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1
Mahmood, Imdad Ali, Arshad Ali, Armghan Shahzad, and Tariq Sultan. "Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Yield of Direct Seeded Rice and Wheat Influenced by Residues Incorporation and Phosphorus Application under Saline Soil." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 59, no. 2 (August 24, 2016): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.59.2.2016.59.68.
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A two years field study according to split plot design was conducted to investigate the impactof crop residue (CR) incorporation and P application (0, 40, 80, 120 kg P2O5/ha) on P use efficiency andyield of direct seeded rice (DSR) and wheat grown under saline soil (ECe = 4.59 dS/m; pHs = 8.38;SAR = 6.57 (mmolc/L)1/2; extractable P = 4.07 mg/kg; texture = sandy clay loam), during the years 2011and 2012. Planting of DSR (with and without crop residue incorporation @ 2 tonnes/ha) were placed inmain plots and P application was in sub plots. Data on tillering, plant height, panicle length, 1000 grainweight, paddy and straw yields were collected. On an average of two years, maximum tillers (18), paniclelength (33), grain/panicle (121) and paddy yield (3.26 t/ha) were produced with P application @ 80 kgP2O5/ha along with CR incorporation. Similarly in case of wheat grown after DSR, maximum tillers (17),spike length (17), grains/panicle (66) and grain yield (3.56 t/ha) were produced with P application @ 80 kgP2O5/ha along with CR incorporation. Although, the growth and yield contributing parameters with thistreatment (80 kg P2O5/ha + CR) performed statistically equal to 120 kg P2O5/ha without CR incorporationduring both the years, but on an average of two years, grain yield of DSR and wheat was significantlysuperior (22 and 24%, respectively) than that of higher P rate (120 kg/ha) without CR. Overall, continuoustwo years CR incorporation further increased (17%) paddy yields during the follow up year of crop harvest.Higher P use efficiency and concentrations of P, K+ and Ca2+ in both DSR and wheat plant tissues wasfound where 80 kg P2O5/ha was applied along with CR incorporation or 120 kg P2O5/ha alone while Na+and Mg2+ concentration decreased with CR incorporation and increasing P rate. An increasing trend inDSR paddy and wheat grain yields was observed with increasing the rate of P application without CRincorporation, however, it was not as much as that of 80 kg P2O5/ha application with CR incorporationand found to be superior than rest of the treatments during both study years.
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Kosenko, N. F., M. A. Smirnova, and O. P. Denisova. "Kinetics of mechanically activated P2O5 incorporation into Al2O3." Inorganic Materials 41, no. 3 (March 2005): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10789-005-0120-2.
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Mrudhula, K. Anny, and Y. Suneetha. "Yield and economics of blackgram crop effected by green manures and phosphorus levels in riceblackgram cropping sequence." AGRICULTURE UPDATE 15, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/au/15.4/351-358.
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A field experiments was conducted during 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of green manures and phosphorus levels in blackgram crop at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. The experiment was conducted in split- split plot design on sandy clay loam soil with three main treatments three subtreatments to Kharif rice and three sub-sub treatments to Rabi crop. The treatments consisted of Dhaincha green manure crop, sunnhemp green manure crop and without green manure as main plot treatments and three phosphorus levels to rice crop comprising of 45 kg P2O5 ha-1, 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 as sub- plot treatments and are replicated thrice. The Rabi experiment was laid out on the same site in a split-split plot design without disturbing the soil for succeeding blackgram crop and each of the Kharif plot was divided into three sub-sub plots to receive three levels of phosphorus (No P, 50% RDP and 100% RDP) to each plot. Yield and economics of blackgram which received Dhaincha green manure incorporation with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 to Kharif rice crop and 100% RDP to Rabi blackgram was recorded significantly higher and it was on a par with sunnhemp green manure incorporation with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 to Kharif rice crop and 100% RDP to Rabi blackgram.
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Reddy, U. Vijaya Bhaskar, G. Prabhakara Reddy, and M. Srinivasa Reddy. "Effect of Nutrient Management and Crop Residue Incorporation on Phosphorus Uptake of Maize (Zea mays L) at Different Growth Stages." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 4 (March 8, 2023): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i41707.
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The uptake of phosphorus was found to increase with each successive increase in nitrogen level from 200 to 300 kg ha-1 and up to 60 kg ha-1 with increase in age of the crop with higher uptake at 300 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1. Crop sown in N3P3 (300 kg N + 80 kg P2O5 ha-1) recorded significantly higher phosphorus uptake by grain. Higher nutrient uptake was recorded in F2 (125% of F1) and F4 (F2+ Kharif crop residue incorporation), while the sub plot F1 (Recommended dose of N and P2O5) and F3 (F1+ Kharif crop residue incorporation) recorded lower nutrient uptake during both the years. The uptake of phosphorus by maize increased with each successive increment of nitrogen and phosphorus but the trend is not consistent. The higher level of nutrients supplied through increased dose of nitrogen along with phosphorus is conducive for extensive root proliferation, to explore a greater volume of soil and absorb larger quantities of nutrients. Enhanced uptake of nutrients often tends to correlate positively with dry matter production and concentration of nutrients in the plant under higher level of nutrient supply. Residues of corn did not affect the P uptake and the nutrients released from corn residue is not a major contributor for subsequent corn nutrient uptake in sandy loam soils as is evidenced with highest nutrient uptake in the plots received with 125 % recommended dose either with or without residue incorporation.
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Kharadi, R. R., K. P. Bhuriya, V. P. Bamaniya, and K. L. Pargi. "Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Physical Properties & Nutrients Content and Uptake of Summer Green Gram." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 20 (September 19, 2023): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i203797.
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The investigation was carried out during summer season to know the effect of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on physicochemical properties of soil & content and uptake of plants. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) followed by twelve treatments with four replications. Water holding capacity, bulk density, porosity of soil was not significantly influenced by application of organic and inorganic fertilizers at harvest. Application of vermicompost @ 1.0 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher nitrogen content & uptake in seed and stover and potassium content in stover of green gram which was at par with incorporation of FYM @ 4 t ha-1 but phosphorus content & uptake was not significantly influenced by either incorporation of FYM or vermicompost or inorganic fertilizer. The use of 100% RDF (20 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 ha-1) resulted in significantly higher uptake of nitrogen and potassium by seed, stover and total uptake by crop and were at par with the application of 75% RDF (15 kg N + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1). Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content & uptake in seed, stover and total uptake of green gram was significantly higher recorded with the incorporation of FYM @ 4 t ha-1 which was at par with application of vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1. Application of farm yard manure @ 4 t ha-1 or vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 along with inorganic fertilizers @ 75% RDF (15 kg N + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1) is best suited for improving physico-chemical properties of soil and nutrients content & uptake of green gram.
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R K, Kaleeswari, Maragatham S, and Latha M R. "Direct and Residual Effect of Phosphorous Sources and Manures on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Rice in Alfisol." Madras Agricultural Journal 99, March (2012): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.100010.
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Field experiments were conducted to study direct and residual effect of P-sources and organic manures on rice. Green leaf manuring increased the yield and nutrient uptake by rice. The increase in grain yield with the addition of GLM + URP @ 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 over URP @ 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 were 31 per cent in the fertilized plots and 27.9 per cent in the residual plots. Combined application of GLM and P @ 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 irrespective of the P source increased the nutrient uptake by rice. A drastic reduction of value : cost ratio at higher level of fertilizer P application, irrespective of the P sources was recorded. The additional expenditure on incorporation of poultry manure was the highest which dropped the value : cost ratio considerably.
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C.M, LUKADE, and RANE M.S. "EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENTS ON PRE AND POST EMERGENCE OF ROOT ROT AND YIELD OF SAFFLOWER." Madras Agricultural Journal 81, January (1994): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01294.
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Field experiment was conducted with treatment shedule included four levels of N, three levels of P2Os, combination of two levels on N and P2O5 as a inorganic source and four levels of FYM as organic source applied through soil in rabi season. The results indicated that the incorporation of FYM at 40, 30, 20 cart loads/ha were found effective in minimising the incidence of root rot and increasing the grain yield of safflower. Application of nitrogen in combination with phosphorus at optimum doses of 50 N + 25 P20s and 25 N + 12.5 P20s kg/ha also were found effective in reducing the root rot and thereby increasing the grain yield. However, when these inorganic amendments applied singly were found ineffective.
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Mrudhula, K. Anny, and Y. Suneetha. "Yield and economics of rice crop as influenced by green manures and phosphorus levels." INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS 11, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/irjaes/11.2/205-211.
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A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of green manures and phosphorus levels to rice crop at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. The experiment was conducted in split plot design on sandy clay loam soil with three main treatments and three subtreatments. The treatments consisted of Dhaincha green manure crop, sunnhemp green manure crop and without green manure as main plot treatments during Kharif season and three phosphorus levels to rice crop @ 45 kg P2O5 ha-1, 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 75 kg P2O5 ha-1as sub-plot treatments. Significantly the highest grain yield of rice was recorded with Dhaincha green manure incorporated treatment (5592 and 5587 kg ha-1) when compared to control. Among the phosphorus levels applied to rice crop the highest grain yield (5545 and 5567 kg ha-1) was recorded with 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 and it was on a par with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 during both the years of study. Dhaincha green manure incorporation to rice crop recorded maximum gross returns (Rs. 88724 and Rs. 88703), net returns (Rs. 36024 and Rs. 36003) and benefit cost ratio (1.68 and 1.7) and significantly the maximum gross returns (Rs. 88014 and Rs. 88443), net returns (Rs. 35005 and Rs. 34585), benefit cost ratio (1.67 and 1.7) were observed, which received 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 treatment during both the years of study.
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Naveen, Parangi, Y. Siva Lakshmi, K. Bhanu Rekha, and T. Anjaiah. "Effect of Tillage, Crop Residue Management and Nutrient Levels on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 11 (November 3, 2023): 2191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113381.
