Dissertations / Theses: 'Incongruenza'

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Rodríguez, Urrutia Amanda. "El rol de la incongruencia en la evaluación de pacientes hospitalizados con trastornos gastrointestinales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458640.

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Introducción: Es conocida la elevada psicopatología asociada a los diferentes subtipos de pacientes con trastornos gastrointestinales funcionales (TGF) y la dificultad para el gastroenterólogo para detectarla y manejarla, pudiendo generar diagnósticos digestivos tardíos y en ocasiones erróneos. Los trastornos de la motilidad gastrointestinal (TMG) han sido menos estudiados desde ésta perspectiva. Tener en cuenta la experiencia subjetiva del paciente en relación a su enfermedad en comparación con la evaluación del gastroenterólogo y el nivel de incongruencia entre los dos puede ser de utilidad en el abordaje de estos pacientes. Objetivos: Estudiar la psicopatología, la calidad de vida y los rasgos de personalidad en una muestra de pacientes ingresados para estudio de la motilidad digestiva en una unidad hospitalaria altamente especializada. Por otro lado, se investigó la incongruencia de la funcionalidad evaluada por clínicos y pacientes y su relación con la psicopatología. Metodología: La presente investigación se describe como un estudio observacional, transversal, de pacientes que ingresan en la unidad de hospitalización digestiva para estudio de la motilidad gastrointestinal. Durante dos años, se incluyeron en este estudio todos los pacientes hospitalizados para la evaluación de la función motora gastrointestinal en una unidad de patología digestiva altamente especializada, de un centro de referencia terciario. Se incluyeron un total de 103 pacientes y fueron evaluados por el psiquiatra en las primeras 72 horas posteriores a la admisión al hospital. Se llevó a cabo una entrevista clínica y se administraron las siguientes escalas autoaplicadas: HADS, SCL-90-R, TAS-20, SF-36 y NEO-FFI-R. A nivel digestivo se realizaron las pruebas de motilidad oportunas así como la administración del Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS) para evaluar la funcionalidad. Se definió la variable incongruencia como la diferencia entre KPS y las subescalas de funcionamiento físico del SF-36 (ambos en rango 0-100). Resultados: No se detectaron diferencias destacables entre los dos grupos en relación a datos sociodemográficos, rasgos de personalidad ni psicopatología. Sin embargo, la correlación de la funcionalidad medida por el clínico con el funcionamiento físico subjetivo fue alta y estadísticamente significativa sólo en el caso de los pacientes diagnosticados de TMG. La incongruencia entre la evaluación clínica y subjetiva de la funcionalidad correlacionó con todas las subescalas del SCL-90R. Cuando estratificamos por grupo de diagnóstico digestivo, en el grupo de TGF todas las subescalas del SCL-90R correlacionaron con la incongruencia mientras que en el grupo de TMG sólo fue significativa la correlación con somatización. Los análisis de covarianza no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los niveles de psicopatología entre los grupos de diagnóstico digestivo al controlar por la incongruencia. En cambio, ésta última, mostró covariación estadísticamente significativa en todos los casos, por lo que la incongruencia mostró mayor capacidad predictiva de psicopatología que el diagnostico gastrointestinal per se. Usando modelos lineales generales, se encontró que la incongruencia era la variable con mayor relación con las variables psicopatológicas, incluso controlando por diagnóstico. Se encontraron interacciones entre la incongruencia y el diagnóstico digestivo (TMG vs. TGF), que refleja que los pacientes con TGF cuya evaluación subjetiva del funcionamiento es incongruente con la del clínico, tienen niveles más altos de psicopatología en comparación con pacientes afectos de TMG, en casi todos los casos independientemente de la incongruencia en estos últimos. Conclusiones: La psicopatología parece estar relacionada con las diferentes percepciones de la enfermedad que tienen clínicos y pacientes. La incongruencia del paciente y del clínico puede utilizarse como una herramienta simple de cribaje de psicopatología o distrés psicológico, especialmente entre los pacientes con trastornos gastrointestinales funcionales, facilitando los procesos de interconsulta psiquiátrica.
Introduction: Psychopathology is highly associated with different subtypes of patients diagnosed of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGDs). It is known by the gastroenterologist’ the difficulty to detect and manage psychopathology, generating late and sometimes erroneous digestive diagnoses. Gastrointestinal motility disorders (GMDs) have been less studied from this perspective. Taking into account the subjective experience of the patient in relation to their disease, compared to the evaluation of the gastroenterologist and the level of incongruence between the two may be useful in the approach of these patients. Objectives: To study psychopathology, quality of life and personality traits of patients admitted for specialized assessment in an inpatient tertiary Digestive Unit. On the other hand, the incongruence of the functionality evaluated by clinicians and patients and its relation with psychopathology was investigated. Methods: The present research is described as an observational, cross-sectional study. We included all patients hospitalized for evaluation of gastrointestinal motor function in a highly specialized Digestive Unit based at a tertiary referral center during two years. A total of 103 patients were included and evaluated by the psychiatrist within 72 hours of admission to the hospital. A clinical interview was conducted and the following self-administered scales were used: HAD, SCL-90-R, TAS-20, SF-36 and NEO-FFI-R. Digestive diagnostic tests were performed; to evaluate the functionality Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS) was used. The incongruence variable was defined as the difference between KPS and the physical performance subscales of the SF-36 (both in the 0-100 range). Results: There were no remarkable differences between the two groups in relation to sociodemographic data, personality traits or psychopathology. However, the correlation of the functionality measured by the clinician with the subjective physical functioning was high and statistically significant only in the case of patients diagnosed with GMDs. Incongruence between the clinicians’ and patients’ evaluation of functionality correlated with all SCL-90-R subscales. When stratified by digestive diagnosis group, all SCL-90-R subscales correlated with incongruence in the FGDs group, whereas only the correlation with somatization was statistically significant among patients with GMDs. Covariance analyses did not show statistically significant differences in the levels of psychopathology among the digestive diagnosis groups when controlling for incongruence. In contraposition, this incongruence data showed statistically significant covariation in all cases, so the incongruence showed a greater predictive capacity for psychopathology than gastrointestinal diagnosis per se. Using general linear models, it was found that incongruence was the variable with stronger relationships with psychopathological variables, even when controlled by diagnosis. Interactions between incongruence and digestive diagnosis were found (GMDs vs. FGDs), demonstrating that patients with FGDs whose subjective performance evaluation is inconsistent with that of the clinician, have higher levels of psychopathology compared to patients with GMDs, in most cases regardless of incongruence in the latter. Conclusions: Psychopathology seems to be related to the different perceptions of the disease that the clinicians and the patients have. Patient and clinician incongruence can be used as a simple screening tool for psychopathology or psychological distress, especially among patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders, facilitating psychiatric liaison consultations.

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Törn, Fredrik. "Challenging consistency : effects of brand-incongruent communications." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Centrum för Konsumentmarknadsföring (CCM), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-441.

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This is a thesis on how established brands can enhance their strength, interestingness, and vitality. A threat to contemporary established brands is that they may in fact be too well established to be interesting and stimulate curiosity among consumers. A managerial fixation in maintaining consistency in brand communications may have put a straitjacket onto advertising executions for established brands. Therefore, managers for established brands facing communication objectives of enhanced salience in memory, better top-of-mind awareness, and greater consumer interest in the brand, may need to devise communication strategies in ways which are different – and even considerably different – from what they used to execute in the past. This thesis examines one such way – communications which are incongruent with consumers' established brand associations. In this thesis, I seek to challenge the popular adage in maintaining consistency in brand communications, by examining effects of brand incongruent communications for established brands from a schema congruity theory perspective. I do this in a series of six articles, each highlighting different types of brand-incongruent communication elements and effects on consumer memory and evaluations. Whereas conventional advertising wisdom, as well as traditional literature on brand management, would discourage a conduct which goes against established brand associations, this thesis argues that – for established brands – the employment of communication executions which challenge existing brand associations may actually improve marketing communication effectiveness. The aim of this thesis is to spur insight among academics and practitioners into the advancement of established brands. I argue that methods, which are successful to build brand equity for new brands, may be less effective when the objective is to enhance brand equity and consumer interest in already well established brands. The results of the studies presented in this thesis imply that the popular tendency of embracing consistency in brand communications may have to be revisited since brand-incongruent communications can generate more attention, better memory of ads and brands, improve evaluations and purchase intentions, as well as enhance brand associations and brand interest.

Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2009 Sammanfattning jämte 6 uppsatser

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Törn, Fredrik. "Challenging consistency : effects of brand-incongruent communications /." Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (EFI), 2009. http://www2.hhs.se/efi/summary/777.htm.

