Relevant bibliographies by topics / Incomplete sentences

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Incomplete sentences'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Incomplete sentences"

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Z. U., Usmanova. "Classification of Incomplete Sentences of the Russian Language." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 2140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39733.

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Annotation: In the Russian language, there are different principles for the classification of sentences, and one of them is according to the completeness and incompleteness of a given syntactic unit. What exactly this means is explained at the lessons of the Russian language. This topic is very important for understanding the principles of writing sentences and syntax in general. Keywords: sentences, syntactics, grammar, semantics, complete sentence, incomplete sentence, structural features, meaning.
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Son, Minjung, Seung-Ha Oh, Jeong-Sug Kyong, and Jee Eun Sung. "Effects of Working Memory Capacity and Noise Placement on Passive Sentence Processing in Elderly Adults: An Eye-Tracking Study." Communication Sciences & Disorders 27, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12963/csd.21796.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of working-memory (WM) capacity on age-related changes in abilities to comprehend incomplete passive sentences using eye tracking.Methods: A total of 45 individuals participated in the study. The incomplete sentences were made by replacing dative case makers or verbs with white noise. A composite measure of WM scores was used as an index of WM capacity.Results: The elderly group and the lower WM group showed worse performance in accuracy and response time under the both noise conditions. All groups showed worse performance under the verb noise conditions in accuracy and response time. In accuracy, a two-way interaction between the age groups and the WM groups was significant. There was a correlation between the noise locations and the age groups in response time. In target advantage ratio (TA), there was a correlation between the regions and the age groups under the both conditions. Moreover, the main effect of the region was significant under the verb noise.Conclusion: Ageing reduces the ability of sentence processing and the sentences without verbs were more difficult to process for all groups. Also, the WM capacity can affect sentence processing and the affect increases with ageing. TA results showed that elderly adults use an inefficient strategy when dealing with incomplete passive-sentences, affected by reduced cognitive function due to ageing. Also, TA results suggested that WM capacity plays different roles in online and offline sentence processing.
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Umida Burieva, Nilufar Sadullaeva,. "THE PECULIARITIES OF INCOMPLETE SENTENCES IN MODERN ENGLISH." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 2860–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1178.

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The issue of incomplete sentences has been long attracted more scientists. There were no special works devoted to incomplete sentences. The main significant research of this matter were the thesis of A.N.Nazarov and the work of I.A.Popova. I.A.Popova, at the conclusion of her work, comes to the pessimistic conclusion that it is impossible to give a satisfactory definition of incomplete sentences based on a grammatical structure, as well as the impossibility of putting forward clear criteria for dividing sentences into complete and incomplete[1].This conclusion largely depended on the fact that the definition of incompleteness for a long time was based not on structural-grammatical, but on semantic features. So A.N.Nazarov believed that semantic incompleteness allows defining incomplete sentences and their criteria. Since these conclusions were made, the issue of incomplete sentences and many other problems related to it were investigated thoroughly. Nevertheless, many questions of the theory of incomplete sentences still remain unresolved, their structure and peculiarities, also the relationship between various linguistic factors have not been completely clarified.
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Engel, Dulcie M. "A minor issue?" Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 32, no. 1 (June 25, 2009): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.32.1.02eng.

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‘Minor sentences’ is one of the many terms used in the literature to refer to a phenomenon usually relegated to an obscure paragraph of the grammar book, or treated principally as a spoken discourse feature. These forms are also referred to as sentence fragments, incomplete sentences, verbless sentences, and nominal sentences, to name but a few of the terms found. Despite the marginal status attributed to the forms, more detailed study is warranted. Minor sentences occur frequently in the written language, and perform important communicative functions in a range of contexts. The term is used to refer to apparently complete phrases which do not conform to canonical sentence structure. Typically, they lack a subject noun phrase, or a finite verb, i.e. one of the two ‘essential’ elements of the sentence. In this paper, we begin with an overview of English and French grammar book and discourse analysis approaches. We then discuss previous studies of minor sentence contexts, French recipes and newspaper headlines, before turning to a corpus consisting of public signs and notices, headlines, advertising slogans, and crossword clues, in an effort to determine whether certain minor sentence types can be associated with particular (written) discourse functions.
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Nurminto, Toto, and Afnita Afnita. "KEEFEKTIFAN KALIMAT DALAM TEKS EKSPOSISI SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 1 TANJUNG RAYA." Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia 8, no. 3 (February 19, 2020): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/108231-019883.

