Relevant bibliographies by topics / Incomplete approaches

Academic literature on the topic 'Incomplete approaches'

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Published: 6 July 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Incomplete approaches":

1

Ansótegui, Carlos, Felip Manyà, Jesus Ojeda, Josep M. Salvia, and Eduard Torres. "Incomplete MaxSAT approaches for combinatorial testing." Journal of Heuristics 28, no. 4 (August 2022): 377–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10732-022-09495-3.

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AbstractWe present a Satisfiability (SAT)-based approach for building Mixed Covering Arrays with Constraints of minimum length, referred to as the Covering Array Number problem. This problem is central in Combinatorial Testing for the detection of system failures. In particular, we show how to apply Maximum Satisfiability (MaxSAT) technology by describing efficient encodings for different classes of complete and incomplete MaxSAT solvers to compute optimal and suboptimal solutions, respectively. Similarly, we show how to solve through MaxSAT technology a closely related problem, the Tuple Number problem, which we extend to incorporate constraints. For this problem, we additionally provide a new MaxSAT-based incomplete algorithm. The extensive experimental evaluation we carry out on the available Mixed Covering Arrays with Constraints benchmarks and the comparison with state-of-the-art tools confirm the good performance of our approaches.
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Putnam, Michael T., and Liliana Sánchez. "What’s so incomplete about incomplete acquisition?" Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 3, no. 4 (October 11, 2013): 478–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.3.4.04put.

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Modeling the competence grammar of heritage speakers who exhibit low proficiency in their L1 represents a significant challenge for generative and experimental approaches to bilingual linguistic research. In this paper we revisit the core tenets of the incomplete acquisition hypothesis as developed in recent scholarship (in particular by Montrul (2002 et seq.) and Polinsky (1997, 2006)). Although we adopt many of these fundamental aspects of this research program, in this article we develop an alternative model that provides a more accurate depiction of the process that leads to what these scholars describe as the (later) effects of incomplete acquisition, thus improving the predictive power of this research program.
3

Erikson, Truls, and Mirjam Knockaert. "Negotiating incomplete contracts." Journal of Strategic Contracting and Negotiation 5, no. 3 (September 2021): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20555636211042093.

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When planning is possible, as in predictive environments, comprehensive contracting is not only desirable, but also useful. However, under conditions of fundamental uncertainty, as is the case in non-predictive environments, incomplete contracting approaches likely prevail. In this study, we explore how trust in such environments affects the way in which venturing professionals negotiate, and how the outcome subsequently manifests itself in the negotiated agreement. In particular, building upon a sample of Norwegian firms, we find that stewardship relationships are more prone to incomplete contracting approaches than agency relationships, paving the way for a relational approach to contracting when uncertainty is high. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Li, Zhaowen, Shimin Liao, Liangdong Qu, and Yan Song. "Attribute selection approaches for incomplete interval-value data." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 8775–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-200394.

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Attribute selection in an information system (IS) is an important issue when dealing with a large amount of data. An IS with incomplete interval-value data is called an incomplete interval-valued information system (IIVIS). This paper proposes attribute selection approaches for an IIVIS. Firstly, the similarity degree between two information values of a given attribute in an IIVIS is proposed. Then, the tolerance relation on the object set with respect to a given attribute subset is obtained. Next, θ-reduction in an IIVIS is studied. What is more, connections between the proposed reduction and information entropy are revealed. Lastly, three reduction algorithms base on θ-discernibility matrix, θ-information entropy and θ-significance in an IIVIS are given.
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Timm, Heiko, Christian Döring, and Rudolf Kruse. "Different approaches to fuzzy clustering of incomplete datasets." International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 35, no. 3 (March 2004): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2003.08.004.

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Kim, Seung-Jun, Young-hwan Lee, and Kwang Y. Lee. "Robust Subspace Approaches for Analyzing Incomplete Synchrophasor Measurements." IFAC-PapersOnLine 48, no. 30 (2015): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.12.364.

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Zou, Yan, and Zhi Xiao. "Data analysis approaches of soft sets under incomplete information." Knowledge-Based Systems 21, no. 8 (December 2008): 941–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2008.04.004.

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Sarabando, Paula, Luís C. Dias, and Rudolf Vetschera. "Mediation with Incomplete Information: Approaches to Suggest Potential Agreements." Group Decision and Negotiation 22, no. 3 (February 10, 2012): 561–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10726-012-9283-9.

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Rueda, David Rodríguez, Carlos Cotta, and Antonio J. Fernández-Leiva. "Memetic collaborative approaches for finding balanced incomplete block designs." Computers & Operations Research 114 (February 2020): 104804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2019.104804.

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Yan, Tao, and Chongzhao Han. "A Novel Approach of Rough Conditional Entropy-Based Attribute Selection for Incomplete Decision System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/728923.

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Pawlak's classical rough set theory has been applied in analyzing ordinary information systems and decision systems. However, few studies have been carried out on the attribute selection problem in incomplete decision systems because of its complexity. It is therefore necessary to investigate effective algorithms to deal with this issue. In this paper, a new rough conditional entropy-based uncertainty measure is introduced to evaluate the significance of subsets of attributes in incomplete decision systems. Furthermore, some important properties of rough conditional entropy are derived and three attribute selection approaches are constructed, including an exhaustive search strategy approach, a heuristic search strategy approach, and a probabilistic search strategy approach for incomplete decision systems. Moreover, several experiments on real-life incomplete data sets are conducted to assess the efficiency of the proposed approaches. The final experimental results indicate that two of these approaches can give satisfying performances in the process of attribute selection in incomplete decision systems.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Incomplete approaches":

1

Nguyen, Yen Thi Hong. "Time-frequency distributions : approaches for incomplete non-stationary signals." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19681/.