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Le, Roux Daniel Bartholomeus. "Incongruence and enactment in information systems : a sensemaking analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85663.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the six decades since organisations rst adopted computer machinery to support their operations this form of technology has undergone rapid evolution. This evolution is characterised by both the advancement of the machines themselves and the expansion of their application in the organisational domain through the development of increasingly advanced software. A particularly in uential development for large enterprises has been the introduction of computerised Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERPs) and the popularisation of proprietary ERP packages. By integrating the feature sets of an increasingly wide range of business software applications ERPs enable organisations to satisfy a large part of their information processing requirements by adopting a single software artefact. This approach o ers numerous bene ts to adopters as it ensures the integration of information processing activities across organisational functions. However, the realisation of these bene ts depends upon the organisation's ability to achieve congruence between its own structures and those embedded in proprietary ERP packages. This includes, on one level, the management of the processes of adaptation through which organisational actors become accustomed to a new technology and, on another level, the con guration and alignment of the artefact with the organisation's operating procedures. Despite the popularity of ERP adoption the achievement of congruence in information systems is an illusive ideal for many organisations. Accordingly, many Information Systems (IS) scholars have researched the organisational, technical and social factors which obstruct congruence and the interventions proposed to counter these. A key nding following from these investigations is that, notwithstanding the implementation of countering interventions, organisations often need to continue operations while experiencing some degree of incongruence or mis t in their information systems. The research performed in this study advances knowledge about this phenomenon by investigating the implications of incongruence for the behaviour of users of proprietary ERPs in organisations. Weickean Sensemaking Theory is adopted as conceptual framework to enable the investigation of instances of incongruence as events experienced by users in the context of their work environments. The theory dictates that users, rather than passively adopting the impositions of software artefacts, en- act information systems in unpredictable ways based on subjective and shared processes of sensemaking. An empirical investigation is performed and takes the form of a single, cross-sectional case study in which a variety of data collection techniques are utilised. The data sources are analysed and triangulated to trace the relationship between experiences of incongruence and patterns of information systems enactment among the user community. The ndings of the study reveal that experiences of incongruence cultivate knowledge sharing among a user community, a process which aligns their beliefs about the nature, role and use of a technology in an organisation. Furthermore, experiences of incongruence encourage users to augment designed technologies through the development informal information processing activities and alternative work ows. These forms of behaviour, while resolving users' experiences incongruence, lead to variance between the designed technology and the enacted technology creating various risks for the integrity of the organisation's business processes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die ses dekades sedert organisasies rekenaar masjinerie begin toepas het om hul bedrywighede te ondersteun, het hierdie vorm van tegnologie dramatiese ontwikkeling ondergaan. Hierdie ontwikkeling word gekenmerk deur beide die bevordering van die masjiene self, asook die uitbreiding van hul toepassings in die organisatoriese domein deur die ontwikkeling van meer gevorderde sagteware. 'n Besonder invloedryke ontwikkeling vir groot ondernemings was die bekendstelling van gerekenariseerde Enterprise Resource Plan- ning Systems (ERPs) en die popularisering van kommersiële ERP pakkette. Deur die integrasie van 'n toenemend wye verskeidenheid funksionaliteit stel ERPs organisasies in staat om 'n groot deel van hul inligting verwerking vereistes deur die aanneming van 'n enkele sagteware produk te dek - 'n benadering wat talle voordele bied aangesien dit die integrasie van inligting verwerking tussen organisatoriese funksies verseker. Die verwesenliking van hierdie voordele is egter afhanklik van die organisasie se vermoë om kongruensie tussen sy eie strukture en die van ERP pakkette te bewerkstelling. Dit sluit die bestuur van prosesse waartydens organisatoriese akteurs aanpas by 'n nuwe tegnologie in, asook die kon gurasie van die pakket om belyning met die organisasie se operasionele prosedures te verseker. Ten spyte van die gewildheid van ERPs is die bereiking van kongruensie in inligtingstelsels 'n ontwykende ideaal vir baie organisasies. Gevolglik word die organisatoriese, tegniese en sosiale faktore wat kongruensie belemmer gereeld deur Information Systems (IS) akademici ondersoek. 'n Prominenete bevinding wat uit hierdie navorsing voortspruit is dat organisasies dikwels hul werk moet voortsit ten spyte van inkongruensie in hul inligtingstelsels. In hierdie studie word die bovermelde fenomeen verder ondersoek deur die implikasies van inkongruensie vir die gedrag van gebruikers van kommersiële ERP pakkette te ondersoek. Weick se Sensemaking teorie word toegepas as konseptuele raamwerk om gevalle van inkongruensie as gebeure wat deur gebruikers ervaar word te ondersoek. Die teorie bepaal dat die gebruikers nie bloot rekenaarstelsels aanvaar nie, maar dit op onvoorspelbare maniere enact op grond van subjektiewe en gedeelde prosesse van singewing. 'n Gevallestudie word uitgevoer waarin 'n verskeidenheid data-insamelingstegnieke gebruik word. Die databronne word ontleed en kruisvalidasie word gedoen om die verhouding tussen ervarings van inkongruensie en patrone van gedrag binne inligtingstelsels te beskryf. Die bevindinge van die studie dui daarop dat ervarings van inkongruensie die deel van kennis binne 'n gebruikersgemeenskap tot gevolg het. Hierdie proses belyn gebruikers se verwysingsraamwerke oor die aard, rol en gebruik van 'n tegnologie in 'n organisasie. Verder word bevind dat gebruikers, agv ervarings van inkongruensie, 'n tegnologie uitbrei dmv die ontwikkeling van informele inligting verwerkingstegnieke en alternatiewe werksprosesse. Hierdie gedrag stel gebruikers in staat om inkongruensie te oorkom, maar lei tot variansie tussen die ontwerpte tegnologie en die toepassing daarvan binne die organisasie. Dit hou verskeie risiko's vir die integriteit van die organisasie se besigheidsprosesse in.

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Bluteau, Marie-Claude. "The incongruent dissolution of scorodite-solubilities, kinetics and mechanisms /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82470.

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This thesis reports the results of an investigation of scorodite long-term solubility and stability conducted at fixed pH (5-9) and temperature (22°C, 50°C and 75°C). The decomposition of scorodite at 22°C was found to be extremely slow. At neutral pH, the arsenic concentration stabilized at 5.8 mg/L. As scorodite dissolved, the iron reprecipitated as 2-line ferrihydrite. The growth and re-crystallization of ferrihydrite was delayed by apparent arsenate adsorption. The solubility product of scorodite was calculated as 10-25.5. The dissolution rate of scorodite in a pure system was modeled with a decreasing exponential equation. The pre-exponential factor approached first order vis-a-vis OH- concentration and the activation energy suggested that scorodite dissolution is chemically controlled. A thermodynamic investigation indicated that the stability field of scorodite extends up to pH 6.75 for a molality of the aqueous species of 6.7x10 -5 (5 mg/L As) when in equilibrium with ferrihydrite but only up to pH 2.3 when in equilibrium with goethite. The presence of gypsum led to lower arsenic concentrations; this was attributed to the formation of calcium-iron-arsenate compounds, such as yukonite (Ca2Fe3(AsO4) 4(OH)·12H2O).

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Núñez, Peña María Isabel. "Análisis del componente N400: estudio de diferentes formas de incongruencia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670509.

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A finales de los años 80 y principios de los 90, un grupo de investigadores del departamento de Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento de la Universidad de Barcelona elaboró varios trabajos en el campo de la Neurociencia Cognitiva (Cosculluela, 1992; Honrubia, 1989; Salafranca, 1991; Solanas, 1990; y, Turbany, 1992). Nuestro estudio pretende dar continuidad a aquellos trabajos y, en concreto, enlaza con la tesis de la Dra. Honrubia. Una de las preguntas que lanzó en su trabajo es la que originaría años después éste: ¿Es el N400 un indicador del procesamiento del lenguaje o, por el contrario, es un indicador de desapareamiento general? Hasta el año 1989, fecha en que la Dra. Honrubia defendió su tesis, se habían publicado varios artículos sobre el componente N400. Mientras que un grupo, liderado por los descubridores de este componente -Hillyard y Kutas-, lo concebía como un indicador específico del procesamiento lingüístico, otros investigadores habían obtenido ondas negativas equiparables al componente N400 ante incongruencias en tareas no lingüísticas. En definitiva, el problema estaba servido y era necesario intentar delimitar y precisar la naturaleza de este componente. En definitiva, el objeto de esta tesis es estudiar la posible especificidad del componente N400. En las páginas siguientes profundizaremos en la polémica e intentaremos echar un poco de luz sobre su origen. Daremos comienzo a la exposición ofreciendo al lector un breve capítulo introductorio al tema de los potenciales evocados. Después presentaremos, ahora sí con detalle, la evolución histórica de la aparición en la literatura científica del componente N400 desde su descubrimiento, en 1980, hasta la actualidad. Comprobaremos cómo a pesar de tratarse de un componente cuyo descubrimiento es relativamente reciente, la producción científica (tanto en trabajos de investigación como en reflexión teórica) que ha originado alcanza un volumen considerable.

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Rea, Alethea. "Statistical approaches to phylogenetic networks, recombination and testing of incongruence." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/6762.

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Phylogenetics is the study of relationships between species using Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA). This thesis takes a statistical approach to two phenomenon which violate the assumption that evolution is treelike, and examines ways of visualising non-treelike signal. We use networks to display phylogenetic signal as they are robust and capable of displaying uncertainty. Phylogenetic network inference involves estimating discrete (topology) and continuous (branch length) parameters. One particular class of phylogenetic networks, split networks, can be viewed as points in Euclidean space of high dimension. In theory, then, phylogenetic analysis become a problem of inferring simple real valued parameters. In this thesis we report on our experiences turning this theory into practice. We use the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) approach to regression in the first instance and then extend the LASSO to a partial LASSO. Within genes, phenomena like recombination (combining genetic material from more than one source) leads to non-treelike evolutionary histories. We introduce two methods for estimating the location of a recombination event. The first method is based on detecting a regime shift in the presence of recombination and the second method models the signal in each pair of DNA sites. Even if each gene has a treelike evolutionary history, the histories may not be shared. Therefore, we developed an approach to constructing a confidence set of topologies for a set of genes. If this set is empty then the genes do not share an evolutionary history. We conclude that the new statistical approaches to these phenomena, developed here, can give further insight into an evolutionary history

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Cameron, C. M. "Mood congruence and incongruence : effects of mood manipulation and personality." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597240.

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Recent results in the area of mood and memory have highlighted the limits of simple models of mood effects put forward in the 1980's [e.g. Bower, 1981]. One set of studies of which illustrates results that cannot easily be accommodated by such simple approaches is the finding of mood incongruence by Parrott & Sabini [1990]. This thesis investigated how mood and personality affect the recall of emotional material, initially replicating a study of Parrott & Sabini [1990] and extending this work by looking at recall of semantic material under similar conditions using the self referent encoding paradigm (SRE) [Rogers, Kuipers & Kirker, 1997]. Two types of material were studied - autobiographical memories and adjectives previously rated for self reference - each being investigated following a covert musical mood induction procedure (MIP), an overt musical MIP or in the absence of a prior mood change. The effects of the personality traits of repression, neuroticism and extraversion on these two memory tasks were also studied. It was found that mood effects on memory vary with the type of memory being recalled. For both autobiographical memories and self-referent adjectives, overall recall following an overt MIP produced mood congruity, while no effects were found for initial recall. However, where the MIP used was covert, recall of the initial autobiographical memory showed 'mood incongruity' (an effect limited to non-repressors), while mood congruity was found for the initial adjective recalled in the SRE study. Examination of personality traits on mood effects revealed a number of interesting effects. In general repressors showed a tendency to avoid recalling negative material in the absence of a mood change, and showed some evidence of a lack of mood effects on both memory tasks following the overt MIP.

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Jones, Owen Anthony. "The sources of goal incongruence in a public service network." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/57423/.

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Goal incongruence, both within organisations and between organisations operating in a network context, has long been acknowledged as an important influence on organisational behaviour. This work presents the findings from an ethnographic study of goal incongruence in a public service network located in the UK. The study develops a conceptual framework for defining and researching the extent and sources of goal incongruence within public service networks. The author defines incongruence as contradiction between goals, draws evidence from organizationally enacted behaviours and recognises distinctions between formal goals and the operative goals of network groups. Empirical evidence is used to evaluate two explanations of goal incongruence: that goal incongruence is produced by the nature of bureaucratic delegation (the hierarchical model) and that it is produced by professional difference (the horizontal model). The findings of the study indicate that bureaucratic delegation is the source of goal incongruence. However, several elements of the hierarchical model are questioned. The evidence does not support the orthodox view that incongruence between formal and operative goals increases as conceptions of desired ends are transmitted downward within hierarchies. The study finds that the operative goals of actors at the apex of the network were most highly incongruent with the formal goals of the network. Professional difference was not a source of goal incongruence. Indeed the study provided evidence that operational staff who exhibited different professional identities co-operated to integrate practice and reduce goal-incongruence. The study concludes that the application of the novel conceptual framework provides a more selective, detailed and convincing account of goal incongruence than those found in the recent literature. The sources of goal incongruence were hierarchical elites putting the resources of the network to their own purposes as social agents and hierarchically imposed systems of organisational obligation and performance control. Finally, the study suggests that evidence for interprofessional integration indicates that the role of peer groups in moderating goal incongruence is under-represented in theoretical and empirical accounts of goal incongruence.

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Renk, Pamela J. "Self-report and behavioral reactions to male sex-role incongruency." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/354.

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Fonseca, Caballero Josè Luis. "“INCONGRUENCIA DE LA COMPETENCIA TERRITORIAL DE EXCEPCIÓN EN MATERIA PENAL FEDERAL.”." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/67202.

