for a single county are 76% and 93% respectively. Otherwise, in terms of the impact of data distribution on neural networks, after exploring the forecast results of various cities. We found that the distribution of data has no significant impact when predict tax increase and decrease. But the accuracy rate will increase when the distribution of tax revenue level is less balanced.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Incremental Construction'

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