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A field study was conducted during rabi season of 2022 at Maize Research Centre, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agriculture University, Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana. The experiment comprised of 12 treatment combinations laid out in a split–plot design with three replications. The main–plot treatments included four different tillage practices:M1-Conventional tillage (Plough + Cultivator + Rotovator), M2-Residue incorporation (After 10 days of spreading the haulms, only rotovator was run), M3- Residue incorporation (After spreading the haulms, microbial consortium was sprayed and after 10 days only rotovator was run) and M4- Zero-tillage (only microbial consortium was sprayed on the haulms). Sub–plot treatments included three nutrient levels: N1- 100% RDF (240-80-80 N-P2O5-K2O kg ha-1), N2: 100% RDN & P and 50% RDK (240-80-40 N-P2O5-K2O kg ha-1), and N3: 87.5% of RDN, 75% RDP and 75% RDK (210-60-60 N-P2O5-K2O kg ha-1). Results revealed that, among the tillage practices, residue incorporation (M3) had recorded significantly higher growth attributes like plant height, leaf area, dry matter production and chlorophyll content (SPAD) at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest stages and yield of maize and it was on par with zero-tillage (M4) whereas all the parameters were significantly lower in conventional tillage (M1). Among the different nutrient levels, N1(100% RDF) had shown significantly superior performance in terms of growth attributes and yield of maize and it was on par with N2 (100% RDN & P and 50% RDK) whereas N3(87.5% of RDN, 75% RDP and 75% RDK) recorded significantly lower growth attributes and yield of maize .The interaction effect due to tillage and nutrient levels on plant height, leaf area, dry matter production, chlorophyll content (SPAD) at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest and yield was non- significant.
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M.S, Waghmare, Ugile S.K., Chavan P. G., and Waghmode B.G. "Effect of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms and Phosphorus Levels on Growth Yield and Quality of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Inceptisol." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 5 (March 29, 2024): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i54540.
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A field study was conducted to know the “Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and phosphorus levels on growth, yield and quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in inceptisol.” The experiment was laid in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with sixteen treatments, replicated thrice during rabi season of 2019-20 at the Department Research Farm of SSAC, College of Agriculture, Latur. The treatments comprises four main (absolute control, Bacillus megaterium, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus awamori @ 10 ml kg-1 seed treatment) and four sub treatments (0,45,60 and 75 P2O5 kg ha-1). The results indicated that, the incorporation of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms viz. Aspergillius awamori @ 10 ml kg-1 seed in combination with soil application of 75 P2O5 kg ha-1 found to be effective in improving growth and yield attributing characters viz. number of root nodules, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content , grain yield and straw yield as compared to Aspergillus niger and Bacillus megaterium along with 60 P2O5 kg ha-1 and over control. Further results revealed that test weight and protein percentage was significantly influenced with the seed treatment of Aspergillius awamori @ 10 ml kg-1 seed in combination with application of 75 P2O5 kg ha-1.
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Oo, Aung Zaw, Yasuhiro TSUJIMOTO, and Njato Mickaël RAKOTOARISOA. "Optimizing the Phosphorus Concentration and Duration of Seedling Dipping in Soil Slurry for Accelerating the Initial Growth of Transplanted Rice." Agronomy 10, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020240.
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Given the finite nature of P fertilizer resources, it is imperative to investigate effective P management practices in order to achieve sustainable rice production. This study was conducted (1) to assess the effect of dipping rice seedlings in P-enriched slurry before transplanting (P-dipping, hereafter) on initial plant growth and (2) to determine the optimum P concentration and dipping duration. In the P-dipping treatments, four P2O5 concentrations in the slurry (4.3%, 5.0%, 6.0%, and 7.5%) and four dipping durations (0.5 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h) were investigated. After the treatments, the seedlings were transplanted into 1/5000 Wagner pots and grown under flooded conditions for 42 days and they were compared with plants under conventional P incorporation at the rate of 300 mg P2O5 pot−1 and with plants under no P application. The amount of P2O5 attached to P-dipped seedlings, or locally applied in the rhizosphere at transplanting, increased with higher P concentrations in the slurry, ranging from 87.5 to 112.2 mg pot−1. Shoot biomass at 42 days after transplanting (DAT) was greatly increased in plants under the P-dipping treatments, compared to that in plants with no P application and was comparable to or greater than that in plants under conventional P incorporation, even when P levels were 2.5 to 3 times lower. Among the P-dipping treatments, we observed some significant effects of P concentrations and dipping durations on seedling P uptake and shoot biomass, without any interaction between these variables. Seedling P uptake and biomass tended to be higher with higher P concentrations in slurry and longer dipping durations. Conversely, the shoot biomass at 42 DAT was significantly lower in plants under the highest P concentration treatment (7.5% P2O5) compared to that in other plants and tended to be lower with longer dipping durations (4 h and 8 h). These negative effects can be attributed to the slow recovery from transplanting shock because of the chemical damage of seedlings exposed to higher salt concentrations for longer durations. The present study highlights that (1) P-dipping could be an effective approach to increase transplanted rice production with minimal P inputs, and (2) this effect could be higher with a low P-concentration in the slurry (4.3% P2O5) and a short dipping duration (0.5 h). Based on the obtained results, further on-farm trials are expected to assess farmers’ appreciation and the potential constraints of adopting this technique.
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Hlaing, Thidar, Kyi Moe, Ei Han Kyaw, Kyaw Ngwe, Myat Moe Hlaing, and Htay Htay Oo. "Assessment of Green Manure Crops and their Impacts on Mineralizable Nitrogen and Changes of Nutrient Contents in the Soil." Asian Soil Research Journal 8, no. 2 (April 16, 2024): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/asrj/2024/v8i2149.
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To evaluate the green manure crops those can promote soil properties and the ability of nitrogen (N) mineralization in paddy soil, a pot experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Yezin Agricultural University, Naypyidaw, Myanmar from April to August 2022. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Ten green manure crops were sown as treatments: soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr), green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wildzek.), black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper.), cowpea (Vigna catjang), cowpea white (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), lab lab bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet.), mayflower bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), rice bean (Vigna umbellata), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), and dhaincha (Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.)). At the flowering stage, various green manures were incorporated into the soil, and their growth characters were measured along with the mineralizable N, total N, phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) contents of the soil. The results indicated that rice bean, sunn hemp, and dhaincha had higher shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh weight, and dry weight compared to other varieties. In addition, they contain a higher percentage of total N content and total P2O5, and consequently, its C:N ratio was lower. After incorporating green manures into the soil, the mineralizable N increased gradually from 0 weeks to 10 weeks and then, the nutrient values decreased. Among green manures, sunn hemp, dhaincha, and rice bean were found to have higher mineralizable N (%) and applicable mineralized N than others. In conclusion, the incorporation of green manures into the soil improves the N, P2O5, and K2O contents of the soil, along with the mineralizable N content. Among green manure crops, dhaincha, rice bean, and sunn hemp were superior to other varieties due to higher biomass yield, mineralizable N (%), and chemical compositions, especially total N content.
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Solgi, S., M. Shahrezaee, A. Zamanian, T. S. Jafarzadeh Kashi, Majid Raz, K. Khoshroo, and M. Tahriri. "Sol-Gel Synthesis and Characterization of SiO2-CaO-P2O5-SrO Bioactive Glass: In Vitro Study." Key Engineering Materials 631 (November 2014): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.631.30.
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Bioactive glass of the type CaO–SrO–P2O5–SiO2was obtained by the sol-gel processing method. Three samples containing 0 mol%, 5 mol% and 10 mol% of SrO were synthesized. The obtained bioactive glasses were characterized by the techniques such as, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the effect of SrO/CaO substitution on in vitro biological properties of the synthesized glasses were evaluated and biocompatibility of the samples was measured using MTT assay. The results showed that incorporation of Sr in the obtained glass network did not result in any structural alteration of it due to the similar role of SrO compared with that of CaO. In vitro experiments with human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63) and MTT assay indicated that bioactive glass incorporating 5 mol% of Sr in the composition is non-toxic and revealed good biocompatibility.
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Naveen, Parangi, K. Akhil, Y. Siva Lakshmi, and M. S. Reddy. "Effect of Tillage, Crop Residue Management and Nutrient Levels on Energetics, Microbial Growth, Dehydrogenase Activity, Weed Parameters, Quality Parameters and Soil Physico-Chemical Properties of Maize (Zea mays L.)." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 12 (December 15, 2023): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i123666.
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The field experiment on “Effect of tillage, crop residue management and nutrient levels on energetics, microbial growth, dehydrogenase activity, weed parameters, quality parameters and soil physico-chemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.)” was conducted during rabi season of 2022-23 at Maize Research Centre, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agriculture University, Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana. The experiment comprised of 12 treatment combinations laid out in a split–plot design with three replications. The main–plot treatments included four different tillage practices:M1-Conventional tillage (Plough + Cultivator + Rotovator), M2-Residue incorporation (After 10 days of spreading the haulms, only rotovator was run), M3- Residue incorporation (After spreading the haulms, microbial consortium was sprayed and after 10 days only rotovator was run) and M4- Zero-tillage (Only microbial consortium was sprayed on the haulms). Sub–plot treatments included three nutrient levels: N1- 100% RDF (240-80-80 N-P2O5-K2O kg ha-1), N2: 100% RDN & P and 50% RDK (240-80-40 N-P2O5-K2O kg ha-1), and N3: 87.5% of RDN, 75% RDP and 75% RDK (210-60-60 N-P2O5-K2O kg ha-1). Results revealed that, among the tillage practices, residue incorporation (M3) had recorded significantly higher total microbial population, dehydrogenase activity and post-harvest soil available NPK of maize and lowest weed density and weed dry matter and it was on par with zero-tillage (M4) whereas all the parameters were significantly lower in conventional tillage (M1). However, Energy indices viz., energy use efficiency, specific energy, net energy, energy productivity, energy intensiveness was found to be the best in M1 -conventional tillage. Among the different nutrient levels, N1 (100% RDF) had shown significantly higher total microbial population, dehydrogenase activity and post-harvest soil available NPK of maize. Energy indices viz., energy use efficiency, specific energy, net energy and energy productivity was found to be the best in N1- 100% RDF. Whereas energy intensiveness was found to be best with N3- 87.5% of RDN, 75% RDP and 75% RDK. However, energy indices like energy use efficiency, energy productivity and energy intensiveness indicated non-significant effect of different nutrient levels. Tillage as well as nutrient levels did not exert any significant effect on moisture content and bulk density at sowing, tasselling & silking and at harvest stages. Similar results were followed with quality parameters. The interaction effect due to tillage and nutrient levels on soil microbial studies, enzymatic activity, weed parameters, quality parameters, soil physico-chemical parameters, and energy indices was found non- significant.