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La presente investigación surgió al advertir los problemas jurídicos y prácticos que se presentan con motivo de la aplicación de la competencia territorial de excepción en materia penal federal. La reflexión y análisis que se hará en los diferentes capítulos que forman este trabajo, nos permitirá comprobar que el legislador al crear dicha figura jurídica, extrapoló la función del Ministerio Público Federal, autorizándolo a que con su actividad estableciera la competencia, no obstante de que ésta es un atributo esencial del ejercicio de la jurisdicción, que constitucionalmente le corresponde exclusivamente a la autoridad judicial; por lo tanto, el Ministerio Público como sujeto de la relación procesal en la investigación y persecución del delito, de conformidad con el primer párrafo, del artículo 21 de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, debe quedar sujeto a las reglas de la competencia de la jurisdicción federal y no a la inversa. Para tal efecto, inicialmente se hace un estudio del orden como un elemento rector del derecho que nos servirá para ubicar, desarrollar y demostrar razonadamente la tesis propuesta.

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Rom, Matthew. "Cherokee College Students' Experiences with Cultural Incongruence on Primarily Whitestreamed Campuses." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6481.

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The persistence rates of Native American students in higher education are lower than other underrepresented groups. Research suggests that the discrepancy could result from factors outside of students' academic knowledge. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore how Cherokee students perceive their tribal culture affects their ability to persist at institutions of higher education with a primarily Whitestreamed campus culture. Tharp's cultural compatibility theory and Astin's student involvement theory guided the development of the research questions. The research questions explored potential differences between Cherokee students' tribal culture and the culture these students percieve exists on their college campus, how those differences could influence their ability to persist, and the educational changes Cherokee students suggest are made to increase persistence rates. Interviews with 8 Cherokee students from 2 institutions in the Midwest region of the United States were analyzed using open coding. The resulting themes suggested that participants perceived cultural incongruence with the campus culture, which often led to feelings of isolation and a lower sense of belonging. Involvement in campus activities and groups and encouragement from family and community helped participants persist. Suggested changes to the learning environment included incorporating indigenous instructional methods, creating dedicated spaces for Cherokee students, and increasing mentor relationships. A positive social change implication of this study is the increased knowledge and understanding of the factors that may contribute to low persistence rates of Native American students.

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Mohtar, Mozard. "Brand personality complementatity : its effects on evaluations of extremely incongruent extensions." Thesis, Aston University, 2015. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/27178/.

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Prior research on brand extension has provided little evidence on enhancing the evaluation of extremely incongruent extension. Adopting the theoretical framework of schema congruity theory, the author posits that evaluations can be improved if brand personality impressions of both parent brand and extension are complementary. The author coins this as the brand personality complementarity (BPC) principle. Prior to examining BPC effect, cultural-specific brand personality scale was developed to identify universal and indigenous brand personality dimensions. The reason is BPC requires a reliable and valid brand personality scale in order to detect its effect. Following successful identification of the cultural-specific brand personality scale, a total of three experimental studies were done to investigate BPC effect. Specifically, one experimental study identified complementary levels amongst brand personality dimensions, whereas two experimental studies investigated the moderating effect of BPC. Findings from the scale development study reveal that Malaysian brand personality (MBP) scale is a second higher-order factor reflected by first higher-order factors of sophistication, youth, competence, and sincerity. Most importantly, findings from the experimental studies revealed; 1) different BPC levels amongst all possible pairs of MBP dimensions, 2) significant interaction effect of brand extension congruity x BPC, and 3) significant mediation effect of complementarity resolution. Specific findings indicated that when iv text-based stimuli were used to form brand personality impression, even low BPC level improves the evaluations of extremely incongruent extension. However, when visualbased stimuli were used, low BPC level worsen the extension evaluation compared those of the control condition (i.e. without brand personality impression). Implications for both academician and practitioner are discussed.

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Liu, Yajun. "The kinetics of incongruent reduction between sapphire and Mg-Al melts." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29401.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Ken Sandhage - Committee Chair, Robert Snyder - Committee Co-Chair, G. Paul Neitzel - Committee Member, Preet Singh - Committee Member, Robert Speyer - Committee Member Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Ireland, David Ian. "The influence of incongruence on perceived emotional meaning in the film soundtrack." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590475.

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The terms 'congruence' and 'incongruence' recur throughout a body of experiments designed to investigate the perception of film music. These studies suggest that congruent film-music relationships result in joint encoding of auditory and visual information. Conversely, incongruent relationships can result in independent encoding processes which direct attention to the component parts of a scene: this may influence the perception of meaning and emotional response. Accordingly, certain incongruent film music combinations can be highly emotive and memorable whilst others may be significantly less so. However, the terms are not explicitly defined within the literature and whilst congruence implies fit, incongruence can connote inappropriate or misfitting elements within a relationship. Similarities can be identified with terms used to describe the film -music relationship, such as 'parallel' and 'counterpoint', which have also become dichotomies that do not reflect the levels on which such combinations can be judged: in reality, these judgements are multidimensional, context-dependent and highly subjective. Multi- and interdisciplinary study provides an effective approach which can facilitate greater understanding of the potential impact of film-music (in)congruence. This thesis seeks to reconcile information that can be obtained when incongruence is studied on perceptual and analytical levels. It is suggested that incongruence can be more holistically represented when (re)defined as 'a lack of shared dimensions' and when the various contextual influences and dimensions on which this audiovisual difference can be judged are considered from a psycho-semiotic perspective. This perspective incorporates: experimental work; analytical case-studies; and conceptual study which draws upon poststructuralist philosophy, semiotic approaches, and the history and aesthetics of film music. The incongruent perspective demonstrates how various methodologies can contextualise and complement each other to provide insight into subjective judgements, exposjng dichotomies and hegemonic influences, in order to reflect the various contextual and subjective influences which can affect a perceiver's interactions with film

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Thiele, Veikko. "Essays on incongruent preferences for effort allocations in multi-task agency relations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/523228546.pdf.

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Lee, Brinna N. "Religiousness and Sexual Values Predict Sexual Incongruence: Results from a Nationally Representative Study." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1587121195489222.

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van, der Walt Dawita Johanna. "Humor in Die boek van toeval en toeverlaat Die benederyk en Die aanspraak van lewende wesens deur Ingrid Winterbach." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62663.

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Ingrid Winterbach's novels especially the latest novels since Die boek van toeval en toeverlaat are characterised by an unconventional sense of humour. Although the comic aspects of her work are frequently referred to, no systematic research of the specific comic aspects of her work has been undertaken to date, despite humour being a striking part of her work. Almost everyone who conducts research on the comical reflects on the issue that any scientific study of humour usually negates the humour of the subject matter. The many divergent attempts to create a theory of humour in literature were split into three useful groups by Perks (2012). Some theories address incongruency, others degradation, and the third group of theories discusses the relief associated with the comical. This interpretation of the theories of humour is used in this study to discuss the humour in three of Winterbach's novels. Although it is possible to discuss many of the situations that arise in the novels in terms of incongruency, degradation, or relief (often by using all three theories), it is readily apparent that Winterbach's unique sense of humour is not sufficiently captured by using just these theories. To investigate the effect of humour in Winterbach's novels, the interpretation of humour, as suggested by Milan Kundera in Testaments betrayed (1993), is used, wherein the Czech writer describes humour as a specific species of the comic that renders ambiguous everything it touches. This ambiguity that is created by the comical plays a central part in Winterbach's work.
Ingrid Winterbach se romans veral die laaste romans sedert Die boek van toeval en toeverlaat word deur 'n aweregse humorsin gekenmerk. Hoewel daar dikwels na komiese aspekte van haar werk verwys word, is geen stelselmatige ondersoek van spesifiek die komiese aspekte van haar werk tot dusver onderneem nie, terwyl dit 'n besonder opvallende kenmerk van Winterbach se werk is. Byna almal wat oor die komiese navorsing doen, wys op die probleem wat daarmee ontstaan aangesien 'n wetenskaplike studie juis dikwels die komiese ondermyn. Die talle uiteenlopende pogings om die komiese in letterkunde te teoretiseer, word deur Perks (2012) op 'n nuttige wyse in drie groepe gedeel. Sommige teorieë fokus op onversoenbaarheid, ander op degradasie, en 'n derde groep teorieë is gemoeid met die ontlading wat die komiese sou bied. Hierdie verdeling van teorieë rakende die komiese word in hierdie studie benut om die komiese in drie Winterbach-romans te beskryf. Hoewel dit moontlik is om talle komiese situasies in die drie romans deur middel van onversoenbaarheidsteorieë, degradasieteorieë, en ontladingsteorieë te beskryf (dikwels kan dieselfde situasie trouens deur al drie teorieë beskryf word), blyk dit gou dat Winterbach se kenmerkende humor nie genoegsaam daardeur beskryf kan word nie. Om die effek van humor in Winterbach se romans te ondersoek, word aangesluit by Milan Kundera se beskouing van humor in Testaments betrayed (1993), waarin die Tsjeggiese skrywer humor beskryf as 'n spesifieke "spesie" van die komiese wat meerduidigheid veroorsaak. Hierdie meerduidigheid wat deur die komiese bewerkstellig word, speel 'n sentrale rol in Winterbach se werk.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Afrikaans
MA
Unrestricted

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Bologna, Daniele A. "Role Ambiguity in the Face of Incongruent Demands: A Dynamic Role Theory Perspective." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535378773835018.

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Shwery, Craig Steven. "Reading beliefs, practices, and theories in classroom teaching: Congruent, ambiguous, and incongruent relationships." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187319.

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This study explored a teacher educator's beliefs, practices and theories during the teaching of a reading course READ 3323.02: Reading Acquisition, to 31 preservice teachers at a south Texas University during the Fall 1992 semester. Rationale for the study was based on current research that encourage the use of reflective inquiry practice to explore classroom instruction. Reflective practice is viewed as an alternative perspective to inquire into the teacher change process. Written in narrative, the inquiry explored my transition from a transmission belief system and related practices of the teaching of reading to a transactive sociocultural Constructivist/Vygotskian belief system and related practices about the teaching and learning of reading. The study addresses three aspects of myself as a teacher educator: (1) the beliefs I hold regarding teaching, reading, and learning; (2) the practices I employed; and (3) the relationships between my teaching beliefs, instructional practices and educational theory. Thirty-one class meetings were videotaped. Seven videotaped classes were selected to represent the study's primary data source. One videotape was used to initiate a practical argument of my classroom practices. The remaining six videotaped classes were transcribed into sets of anecdotal records and used to compare classroom instruction with the practical argument dialogue. Grounded theory procedures and techniques provided the comparative analysis that revealed twelve overarching teaching practices. The comparison of these teaching practices indicated degrees of congruent cases of relationships among my beliefs, practices, and current educational theories. These cases of practice relationships, termed Episodic Frames constructed a conceptual framework of congruent, ambiguous, and incongruent relationships between and among the twelve practices and my beliefs and theories about teaching, reading, and learning. The resultant framework represents my personal practical knowledge teaching system I employed during the teaching of reading to preservice teachers. Secondary data sources from student journal entries and other class related artifacts were used for triangulation purposes to support and inform this teaching system. Presented from the findings is one possible interpretation about the movement from a transmission-style of teaching to a more interactive-style of practice. This interpretation suggests an alternate view about the teacher change process.

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Georghiades, Alicia. "Incongruent Views of Quality of Life between Patients and Physicians: A Mixed-Methods Enquiry." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673738.