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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is threefold, namely (1) the effectiveness of the sentence in the exposition essay of VIII grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Tanjung Raya in terms of sentence structure, (2) choice of words, and (3) spelling use. The type of research used is qualitative research using descriptive methods. Data of research is the results of identification of sentence ineffectiveness used in essays of exposition and sourced from the object of research. The technique of validating the data used is the thick description technique. Data were analyzed using simple statistical descriptive techniques and qualitative analysis using formats. Of 264 sentences used as research data, there were 47 effective sentences and 199 sentences were not effective. This means that there is still a lack of understanding of VII grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Tanjung Raya about effective sentences in exposition essays. The ineffectiveness of these 46 sentences is because they do not meet one or more of the indicators used in this study. Second, 42 sentences are not effective in terms of sentence structure. this is because one element is incomplete. Third, 125 sentences are not effective in terms of the use of word choices. This is due to inappropriate choice of words. Fourth, 97 sentences are not effective in terms of spelling usage. 48 sentences on the inaccuracy of the use of capital letters, 5 sentences on the inaccuracy of the use of dots, and 44 sentences on the inaccuracy of using commas. Kata kunci: Keefektifan, Kalimat, Teks Eksposisi
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Dea, Ellisa Ivana, I. Wayan Pastika, and Ni Putu N. Widarsini. "Analisis Kalimat Dalam Siniar Spotify Merry Riana Periode Oktober-November 2019." Stilistika : Journal of Indonesian Language and Literature 1, no. 1 (October 17, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/stil.2021.v01.i01.p06.

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The topic of this article is "Sentence analysis in Merry Riana's Spotify broadcast for the period October-November 2019". As the background of this study is that, in the 41 broadcast episodes chosen, Merry uses modern Indonesian, making it easier for the researchers to review when this analysis is carried out. Second, research on Merry Riana's spotify siniar with sentense structure has never been done. Third, this study may be motivating and increasing researchers' insight. In this study, two research questions were raised, namely what types of sentences are contained in Merry Riana's spotify podcast and how is the structure of the sentence function filler in Merry Riana's spotify podcast. The purpose of this study is to find out the types of sentences contained in Merry Riana's spotify podcast and to find out how the structure of the filler function is. Qualitative and quantitative descriptive study which is presented in the form of data excerpts containing sentences and table of data percentage. In the data collection method, observation supported by listening technique followed by note-taking techniques were applied. The results of this research data analysis are presented in formal and informal methods. The results of this study obtained eight types of sentences, namely single sentences, compound sentences, declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences, exclamative sentences, complete sentences, and incomplete sentences. In this study, it is also found 23 variations of syntactic functions consisting of seven variations of single sentences and 16 variations of compound sentences.
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Jannah, Azka Nidaul, and Khaerunnisa Khaerunnisa. "Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa (Tulis) Pemelajar BIPA Level 7 dalam Pembuatan Karya Ilmiah." MARDIBASA: Jurnal Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 2, no. 2 (December 24, 2022): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/jpbsi.2022.2.2.134-142.

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This study aims to describe written language errors of level 7 BIPA students in writing scientific papers, including errors in (1) conjunctions, (2) capital letters, (3) puntuations, and (4) sentences structure. The data used in this study were three BIPA level 7 scientific papers. The method used was descriptive-qualitative. Data analysis was carried out by (1) note things that are aspects of language errors, (2) classify language errors into certain groups, and (3) describe those language errors. The result of the study show that in the scientific papers of BIPA level 7 students there are still many errors, including errors in using conjunctions at the beginning of sentences, inaccuracies in the use of capital letters which are often placed in the middle of sentences, inaccuracies in the use of comma and full stop punctuation, and sentence ineffectiveness triggered by structural interference sentences in foreign languages, redudant words, and incomplete sentence patterns.
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Eskandari, Mahnush. "Classi cation of incomplete Persian sentences with ellipsis." Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University, no. 1 (2022): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/1994-2796-2022-10103.

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Saito, Natsuki, and Takahiro Kamai. "Speech synthesis system for naturally reading incomplete sentences." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 6 (2009): 4108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3155495.