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Amgain, Rita, Dinesh Khadka, Sushila Joshi, and Rajan Malla. "Depth-wise variations of soil physicochemical properties in the apple growing area of Mustang district, Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i2.32486.
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Understanding the soil fertility is an important management tool in assessing the nutrient requirement of the crops. Considering this, a study was done to determine depth-wise soil parameters distribution in the apple growing areas of Gharpajhog Rural Municipality, Mustang during October 2019. The total 68 sampling points were selected randomly in the different sites, and collection was done from three depths viz. 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm by using soil sampling auger. The soil separates, pH, organic matter, total N, available P2O5 and K2O were determined following standard methods in National Soil Science Research Centre, Khumaltar. The results of the study revealed that the effect of depth was significant in the sand and silt proportion, while non- significant in clay proportion. The highest (40.17±1.57%) sand content was in 40-60cm depth, meanwhile highest (45.64±1.07%) silt content was in surface (0-20cm) depth. In addition to this, soil pH, OM, total N, available P2O5 and K2O were also affected by the depth. The highest (8.27) pH was determined in the lower (40-60cm) depth. On the other hand, highest OM (4.93±0.2%), total N (0.24±0.01%), available P2O5 (43.47±4.35 mg/kg) and available K2O (95.91±5.8 mg/kg) in surface (0.20 cm) depth. The surface depth possessed strong content of studied soil parameters might be due to in-situ incorporation of leaf litter, residue etc. as well as applied manure in the surface. Finally, we can also conclude that the adopted current nutrient management practice should be continued for apple production in the study area.
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Shivakumar, B. G., B. N. Mishra, and R. C. Gautam. "Nutrient economy through land configuration and residue management in a greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping sequence with limited water supplies." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 52, no. 4 (March 1, 2005): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.52.2004.4.6.
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A field experiment on a greengram-wheat cropping sequence was carried out under limited water supply conditions in 1997-98 and 1998-99 at the farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The greengram was sown either on flat beds or on broad beds 2 m in width, divided by furrows, with 0, 30 and 60 kg P2O5/ha. After the harvest of greengram pods, wheat was grown in the same plots, either with the greengram stover removed or with the stover incorporated along with 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha applied to wheat. The grain yield of greengram was higher when sown on broad beds with furrows compared to flat bed sowing, and the application of 30 or 60 kg P2O5/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yields compared to no phosphorus application. The combination of broad bed and furrows with phosphorus fertilization was found to be ideal for achieving higher productivity in greengram. The land configuration treatments had no impact on the productivity of wheat. The application of phosphorus to the preceding crop had a significant residual effect on the grain yield of wheat. The incorporation of greengram stover also significantly increased the grain yield of wheat. The increasing levels of N increased the grain yield of wheat significantly up to 80 kg/ha. The combination of greengram stover incorporation and 80 kg N/ha applied to wheat significantly increased the grain yield. Further, there was a significant interaction effect between the phosphorus applied to the preceding crop and N levels given to wheat on the grain yield of wheat.
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Hohenbild, Frederike, Marcela Arango Ospina, Sarah I. Schmitz, Arash Moghaddam, Aldo R. Boccaccini, and Fabian Westhauser. "An In Vitro Evaluation of the Biological and Osteogenic Properties of Magnesium-Doped Bioactive Glasses for Application in Bone Tissue Engineering." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 12703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312703.
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Magnesium (Mg2+) is known to play a crucial role in mineral and matrix metabolism of bone tissue and is thus increasingly considered in the field of bone tissue engineering. Bioactive glasses (BGs) offer the promising possibility of the incorporation and local delivery of therapeutically active ions as Mg2+. In this study, two Mg2+-doped derivatives of the ICIE16-BG composition (49.46 SiO2, 36.27 CaO, 6.6 Na2O, 1.07 P2O5, 6.6 K2O (mol%)), namely 6Mg-BG (49.46 SiO2, 30.27 CaO, 6.6 Na2O, 1.07 P2O5, 6.6 K2O, 6.0 MgO (mol%) and 3Mg-BG (49.46 SiO2, 33.27 CaO, 6.6 Na2O, 1.07 P2O5, 6.6 K2O, 3.0 MgO (mol%)) were examined. Their influence on viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) was explored in comparison to the original ICIE16-BG. All BGs showed good biocompatibility. The Mg2+-doped BGs had a positive influence on MSC viability alongside with inhibiting effects on MSC proliferation. A strong induction of osteogenic differentiation markers was observed, with the Mg2+-doped BGs significantly outperforming the ICIE16-BG regarding the expression of genes encoding for protein members of the osseous extracellular matrix (ECM) at certain observation time points. However, an overall Mg2+-induced enhancement of the expression of genes encoding for ECM proteins could not be observed, possibly due to a too moderate Mg2+ release. By adaption of the Mg2+ release from BGs, an even stronger impact on the expression of genes encoding for ECM proteins might be achieved. Furthermore, other BG-types such as mesoporous BGs might provide a higher local presence of the therapeutically active ions and should therefore be considered for upcoming studies.
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Terzopoulou, Zoi, Diana Baciu, Eleni Gounari, Theodore Steriotis, Georgia Charalambopoulou, Dimitrios Tzetzis, and Dimitrios Bikiaris. "Composite Membranes of Poly(ε-caprolactone) with Bisphosphonate-Loaded Bioactive Glasses for Potential Bone Tissue Engineering Applications." Molecules 24, no. 17 (August 23, 2019): 3067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173067.
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Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a bioresorbable synthetic polyester with numerous biomedical applications. PCL membranes show great potential in guided tissue regeneration because they are biocompatible, occlusive and space maintaining, but lack osteoconductivity. Therefore, two different types of mesoporous bioactive glasses (SiO2-CaO-P2O5 and SiO2-SrO-P2O5) were synthesized and incorporated in PCL thin membranes by spin coating. To enhance the osteogenic effect of resulting membranes, the bioglasses were loaded with the bisphosphonate drug ibandronate prior to their incorporation in the polymeric matrix. The effect of the composition of the bioglasses as well as the presence of absorbed ibandronate on the physicochemical, cell attachment and differentiation properties of the PCL membranes was evaluated. Both fillers led to a decrease of the crystallinity of PCL, along with an increase in its hydrophilicity and a noticeable increase in its bioactivity. Bioactivity was further increased in the presence of a Sr substituted bioglass loaded with ibandronate. The membranes exhibited excellent biocompatibility upon estimation of their cytotoxicity on Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (WJ-SCs), while they presented higher osteogenic potential in comparison with neat PCL after WJ-SCs induced differentiation towards bone cells, which was enhanced by a possible synergistic effect of Sr and ibandronate.
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Yousaf, Ghufran, Fahad Ali Fayyaz, and Muhammad Hassan Yousaf. "Interaction of Cropping Pattern and Fertility Treatments on Yield and Sustainability of Mixed Cropping System under Moisture Regime." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 11, no. 4 (April 23, 2023): 657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i4.657-664.5390.
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The farmers in most regions of Pakistan are heavily reliant on traditional farming approaches all year round and tend to cultivate exhaustive crops like wheat, cotton, maize, and sugarcane in most areas of the country. Consistently adopting this system leads to depleting the soil fertility status, which they overcome by instigating an uneconomical way of using excessive chemical fertilizers to maximize crop yields. These fertilizers are truly acidic and adversely affect soil health. Adopting sustainable farming approaches by the incorporation of legumes into the farming system with an integrated nutrient supply restores soil fertility and maintains the sustainability of the agro-ecosystem. A field experiment was performed to determine the significance of the integrated source of nutrient management on the growth and yield of sole and mixed cultures of sorghum and mungbean crops in areas with moisture regimes. The fertility treatments applied to the sole and intercrops of sorghum and mung-bean in a given sequence; i) Control, ii) Compost @ 10 t/ha, iii) FYM @ 20 t/ha, iv) NP @ 40 kg N + 30 kg P2O5 ha-1, v) ½ of recommended Compost @ 5 t/ha + ½ of recommended NP @ 20 kg N & 15 kg P2O5 ha-1, vi) ½ of recommended FYM @ 10 t/ha + ½ of recommended NP @ 20 kg N & 15 kg P2O5 ha-1. The sole crop of mungbean gave a maximum grain yield of 2229.1 kg/ha over an intercrop of 1779.7 kg/ha. Similarly, the highest grain yield of 2779.8 kg/ha of sorghum was obtained in sole culture over its intercrop of 2150.9 kg/ha. The interaction effect of cropping pattern and fertility treatments showed that sorghum and mungbean gave significant results for growth and yield parameters where a combined dose of organic & mineral fertilizers were provided in comparison to the plots where these fertilizers were applied in split doses.
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Sharma, A. R., and B. N. Mittra. "Effect of green manuring and mineral fertilizer on growth and yield of crops in rice-based cropping on acid lateritic soil." Journal of Agricultural Science 110, no. 3 (June 1988): 605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600082198.
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SummaryGreen manuring in situ with sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea) and dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) significantly improved growth and yield of transplanted rice. Giving the green manure crops 15 kg N/ha or 15 kg N and 30 kg P2O5/ha further increased yield. Interaction between green manuring and N fertilizer revealed that a considerable quantity of fertilizer N (45–60 kg N/ha) applied to rice could be replaced by incorporation of green manure crops to which a small amount of fertilizer had been applied. Residual fertility in terms of organic carbon and available N, P and K increased under green manuring, whereas N fertilizer made no impact on fertility build up. Grain yield of wheat and gram increased when grown after rice in plots which had grown green manure.
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Ali, A., A. Usman, and B. Adejo. "Suitability Assessment of Soils of Selected Areas of Benue State, Nigeria, for Maize Production and their Management Implications." Journal of Current Opinion in Crop Science 2, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.62773/jcocs.v2i1.43.
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Suitability assessment of soils of selected local government areas (LGAs) of Benue State, Nigeria was carried out to determine the soil types, fertility status and suitability level for maize cultivation. The study locations were Obagaji, Agatu LGA; Igumale, Ado LGA; Ugbokpo, Apa LGA; Idekpa, Ohimini LGA; Orokam, Ogbadibo LGA and Adoka, Otukpo LGA. Soil samples (representative of the entire fields) collected from farmer’s cultivated maize fields and adjacent non- cultivated fields in each of the study location were analyzed for both soil physical and chemical properties using standard soil analytical procedures. The soil types and degradation status of the soils were assessed on the basis of the results of the soil properties using standard indicators and criteria for land degradation assessment by Food and Agriculture Organization. Suitability ratings of the soils were determined using soil type, non-parametric (conventional) and parametric methods. Results indicated that soils of Adoka, Idekpa and Obagaji were highly degraded with respect to bulk density. The soils of all locations were very highly degraded with respect to phosphorus. Fertilization and incorporation of organic manure will be required for optimum production of maize on the soils investigated. For maize production in Ugbokpo, Igumale and Orokam, 30 Kg N, 60 Kg P2O5 and 30 Kg K2O per hectare is recommended while for Obagaji, Adoka and Idekpa, 30 Kg N, 60 Kg P2O5, and 60 Kg K2O per hectare is recommended.