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Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) continue to be the most common disorders treated in gastroenterological practice. They are associated with higher levels of psychological distress, impaired quality of life and increased healthcare use. The main objective of the current thesis was to evaluate the level of discrepancy (i.e., incongruence) between patients and physicians quality of life, as well as the effect this has on psychological distress, physician satisfaction and quality of life. More specifically, we explored the effect of incongruence in a primary care setting and compared this between two patient groups: patients with an FGID diagnosis and patients with an organic diagnosis. In order to pursue our main objective, two studies were carried out. The first study involved a systematic review examining the potential benefits of short-term educational interventions. The second study was a cross sectional mixed-methods study that aimed to explore the differences that exist between incongruent and diagnostic groups in relation to psychological distress, physician satisfaction and quality of life. This also involved assessing the aforementioned variables whilst taking into account other variables that could potentially be moderating the relationship. The final part of the study involved implementing a qualitative approach which consisted of focus groups with patients and semi-structured interviews with physicians. The results from the first study indicated that short educational programmes could benefit both patients and physicians, yet there still appears to be limited research regarding effective programmes that specifically target symptom severity and quality of life of patients. Furthermore, training and intervention opportunities for physicians are still relatively sparse leading to difficulties when assisting patients in practice. The findings from the analyses conducted with incongruence as a dichotomised variable showed that both incongruence and diagnosis contribute to psychological distress. Patients in the incongruent group had higher scores on psychological distress than congruent patients. On the other hand, no significant differences were found between incongruent and congruent patients in relation to physician satisfaction levels. Patients with an FGID diagnosis had higher scores on psychological distress and lower physician satisfaction levels than patients with an organic diagnosis. The results from the analyses carried out with incongruence as a continuous variable supported this further. Statistically significant positive correlations were found for incongruence with psychological distress and age. Female patients and patients with an FGID diagnosis had higher levels of psychological distress and worse quality of life, as well as lower physician satisfaction in the case of patients with an FGID diagnosis. A statistically significant positive correlation was found only for physician satisfaction and age. When carrying out multiple regression models, we found that gender and incongruence had the greatest influence on psychological distress. Finally, from the moderation models we found that only age was a significant moderator between incongruence and psychological distress. From the qualitative part of the research, five major themes were found when conducting a thematic analysis: (1) Illness, Emotional and Personal Problems (2) Disease- Healthcare System Interaction (3) Health system (4) Intervention and (5) Patients. From the patient focus groups key factors were outlined as needing to be addressed such as the overload of the healthcare system and long waiting lists. From the physician interviews we identified that a lack of resources and a clear referral pathway to mental health services may be contributing to the difficulties when treating these patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the influence of incongruence in primary healthcare settings using this procedure. Additionally, as far as we are aware this is also the first study to explore the underlying reasons for incongruence using a qualitative approach.
Los trastornos gastrointestinales funcionales (TGF) siguen siendo los trastornos más habituales tratados en la práctica gastroenterológica. Están asociados con los niveles más altos de distrés psicológico, deterioro de la calidad de vida y un mayor uso de la atención médica. El objetivo principal de la tesis fue evaluar el nivel de discrepancia (es decir, la incongruencia) entre la percepción de pacientes y médicos sobre la calidad de vida del paciente y el efecto que esto tiene sobre el distrés psicológico, la satisfacción con el médico y la calidad de vida. Más específicamente, exploramos el efecto de la incongruencia en un entorno de atención primaria y lo comparamos entre dos grupos de pacientes; pacientes con diagnóstico de TGF y pacientes con diagnóstico orgánico. Los resultados del primer estudio indicaron que los programas educativos breves podrían beneficiar tanto a los pacientes como a los médicos, sin embargo, todavía parece haber bibliografía limitada con respecto a programas efectivos que se enfoquen específicamente en la gravedad de los síntomas y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Los hallazgos de los análisis realizados con la incongruencia mostraron que tanto la incongruencia como el diagnóstico contribuyen el distrés psicológico. Los resultados de los análisis cuantitativos adicionales respaldaron esto aún más, además en estos se encontraron correlaciones positivas estadísticamente significativas para la incongruencia con el distrés psicológico y la edad. Las pacientes del sexo femenino y los pacientes con diagnóstico de TGF presentaron mayores niveles del distrés psicológico y peor calidad de vida, además de menor satisfacción con el médico que en el caso de los pacientes con diagnóstico TGF. De la parte cualitativa de la investigación, se encontraron cinco grandes tópicos al realizar un análisis temático; (1) Enfermedad, problemas emocionales y personales (2) Interacción enfermedad-sistema sanitario (3) Sistema sanitario (4) Intervención y (5) Pacientes. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer estudio que investiga la influencia de la incongruencia en los entornos de atención primaria de la salud utilizando este procedimiento. Además, este es también el primer estudio que explora las razones subyacentes de la incongruencia utilizando un enfoque cualitativo.

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Bigot, Thomas. "Recherche automatisée de motifs dans les arbres phylogénétiques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01044878.

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La phylogénie permet de reconstituer l'histoire évolutive de séquences ainsi que des espèces qui les portent. Les récents progrès des méthodes de séquençage ont permis une inflation du nombre de séquences disponibles et donc du nombre d'arbres de gènes qu'il est possible de construire. La question qui se pose est alors d'optimiser la recherche d'informations dans ces arbres. Cette recherche doit être à la fois exhaustive et efficace. Pour ce faire, mon travail de thèse a consisté en l'écriture puis en l'utilisation d'un ensemble de programmes capables de parcourir et d'annoter les arbres phylogénétiques. Cet ensemble de programmes porte le nom de TPMS (Tree Pattern Matching Suite). Le premier de ces programmes (tpms_query) permet d'effectuer l'interrogation de collections à l'aide d'un formalisme dédie. Les possibilités qu'il offre sont : La détection de transferts horizontaux : Si un arbre de gènes présente une espèce branchée dans un arbre au milieu d'un groupe monophylétique d'espèces avec lesquelles elle n'est pas apparentée, on peut supposer qu'il s'agit d'un transfert horizontal, si ces organismes sont des procaryotes ou des eucaryotes unicellulaires. La détection d'orthologie : Si une partie d'un arbre de gènes correspond exactement à l'arbre des espèces, on peut alors supposer que ces gènes sont un ensemble de gènes d'orthologues. La validation de phylogénies connues : Quand l'arbre des espèces donne lieu à des débats, il peut est possible d'interroger une large collection d'arbres de gènes pour voir combien de familles de gènes correspondent à chaque hypothèse. Un autre programme, tpms_computations, permet d'effectuer des opérations en parallèle sur tous les arbres, et propose notamment l'enracinement automatique des arbres via différents critères, ainsi que l'extraction de sous arbres d'orthologues (séquence unique par espèce). Il propose aussi une méthode de détection automatique d'incongruences. La thèse présente le contexte, les différents algorithmes à la base de ces programmes, ainsi que plusieurs utilisations qui en ont été faites

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Johnson, Jennifer Adrienne. "The behavioral and neural correlates of bimodal selective and divided attention to incongruent audiovisual events /." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111851.

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Humans live in a world rich in multisensory information. Often information reaching one sense is completely unrelated to information reaching another sense; that is, they are spatially and temporally incongruent. The goal of the research presented in this thesis was to elucidate the behavioral and neural bases of attention to incongruent audiovisual information. Five issues were addressed: (1) developing an appropriate behavioral paradigm to test bimodal attention, (2) understanding the role of crossmodal suppression in unimodal attention, (3) exploring the interaction of auditory and visual sensory cortex during bimodal selective attention, (4) exploring the role of fronto-parietal networks in bimodal selective attention, and (5) exploring the neural correlates of bimodal divided attention. Two different behavioral paradigms demonstrated that attended information was remembered better than unattended information. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed that crossmodal suppression of sensory cortex subserving a non-presented modality occurred consistently during unimodal attention tasks, and increased with attentional demand. During bimodal selective attention, activity was often enhanced in sensory cortex subserving an attended modality and suppressed in sensory cortex subserving an unattended modality, both compared to a bimodal passive baseline. This interaction depended in part on attentional demand and the nature of the stimulus information. No prefrontal regions were consistently activated by bimodal selective attention; however, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was recruited during one of the bimodal divided attention paradigms. Furthermore, temporary inactivation of the DLPFC using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) led to decreased bimodal divided attention performance using the same paradigm. However, using a different bimodal divided attention paradigm, DLPFC was not recruited and instead ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) showed task-induced deactivation. This divergence is explained by the unique requirements of the two bimodal divided attention paradigms. Overall, these findings provide improved understanding of how humans process and attend to multisensory information, and raise several questions for further investigation.

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Pluntz, Camille. "L'extension incongruente, un risque pour les légitimités de la marque humaine ? Application aux réalisateurs de films." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090031.

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La recherche en marketing commence à tracer les contours d’un concept de marque humaine. Les parcours professionnels de certains de ces individus appréhendés tels des marques, comme ceux des réalisateurs de films, nous conduisent à soulever la question de l’extension de la marque humaine. Sachant que l’existence sociale de l’individu marqué dépend de la légitimité détenue auprès de publics clés (les membres internes de l’industrie, les critiques et le grand public), la question se pose alors de l’extension incongruente et du risque que représente cette extension spécifique pour les multiples légitimités de la marque humaine. Face à cette problématique, nous proposons d’étudier les mécanismes de perte et de gain de légitimités du réalisateur de film déclenchés par la sortie d’un film incongruent. En adoptant un design mixte, cette recherche montre que l’extension incongruente représente un risque de perte de légitimité moins élevé pour la marque humaine que l’extension modérément incongruente ou l’extension congruente. Et elle montre également que l’extension incongruente représente une opportunité de gain de légitimité plus élevé que les deux autres formes d’extensions. Cette thèse se conclut en soulignant que les processus de gain et de perte de légitimités constituent les dynamiques sous-jacentes des parcours professionnels des marques humaines et que suivant les mécanismes révélés, ces parcours professionnels peuvent être stratégiquement élaborés
Marketing research has begun tracing the contours of a human brand concept. The subsequent issue of human brand extension arises as branded individuals (such as movie directors) can be seen moving forward in their careers. The question of incongruent human brand extension is particularly important because the social existences of these branded individuals depend on the legitimacy they hold in regards to various key constituencies (internal members of the industry, critics, the general public). And incongruent human brand extensions can represent a threat for these various legitimacies. We choose to look into this question by studying the mecanisms of movie director legitimation which are unleashed by incongruent film extensions. We use a mixed design method. And we demonstrate that human brands risk loosing less legitimacy with an incongruent extension than with a moderately incongruent extension or with a congruent extension. We also find that human brands can earn more legitimacy with an incongruent extension than with a moderately incongruent extension or with a congruent extension. This doctoral research highlights that the mecanisms by which branded individuals gain or loose legitimacy are the underlying dynamics of their career paths. And by providing insight into these mecanisms, this work shows that these career paths can be undertaken strategically

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Reesor, Kenneth Alan. "Medically incongruent back pain presentation : an indication of physical restriction, suffering, and ineffective coping with pain." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27189.