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Pandeangan, Marwan, Jangkontua Siburian, Livia Olga Indah Sari, and Novita Sari. "ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA INDONESIA DI SEKOLAH DASAR." SCHOOL EDUCATION JOURNAL PGSD FIP UNIMED 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/sejpgsd.v10i2.18801.

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This study aims to describe the mistakes in Indonesian language made by students in elementary schools in general. The focus of the study was conducted on language errors in writing skills in elementary school. This type of research is descriptive research. The data source in this research is searching relevant journals. The analysis technique used in analyzing language errors is qualitative data analysis techniques. The results showed that there were student errors in writing including: spelling mistakes (errors in writing basic words, mistakes in using capital letters, mistakes in writing prefixes, mistakes in writing prepositions, mistakes in abbreviated writing, and errors in punctuation), errors in word selection (use of words speech), and mistakes in sentence construction (incomplete sentences, ineffective sentences, and sentences containing interference). Thus, students 'mistakes in writing must be minimized as an effort to improve students' writing skills in elementary school.Keywords: Language errors, spelling, word selection, sentence organization
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Incomplete sentences"

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Ido, Shinji Ido. "Towards an Alternative Description of Incomplete Sentences in Agglutinative Languages." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/841.

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This thesis analyses 'incomplete sentences' in languages which utilise distinctively agglutinative components in their morphology. In the grammars of the languages dealt with in this thesis, there are certain types of sentences which are variously referred to as 'elliptical sentences' (Turkish eksiltili cümleler), 'incomplete sentences' (Uzbek to'liqsiz gaplar), 'cut-off sentences' (Turkish kesik cümleler), etc., for which the grammarians provide elaborated semantic and syntactic analyses. The current work attempts to present an alternative approach for the analysis of such sentences. The distribution of morphemes in incomplete sentences is examined closely, based on which a system of analysis that can handle a variety of incomplete sentences in an integrated manner is proposed from a morphological point of view. It aims to aid grammarians as well as researchers in area studies by providing a simple description of incomplete sentences in agglutinative languages. The linguistic data are taken from Turkish, Uzbek, and Japanese, with special reference to (Bukharan) Tajik.
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Ido, Shinji Ido. "Towards an Alternative Description of Incomplete Sentences in Agglutinative Languages." University of Sydney. European, Asian and Middle Eastern Languages and Studies, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/841.

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This thesis analyses 'incomplete sentences' in languages which utilise distinctively agglutinative components in their morphology. In the grammars of the languages dealt with in this thesis, there are certain types of sentences which are variously referred to as 'elliptical sentences' (Turkish eksiltili c�mleler), 'incomplete sentences' (Uzbek to'liqsiz gaplar), 'cut-off sentences' (Turkish kesik c�mleler), etc., for which the grammarians provide elaborated semantic and syntactic analyses. The current work attempts to present an alternative approach for the analysis of such sentences. The distribution of morphemes in incomplete sentences is examined closely, based on which a system of analysis that can handle a variety of incomplete sentences in an integrated manner is proposed from a morphological point of view. It aims to aid grammarians as well as researchers in area studies by providing a simple description of incomplete sentences in agglutinative languages. The linguistic data are taken from Turkish, Uzbek, and Japanese, with special reference to (Bukharan) Tajik.
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Buys, Ada C. "Living with a sibling with Autism/PDD Assessing the effects using play therapy methods /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10222004-100132.

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Prestes, Maria Luci de Mesquita. "Na incompletude da sintaxe, o acabamento do enunciado : estruturas frasais fragmentadas por ponto em textos publicitários." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/69840.