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Hamzah, H., Ramli Arifin, and Sib Krishna Ghoshal. "Reduction of Hygroscopicity in Zinc-Calcium-Phosphate Glass via Iron-Oxide Incorporation." Solid State Phenomena 268 (October 2017): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.268.82.
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Despite several advantages of phosphate glass systems, their hygroscopic tendency (absorbing or attracting moisture from the atmosphere) remain a major limiting factor for widespread industrial applications. Dedicated efforts are made to improve the hygroscopic nature of such glasses for making them chemically durable and greatly resistant towards moisture attack. Guided by this requirement, we prepared five phosphate glass samples of composition (70-x) P2O5–xFe2O3–25ZnO–5CaO with controlled manipulation of iron-oxide contents (Fe2O3: x = 0 to 20 mol %) using melt-quenching method. The influence of Fe2O3 (as modifier) contents variation on the improvement of structural and chemical strength is determined. As-synthesized glass samples are immersed in acidic solutions for corrosion test. In this test, glass samples are engrossed in the aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) media at 90 °C and soaked for a period of 4 h. The corrosion rate (CR) was calculated from the weight loss obtained after the test. The least number of CR indicates that the inclusion of Fe2O3 in the glass network improved the network rigidity and made the glass much stronger as well as more water resistant. However, it is also established that there is an optimum limit of Fe2O3 content beyond which the durability cannot be further improved. The AFM analysis of pre- and post- chemically treated glass samples informed the surface roughness and 3D topography. Present observation must be validated with other supporting experiments and model calculation which is underway. In this study, it revealed that the lowest corrosion rate was sample S3 (10% of Fe2O3) which have CR value of 1.02±0.12 ´ 10-3gcm-2h-1 .
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Shakirov, Rafil, Zakirzhan Bikmuhametov, Fidail Hisamiev, and Faik Safiollin. "CHANGE IN FERTILITY INDICATORS OF GRAY FOREST SOIL AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY IN THE CROP ROTATION LINK WHEN APPLYING FERTILIZERS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 15, no. 2 (September 8, 2020): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-59-65.
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The purpose of the work is to study the effect and aftereffect of various types and rates of fertilizers on the change in the main fertility indicators of gray forest soil, as well as the productivity of the crop rotation link. The experiments were carried out in the grain-row unit (spring wheat - corn - spring wheat - peas) of a nine-field grain-herb-row crop rotation. The scheme of the experiment provided for the study of the following options: the calculated doses of mineral fertilizers for the formation of 4 t/ha of spring wheat grain, 40 t/ha of green mass of corn, 3 t/ha of pea grain, thermally treated granulated chicken manure in doses 1, 2, 3 t/ha, bedding manure in a dose equivalent to 3 t/ha of granulated droppings, buckwheat stubble green manure sown after harvesting winter rye. Under the influence of 1-2-3 t/ha of granulated chicken manure, the content of nitrogen (Nг) in the soil increased, compared with the control, by 73.1-81.1-112.0%, respectively, phosphorus (P2O5) - by 69.3- 79.8-91.3%, potassium (K2O) - by 90.3-140-188%; in the first year of aftereffect, Nг increased by 42.6-50.5-58.4%, P2O5- by 28.6-39.3-52.1%, K2O - by 56.1-84.8-170, 7%; in the second year of aftereffect Nг - by 13.1-21.3-44.0%, P2O5- by 40.1-51.2-74.4%, K2O - by 63.3-124.1-133.1 %. When manure was applied (42 t/ha), the amount of Nг, P2O5, K2O decreased, compared to 3 t/ha of granulated chicken manure, in the year of action, respectively, by 43.4, 19.0 and 42.2%, in the first year of aftereffect - by 16.6, 22.1, 48.1%. In the second year of the aftereffect, the values of these indicators when using manure and 3 t/ha of granulated chicken manure were equivalent. In the variant with the incorporation of buckwheat green manure, the content of mobile forms of macronutrients varied similarly to manure. Under the influence of 1, 2 and 3 t/ha of granulated chicken manure, the productivity of the crop rotation link increased, compared with the control, by 78.5, 104.3, 122.6%, respectively. The effect from the action and three years of aftereffect of 42 t/ha of manure was below the level of 3 t/ha of of granulated chicken manure by 12% (productivity growth 110.6%), buckwheat green manure - at the level of 1 t/ha of granulated chicken manure (productivity growth 80.6%) ... Depending on the type and norms of fertilizers, the profitability of production was 54 ... 196%
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Amgain, Rita, Dinesh Khadka, and Sushila Joshi. "Soil macronutrient status in different depths after wheat harvest in the paddy-wheat cropping system of Rupandehi District of Nepal." Nepal Agriculture Research Journal 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v15i1.51038.
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Understanding the soil nutrient content varied with the soil depth is one of the most important aspects of every crop husbandry practice and information about the soil nutrient status of a certain area is very important for nutrient management programs. Considering this, a study was carried out in order to find out the depth-wise status of soil pH, soil organic matter and macronutrients in the paddy-wheat cropping system of the different areas of Rupandehi District of Nepal. The study was undertaken from April, 2019 to May 2019 immediately after the harvesting of the wheat crop. Altogether 108 samples were collected from two soil depths (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) of randomly selected 54 sampling points by using a soil sampling auger. The soil parameters were determined by analyzing the samples at National Soil Science Research Centre, Khumaltar. The results of the study showed that soil pH values ranged from 6.73 to 8.03, but were non-significantly (p>0.05) affected soil depth. The soil organic matter, Total Nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P2O5) and available potassium (K2O) in the soil were significantly (p>0.05) affected by soil depth. Higher soil organic matter (2.01±0.06%), Total N (0.10±0.002%), available P2O5 (25.56±1.33 mg kg-1) and available K2O (47.9± 2.11 mg kg-1) were found in 0-10 cm soil depth. Higher concentrations of nutrients in the upper surface may be due to the incorporation of crop residue and supplementation of depleted nutrients by external sources of fertilizers.
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Yang, Xianyan, Lei Zhang, Xiaoyi Chen, Xiaoliang Sun, Guojing Yang, Xingzhong Guo, Hui Yang, Changyou Gao, and Zhongru Gou. "Incorporation of B2O3 in CaO-SiO2-P2O5 bioactive glass system for improving strength of low-temperature co-fired porous glass ceramics." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 358, no. 9 (May 2012): 1171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2012.02.005.
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Lima, Vânia Tomazelli de, Maria do Carmo Vieira, Anelise Samara Nazari Formagio, Néstor Antonio Heredia Zárate, Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso, Willian Vieira Gonçalves, Heldo Denir Vhaldor Rosa Aran, and Thiago de Oliveira Carnevali. "Chicken Manure and Phosphorus Influence on Biomass Production and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Ocimum kilimandscharicum." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 10 (September 15, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n10p77.
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The effects of soil incorporation of five rates of semi-decomposed chicken manure (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1), with and without the addition of phosphorus (200 kg P2O5 ha-1) on biomass production and chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves of African blue basil were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first cut of plants was performed at 70 days after transplanting (DAT) and the second at 140 DAT. The addition of 20 t ha-1 of chicken manure to the soil induced increase in plants height, fresh and dry mass production and yield of essential oil. The use of chicken manure induced an increase in camphor content and decreased content of 1,8 cineole. After regrowth, biomass production of African blue basil was higher when compared to the first cut.
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Tulyaganov, Dilshat, Khasan Abdukayumov, Olim Ruzimuradov, Mirabbos Hojamberdiev, Emanuel Ionescu, and Ralf Riedel. "Effect of Alumina Incorporation on the Surface Mineralization and Degradation of a Bioactive Glass (CaO-MgO-SiO2-Na2O-P2O5-CaF2)-Glycerol Paste." Materials 10, no. 11 (November 18, 2017): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma10111324.
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Swain, Jevelin, Rabindra Kumar Paikaray, Rabindra Kumar Nayak, and Rajendra Kumar Panda. "Effects of Paddy Straw Incorporation on Growth and Yield Attributes of Low Land Rice." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 51, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v51i4.63490.
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A field experiment on effects of paddy straw incorporation on growth, physiology and yield attributes of low land rice was conducted at Agronomy experimental field of Central farm, College of Agriculture, Bhubaneswar during rabi-2020.The experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design with six treatments symbolyzed as T1 to T6 along with recommended dose of fertiliser (80:40:40::N: P2O5:K2O kg/ha). Results showed highest plant height, tiller number, leaf number, SPAD and LCC were in T5 followed by T4 and T6. These parameters were found to be highly correlated with grain yield. The growth analysis during different period of growth of the rice cultivar, Lalat, in respect to leaf area index(LAI), crop growth rate(CGR), specific leaf area(SLA), leaf area ratio(LAR), LAD(leaf area duration), total chlorophyll, total carbohydrate, amino acid and protein contents were found to be correlated with grain yield. Maximum values regarding these parameters were found to be highest in T5 followed by T4 and T6. The total biomass was found significant among the treatments and was highest in T5 followed by T4 and T6. Grain yield and straw yield were found to be highly correlated with total biomass (r2=0.70) and physiological growth traits (LAI, SLA, CGR) were prominently significant in T5 with a tune of 4.94t/ha and 5.21t/ha, respectively followed by T4 and T6. In T5 yield attributing parameters like number of panicles, panicle weight, filled grain per panicle, 1000-grain weight were highest. The high percentage of C, H, N, S concentration and high ratio of C:N, C:H implies good quality grain harvested in T5. The soil microbial population and status after harvest was also found to be high inT5. Thus, paddy straw incorporation coupled with chemical fertilizer had significant effect on rice growth and yield with proper maintenance of microbial population in soil when the crop is treated with T5 with booster application of 20 kg/ha of N and P in the form of urea and DAP, respectively. Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(4): 713-719, 2022 (December)
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Ma, Weiping, and Paul W. Brown. "Hydration of sodium phosphate-modified high alumina cement." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 5 (May 1994): 1291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.1291.