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Chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients who display or report pain that is deemed incongruent and anatomically non-conforming relative to known organic impairment and expected symptomatology have been found to have a poorer outcome to medical treatment and rehabilitation, and to use health care resources excessively. The present investigation sought to contrast CLBP patients who displayed either multiple non-organic physical signs, multiple inappropriate symptoms, and/or anatomically incongruent pain drawings with a control CLBP patient sample in which these criteria were absent. A total of 80 CLBP patients, 40 with 'medically incongruent' pain and 40 'control' pain patients, completed as part of their assessment at a back pain clinic, a psychometric battery, a physical examination, a videotaped sequence of motor movements and positions, and an assessment with an experimental pressure pain induction task. Videotaped pain behavior observations and transcribed reports of cognitions during the pain induction were coded independently of pain group status. Dependent measures and other patient variables were subjected to 2 X 2 (pain group by sex) MANOVAs and appropriate univariate analyses. While there were no interaction effects in these analyses, and only minimal effects for sex, there were a number of significant effects for pain group. No differences emerged between pain groups on demographic, pain history, financial disincentives, or medication consumption, but self report and physical examination measures of physical limitation were higher in the incongruent pain group. The incongruent pain group also received higher scores on measures of pain intensity and depression, received higher global judgment ratings of pain, displayed more ambulatory/postural pain behavior, and reported more dysfunctional cognitions during pain experiences than the control group. When physical impairment/limitation was introduced as a covariate in MANCOVAs on the dependent variables, incongruent pain patients emerged as significantly different from control pain patients on the cognitive variables, but behavioral and self-report differences failed to emerge as significant. A discriminant analysis revealed that sense of control during the experimental task was the most important discriminator between the groups. These results highlight the role of cognition in CLBP patients who present with medically incongruent pain signs and support the idea that physically based interventions may fail with these patients because dysfunctional cognitive mediation of pain may not be altered. These results also suggest that these patients may be better conceptualized as being ineffective and overwhelmed in their attempts to cope with their chronic pain condition.
Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate

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Vandersall, Ellen J. "The voice, a truer window to the soul? the effects of face/voice incongruency on impression formation /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/756.

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Miceli, Christopher James. "'Look for the helpers': The impact of gender incongruence on transgender individuals' comfort asking for police help." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103876.

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Research has established a link between LGBTQ+ identity and high victimization rates. However, transgender experiences specifically are not well understood because they are often subsumed under the monolithic label of LGBTQ+ experiences, despite the specific risks associated with non-normative gender identities. It has also been established that the police function is grounded in the maintenance of the dominant social order. Given that LGBTQ+ individuals, and transgender individuals in particular, are disruptive of the social order, many of their interactions with police have been negative. In this study, I examine how varying degrees of "visible" gender nonconformity affect a transgender individual's comfort level with asking for police help. I hypothesize that transgender people who visibly transgress gender norms by physically presenting as a gender that does not match their government-issued identification will be less comfortable asking the police for help than transgender individuals who do not have such incongruence. Through a logistic regression analysis of the 2015 United States Transgender Survey, I find that those groups who visibly transgress gender norms have a higher likelihood of experiencing discomfort with asking for police help. These findings have important implications for our understanding of transgender victimization by elucidating the barriers to police officers' ability to prevent or lessen the effects of victimization within the transgender community.
Master of Science
Research has established a link between LGBTQ+ identity and high victimization rates. However, transgender experiences specifically are not well understood because they are often grouped in under the monolithic label of LGBTQ+ experiences, despite the specific risks associated with non-normative gender identities. It has also been established that the police function is grounded in the maintenance of the status quo. Given that LGBTQ+ individuals, and transgender individuals in particular, disrupt the status quo, many of their interactions with police have been negative. In this study, I examine how varying degrees of "visible" gender nonconformity affect a transgender individual's comfort level with asking for police help. I hypothesize that transgender people who visibly transgress gender norms by physically presenting as a gender that does not match their driver's license or state identification card will be less comfortable asking the police for help than transgender individuals who do not have such incongruence. Through a logistic regression analysis of the 2015 United States Transgender Survey, I find that those groups who visibly transgress gender norms have a higher likelihood of experiencing discomfort with asking for police help. These findings have important implications for our understanding of transgender victimization by elucidating the barriers to police officers' ability to prevent or lessen the effects of victimization within the transgender community.

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Lee, Jung-Gyo. "The match-up effect of celebrity-product congruence : do the degree of incongruence and consumer characteristics matter? /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3100059.

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O, Jiaqing. "The incongruence model of OCD symptomatology : the relevance of superstitiousness and stress reactions from an evolutionary perspective." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151157.

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An array of theoretical formulations has long been advanced in the literature in bids to elucidate obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), a disabling mental condition that has profound adverse consequences on the personal, familial, and societal fronts. However, while many of these theories have been successful in explicating, to varying degrees, the processes underlying the maintenance of OCD symptoms, none has yet been capable of presenting a persuasive and empirically-validated account of why OCD came about in the first place (which would be crucial for preventative efforts). In view of these, the thesis sought to propound a novel evolutionary formulation which highlighted the important roles of prehistorically-adaptive coping strategies (e.g. superstitiousness and certain stressor-reactions) with regards to the origin of OCD as a result of the mismatch between the prehistoric world and the modern environment (termed the incongruence model); and to subject it to a series of examinations. Correspondingly, a meta-analysis of every published study investigating the superstition-OCD relationship from the year 1990 (inclusive) to the year 2012 (inclusive) was first conducted; with the resultant findings suggesting that OCD was indeed intricately linked to superstitiousness. In addition, a cross-sectional research design employed in Study 1 to appraise the influence of proposed stressor-reactions and superstitions on subsequent OCD symptoms has suggested that the condition was a consequence of superstitious coping by individuals who have typically reacted to uncertain stressors with intolerance and avoidance. Study 2 then proceeded to delve into the incongruence model's contrastive notion pertaining to the adaptiveness of these OCD-associated coping strategies (e.g. avoidance and superstitions) by means of mediation and moderation analyses. The findings suggested a lower risk of work distress, subsequent sleep disturbances and poor subjective health among avoidance-inclined persons who have engaged in considerable amount of superstitions as compared to their counterparts. Further, the model's proposition that the nature of a person's superstitiousness was instrumental in clarifying the conflicting outcomes of superstitious coping, was tested in Study 3 by means of a moderated mediation paradigm. The findings suggested that infrequent engagement of superstitions across fewer life domains (but not perceived acceptance of superstitiousness) among superstitious individuals would potentially be detrimental to well-being (e.g. more OCD symptoms, greater number of health ailments, and fewer off-springs); vice versa. Overall, results from this program of research have provided appreciable, albeit preliminary, endorsement for the incongruence model's account in relation to the origin of OCD. Such findings have potentially huge relevance for OCD risk-reduction efforts, which are conceivably more beneficial than post-affliction treatments. Complementarily, these results have also afforded the stress-coping literature with an explanation concerning the origin of humans' differing reactions to stressors; and have also contributed an evidence-based interpretation of the contradictory findings in the superstition literature.

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Reichert, William Thomas 1965. "Employing incongruency as a form of communication-relevant distraction to enhance attitude change in an advertising context." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278337.

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Rarely are messages devoid of visual information. Yet, theoretical explanations for the effect of visual elements on persuasion is limited. Marketers have shown that incongruent visual elements in advertisements can affect memory outcomes. This study bridged communication and consumer behavior research to develop a theoretical framework to explain the affect of incongruent visual elements on (1) attitude toward the ad, and (2) purchase intention. The results of this study provided limited support for the proposed framework. Findings indicated that relevant pictorials will yield more positive evaluations and purchase intentions than irrelevant pictorials. Expected pictorials were also found to impact evaluations. Several moderating variables are speculated to explain the impact of visual elements in an advertising context.

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SueSee, Brendan. "Incongruence between self-reported and observed senior physical education teaching styles : an analysis using Mosston and Ashworth’s spectrum." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/60945/1/Brendan_SueSee_Thesis.pdf.

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Pedagogical styles, methods, models, practices or strategies are valued for what they claim they can achieve. In recent times curriculum documents and governments have called for a range of teaching approaches to meet the variety of learner differences and allow students to make more independent decision making in physical education (Hardy and Mawer, 1999). One well known system of categorizing teaching styles is the Mosston and Ashworth’s Spectrum of Teaching Styles (2002). In Queensland, prior to 2005, no research had been conducted on the teaching styles used by teachers of Physical Education. However, many teachers self-reported that they employed a variety of teaching styles depending on the aims and content of the material to be taught (Cothran, et al., 2005). This research, for the first time, collected teacher’s self-reported use of teaching styles and through observations verify the styles that were being used to teach Senior Physical Education in Queensland. More specifically the aims of the research were to determine: a) What teaching styles teachers of Senior Physical Education in Queensland believe they use? i) Were they using a range of teaching styles? ii) Were teachers of Senior Physical Education in Queensland using teaching styles that the Queensland Senior Physical Education Syllabus (2004) required? b) If Mosston and Ashworth’s (2002) Spectrum of Teaching Styles were used to categorise styles observed during the teaching of Senior Physical Education did the styles being used provide opportunities for evaluating as described by the Queensland Senior Physical Education Syllabus (2004)? The research was conducted in two phases. Part A involved use of a questionnaire to determine the teaching styles Queensland teachers of Senior Physical Education reported using and how often they reported using them. The questionnaire was administered to 110 teachers throughout Queensland. The sample was determined from 346 schools teaching Senior Physical Education (in 2006) across the state of Queensland, Australia. 286 questionnaires were sent to 77 non-randomised schools. There were 66 male and 44 female respondents in the sample. A wide range of teaching styles were reportedly used by teachers of Senior Physical Education with Practice Style-Style B, Command Style-Style A and Divergent Discovery Style-Style H, the most reportedly used. The Self-Teaching Style-Style K was reportedly used the least by teachers involved in this study. From the respondents a group of teachers were identified to form the participants for Part B. Part B of the study involved observation of a group of volunteer participants (from those who had completed the questionnaire) who displayed many of the ‘typical’ characteristics, and a cross-section of backgrounds, of teachers of Senior Physical Education in Queensland. In the case of this study, the criteria used to select the group of teachers to be observed teaching were, teaching experience (number of years: 0-4, 5-10 and 11 years and over), gender, geographical location of schools (focused on Brisbane and near area for travel/access purposes), profile of the students at schools (girls, boys or co-educational), nature of school (Government or Private) and the physical activities being taught in a school (activities to reflect all the areas of physical activity outlined within the syllabus). A total of 27 questionnaire respondents from Part A indicated that they were willing to be observed teaching practical lessons. The respondents who volunteered to be involved in Part B of the study came from different regions across the state of Queensland and was not confined to the Brisbane metropolitan area or large cities. From the group of people who volunteered for Part B four came from outside Brisbane and 23 from the Brisbane area. The final observation group of nine participants included eight teachers from the Brisbane area and one from a rural area. The characteristics of the final group included three females and six males from private and public schools with a range of teaching experience in years and a range of physical activities. Four year 12 and five year 11 teachers and their classes were videoed on three occasions as they progressed through an eight – nine week unit of work. This resulted in 24 hours 48 minutes and 20 seconds (or 4465 observations) of video teaching data which was subsequently coded by several researchers (99% interobserver reliability) to determine the teaching styles employed by the participants. This research indicated that, based on Mosston and Ashworth’s (2002) Spectrum of Teaching Styles, teachers of Senior Physical Education in Queensland used predominantly one style to teach 27 observed lessons. This is in sharp contrast to the variety of styles 110 teachers self- reportedly used and in spite of the Queensland Senior Physical Education Syllabus (2004) suggesting a range of specific styles be used. These results are discussed in the context of the Queensland Senior Physical Education Syllabus (2004), teacher knowledge of teaching styles and high-stakes curriculum and external pressures such as national testing and the publication of data from schools in tabloid newspapers. The data and findings in this research provide a rationale for improving teacher knowledge regarding teaching styles and the need for a clear definition of terminology in syllabus documents. Careful examination of the effects that the publishing of school data may have on teaching styles is advised. This research not only collected teacher’s perceptions of the teaching styles they believed they used it also verified these claims through direct observations of the teachers while teaching. These findings are relevant to syllabus writers, teacher educators, policy makers within education and teachers.