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O propósito principal desta pesquisa é mostrar, pelo viés da perspectiva bakhtiniana de enunciado, o uso de estruturas frasais fragmentadas em textos publicitários escritos como uma transgressão deliberada de regras de pontuação – pautadas eminentemente pela sintaxe –, constituindo-se em estratégia enunciativa cujos efeitos de sentido visam a atrair mais a atenção do interlocutor (consumidor), buscando sua adesão. Procuramos mostrar que os termos “frase” e “enunciado” são recorrentes em diversos estudos linguísticos, o que demonstra a importância que têm esses termos na metalinguagem desses estudos, embora eles sejam empregados para indicar uma diversidade de concepções. Tratamos do enunciado em uma perspectiva mais específica, a suscitada pelos pressupostos teóricos advindos de reflexões de e sobre Bakhtin. Reiterando o papel essencial que o autor atribui à entonação na construção do enunciado e considerando que, na escrita, ela está intimamente ligada à pontuação, esta é mostrada como manifestação eminentemente enunciativa, concentrando-nos no ponto, dito final. Tomando a noção bakhtiniana de gêneros como tipos relativamente estáveis de enunciados, trazemos questões decorrentes de pesquisas feitas essencialmente por estudiosos da área da publicidade, as quais procuram ilustrar aspectos relativos a textos publicitários, visando a situarmo-nos quanto a esse gênero textual, ao qual pertencem os recortes enunciativos que são objeto de análise. Apresentamos as análises que empreendemos, considerando recortes enunciativos em que aparecem estruturas frasais fragmentadas e em que o sinal empregado é o ponto, dito final. Consideramos que o que importa em tais situações não é a fronteira gramatical, da frase, mas a do enunciado, resultante da alternância entre os interlocutores. Levamos em conta a entonação como expressão de atitude do locutor para com o objeto da enunciação. Em todos os textos que analisamos, percebe-se claramente o acabamento específico do enunciado: os enunciadores escreveram tudo o que queriam dizer em cada situação, de modo a alcançarem uma atitude responsiva ativa de seus interlocutores.
The main purpose of this research is to show, from Bakhtin's perspective of the utterance, that the use of fragmented sentence structures in advertising texts can work out as a sort of deliberate transgression against punctuation rules – as these are eminently set by syntax –, thus constituting an utterance-making strategy whose effects in terms of meaning will aim at increasing the consumer's attention in order to win him or her over to what is being offered. Terms such as “sentence” and “utterance” are showed to have been used in various linguistic studies, which demonstrates the metalinguistic importance that those terms have for these studies, although they have quite often indicated a diversity of conceptions. Here, we have attempted to pinpoint the utterance in a much more specific perspective, such as this concept is found in works of and about Mikhail Bakhtin. By reiterating the essential role that Bakhtin ascribes to the intonation in the construction of the utterance, and by considering that, in written form, intonation can intimately be linked to punctuation, we have showed that punctuation (and mostly the “full stop”, on which we have focused) can be said to be an eminent uttering manifestation. From Bakhtin's understanding of genres as types of relatively stable utterances, we have brought into consideration some issues which essentially come from researches done on publicity and which try to illustrate aspects of texts used in advertising. Our attempt has thus been to have a clear vision of that textual genre, since the examples under our analysis here should all belong to it. Utterances are then analysed in which fragmented sentential structures are rounded off by a full stop. We believe now to be in such a position to demonstrate that what is most relevant in terms of communication is not so much the grammatical frontier, i.e. the sentence, but rather the utterance boundaries, which will come into play as a result of the alternation of turns between interlocutors. Intonation has also been taken into account, as it expresses the speaker's attitude towards the object of the utterance. In all the texts we have analysed, the specific finalisation of the utterance is clearly identifiable: in each and every situation, the enunciators have written all they wanted to say in order to obtain a responsive attitude from those who their utterances were intended to reach.
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Books on the topic "Incomplete sentences"

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Agglutinative information: A study of Turkish incomplete sentences. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2003.

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The Powermind system: Twelve lessons on the psychology of success. Edina, MN: Kiefer Enterprizes, International Press Division, 1995.

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Richardson, Nicole, Katherine Jones, and David Jones. Incomplete Sentences. Independently Published, 2018.

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Gertner, Nancy. Incomplete Sentences. Beacon Press, 2079.

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Kiefer, Michael Monroe. The Powermind System: Inspirational Highlights. Powermind Systems, 1995.

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An incomplete sentence: The cinema of dharmasena pathiraja. Boralesgamuwa: Network for the Promotion of Asian Cinema (NETPAC), 2009.

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van Craenenbroeck, Jeroen, and Tanja Temmerman, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Ellipsis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198712398.001.0001.