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High strength can be achieved in high alumina cement (HAC) through the incorporation of phosphate-based additions at levels of 10 and 20 wt. %. In order to establish the mechanism that results in higher strength, the effects of a variety of condensed sodium phosphates (NaPO3)n, (NaPO3)n · Na2O, Na5P3O10, and (NaPO3)3 were studied. The influence of these additions on the kinetics of hydration was studied using isothermal calorimetry. The phosphatic additions enhanced reactivity, but x-ray diffraction analyses did not reveal evidence of new crystalline phosphate-containing hydration products. Microstructural evolution was examined in real time using environmental SEM, and hydration products exhibiting distinct morphologies were observed. The features exhibited ranged from amorphic to polygonal shapes, plates, and fibers. These frequently formed between crystalline calcium aluminate hydrate grains and by doing so appear to provide a means to enhance the strengths of these cements. In spite of the morphological variations, companion energy dispersive x-ray analysis showed that the compositions of these products did not vary widely. Their ranges of compositions are 52-60 wt. % Al2O3, 20-26 wt. % P2O5, and 20-24 wt. % CaO.
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Mondal, Dibakar, Andrei Zaharia, Kibret Mequanint, and Amin S. Rizkalla. "Sol-Gel Derived Tertiary Bioactive Glass–Ceramic Nanorods Prepared via Hydrothermal Process and Their Composites with Poly(Vinylpyrrolidone-Co-Vinylsilane)." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb11020035.
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Bioactive glass (BG) nanoparticles have wide applications in bone repair due to their bone-bonding and biodegradable nature. In this work, nanometric rod-shaped ternary SiO2-CaO-P2O5 bioactive glass particles were prepared through sol-gel chemistry followed by a base-induced hydrothermal process at 130 °C and 170 °C for various times up to 36 h. This facile, low-temperature and surfactant-free hydrothermal process has shown to be capable of producing uniform nanorods and nanowires. One-dimensional growth of nanorods and the characteristics of siloxane bridging networks were dependent on the hydrothermal temperature and time. Hardened bioactive composites were prepared from BG nanorods and cryo-milled poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-triethoxyvinylsilane) in the presence of ammonium phosphate as potential bone graft biomaterials. Covalent crosslinking has been observed between the organic and inorganic components within these composites. The ultimate compressive strength and modulus values increased with increasing co-polymer content, reaching 27 MPa and 500 MPa respectively with 30% co-polymer incorporation. The materials degraded in a controlled non-linear manner when incubated in phosphate-buffered saline from 6 h to 14 days. Fibroblast cell attachment and spreading on the composite were not as good as the positive control surfaces and suggested that they may require protein coating in order to promote favorable cell interactions.
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Hussein, Khalid I., Mohammed S. Alqahtani, Arwa A. Meshawi, Khloud J. Alzahrani, Heba Y. Zahran, Ali M. Alshehri, Ibrahim S. Yahia, Manuela Reben, and El Sayed Yousef. "Evaluation of the Radiation Shielding Properties of a Tellurite Glass System Modified with Sodium Oxide." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 3172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093172.
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In this study, the X-ray and gamma attenuation characteristics and optical properties of a synthesized tellurite–phosphate–sodium oxide glass system with a composition of (85 − x)TeO2–10P2O5–xNa2O mol% (where x = 15, 20, and 25) were evaluated. The glass systems we re fabricated by our research group using quenching melt fabrication. The shielding parameters of as-synthesized systems, such as the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), effective atomic number (Zeff), half-value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective electron density (Neff) in a wide energy range between 15 keV and 15 MeV, were estimated using well-known PHY-X/PSD software and recently developed MIKE software. Herein, the optical parameters of prepared glasses, such as molar volume (VM), oxygen molar volume (VO), oxygen packing density (OPD), molar polarizability (αm), molar refractivity (Rm), reflection loss (RL), and metallization (M), were estimated using MIKE software. Furthermore, the shielding performance of the prepared glasses was compared with that of commonly used standard glass shielding materials. The results show that the incorporation of sodium oxide into the matrix TeO2/P2O5 with an optimum concentration can yield a glass system with good shielding performance as well as good optical and physical properties, especially at low photon energy.
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Kath, Aline Hernandez, Gláucia Oliveira Islabão, Ledemar Carlos Vahl, and Juliana Brito da Silva Teixeira. "Reaction rate and residual effect of rice husk ash in soil acidity parameters." Revista Ceres 65, no. 3 (June 2018): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201865030008.
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ABSTRACT The rice husk ash has been applied in agricultural land, with potential of replace limestone and, supply phosphorus and potassium. However, its residual effect in soil is still unknown. This investigation aimed to evaluate the reaction rate and residual effect of rice husk ash in soils acidity parameters. A field experiment was conducted with five treatments: four rice husk ash dosages 0, 30, 60 and 120 t ha-1 and one treatment with recommended soil lime and fertilizer (dolomitic limestone to reach pH 6, 150 kg ha-1 P2O5 as single superphosphate and 80 kg ha-1 K2O as potassium chloride) where five soil samples. Soil samples were collected in the layers 0.00 - 0.10 m and 0.10 - 0.20 m at 15, 211, 400, 517 and 804 days after ash incorporation. Chemical attributes were determined: soil pH (pH), soil base, exchangeable cation values (Ca, Mg, K and Na) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) at pH 7. Results showed that reaction rate of rice husk ash is faster when compared to liming. As greater was rice husk ash dosage applied in soil, higher is the residual effect in pH. As corrective of soil acidity, the residual effect of rice husk ash is just the required time to occur the natural process of reacidification and leaching of basic cations, about 33 months for soils and weather conditions similar to this work.
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Devkota, Sabina, Sharan Panthi, and Jiban Shrestha. "Response of rice to different organic and inorganic nutrient sources at Parwanipur, Bara district of Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 2, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v2i1.26041.
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In order to reach an optimum and sustainable production, growers must know the fertilizing nutrient sources and their application rates. The present study aimed to determine the effect of different organic and inorganic source of fertilizers on growth and performance of rice. A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agriculture Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal during summer season of 2013. Rice variety ‘Hardinath 1’ was used in these experiments. Treatments included a combination of organic and inorganic nutrients at eight rates (control, recommended dose of NPK, ½ NPK+FYM 10 t ha-1, ½ NPK+20 cm crop residue, ½ NPK+Chicken manure 10 t ha-1, ½ NPK+Vermicompost 10 t ha-1, FYM 10 t ha-1 and FYM 20 t ha-1).The experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Treatments produced significant results for plant height, number of tillers per square meter, panicle length and grain yield but thousands grains weight was insignificant. Result showed that application of half of recommended N: P2O5: K2O from the inorganic fertilizer sources along with soil incorporation of 20 cm crop residue produced significantly higher value for plant height, number of tillers per square meter, panicle length and Grain yield. Treatments did not produce significant effect on after harvest soil properties: pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content.
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Liu, Yufeng, Yumo Tan, Dan Liang, Chengruo Pei, and Zhenhua Zhang. "Effects of Sugarcane Leaf Return and Fertilizer Reduction on Maize Growth, Yield and Soil Properties in Red Soil." Plants 12, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12051029.
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In order to make better use of the vast sugarcane leaf straw resources and reduce the overuse of chemical fertilizers in the subtropical red soil region of Guangxi, this study aimed to determine the effects of sugarcane leaf return (SLR) and fertilizer reduction (FR) on maize growth, yield component and yield, and soil properties. A pot experiment with three SLR amounts (full SLR (FS), 120 g/pot; half SLR (HS), 60 g/pot; and no SLR (NS) with three FR levels including full fertilizer (FF), 4.50 g N/pot, 3.00 g P2O5/pot, and 4.50 g K2O/pot; half fertilizer (HF), 2.25 g N/pot, 1.50 g P2O5/pot, and 2.25 g K2O/pot; and no fertilizer (NF)), without nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium added, was conducted to assess the effects of different SLR amounts and chemical FR levels on maize growth, yield, and soil properties. Compared with no sugarcane leaf return and the no-fertilizer treatment (CK), SLR and FR could increase maize plant height, stalk diameter, number of fully developed maize plant leaves, total leaf area and chlorophyll content, soil alkali–hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), soil organic matter (SOM), and electrical conductivity (EC). The maize yield component factors of FS and HS were higher in NF treatment than those in NS treatment. The relative increase rate of treatments retained FF/NF and HF/NF under FS or HS condition on 1000 kernel weight, ear diameter, plant air-dried weight, ear height, and yield than that under NS condition. FSHF had not only the largest plant air-dried weight but also the highest maize yield (3225.08 kg/hm2) among nine treatment combinations. The effects of SLR on maize growth and yield and soil properties were lower than those of FR. SLR and FR combined treatment did not affect maize growth but affected maize yield significantly. Soil properties improved more with SLR + FR treatment than with SLR or FR application alone. The plant height, stalk diameter, number of fully developed maize plant leaves, and total leaf area, as well as AN, AP, AK, SOM, and EC levels in soil, were enhanced by SLR and FR incorporation. The experimental results indicated that applying reasonable FR combined with SLR increased AN, AP, AK, SOM, and EC, which improved maize growth and yield and enhanced soil properties in red soil. Hence, FSHF might be a suitable combination of SLR and FR.
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Nascente, Adriano Stephan, Marta Cristina Corsi de Filippi, Thatyane Pereira de Sousa, Amanda Abdallah Chaibub, Alan Carlos Alves de Souza, and Anna Cristina Lanna. "Rhizobacterium Serratia sp. and phosphorus fertilization rates affect aerobic rice development." OCTOBER 2020, no. 14(10):2020 (October 20, 2020): 1654–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.10.p2522.