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DUPORT, MARC. "Chondromalacie rotulienne par incongruence rotatoire : evaluation a long terme de la plastie en z a propos de 100 cas." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31116.

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野田, 理世, and Masayo Noda. "遅延条件下での対人記憶 : 記憶表象モデルからの概観." 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7556.

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Burness, Sara. "Pyroxene stability within kimberlite magma in the upper mantle : an experimental investigation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96837.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Entrainment and assimilation of xenolithic material during kimberlite ascent is considered to be important in shaping the chemistry of the magma and fuelling magma ascent by driving CO2 exsolution. Previous, but as yet unpublished experimental work from Stellenbosch University has demonstrated that orthopyroxene has a key role in this. Orthopyroxene is a very rare xenocrystic constituent of kimberlite but makes up a considerable fraction of the entrained xenolithic material. The initial study used a natural kimberlite composition (ADF1) doped with a peridotite mineral suite (by weight); 88 % ADF1 5% olivine, 5% orthopyroxene and 2% garnet-spinel intergrowth as a starting composition. The subsequent high PT experiments (1100 to 1300°C and 2.0 to 3.5GPa) established that equilibrium orthopyroxene is stable at 1100°C above 2.5GPa, at 1200°C above 2.5GPa and at 1300°C between 2.0 and 3.5GPa. At lower pressures orthopyroxene is completely digested by the experimental melt by the reaction; Mg2Si2O6 (opx) = Mg2SiO4 (ol) + SiO2 (in liquid). In contrast, clinopyroxene is a common phase in kimberlite and often occurs as more than one generation of crystals. Xenocrystic clinopyroxene is dominated by diopside compositions. However, rare omphacite is sometimes also inherited from an eclogite source. The Omphacite, like orthopyroxene, displays textural evidence of severe disequilibrium and may also contribute to the evolution of kimberlitic melt. Thus, a second study produced experiments on the ADF1 kimberlite material at upper mantle PT conditions (1100 to 1300°C and 2.0 to 4.0GPa) as well as an omphacite doped starting material (ADF1+O). These experiments examine the behaviour of pyroxene in kimberlite magma including the influence this may have on magma buoyancy. Within this PT range omphacitic clinopyroxene breaks-down via complex multipart reactions. At 1100°C and 2.0GPa reaction textures around remnant omphacite suggest that omphacite melts incongruently in a complex reaction similar to: Omp + Melt = Ap + Cr-diop + SiO2-enriched Melt. At 1300°C omphacite melts completely and is perceived to produce peritectic Cr-diopside, calcium-rich olivine, carbonate in the melt as well as enrich the melt in SiO2. The melts produced by both the ADF1+O and ADF1 compositions at 1300°C and 4.0GPa are reduced in SiO2 content and have increased TiO2, Cr2O3, Al2O3, MnO, CaO, K2O and P2O5 compared to their respective starting compositions. However, significantly higher proportions of Ca, Na and Fe observed within the ADF1+O melt is a direct consequence of omphacite melting. The ADF1+O starting composition produced equilibrium orthopyroxene above 1100°C and 4.0GPa as well as at 1300°C above 2.0GPa. At lower pressure the orthopyroxene melts incongruently to form peritectic olivine and more silica-rich melt compositions. This digestion favours CO2 exsolution. The effect of orthopyroxene melting can be seen in the melt compositions produced by the peridotite doped starting material (ADF1+P) of the initial study. At 1300°C and 2.0GPa, ADF1+P produced a siliceous melt (37.0 wt.% SiO2) enriched in Al and alkalis compared to the starting ADF1+P composition. This behaviour is directly attributed to xenocrystic orthopyroxene melting at high temperature. In contrast, at the same PT the original kimberlite (ADF1) composition produces a melt with 28.9 wt.% SiO2 and high Ca and Mg contents. Overall, with an increase in pressure the melts become enriched in alkalis and Al2O3 as a direct result of xenocrystic pyroxene melting. In addition, increased pressure allows for a greater solubility of CO2 within the melt. This results in a lower SiO2 melt content and the increased stabilization of equilibrium silica-rich mineral phases (i.e. olivine and equilibrium orthopyroxene). Within the peridotite doped static system (unpublished) the mineral separates with an average crystal size of 115μm ±10μm were all effectively digested in less than 48hours. Similarly, the omphacite doped experiments consumed the 150μm (±10μm) xenocrysts in under 24 hours. Thus, it is suggested that xenocrystic pyroxene is unstable in these experimental kimberlitic melt compositions and is likely to be efficiently assimilated in less than 24 hours. These experimental melts most likely resemble those of natural systems under upper mantle PT conditions. Therefore, pyroxene melting increases the silica content of the melt which in turn drives CO2 exsolution and ascent.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Meevoering en assimilasie van xenolitiese materiaal gedurenende kimberliet bestyging is beskou as belangrik in verband met die vorming van die chemie van die magma, en bevorder magma bestyging deur die aandrywing van CO2 ontmenging. Vorige, maar ongepubliseerde eksperimentele werk vanaf Stellenbosch Universiteit het gedemonstreer dat ortopirokseen ‘n sleutelrol hierin het, omrede ortopirokseen ‘n baie skaars xenokristiese bestanddeel van kimberliet is maar ‘n aansienlike fraksie van die meevoerde xenolitiese materiaal moet opmaak. Hierdie studie het ‘n natuurlike primere kimberliet komposisie (ADFI) gedoop met ‘n peridotiet mineraal reeks (per gewig); 88 % ADF1 5% olivien, 5% ortopirokseen en 2% granaat-spinel ingroeiing as begin komposisie gebruik. Die daaropvolgende hoë DT eksperimente (1100 tot 1300°C en 2.0 tot 3.5GPa) het vasgestel dat ewewigsortopirokseen stabiel is teen 1100°C bo 2.5GPa, 1200°C bo 2.5GPa en teen 1300°C vanaf 2.0 tot 3.5Gpa. Teen laer druk word ortopirokseen geheel verteer deur die eksperimentele smelting volgens die reaksie Mg2Si2O6 (opx) = Mg2SiO4 (ol) + SiO2 (in vloeistof). In kontras hiermee is clinopirokseen algemeen in kiemberliet en kom dikwels voor as meer as een generasie se kristalle. Diopsiet komposisies domineer xenokristiese klinopirokseen. Seldsame omfasiet is tog somtyds ook geërf vanaf ‘n eklogiet bron. Die omfasiet, soos ortopirokseen, vertoon teksturuele bewys van ernstige disekwilibrium en mag ook bydra tot die evolusie van kimberlitiese smelt. Dus was daar addisionele eksperimente uitgevoer op die ADF1 kimberliet material teen hoër mantel DT kondisies (1100 tot 1300°C en 2.0 tot 4.0GPa), asook ‘n begin materiaal gedoop met omfasiet (ADF1+O). Hierdie eksperimente ondersoek die gedrag van pirokseen in kiemberliet magma, asook die invloed wat dit sal hê op die dryfvermoë van die magma. Binne hierdie DT reeks breek omfasitiese klinopirokseen af via komplekse multideel reaksie prosesse. Teen 1100°C en 2.0Gpa stel reaksie teksture rondom die oorblywende omfasiet voor dat omfasiet ongelykvormig smelt deur ‘n komplekse reaksie soortgelyk aan: Omp + Smelt = Ap + Cr-diop + SiO2-verrykde Smelt. Teen 1300°C smelt omfasiet volkome en is waargeneem om peritektiese Cr-diopsiet, kalsiumryke olivien en kalsiet te produseer, sowel as dat dit die smelt verryk in SiO2. Die smeltings geprodiseer deur die ADF1+O en ADF1 massa komposisies teen 1300°C en 4.0GPa is verlaag in SiO2 inhoud en bevat verhoogde TiO2, Cr2O3, Al2O3, MnO, CaO, K2O en P2O5 in vergelyking met die onderskeie begin komposisies. Aansienlike hoër proporsies van Ca, Na en Fe is egter waargeneem in die ADF1+O smelt en is ‘n direkte gevolg van die smelting van omfasiet. Die ADF1+O begin samestelling het ewewigsortopirokseen bo 1100°C en 4.0Gpa geproduseer en massa teen 1300°C en 2.0 tot 4.0GPa. Teen laer druk smelt hierdie pirokseen inkongruent om peritektiese olivien en meer silika-ryke smelt samestellings te vorm, en ontmeng CO2. Die effek van ortopirokseen smelting kan aanskou word in die smelt samestellings wat produseer is deur die begin materiaal wat gedoop is in peridotiet (ADF1+P), in die oorspronklike studie. Teen 1300°C en 2.0GPa het ADF1+P ‘n silikahoudende smelt (37.0 wt.% SiO2) produseer wat verryk is in Al en alkalies in vergelyking met die ADF1+P massa samestelling. Hierdie gedrag is direk toegeskryf aan die xenokristiese ortopirokseen wat smelt teen hoë temperatuur. In kontras hiermee, teen dieselfde DT kondisies produseer die oorspronklike kiemberliet (ADF1) massa ‘n smelt met 28.86 gewigspersentasie SiO2 en hoë Ca en Mg inhoud. In die algeheel word die smeltings verryk in alkalies en Al2O3 teen verhoogde druk as ‘n derekte gevolg van xenokristiese pirokseen smelting. Verder laat verhoogde druk toe vir hoër oplosbaarheid van CO2 in die smelt, wat lei tot laer SiO2 inhoud en ‘n toename in stabilisering van ewewigs silika-ryke mineraal fases (dws. olivien en ewewigsortopirokseen). In die peridotiet gedoopde statiese sisteem (ongepubliseerd), was die mineraal skeiding met ‘n gemiddelde kristal grootte van 115μm ±10μm almal effektief verteer in minder as 48 ure. Soortgelyk hieraan het die omfasiet gedoopde eksperimente die 150μm (±10μm) sade onder 24 ure verteer. Dus stel dit voor dat xenokristiese pirokseen in naatuurlike sisteme onstabiel is in kiemberlietiese smelt samestellings en sal waarskynlik geassimileer wees in miner as 24 ure en ‘n meer silica-ryke kiemberlietiese smelt samestelling produseer terwyl dit CO2, ontmenging en bestyging aandryf.

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MacLeod, Sharon Doreen. "Believe it or not?, the impact of source cue valence on the elaboration of congruent and incongruent brand information." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ31848.pdf.

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Brown, Cary A. "Consciousness, complexity and chronic pain : exploring the occurrence and implications of incongruent beliefs about 'important' chronic pain treatment components." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411417.