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This handbook is the first volume to provide a comprehensive, in-depth, and balanced discussion of ellipsis phenomena, whereby a perceived interpretation is fuller than would be expected based solely on the presence of linguistic forms. Natural language abounds in these apparently incomplete expressions, such as I laughed but Ed didn’t, in which the final portion of the sentence, the verb ‘laugh’, remains unpronounced but is still understood. The range of phenomena involved raise general and fundamental questions about the workings of grammar, but also constitute a treasure trove of fine-grained points of inter- and intralinguistic variation. The volume is divided into four parts. In the first, the authors examine the role that ellipsis plays and how it is analyzed in different theoretical frameworks and linguistic subdisciplines, such as HPSG, construction grammar, inquisitive semantics, and computational linguistics. Chapters in the second part highlight the usefulness of ellipsis as a diagnostic tool for other linguistic phenomena including movement and islands and codeswitching, while Part III focuses instead on the types of elliptical constructions found in natural language, such as sluicing, gapping, and null complement anaphora. Finally, the last part of the book contains case studies that investigate elliptical phenomena in a wide variety of languages, including Dutch, Japanese, Persian, and Finnish Sign Language.
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Book chapters on the topic "Incomplete sentences"

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Harrison, Mark, Vanessa Jakeman, and Ken Paterson. "Incomplete sentences." In Improve Your Grammar, 70–71. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-27240-9_36.

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Harrison, Mark, Vanessa Jakeman, and Ken Paterson. "Incomplete sentences." In Improve Your Grammar, 72–73. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-39030-1_36.

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Vilares, Manuel, Victor M. Darriba, and Jesús Vilares. "Parsing Incomplete Sentences Revisited." In Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, 102–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24630-5_13.

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Dakukina, Tatiana A., and Alexey V. Balastov. "Complex-Incomplete and Elliptical Foreign Language Sentences Translation Training of Original Non-literary Texts by Technical University Students." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 134–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67843-6_17.

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Heng, Fatin Nabila Rafei, Mustafa Mat Deris, and Nurlida Basir. "A Similarity Precision for Selecting Ontology Component in an Incomplete Sentence." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 95–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72550-5_10.

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Yachia, Daniel. "Learning from Our Mistakes: Applying Vascular Stent Technologies to the Urinary Tract." In Urinary Stents, 351–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04484-7_28.

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AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to clarify certain points which are confusing many if not most of our urologist colleagues on the subject of “stents and stenting the urinary tract”. Another point of confusion in urology is the term of “chronic obstruction” describing an obstruction necessitating long-term stenting. Which stent to use? For how long? Before using a permanent stent along the urinary tract we should think hard about what may happen to a ureter or urethra implanted with a permanent metallic mesh stent. This is especially important when something goes wrong like when the stent lumen becomes obliterated by hyperplastic or malignant tissues, the stent wires fracture, or tissue coverage over the stent wires is incomplete and the resulting stone formation on the wires, ureteral or urethral perforations etc. By adopting the vascular stent technologies in urinary tract design stents, we were hoping that taking a single stent shape, changing its length and caliber they could be used all along the urinary tract. Then asking ourselves, why the results were less than what we were expecting. Here I would like to quote a sentence attributed to Albert Einstein: “Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results”.
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"Incomplete Sentences Blank." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1304. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_5370.

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"7. Incomplete Sentences in Joint Turn Construction." In Developing Interactional Competence in a Japanese Study Abroad Context, 98–113. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781783093731-008.

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Вељковић, Маја. "РУСКЕ БЕЗЛИЧНЕ РЕЧЕНИЦЕ БЕЗ ИЗРАЖЕНОГ ВРШИОЦА РАДЊЕ И МОГУЋЕ АЛТЕРНАТИВЕ У СРПСКОМ ПРЕВОДУ." In JEZIK, KNJIŽEVNOST, ALTERNATIVE/LANGUAGE, LITERATURE, ALTERNATIVES - Jezička istraživanja, 99–113. Filozofski fakultet u Nišu, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/jkaj.2022.6.