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Beneficial microorganisms participate in different processes that affect transformation of soil nutrients, including phosphorus (P), making them available for plants. However, there are few studies about the use of beneficial microorganism and P fertilization in the development of aerobic rice. The objective was to determine the effect of Serratia spp. isolate BRM 32114 and doses of P at sowing on the production of biomass, gas exchange, nutrient content in leaves and grain, grain yield and its components of aerobic rice. The field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons, 2015/16 and 2016/17, under a no-tillage system in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experimental design was a complete randomized block in a factorial 4x2x2 scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of four P2O5 doses (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) with or without rhizobacterium (2) in two growing seasons (2). Phosphorus rates increased the number of panicles and grain yield of aerobic rice, and the grain yield was higher in Serratia inoculation compared to no inoculation. The Serratia spp. strain BRM 32114 inserted in the production system of aerobic rice, under no-tillage, promoted gas exchange activity; enriched the K+, Ca+2 and Mg+2 content in leaves; enhanced biomass accumulation (13%), and resulted in a higher number of panicles per plant (11%) and grain yield (19%) than untreated plants. Therefore, this beneficial microorganism is a promising technology for potential incorporation into cropping systems in Tropical regions of the world.
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Gairhe, Janma Jaya, Pragyan Bhattarai, Prashant Gyanwali, Renuka Khanal, Rasmita Mainali, Shrijana Poudel, Manisha Pokhrel, and Pramod Kumar Sharma. "Effect of various biochar on selected soil properties and agronomical parameters of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) at Rupandehi, Nepal." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 9, no. 1 (March 25, 2024): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2024.0901019.
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Biochar is rich in carbon and obtained by carbonization of biomass heated at 300-1000°C under limited oxygen which improves the soil properties and yield of various crops. This study aimed to determine the changes in soil properties and agronomical characteristics of okra by biochar prepared from different feedstock. The research was conducted in randomized blocks and replicated thrice, with treatments; control, wood ash (WA), rice husk biochar (RHB), bamboo biochar (BB), Ashoka leaves biochar (ALB), coconut husk biochar (CHB), and sawdust biochar (SB), applied at 18 t/ha. Biochar-incorporated soil and the biochar were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, P2O5, K2O, and organic matter, and the soil for bulk density, particle density, and porosity. Agronomical parameters like plant height, fruit size, and yield were also recorded. The biochar incorporation modified the soil's chemical properties and significantly decreased bulk and particle density. The highest reduction of 10.9% in bulk density (1.22gm/cm3), and 4.4% in particle density (2.39gm/cm3) were observed in ALB and SB incorporated soil respectively. ALB (50%) followed by BB (49%) showed a significant increase in soil porosity compared to the control (45.18%). BB (15.7cm) significantly increased the fruit size compared to the control (14.06cm) followed by ALB (15.5cm). ALB (8.16t/ha) significantly increased the yield of okra relative to control (7.82t/ha). The findings suggest the use of ALB and BB to improve soil properties and yield in the long run.
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Gasser, Marc O., Marc R. Laverdière, and Adrien N’dayegamiye. "Short-term effects of crop rotations and wood-residue amendments on potato yields and soil properties of a sandy loam soil." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-055.
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A 3-yr study (1988–1990) was conducted on a Beaurivage sandy loam soil located in St-Lambert, Québec, Canada, to evaluate the short-term effects of crop rotations and organic amendments on soil properties and potato yields (Solanum tuberosum, L.). Treatments consisted of yearly fall rye (Secale cereale, L.) as a green-manure cover crop, barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) grown every 3-yr in potato crop rotation, partially humified bark residues and fresh tree clippings applied once at 100 m3 ha−1 in the beginning of the experiment, and continuous potato in monoculture used as check. Fertilizer rates were applied at 150, 100, 160 and 40 kg ha−1 rates for N, P2O5, K2O5 and Mg, respectively. Results indicated that more rapid changes of soil C content were observed with ligneous material incorporation than with fall rye and barley residue additions. Compared with fresh tree cuttings, partially humified bark induced rapid changes in soil organic C and cationic exchange capacity (CEC). A temporary soil structural stability improvement was observed in 1989 under fall rye cover crop. However soil bulk density increased significantly (P < 0.05) in these plots in 1990, and this was also related to low potato yields. Barley residues and ligneous amendments significantly improved soil water content during the critical flowering stage, and this increased potato yields and specific gravity (P < 0.05). In general, soil amendment would improve potato yields and quality through improved soil water content on a short-term. Key words: Barley, rye, rotation, cover crop, ligneous amendments, potato yields, soil physical and chemical properties
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Grakova, O. V., S. G. Skublov, N. Yu Nikulova, and O. L. Galankina. "GEOCHEMISTRY OF HIGH-PHOSPHORUS ZIRCON FROM THE UPPER RIPHEAN METASANDSTONES OF THE SOUTHERN TIMAN." Геохимия 68, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 947–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016752523090054.
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A detailed mineralogical and geochemical study (using the EPMA and SIMS methods) of zircon from metasandstones of the Dzhezhim Formation in the South Timan made it possible to establish an anomalously high content of phosphorus in it (up to 10.27 wt % P2O5 according to EPMA data), which correlates with an increased content of other non-formula admixture elements, the main of which are Y, REE, Ca, Fe, Al, Ti, Sr, Ba, Th, U. Of particular note is the significant amount of volatile components in zircon (up to 0.49 wt % water and up to 0.26 wt.% fluorine, determined by the method SIMS). The total content of non-formula admixture elements can exceed 20 wt %, which is a characteristic feature of the composition of zircon exposed to fluid or formed as a result of hydrothermal-metasomatic processes. The main mechanism for the incorporation of admixture elements into the composition of zircon was xenotime-type heterovalent isomorphism, when the presence of quinquevalent phosphorus is compensated by the participation of trivalent Y and REE. Of subordinate importance was the isomorphism scheme, which ensures the entry of hydrogen (water). The areas of zircon enriched in phosphorus and other adulterants are confined to the edge of the grains, or to systems of scissures and fluid-permeable areas. Granitoids served as a possible source of zircon, and the process of transformation of its composition (recrystallization and enrichment of local areas, less often whole grains) probably occurred already in the sandstone sequence, during metamorphism and/or hydrothermal process.
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Marijan, Sara, Teodoro Klaser, Marija Mirosavljević, Petr Mošner, Ladislav Koudelka, Željko Skoko, Jana Pisk, and Luka Pavić. "Exploring the Effect of V2O5 and Nb2O5 Content on the Structural, Thermal, and Electrical Characteristics of Sodium Phosphate Glasses and Glass–Ceramics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 5 (March 5, 2024): 3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25053005.
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Na-V-P-Nb-based materials have gained substantial recognition as cathode materials in high-rate sodium-ion batteries due to their unique properties and compositions, comprising both alkali and transition metal ions, which allow them to exhibit a mixed ionic–polaronic conduction mechanism. In this study, the impact of introducing two transition metal oxides, V2O5 and Nb2O5, on the thermal, (micro)structural, and electrical properties of the 35Na2O-25V2O5-(40 − x)P2O5 − xNb2O5 system is examined. The starting glass shows the highest values of DC conductivity, σDC, reaching 1.45 × 10−8 Ω−1 cm−1 at 303 K, along with a glass transition temperature, Tg, of 371 °C. The incorporation of Nb2O5 influences both σDC and Tg, resulting in non-linear trends, with the lowest values observed for the glass with x = 20 mol%. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements and vibrational spectroscopy results suggest that the observed non-monotonic trend in σDC arises from a diminishing contribution of polaronic conductivity due to the decrease in the relative number of V4+ ions and the introduction of Nb2O5, which disrupts the predominantly mixed vanadate–phosphate network within the starting glasses, consequently impeding polaronic transport. The mechanism of electrical transport is investigated using the model-free Summerfield scaling procedure, revealing the presence of mixed ionic–polaronic conductivity in glasses where x < 10 mol%, whereas for x ≥ 10 mol%, the ionic conductivity mechanism becomes prominent. To assess the impact of the V2O5 content on the electrical transport mechanism, a comparative analysis of two analogue series with varying V2O5 content (10 and 25 mol%) is conducted to evaluate the extent of its polaronic contribution.
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Vieira, Michele Xavier, Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin, Henrique Coutinho Junqueira Franco, Rafael Otto, and Carlos Eduardo Faroni. "Ammonium chloride as nitrogen source in sugarcane harvested without burning." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 34, no. 4 (August 2010): 1165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832010000400016.
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The great difficulty of incorporation of N fertilizers into the "green sugarcane" system causes concern and since urea is the most commonly used source, there is the risk of loosing NH3 through volatilization. For this reason, a field experiment was undertaken (in a Hapludox Typic) with the objective of evaluating the agronomic efficiency of ammonium chloride on stubble of the second ratoon (SP89 1115), as well as its residual effect on the subsequent cycle (third ratoon). The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. Treatments consisted of three N rates (60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 N) in the form of NH4Cl, in addition to a control treatment without the addition of N fertilizer. The ratoon cane of the second cutting was harvested in November 2006 and the treatments were applied in December 2006. The second ratoon was harvested mechanically in November 2007 and in December 2007, 450 kg ha-1 of the NPK mixture 20-05-19 was applied, providing 90, 22 and 86 kg ha-1 N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively, for the purpose of evaluating the effect of residual-N from the treatments implanted in December 2006. An increase in the rates of N-NH4Cl had a positive effect on the leaf concentrations of P, Mg and S. Stalk yield (MSS - Mg ha-1 of sugarcane stalks) and sugar (MSH - Mg ha-1 of sucrose) in the November 2006 harvest responded linearly to the increase of N doses in the form of NH4Cl. In relation to the effect of residual-N in the 2007/2008 harvest, it was observed, in general, that the concentrations of macronutrients in the sugarcane leaf +1 were within the range considered adequate in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The residual-N of the NH4Cl doses resulted in a significant reduction in stalk (MSS) and sugar (MSH) production. It may be concluded that the NH4Cl source at a dose of 120 kg ha-1 N in ratoon fertilization of the second cutting was agronomically efficient, presenting, however, less efficiency of residual-N in the subsequent cycle.
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Kádár, Imre. "Nitrogén, réz és molibdén kölcsönhatások lucerna kultúrában (Medicago sativa L.)." Agrokémia és Talajtan 66, no. 2 (December 2017): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/0088.2017.66.2.6.