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Background: The biological sciences have contributed an extensive volume of research in efforts to resolve the issue of chronic pain. An expanding body of research, focusing on the psycho-social aspects of chronic pain, is also now evident. Paradigms applied to chronic pain appear to compete and lack an integrative framework. Aims: The original aim of this study was to identify and explore patterns of congruence that exist between service users and providers in relation to beliefs about which treatments for chronic pain are important. At the outset this research took a constructivist position, based within existing research which demonstrates that beliefs about chronic pain and its treatment are individually constructed and that lack of agreement between people with pain and treatment providers may contribute to negative treatment outcomes. As the iterative process of the research unfolded the aims of determining if a complex adaptive systems (CAS) analysis was appropriate for chronic pain and whether recommendations for change could legitimately be generated using a CAS paradigm, emerged. Methods: The literature was reviewed to identify conceptualizations of, and interventions for, chronic pain. Based on this information the Stage one postal survey, gathering service users' and providers' opinions about important treatment components, was designed. The survey also included Skevington's standardised Beliefs About Pain Control Questionnaire (BPCQ). The second stage employed Delphi methodology. A series of iterative questionnaires explored the original questions about congruence of beliefs, perceived impact of disagreement and suggestions for action. As additional information emerging from each Delphi round the analysis employed firstly a constructivist framework and ultimately explored the usefulness ofreframing chronic pain within a CAS framework. Findings: The participants in this study had very little inter and intra-group congruence of beliefs. While service users believed that their decision-making was influenced by four domains of the Chapman's Consciousness model (coherence, purposiveness, affect and self-image) as derived from constructivist theory, service providers stated that affect and self-image were not strong influences. Participants agreed that some action should be taken when there is disagreement about important treatments and the overwhelming majority of recommendations focused on actions the service providers should take. Very few recommendations were made of actions for the service users. Participants' responses in Delphi 3 indicated that chronic pain had a number of elements consistent with a CAS but that more linear and conflicting beliefs were also strong. Discussion and Conclusions: A constructivist perspective in itself proved insufficient to explore chronic pain's resistance to change and the implications of this for intervention. By applying CAS theory to the three key features that emerged from Delphi 1 and 2 (incongruent beliefs, differential access to information and paradoxical beliefs and behaviours) the phenomenon of chronicity was reframed. Interventions, based on complexity science principles, can effect change in the highly interactive systems that constitute the chronic pain experience. A complexity science paradigm can serve as a meta-framework, integrating the currently competing theoretical models employed in chronic pain. The NHS Modernisation Agency, and other researchers and theorists, have provided complexity science based policy statements and recommendations for affecting change in a range of healthcare settings. These can be examined for patterns and examples of how dissent and conflict can be a positive generative force for change. Examples and patterns in turn, can form templates to guide reframing the practice and operating paradigm for chronic pain service delivery.

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Grunkraut, Alessandra Sendyk. "Avaliação radiográfica e tomográfica da articulação umerorradioulnar em cães." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10137/tde-10112014-142937/.

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A displasia do cotovelo é considerada uma disfunção ou má formação da articulação umerorradioulnar com causas multifatoriais, é a causa mais comum de claudicação de membros torácicos em cães jovens e acomete principalmente cães de raças grandes e gigantes. As alterações da displasia do cotovelo incluem não união do processo ancôneo, fragmentação do processo coronóide medial, osteocondrose da tróclea umeral, incongruência articular e doença articular degenerativa. Esse estudo teve como objetivo apresentar de forma detalhada dados morfológicos e morfométricos da articulação umerorradioulnar de cães de raça definida avaliados por meio de exames clínicos, radiográficos e tomográficos. A amostra de cães dessa pesquisa constituiu-se de 44 cotovelos de cães com idades variadas. Realizou-se a comparação do desempenho de diferentes projeções radiográficas individualmente e sua análise comparativa com o exame tomográfico, mensuração da incongruência radioulnar ao exame tomográfico e posterior comparação à análise qualitativa ao exame radiográfico, cálculo do ângulo da incisura ulnar e sua comparação entre exames radiográfico e tomográfico e verificação da concordância entre avaliadores para as diferentes mensurações realizadas nos exames radiográfico e tomográfico. Para análise dessas informações, o coeficiente kappa, correlação interclasse e testes Fischer e McNemar foram realizados. Constatou-se que o desempenho individual de cada projeção radiográfica teve pobre concordância com o exame tomográfico sugerindo-se a realização de mais de duas projeções radiográficas; não houve concordância entre os três observadores para as mensurações do ângulo da incisura ulnar ao exame radiográfico e tomográfico. Porém houve boa/moderada concordância para mensuração da incongruência radioulnar no plano sagital entre os observadores. Concluiu-se que nenhuma das cinco incidências radiográficas foi superior à outras para análise radiográfica, uma vez que cada projeção apresentou melhor identificação de um compartimento do cotovelo; medidas ao exame tomográfico para incongruência radioulnar não apresentam reprodutibilidade no corte dorsal, no corte sagital apresentaram boa e moderada concordância entre os observadores e que a mensuração do ângulo da incisura ulnar não apresentou repetibilidade ao exame radiográfico e reprodutibilidade ao exame tomográfico.
Elbow dysplasia is considered a dysfunction or malformation of the elbow joint with multifactorial causes and is the most common cause of thoracic limb lameness in young dogs and mainly affecting large and giant breeds. Elbow dysplasia disease include ununited anconeal process, fragmented medial coronoid process, osteochondrosis of humeral trochlea, articular incongruity and degenerative joint disease. The aim of this study was to present detailed morphologic and morphometric aspects of the elbow joint in Labrador retriever and Australian shepherd dog in clinical and correlate with radiographic and tomographic (CT) exam. Interobserver variation for articular incongruity measurements by CT, comparative analysis in the radiographic exam, angle in ulnar notch and its comparative analysis between radiographic and tomographic agreement examination in 44 elbow of dogs with different ages were evaluated. The statistics analyses included the kappa coefficient and interclass correlation and Fischers test and McNemars test. It was evidenced that individual performance of each radiographic incidence had poor agreement with the tomographic exam, suggesting that the accomplishment of more than two radiograph views are needed. There was no agreement between the three evaluators in the ulnar notch angle at radiographic and tomographic exams. However, there was good/moderate agreement for articular incongruity measurement in the sagittal plane between evaluators. It was possible to conclude that none of the five radiographic incidences was better than the others for radiographic analysis because each incidence had a better identification of a particular elbow compartment; measurements at the tomographic exam to evaluate radioulnar incongruity had no reproductiveness in the dorsal plane, but in sagittal plan had a good/moderate agreement between observers and the angle in ulnar notch presented no repeatability at radiographic exam and no reproductiveness at tomographic exam.

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Remal, Puigmal Sylvie. "Approche morphologique et moléculaire du genre Verbascum L." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3665/.

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Avec plus de 360 espèces, Verbascum L. Est le deuxième genre le plus riche de la famille des Scrophulariaceae. Les espèces de ce genre typique des régions steppiques sont majoritairement réparties autour du basin méditerranéen et plus particulièrement en Turquie où l'on compte 234 espèces dont 80% sont endémiques. Ce genre présente un grand degré de diversité morphologique et le phénomène d'hybridation naturelle très commun entre ses différentes espèces, peut être considéré comme une source de complexité taxonomique. Afin d'étudier les relations phylogénétiques au sein de ce genre, des analyses phylogénétiques en parcimonie et inférence bayésienne ont été réalisées en utilisant quatre marqueurs chloroplastiques trnL-trnF, trnS-trnG, matK et trnH-psbA et un marqueur nucléaire ITS. Nos analyses ont permis de confirmer la monophylie du genre ainsi que l'inclusion des espèces ne possédant que quatre étamines anciennement regroupées dans le genre Celsia L. Et de résoudre quelques liens de parenté entre les espèces. Une matrice des caractères morphologiques classiquement utilisés en taxonomie du genre a aussi été élaborée et confrontée aux phylogénies moléculaires. La majorité des caractères testés se sont avérés avoir subis plusieurs changements répétés et indépendants au cours de l'évolution, ce qui explique la complexité d'élaborer une classification naturelle du genre. L'homoplasie des caractères morphologiques observée peut être expliquée par l'évolution réticulée, aussi suggérée par les cas d'incongruence observés entre les topologies issues des données chloroplastiques et nucléaire. Nos analyses ont mis en évidence des cas d'hybridation récents mais aussi plus anciens avec introgression entre les espèces du genre Verbascum. L'évolution réticulée observée chez ce genre semble avoir joué un rôle majeur dans la formation de ses espèces. Ce patron d'évolution, comme réponse adaptative à un environnement particulier, suggère une origine récente du genre Verbascum L
With more than 360 species, Verbascum is the second most specific-rich genus in Scrophulariaceae family. Species from this typical genus of steppic and Mediterranean vegetations are distributed around Mediterranean Sea and more particularly in Turkey, where 234 species are listed with 80% being endemic. This genus displays a high degree of morphological diversity and natural hybridization which is very common in this genus can be considered as a source of taxonomic complexity. In order to study phylogenetic within this genus maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses were performed using four molecular markers from the chloroplast (trnL-trnF, trnS-trnG, matK and trnH-psbA) and one marker from the nucleus (ITS). Our analyses have permitted to confirm the monophyly of the genus and its synonymy with genus Celsia L. And also to resolve some phylogenetic relationships between species. A matrix with morphological characters traditionally used in Verbascum taxonomy was built and confronted to molecular phylogenies. The majority of these characters have shown to have undergone several independent and repeated changes, which explain the complexity to construct a natural classification of the genus. Such homoplasy of morphological characters can be explained by reticulate evolution in the genus, which is also suggested by incongruence found between topologies inferred by plastid and nuclear DNA data. The observed incongruence between both datasets have permitted to highlight cases of recent hybridization among Verbascum species but also more ancient hybridization with introgression were detected. Reticulate evolution observed in this genus seems to have played an important role in formation of its species. Such evolutionary pattern, as an adaptive response to a particular environment, suggests a recent origin of Verbascum L.

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Chat, Joelle Catherine. "Transmission des génomes cytoplasmiques et phylogénie moléculaire chez Actinidia." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAP0006.

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Grafanaki, Sotiria. "Client and counsellor experiences of therapy interaction during moments of congruence and incongruence : analysis of significant events in counselling/psychotherapy." Thesis, Keele University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482061.

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Ruhl, Jack Michael. "An empirical study of the effects of incongruence within a firm's financial planning and control system on managers' project selections." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1055339828.

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Chan, Xinni. "Survival Processing Effect on Memory for Social Information." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1490710246565186.

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Fridjonsson, Sylvia, and Emma Mersmann. "Make It 'til You Break It : - A Study of If and How Country-of-Origin Incongruence Affects Consumer-Based Brand Equity." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-144913.

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As companies are focused on and capable of creating brand images aimed at supporting their brands, some choose to strategically associate them with specific countries or regions in hopes of attaining perceivably higher consumer-based brand equity. Although such a strategy could prove itself effective in the sense of increasing the amount of positive consumer perceptions, it might also result in harmful effects if the marketed country-of-brand origin is not in congruence with the brand‟s other country-of-origin constructs. With regards to what theory implies and what this study‟s results suggest, this thesis analyzes the effects of country-of-origin incongruence on consumer-based brand equity in the case of Lexington. What this thesis uncovers is that the country-of-origin incongruence of Lexington does not, contrary to theory, have negative consequences on its consumer-based brand equity. Yet, what is suggested is that further research should focus on whether these results are simply restricted to this study‟s exact settings or would be attained even in another setting in which consumer ethnocentrism would not play a significant role.

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Mabon, Simon Paul. "The impact of identity incongruence upon regional security : an analysis of bi-lateral competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia post 1979." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574520.