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Impersonal sentences in the Russian language can have a logical subject in their structure, most often in the dative, which does not always have to be expressed, but can be established on the basis of a broader context, which distinguishes these sentences from impersonal sentences that are not extended by the determinant. The performer in Russian impersonal sentences, except for the dative without a preposition, can be expressed by a genitive with or without a preposition, an instrumental, and there are also examples of a direct object in the accusative without a preposition. While Russian impersonal sentences without a logical subject are most often translated into impersonal sentences, for Russian impersonal sentences with a logical subject, whether expressed or not, in Serbian we usually find translation equivalents in the form of two-part personal complete or incomplete sentences. The research confirmed the existence of a certain deviation from the observed regularities: impersonal sentences as a function of Serbian translation equivalents can also appear in cases when Russian impersonal sentences are extended by a subject determinant, expressed or unspoken. These are mostly special phrases with verbs that are stylistically marked. However, even in these cases, there is often an alternative possibility of translation in the form of a subject-predicate sentence. It is assumed that it is important to make (not always) a clear distinction between Russian impersonal sentences that do not have a performer in their structure, more precisely: between sentences that are not expanded by a subject determinant and impersonal sentences that have a performer but in which it is omitted. This difference can certainly be justified by the similarity that exists between Russian impersonal sentences with the expressed and unexpressed performer, both in the structure of the sentences themselves and in their Serbian translation equivalents. Further research can show to what extent and in what way the lexical meaning of predicates and verbs can affect expressiveness or inexpressiveness, in other words: existence or nonexistence of a logical subject in Russian impersonal sentences which would certainly further clarify this important syntactic specificity and provide translators with new possibilities and alternatives for a more accurate, clearer and, of course, even better translation.
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Smullyan, Raymond M. "Rosser Systems." In Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems. Oxford University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195046724.003.0009.

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Our first proof of the incompleteness of P.A. was based on the assumption that P.A. is correct. Gödel’s proof of the last chapter was based on the metamathematically weaker assumption that P.A. is ω-consistent. Rosser [1936] subsequently showed that P.A. can be proved incomplete under the still weaker metamathematical assumption that P.A. is simply consistent! Now, Rosser did not show that the Gödel sentence G of the last chapter is undecidable on the weaker assumption of simple consistency. He constructed another sentence (a more elaborate one) which he showed undecidable on the basis of simple consistency. Our first proof of the incompleteness of P.A. boils down to finding a formula that expresses the set P̃* (or alternatively one that expresses R*). Gödel’s proof, which we gave in the last chapter, boils down to representing one of the sets P* and R* in P.A. and the only way known in Gödel’s time of doing this involved the assumption of ω-consistency. [This assumption was not needed to show that the sets P* and R* are enumerable in P.A.—it was in passing from the enumerability of these sets to their representability that ω-consistency stepped in.] Now, Rosser did not achieve incompleteness by representing either of the sets P* and R*, but rather by representing some superset of R* disjoint from P*—this can be done under the weaker assumption of simple consistency—and it also serves to establish incompleteness, as we will see. The axiom schemes Ω4 and Ω5 of the system (R) will play a key role in this and the next chapter. We shall say that a system S is an extension of Ω4 and Ω5 if all formulas of Ω4 and Ω5 are provable in S. We will prove the following theorem and its corollaries. Theorem R. Every simply consistent axiomatizable extension of Ω4 and Ω5 in which all Σ1-sets are enumerable must be incomplete. Corollary 1. Every simply consistent axiomatizable extension of Ω4 and Ω5 in which all true Σ0-sentences are provable must be incomplete. Corollary 2. Every simply consistent axiomatizable extension of the system (R) is incomplete.
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Conference papers on the topic "Incomplete sentences"

1

Lang, Bernard. "Parsing incomplete sentences." In the 12th conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/991635.991710.

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Kulaeva, Fariza. "Incomplete Sentences In German Syntax." In SCTCMG 2019 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.04.250.

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Kulaeva, Farizat. "Relatively Incomplete Sentences In German And Russian." In International Scientific Conference «Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism» dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Turkayev Hassan Vakhitovich. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.05.82.

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Chrastina, Dec. "INCOMPLETE SENTENCES TEST IN IDENTIFICATION OF IMPACT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS." In 2nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2015/b11/s2.076.

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Gaskell, Alexander, Yishu Miao, Francesca Toni, and Lucia Specia. "Logically Consistent Adversarial Attacks for Soft Theorem Provers." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/573.