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Interactions between the elements N, Cu and Mo were studied on alfalfa in 1996-1999 in a field experiment set up on chernozem loam soil with lime deposits. The ploughed layer of the soil contained 3% humus, around 5% CaCO3 and around 20% clay. Soil analysis showed that the area was well supplied with Ca, Mg, K and Mn had satisfactory Cu content, but was only poorly or moderately supplied with P and Zn. The groundwater depth was 13–15 m and the area was prone to drought. The experiment was originally set up in a split-plot design with 4N × 3Cu = 12 treatments in three replications, giving a total of 36 plots. The N rates, applied as calcium ammonium nitrate, were 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg·ha−1 and the Cu rates, in the form of CuSO4, were 0, 50 and 100 kg·ha−1. In the 5th year of the experiment the 15 m long plots were halved and the two half-plots were separated by a 1 m path. The experiment thus became a strip-split-plot design, consisting of 4N×3Cu×2Mo = 24 treatments in three replications, giving a total of 72 plots. The 48 kg·ha−1 Mo was applied in the form of (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O. The main results were as follows: In this chernozem loam soil the N, Cu, Mo treatments did not affect the yield of alfalfa. During the four years studied (1996–1999), a total of 32 t·ha−1 of hay was harvested, with maximum yields (4–5 t·ha−1) at the first mowing. Considering the years, the 2nd year of alfalfa was the most successful with a yield of 11 t·ha−1.With increasing rates of N, the incorporation of N, NO3-N, Ca, Mg, Na, and sometimes Cu increased, while that of K decreased in the hay. Due to the 10–12-year residual effect of CuSO4 the original Cu content of the hay improved by 30–50%, i.e. 2–4 mg·kg–1.A single dose of 48 kg·ha−1 Mo raised the hay Mo content by an order of magnitude to 18–69 mg·kg–1 even after 5–8 years. The Mo content decreased with age and the number of mowings. Nevertheless, the hay became unsuitable for use as animal feed. Mo fertilization also influenced the incorporation of other elements, demonstrably increasing the uptake of N, Ca and Mg and moderating that of K, NO3-N and Cu.As a specific catalyst for the N-binding microorganisms in the soil, Mo is able to increase the soil N supply and thus the N content of the plants. Mo is also necessary for NO3 reduction, so the quantity of NO3-N is reduced through incorporation into proteins in response to Mo. In the present experiment, N-Mo and N-Cu synergism and Mo-NO3 antagonism were manifested.Due to the influence of the different years, mowings and treatments, the minimum and maximum element contents of the hay varied over a wide range. In 12 mowings over the course of four years a total of 1190 kg N, 787 kg K, 768 kg Ca, 154 kg Mg, 128 kg S, 102 kg P, 12 kg Na, 8 kg Fe, 5 kg Al, 4 kg Sr and 2 kg each of Mn and B was taken up per hectare, together with 416 g Zn, 288 g Ba, 256 g Cu and 96 g Mo per ha. The uptake of Mo was 1131 g·ha−1 on Mo-treated soil.The specific nutrient content of 1 t hay was 37 kg N, 25 kg K, 24 kg Ca, 5 kg Mg and 3 kg P (7 kg P2O5). N abundance was associated with elevated specific nutrient content under the given experimental conditions. On this soil atmospheric N fixation was able to cover the N requirements of alfalfa.
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Wenneck, Gustavo Soares, Reni Saath, Camila De Souza Volpato, Larissa Leite de Araújo, and Silvia Maraya Ferreira. "NUTRIENTES E BIOMASSA NO CICLO VEGETATIVO DO GIRASSOL EM FUNÇÃO DO NITROGÊNIO EM COBERTURA." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 34, no. 4 (December 5, 2019): 573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2019v34n4p573-582.
Full textAbstract:
NUTRIENTES E BIOMASSA NO CICLO VEGETATIVO DO GIRASSOL EM FUNÇÃO DO NITROGÊNIO EM COBERTURA
GUSTAVO SOARES WENNECK1, RENI SAATH2, CAMILA DE SOUZA VOLPATO3, LARISSA LEITE DE ARAÚJO4, SILVIA MARAYA FERREIRA5
1Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (PGA), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, CEP:87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. email:gustavowenneck@gmail.com
2Departamento de Agronomia (DAG), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, CEP:87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. email:reniagricola@yahoo.com.br
3Departamento de Agronomia (DAG), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, CEP:87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. email:camila16volpato@gmail.com
4Departamento de Agronomia (DAG), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, CEP:87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. email:larissa_leite_araujo@hotmail.com
5Departamento de Agronomia (DAG), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, CEP:87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. email:silviamarayaferreira@gmail.com
RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar no período vegetativo o desempenho agronômico do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) em função da aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Estadual de Maringá, adotando delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos (T1: sem N; T2: 40; T3: 80 e T4: 120 kg ha-1 de N), e oito repetições. O cultivo foi realizado em vasos de polietileno (5 dm-3) contendo latossolo vermelho, mantendo uma planta por unidade. Na semeadura utilizou-se 40 kg ha-1 de P2O5, 80 kg ha-1 de K2O e 2 kg ha-1 de B. A incorporação superficial da adubação nitrogenada foi realizada no estádio V8. Para análise nutricional, foram amostradas folhas do terço superior no estádio R4 e realizadas avaliações referentes à altura de plantas, diâmetro do colo, número de folhas e matéria seca de plantas no estádio R5. A dinâmica de acúmulo de nutrientes apresentou distintas respostas, sendo que o acúmulo de N foliar pode ser representado pela equação Y=-1,5725x²+10,13x+32,092, com R²=0,91. Houve efeito significativo ao acúmulo de matéria seca da parte aérea, com melhores respostas obtidas entre 78 a 91,5 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura.
Palavras-chaves: conversão eficiente, demanda nutricional, Helianthus annuus L.
NUTRIENTS AND BIOMASS IN THE SUNFLOWER VEGETATIVE CYCLE IN THE FUNCTION OF NITROGEN IN COVERAGE
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in vegetative period according to the application of nitrogen in cover. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the State University of Maringá, adopting randomized blocks design with four treatments (T1: without N; T2: 40; T3: 80 and T4: 120 kg ha-1 of N), and eight replications. Cultivation was carried out in polyethylene pots (5 dm-3) containing red latosol, keeping one plant per unit. At sowing, it was use 40 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 80 kg ha-1 of K2O and 2 kg ha-1 of B. The superficial incorporation of nitrogen fertilization carried out at V8 stage. For nutritional analysis, leaves from the upper third sample at stage R4 and evaluations made regarding plant height, lap diameter, number of leaves and plant dry matter at the R5 stage. The dynamics of nutrient accumulation presented different responses, and the accumulation of leaf N can be represented by the equation Y = -1.5725x² + 10.13x + 32.092, with R² = 0.91. There was a significant effect on dry matter accumulation of the aerial part, with better result obtained between 78 and 91.5 kg ha-1 of N in the cover.
Keywords: conversion efficient, demand nutritional, Helianthus annuus L.
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Chama, Tasso, R. Shanmugasundaram, D. Selvi, C. N. Chandrasekhar, and K. Srinivasan. "Effect of Levels of Phosphorus and Zinc-EDTA on Growth and Yield of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) in Zinc-Deficient Vertisol." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 19 (September 8, 2023): 1744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193723.
Full textAbstract:
Aim: In pursuit of optimizing crop productivity and nutritional quality, this study aimed to investigate the influence and interaction of phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) on the growth, yield, and quality parameters of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.), variety VBN 8.
Study Design: The experiment was designed using Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD), incorporating 12 treatment combinations and three replications.
Place and duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in the field no. A 4 of Wetland farm, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore; from May 2023 to August 2023.
Methodology: The experiment consisted of 12 treatments, each replicated three times, resulting in a total of 36 experimental plots. The treatments included different combinations of P levels (0, 25, 50, and 75 kg ha-1) and concentrations of foliar-applied Zn-EDTA (0%, 0.5%, and 1.0%) applied twice at 30 and 45 days after sowing. The recommended dose of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K2O) at 25 kg ha-1 each, along with a recommended dose of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) at 25 kg ha-1, was applied as a blanket recommendation to ensure consistent nutrient supply across treatments.
Results: It was found that the treatment combination of 50 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 0.5% Zn-EDTA increased morphological characters and yield compared to other treatments followed by treatment combination of 50 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 1% Zn-EDTA. The minimum yield and morphological characters were recorded in the control plot where neither P2O5 nor Zn-EDTA was applied.
Conclusion: This research depicted that the combined application of 50 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 0.5% Zn-EDTA spray has a positive impact on the growth, yield and quality of blackgram in zinc deficient soil under field conditions resulting in improved morphological characters and crop yield. Hence, it may be concluded that an optimum dose of 50 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 0.5% Zn-EDTA spray can be recommended for blackgram to enhance crop productivity.
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SATYAM RAWAT, RAJIV KUMAR SINGH, PREETI SINGH, PK UPADHYAY, KAPILA SHEKHAWAT, SEEMA SANGWAN, SUKANTA DASH, BIJAN KUMAR MONDAL, and RAJAN SHUKLA. "Studies on comparison of nano-urea and prilled urea for enhancing maize (Zea mays) growth and productivity." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 94, no. 3 (March 12, 2024): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i3.143292.
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An experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2022–23 at the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand to assess how well nano- urea performs in maize under different field conditions and investigate its compatibility with other N sources. Results showed that root weight (fresh and dry), partial factor productivity (N, P2O5 and K2O), N concentration (grain and stover), grain yield, biological yield and harvest index of maize were all significantly affected by the application of various N rates and nano-fertilizers. The grain yield of maize was comparable to the yield obtained under RDF and 75% of the recommended N + two nano-urea sprays. These findings indicate that the concurrent use of these nano-fertilizers has the potential to reduce N fertilization by as much as 25%. Furthermore, the results highlight the prospect of augmenting biological yield of maize by incorporating 2 nano-urea sprays alongside the prescribed N quantity from prilled urea, as well as full applications of P2O5 and K2O.
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Le Caherec, F., P. Bron, J. M. Verbavatz, A. Garret, G. Morel, A. Cavalier, G. Bonnec, D. Thomas, J. Gouranton, and J. F. Hubert. "Incorporation of proteins into (Xenopus) oocytes by proteoliposome microinjection: functional characterization of a novel aquaporin." Journal of Cell Science 109, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 1285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.109.6.1285.