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Despite the apparent resilience of the state as the primary actor across the Middle East myriad competing identities exist at the state, sub-state and trans- state levels that are often in direct competition with each other. The interaction of these identities can perhaps best be seen in the Gulf region and in particular, in relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia, where strong ethno-national and religious identities reside, often engaged in zero-sum competition with each other. Indeed, within both Iran and Saudi Arabia there exists incongruence between national, religious, and ethno-tribal identities. These identities threaten the ideological and territorial integrity of the regimes in question, while also challenging the legitimacy of ruling elites. This thesis considers the impact of this identity incongruence upon the bi-Iateral relationship between Iran and Saudi Arabia post 1979, focussing upon competition within ideological and geopolitical spheres. Given the threats to ideological and territorial integrity of the state, identity incongruence can be understood as an internal security dilemma. The thesis argues that attempts to manage internal security dilemmas manifest themsevles inan external security dilemma. The relationship between internal and external security is referred to here as the Incongruence Dilemma. The Incongruence Dilemma builds upon a Classical Realist position, but by giving credence to identity and internal dynamics it challenges several of the assumptions held by Realists. The move from internal security dilemmas to external security dilemmas occurs as ruling elites seek to remove the threat posed by internal security dilemmas by referring to rhetoric and narratives of a nationalist and religious nature. The history of the Persian Gulf contains a record of conquest by both Arab and Persian armies, along with a legacy of intra-Islamic competition, which engendered a shared normative environment. Thus, in attempting to resolve internal security dilemmas through the use of religious and nationalist rhetoric, the state becomes embroiled in an external security dilemma fuelled by ideology. As such, in order to fully understand the bi-Iateral relationship between Iran and Saudi Arabia, one must examine the internal dynamics of each state. iv

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Paviera, Carmelo. "Three studies on institutional entrepreneurship in the informal economy : a grounded theory approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31448.

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The informal economy represents a large segment of the economic activities in emerging economies but still remains a puzzling phenomenon. In particular, research emphasising the organising processes of firms within the informal economy is scant. Weak formal institutions, conflicting institutional centres and large levels of economic inequality contribute to the development of informal entrepreneurship in emerging economies. Yet, an understanding of the links between institutional incongruence and economic exclusion as facilitating mechanisms of informal entrepreneurship remains limited. Furthermore, it is unknown how hybrid organisations, combining institutional logics, emerge and function within the informal economy. Despite a large number of empirical and theoretical studies, there is a lack of understanding about the interplay between the institutional dynamics and the creation of informal institutions developed by informal entrepreneurs. To enhance the understanding of informal entrepreneurship, this PhD thesis explores how institutional entrepreneurs embedded in the informal economy respond to economic inequality. This grounded theory study, based on interviews and participant observations conducted at La Salada, South America's largest black market, conceptualises how institutional entrepreneurs exploit the illegitimacy of formal labour institutions to generate institutional change. This qualitative study has followed a constructivist grounded theory design based on simultaneous data collection and analysis and making systematic comparisons throughout inquiry. In line with grounded theory guidelines, the researcher identified emerging first-order categories and looked-for relations between them, in order to move to a higher level of theoretical abstraction with the aim of generating new theory. The researcher conducted 75 in-depth interviews and semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, and made use of archival documents. The thesis is organised as three empirical studies which can be read independently, but together constitute an in-depth study of institutional entrepreneurship in the informal economy. The thesis's theoretical contributions to the field are as follows. The first study reveals the conditions that generated institutional change in the apparel value chain in response to prevailing conditions that were leading to increasing economic inequality. It presents a model that focuses on three social mechanisms which allow institutional entrepreneurs to build new institutions that were inclusive for large segments of society excluded by the formal sector. The second study explores the emergence of new forms of hybrid organisation in the informal economy. Particularly, it focuses on how informal entrepreneurs organisationally respond to institutional complexity by identifying two types of logic - community and market - and a meta-mechanism that facilitates the interaction between the two logics, named normalisation of deviant organisational practices. The study highlights the two key generative mechanisms of the logics at play and suggests that actors embedded in the informal economy are able to dynamically adapt to two types of logic. It also emphasises how informal entrepreneurs exploit institutional arbitrage, which refers to the circumstances where entrepreneurs are provided with opportunities to exploit differences between two dimensions of the institutional environment, formality and informality. The third study explores how various types of actors and organisations such as social movements or hybrid organisations are able to develop alternative institutional arrangements to overcome the liabilities of emerging economies' institutions in an informal context. The study reveals that informal entrepreneurs entering a polycentric system are able to establish norms and rules of interaction, to exploit brokerage opportunities and multivocality between contradictory networks, and through robust action, generate proto-institutional outcomes. Collectively, these three essays reveal novel knowledge about the organisational mechanisms behind informal economic activities, constituting a theoretical bridge between the fields of institutional theory, inequality and governance and providing fundamental insights for the development of new management theories.

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Verlaguet, Anne. "Fluides métamorphiques et transfert de matière : approche expérimentale et étude des veines de haute pression-basse température de Vanoise." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112152.

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Lors de l'orogenèse, les réactions métamorphiques de déshydratation produisent d'importantes quantités de fluide aqueux dont les veines métamorphiques sont les témoins. Deux questions majeures se posent : (1) les veines métamorphiques sont-elles le résultat de circulations de fluide en système ouvert ou d'interactions locales fluide-roche en système fermé ? (2) L'Al, élément majeur peu soluble, est-il de ce fait immobile dans les roches ? Nous avons couplé une étude pétrologique des métabauxites karstiques de Vanoise et une étude expérimentale (système double capsule) associée à la modélisation thermochimique des équilibres fluide-minéraux. Les expériences montrent que l'Al est mobile dans les processus métamorphiques, préférentiellement transféré vers les phases néoformées du fait de sa faible solubilité. La cristallisation de phases alumineuses en réponse aux fluctuations des conditions du milieu (e. G. , P, T, contrainte) est cependant insuffisante pour expliquer l'abondance des cristallisations des veines. En Vanoise, les différentes générations de veines sont le résultat d'interactions en système fermé entre la roche et le fluide produit lors des réactions de déshydratation (13-16 % du volume de la roche) et n'impliquent pas la circulation de fluide externe. Parfois, les minéraux correspondent aux produits de réactions métamorphiques. Les mécanismes de pression-dissolution dans les zones sous contrainte peuvent entraîner la dissolution préférentielle des minéraux de plus fort volume molaire dans la matrice. La nature des sites de nucléation et les énergies d'interfaces fluide-minéraux sont des moteurs potentiels du transfert sélectif des minéraux vers les veines
During orogenesis, large quantities of aqueous fluid are produced by dehydration metamorphic reactions. Metamorphic veins can be considered as traces of this fluid in rocks. Two major questions arise: (1) are metamorphic veins the result of external fluid circulations in open systems, or resulting from local interaction between the rock and the dehydrating fluid in a closed system? (2) Is Al an immobile element because of its low solubility? We realized both a petrologic study of karstic metabauxites from Vanoise (French Alps) and an experimental study (tube-in-tube setup) coupled to thermochemical modeling of fluid-mineral interactions. Experiments show that Al is a mobile element in metamorphic processes, and is preferentially transferred to secondary phases due to its low solubility. However, the amount of Al-rich phases precipitated in response to P, T or stress fluctuations is insufficient to explain the abundant crystallizations observed in veins. In Vanoise, several generations of veins are observed: they result from closed system interactions between the rock and the fluid produced along dehydration reactions (13-16 % of rock volume) and do not require external fluid circulations. Some vein crystallizations correspond to the products of metamorphic reactions. Pressure-solution mechanisms in high-stress zones can drive preferential dissolution of minerals with high molar volume. The nature of nucleation sites and the energies of fluid-mineral interfaces can potentially drive selective mineral transfer towards veins

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Fox, Joseph C. "Evangelical students in American higher education." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002597.

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Bath, Antonella. "The relationship between person-environment congruence and fundamental goals for African American and European American, female college students." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1056649233.

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Clark, Rowan Elizabeth. "Structural studies of salt hydrates for heat-storage applications." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31333.

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Salt hydrates have the potential to be used in heat storage as both phase-change materials (PCMs) and thermochemical materials (TCMs). These materials offer advantages over traditional heat storage methods due to their high energy densities. However, both domestic and industrial applications require thousands of thermal cycles and there are often many issues that need to be overcome before these materials can be used reliably for heat storage. One of the major issues with using salt hydrates as PCMs is incongruency - the formation of anhydrous phases during melting. In this research, the mechanisms of the action of polymers to prevent incongruency in sodium acetate trihydrate have been investigated. A new polymorph of anhydrous sodium acetate, Form IV, was obtained in the presence of the polymer. This polymorph crystallises as long, blade-shaped crystals, thereby increasing the surface area to volume ratio. Indexing of the crystal faces revealed that every face had Na+ or the oxygen atoms of the acetate ion near or on the surface, as opposed to hydrophobic methyl groups found on the faces of the anhydrous salt grown without polymer. These two factors are believed to significantly increase the dissolution kinetics. This technique has the potential to be used for screening polymers to reformulate other salt hydrates that display incongruent behaviour. Eutectic compositions of NaCl and KCl with strontium hydroxide octahydrate were investigated as a potential means to prevent the incongruency of this PCM. However, degradation was observed with thermal cycling. Variable temperature PXRD studies discovered a new Sr(OH)2 hydrate when heating above 75 °C - Sr(OH)2. ⅓H2O. The recrystallisation of the octahydrate from the new phase was slow with incomplete conversion, explaining the degradation with continuous cycling. The effect of addition of NaCl and KCl to congruent barium hydroxide octahydrate was also investigated. On heating, a phase transition was observed, but the samples remained solid. Variable temperature PXRD investigations discovered that this was due to the formation of the salt hydrate, Ba(OH)Cl.2H2O. This hydrate melted at 110 °C, showing its potential as a high temperature PCM. The dehydration pathways of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate were investigated. In-situ PXRD studies showed that changing the heating rate changed the intermediates present during the dehydration. The fast dehydration rate saw both the known phases of trihydrate and 2.5 hydrate form as the dehydration product of the tetrahydrate. These both then dehydrated to the known dihydrate. This differed when the slower heating rate was used, as the trihydrate was the only product of dehydration from the tetrahydrate. The trihydrate then proceeded to dehydrate to a new phase. This was found to be a new polymorph of the dihydrate, β-MgSO4.2H2O. Dehydration of MgSO4.7H2O with 50 mol% NaCl was also performed. Loeweite, Na12Mg7(SO4)13.15H2O, a dication sulfate hydrate, was formed as the major intermediate. This mixture showed advantages over the pure MgSO4.7H2O as dehydration to the monohydrate took less time and occurred at a lower temperature. There were also three fewer intermediate phases before dehydration to the monohydrate. Suspension and encapsulation materials were used in order to overcome the major issue of agglomeration with magnesium sulfate. Liquid water was ruled out as a viable hydration medium. Apparatus was developed to test humidity cycling, which allowed the effects of dehydration time and temperature to be investigated, as well testing a range of different formulations.

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Bropleh, Minger. "Incongruent Premodern and Modern Beauty Ideals: A Case Study of South Korea and India's Reconciliation of Current Beauty Trends With Foundational Religious Ideals." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/810.

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This thesis is an in-depth analysis of beauty ideals in South Korea and India. These two countries have recently turned to skin lightening and cosmetic surgery in order to achieve their new beauty standards. Not only do these two countries share a propensity for those two trends, but they also have an overwhelming majority of the population that identifies with a specific religion; Hinduism in the case of India and Confucianism in the case of South Korea. However, it is not clear that the current beauty ideal in each country aligns with the beauty ideal set out in the respective foundational religion.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Incongruenza'

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