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Recent efforts within the AI community have yielded impressive results towards “soft theorem proving” over natural language sentences using language models. We propose a novel, generative adversarial framework for probing and improving these models’ reasoning capabilities. Adversarial attacks in this domain suffer from the logical inconsistency problem, whereby perturbations to the input may alter the label. Our Logically consistent AdVersarial Attacker, LAVA, addresses this by combining a structured generative process with a symbolic solver, guaranteeing logical consistency. Our framework successfully generates adversarial attacks and identifies global weaknesses common across multiple target models. Our analyses reveal naive heuristics and vulnerabilities in these models’ reasoning capabilities, exposing an incomplete grasp of logical deduction under logic programs. Finally, in addition to effective probing of these models, we show that training on the generated samples improves the target model’s performance.
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Milentej, O. D. "Functional and pragmatic features of an incomplete sentence." In Scientific dialogue: Young scientist. ЦНК МОАН, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/spc-22-05-2019-17.

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Merzlyakova, Svetlana, and Marina Golubeva. "IDEAS ABOUT MARRIAGE DEPENDING ON THE STRUCTURE OF VALUABLE ORIENTATIONS OF WOMEN IN EARLY ADULTHOOD." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact049.

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"The phenomenon of marriage is one of the little-studied questions of family psychology. The resolution of the contradiction between the need of modern society to form complete and adequate ideas about the marital role among students and the need to identify socio-psychological factors that influence the development of ideas about marriage determines the problem of research. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of ideas about marriage (Ideal husband, Ideal wife) depending on the structure of valuable orientations of young women in early adulthood. Methods of research. Theoretical and methodological literature analysis, questionnaire, psycho-diagnostic methods (the questionnaire “A Value and Availability Ratio in Various Vital Spheres Technique” by E.B. Fantalova, the method of Semantic Differential, developed by Charles E. Osgood, projective technique of ""Incomplete Sentences"", the questionnaire ""Role Expectations and Claims in Marriage"" by A. N. Volkova); mathematical and statistical data processing methods. During the analytical stage we used mathematical and statistical methods that allowed us to establish the reliability of the research results. All calculations were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 computer program. The analysis included descriptive statistics, cluster analysis (K-means method), Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for one sample, Shapiro-Wilkes criterion, and correlation analysis. The study involved 310 female students in age from 20 to 22 from Astrakhan State University and the Astrakhan Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. It was found that among young female students 45 people (14.5 %) are focused on the values of professional self-realization, 59 people (19 %) are focused on gnostic and aesthetic values, and 206 people (66.5 %) are focused on the values of personal happiness. The results showed that the concepts of marriage have both common features and specific features due to the influence of the structure of valuable orientations of the respondents. Ideas about marriage are characterized by fragmentary formation of emotional and behavioral components, in some cases the presence of cognitive distortions. The obtained results actualize the importance and necessity of psychological and pedagogical support of the process of family self-determination of students, the formation of complete and adequate ideas about marriage in the conditions of the educational environment of the university."
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Nabila, N. F., Nurlida Basir, Madihah Mohd Saudi, S. A. Pitchay, Farida Ridzuan, A. Mamat, and Mustafa Mat Deris. "Using Probability Theory to Identify the Unsure Value of an Incomplete Sentence." In 2015 17th UKSim-AMSS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation (UKSim). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uksim.2015.90.

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Troughton, Mike, Malcolm Spicer, and Fredrik Hagglund. "Development of Ultrasonic Phased Array Inspection of Polyethylene Pipe Joints." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78860.

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The current practice for assuring the quality of butt fusion joints in polyethylene (PE) pipes during installation is by recording the welding parameters used, together with a visual inspection of the welded joint, supplemented by the destructive testing of welds on a sample basis using a short-term test. However, visual inspection can only examine the external surface of the pipe weld; it cannot provide evidence of embedded flaws or a weld with incomplete fusion or cold fusion. In addition, cutting a specimen from a weld for mechanical testing and then replacing it with a weld of unknown quality does not ensure the integrity of the pipeline. Volumetric non-destructive examination (NDE) will not destroy perfectly good welds and has the added environmental advantage of reduced waste. This paper describes an ongoing European-funded project to develop ultrasonic phased array techniques for the inspection of butt fusion (BF) and electrofusion (EF) joints in PE pipes of diameters between 90 and 1000mm, and to determine critical defect sizes and particulate contamination levels using accelerated long-term testing. In addition, defect recognition and automated defect sentencing software will be developed to allow the system to automatically sentence detected flaws.
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