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Xenopus laevis oocytes are widely used as an expression system for plasma membrane proteins, achieved by cytoplasmic microinjection of messenger RNA. In the present study, we propose an alternative system allowing functional insertion of exogenous proteins into the plasma membrane of Xenopus oocytes. We microinjected proteoliposome suspensions into the cytoplasm and then analyzed membrane protein function. The proteins used in this work were members of the MIP family: the human erythrocyte water channel aquaporin 1 (AQP1), the major intrinsic protein (MIP26) from bovine eye lens and a 25 kDa polypeptide (P25) from a water shunting complex found in the digestive tract of an homopteran sap-sucking insect (Cicadella viridis). Proteoliposomes containing either AQP1, MIP26, or P25 were injected into Xenopus oocytes. The subsequent insertion of these proteins into the plasma membrane of oocytes was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. Oocytes microinjected with either AQP1 or P25-proteoliposomes exhibited significantly increased osmotic membrane water permeabilities (Pf = 3.16 +/- 026 and 4.03 +/- 0.26 × 10(−3) cm/second, respectively) compared to those measured for oocytes injected with liposomes alone or with MIP26-proteoliposomes (Pf = 1.39 +/- 0.07 and 1.44 +/- 0.10 × 10(−3) cm/second, respectively). These effects were inhibited by HgCl2 in a reversible manner. Arrhenius activation energies of water transfer were low when AQP1 or P25 were present in oocyte plasma membranes (Ea = 2.29 and 3.01 kcal/mol, respectively, versus Ea = 11.75 kcal/mol for liposome injected oocytes). The properties observed here for AQP1 are identical to those widely reported following AQP1 cRNA expression in oocytes. From the present study, we conclude that: (1) exogenous plasma membrane proteins incorporated into liposomes and microinjected into the cytoplasm of Xenopus oocytes are subsequently found in the plasma membrane of the oocytes in a functional state; and (2) in this system, the P25 polypeptide from the MIP family found in the digestive tract of Cicadella viridis exhibits properties similar to those described for the archetype of water channels AQP1, and thus is a new member of the aquaporin family.
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Ghiţulică, Cristina-Daniela, Andrada-Ioana Damian-Buda, Andreia Cucuruz, and Georgeta Voicu. "Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO(MgO)-CaO-SiO2-P2O5 Bioglass Obtained by Sol-Gel Method in Presence of Surfactant Agent." Gels 7, no. 4 (October 29, 2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7040187.
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Bioglass (BG) is a class of biomaterials increasingly approached in biomedical applications, such as in regeneration of hard tissues, due to the properties of bioactivity, osteoinductivity, osteoconductivity, but also the high rate of biodegradation, both in vitro and in vivo. The present paper addresses the obtaining of bioglasses from the ZnO(MgO)-CaO-SiO2-P2O5 system by the sol-gel method and the use of a surfactant to ensure a specific surface or high open porosity, starting from S53P4 bioglass (53% SiO2, 23% Na2O, 20% CaO, 4% P2O5), also known as BoneAlive®. The precursor powders were analyzed from the phase composition point of view by complex thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction, the vitreous powders were assessed from the compositional point of view by X-ray diffraction, morpho-structural by scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area and the pore size dimension by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, dispersion by laser granulometry, and also cell biology and surface mineralization tests were performed by immersion in SBF (simulated body fluid). The system proposed in this paper ZnO(MgO)-CaO-SiO2-P2O5 was successfully obtained by sol-gel method. The results showed the higher interaction between the samples and the SBF medium for samples containing magnesium (M2) and the lowest degree of mineralization after immersion in SBF was noticed for samples containing zinc (M1). The results also prove that by incorporating different ionic species in bioglass composition—Zn2+ and Mg2+, biocompatibility and antibacterial properties will be significantly enhanced.
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Jinga, Sorin-Ion, Ana-Maria Anghel, Silvia-Florena Brincoveanu, Raluca-Maria Bucur, Andrei-Dan Florea, Bianca-Irina Saftau, Stefania-Cristina Stroe, Andreea-Ioana Zamfirescu, and Cristina Busuioc. "Ce/Sm/Sr-Incorporating Ceramic Scaffolds Obtained via Sol-Gel Route." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 21, 2021): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061532.
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Three different inorganic scaffolds were obtained starting from the oxide system SiO2‒P2O5‒CaO‒MgO, to which Ce4+/Sm3+/Sr2+ cations were added in order to propose novel materials with potential application in the field of hard tissue engineering. Knowing the beneficial effects of each element, improved features in terms of mechanical properties, antibacterial activity and cellular response are expected. The compositions were processed in the form of scaffolds by a common sol-gel method, followed by a thermal treatment at 1000 and 1200 °C. The obtained samples were characterized from thermal, compositional, morphological and mechanical point of view. It was shown that each supplementary component triggers the modification of the crystalline phase composition, as well as microstructural details. Moreover, the shrinkage behavior is well correlated with the attained compression strength values. Sm was proven to be the best choice, since in addition to a superior mechanical resistance, a clear beneficial influence on the viability of 3T3 fibroblast cell line was observed.
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Kádár, Imre. "Nitrogén, réz és molibdén kölcsönhatások repcére (Brassica napus L.)." Agrokémia és Talajtan 66, no. 2 (December 2017): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/0088.2017.66.2.4.
Full textAbstract:
Interactions between the elements N, Cu and Mo were studied on rape in 2000 in a field experiment set up on chernozem loam soil with lime deposits. The ploughed layer of the soil contained 3% humus, around 5% CaCO3 and around 20% clay. Soil analysis showed that the area was well supplied with Ca, Mg, K and Mn, had satisfactory Cu content, but was only poorly or moderately supplied with P and Zn. The groundwater depth was 13–15 m and the area was prone to drought. The experiment was originally set up in a split-plot design with 4N × 3Cu = 12 treatments in three replications, giving a total of 36 plots. The N rates, applied as calcium ammonium nitrate, were 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha−1 and the Cu rates, in the form of CuSO4, were 0, 50 and 100 kg ha−1. In the 5th year of the experiment the 15 m long plots were halved and the two half-plots were separated by a 1 m path. The experiment thus became a strip-split-plot design, consisting of 4N×3Cu×2Mo = 24 treatments in three replications, giving a total of 72 plots. The 48 kg ha−1 Mo was applied in the form of (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O. The generative phases of flowering and ripening were characterized by drought and depression. The main results were as follows: As a result of N fertilization, the seed yield fell from 2 t ha−1 to 0.8 t ha−1. However, the stem yield increased from 5 t ha−1 to 8 t ha−1 due to the more favourable N effects in the vegetative phase. As a result, the harvest index increased from 4.6 to 13.0.Most of the element contents became concentrated and enriched in the plant parts. The concentrations of Na, Fe, Mn and Zn increased with the N supply, whereas that of Ba decreased in the straw at harvest. Both N and Cu addition stimulated the incorporation of Cu in the straw. The phenomenon of N×Mo synergy was observed. N and Mo became enriched in the stem in both the N and Mo treatments. This N×Mo interaction was also manifested in the seed.Higher contents of N, P, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mo, Se and Co were recorded in the seed at harvest, exceeding the concentrations in the straw. A total of 206 kg N, 172 kg Ca, 142 kg K, 78 kg S, 39 kg P and 32 kg Mg was incorporated into the aboveground biomass of rapeseed, i.e. 10.4 t ha−1 air-dry matter. In the case of combine harvesting, if the by-products are ploughed into the soil, the quantity of nutrients leaving the field falls to a fraction.Under the conditions of this experiment, 40 kg N, 5 kg Ca (7 kg CaO), 14 kg K (17 kg K2O), 10 kg S, 12 kg P (27 kg P2O5) and 5 kg Mg (8 kg MgO) was required for the production of 1 t rapeseed. These data could serve as a guideline for the extension service in establishing the nutritional needs of winter rapeseed.
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MOHAMMAD, SHAIK. "Long-term effects of fertilizers and integrated nutrient supply systems in intensive cropping on soil fertility, nutrient uptake and yield of rice." Journal of Agricultural Science 133, no. 4 (December 1999): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859699007157.
Full textAbstract:
The long-term effect of fertilizers and an integrated nutrient supply system was studied in a rice–rice sequence for 8 years at Hyderabad in India from 1988/89 to 1995/96. Nutrient uptake and seed yield improved with increase in fertilizers up to the recommended dose of 120, 60, 40 kg/ha, N, P2O5 and K2O in the rainy and post-rainy seasons during the 8 years sequence cycles. The soil became enriched in organic carbon (OC) and maintained the available P while K concentration was reduced from medium to low status after 8 years. Integrated nutrient supply by incorporating glyricidia or FYM 15 days before transplanting the rice thereby substituting 25% nitrogen in the rainy season and application of only 75% of the recommended fertilizers in the post-rainy season maintained the overall mean yield at a level equal to that from the continuous application of the recommended fertilizer dose. The practice saved 30 kg N, 15 kg P2O5 and 10 kg K2O/ha in every season and improved the OC% and available P of the soil. The overall mean production of rice grain following the substitution of 50% nitrogen with glyricidia in the rainy season and fertilizer application at the recommended dose in the post-rainy season was also equal to that given by the application of the recommended fertilizer dose applied in every season and increased the OC% and available P of the soil. This procedure reduced the fertilizer dose in the rainy season by 60 kg N, 30 kg P2O5 and 20 kg K2O/ha.
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RAO, WANGPING, YONGZHE ZHANG, LI XIAO, JIANXI YAO, BING ZHANG, and SONGYUAN DAI. "SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE AND CONSTRUCTED THREE-DIMENSIONAL INTERWOVEN STRUCTURED TiO2 PHOTOANODE FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS." Nano 09, no. 05 (July 2014): 1440012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292014400128.
Full textAbstract:
We demonstrate a strategy for incorporating plasmon resonant metallic nanoparticles in the construction of the three-dimensional (3D) interwoven structured TiO 2 photoanodes. The 3D interwoven structure contained continuous TiO 2 skeleton and numerous interconnected macro/mesopores, which supplied effective straight path for electron transfer and high specific surface area for dye load. Localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was produced by the addition of gold nanoparticles ( AuNPs ), which increased the light absorption of the photoanodes more effectively. The synergistic effect of SPR with constructed TiO 2 nanostructures has been investigated, and was confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis absorption spectra, J–V characteristics, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. It was found that the range and strength of light absorption of TiO 2 photoanodes, the photon capture ability of the dye molecules, the photoelectric conversion efficiency were significantly increased while the electron transfer resistance decreased due to the incorporation of AuNPs compared to the P25 and Au -free photoanode. The related photoelectric performance enhancement mechanisms, and surface-plasmon resonances in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with Au nanostructures were analyzed and discussed.