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There are many sources of waveforms or signals existing around us. They can be natural phenomena such as sound, light and invisible like electromagnetic fields, voltage, etc. Getting an insight into these waveforms helps explain the mysteries surrounding our world and the signal spectral analysis (i.e. the Fourier transform) is one of the most significant approaches to analyze a signal. Nevertheless, Fourier analysis cannot provide a time-dependent spectrum description for spectrum-varying signals-non-stationary signal. In these cases, time-frequency distribu- tions are employed instead of the traditional Fourier transform. There have been a variety of methods proposed to obtain the time-frequency representations (TFRs) such as the spectrogram or the Wigner-Ville distribution. The time-frequency distributions (TFDs), indeed, offer us a better signal interpretation in a two-dimensional time-frequency plane, which the Fourier transform fails to give. Nevertheless, in the case of incomplete data, the time-frequency displays are obscured by artifacts, and become highly noisy. Therefore, signal time-frequency features are hardly extracted, and cannot be used for further data processing. In this thesis, we propose two methods to deal with compressed observations. The first one applies compressive sensing with a novel chirp dictionary. This method assumes any windowed signal can be approximated by a sum of chirps, and then performs sparse reconstruction from windowed data in the time domain. A few improvements in computational complexity are also included. In the second method, fixed kernel as well as adaptive optimal kernels are used. This work is also based on the assumption that any windowed signal can be approximately represented by a sum of chirps. Since any chirp's auto-terms only occupy a certain area in the ambiguity domain, the kernel can be designed in a way to remove the other regions where auto-terms do not reside. In this manner, not only cross-terms but also missing samples’ artifact are mitigated significantly. The two proposed approaches bring about a better performance in the time-frequency signature estimations of the signals, which are sim- ulated with both synthetic and real signals. Notice that in this thesis, we only consider the non-stationary signals with frequency changing slowly with time. It is because the signals with rapidly varying frequency are not sparse in time-frequency domain and then the compressive sensing techniques or sparse reconstructions could not be applied. Also, the data with random missing samples are obtained by randomly choosing the samples’ positions and replacing these samples with zeros.
2

Albore, Alexandre. "Translation-based approaches to automated planning with incomplete information and sensing." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/78939.

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Artificial Intelligence Planning is about acting in order to achieve a desired goal. Under incomplete information, the task of finding the actions needed to achieve the goal can be modelled as a search problem in the belief space. This task is costly, as belief space is exponential in the number of states, which is exponential in the number of variables. Good belief representations and heuristics are thus critical for scaling up in this setting. The translation-based approach to automated planning with incomplete information deals with both issues by casting the problem of search in belief space to a search problem in state space, where each node of the search space represents a belief state. We develop plan synthesis tools that use translated versions of planning problems under uncertainty, with partial or null sensing available. We show formally under which conditions the introduced translations are polynomial, and capture all and only the plans of the original problems. We study empirically the value of these translations.
La Planificación es la disciplina de Inteligencia Artificial que estudia los procesos de razonamiento necesarios para conseguir las acciones que logren un objetivo dado. En presencia de información incompleta, el problema de planificación puede ser modelado como una búsqueda en el espacio de estados de creencia, cada uno de ellos representando un conjunto de estados posibles. Este problema es costoso ya que el numero de estados de creencia puede ser exponencial en el número de estados, lo cual es exponencial en el número de variables del problema. El uso de buenas representaciónes de los estados y de heurísticas informadas resultan cruciales para escalar en este espacio de búsqueda. En esta tesis se presentan traducciones para planificación con información incompleta, que transforman el problema de búsqueda en el espacio de estados de creencia, en búsqueda en espacio de estados, donde cada nodo representa un estado de creencia. Hemos desarrollado herramientas para la generación de planes para el problema traducido, ya sea con percepción parcial o nula. A su vez, demostramos formalmente bajo qué circunstancias las traducciones son polinómicas, completas y correctas. La evaluación empírica remarca el valor de dichas traducciones
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Villaverde, Michael. "Stochastic optimization approaches to pricing, hedging and investment in incomplete markets." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616209.

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Iddrisu, Abdul-Karim. "Sensitivity analysis approaches for incomplete longitudinal data in a multi-centre clinical trial." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31396.

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The first major contribution of the thesis is the development of sensitivity analysis strategy for dealing with incomplete longitudinal data. The second important contribution is setting up of simulation experiment to evaluate the performance of some of the sensitivity analysis approaches. The third contribution is that the thesis offers recommendations on which sensitivity analysis strategy to use and in what circumstance. It is recommended that when drawing statistical inferences in the presence of missing data, methods of analysis based on plausible scientific assumptions should be used. One major issue is that such assumptions cannot be verified using the data at hand. In order to verify these assumptions, sensitivity analysis should be performed to investigate the robustness of statistical inferences to plausible alternative assumptions about the missing data. The thesis implemented various sensitivity analysis strategies to incomplete longitudinal CD4 count data in order to investigate the effect of tuberculosis pericarditis (TBP) treatment on CD4 count changes over time. The thesis achieved the first contribution by formulating primary analysis (which assume that the data are missing at random) and then conducting sensitivity analyses to assess whether statistical inferences under the primary analysis model are sensitive to models that assume that the data are not missing at random. The second contribution was achieved via simulation experiment involving formulating hypotheses on how sensitivity analysis strategies would performed under varying rate of missing values and model mis-specification (when the model is mis-specified). The third contribution was achieved based on our experience from the development and application of the sensitivity analysis strategies as well as the simulation experiment. Using the CD4 count data, we observed that statistical inferences under the primary analysis formulation are robust to the sensitivity analyses formulations, suggesting that the mechanism that generated the missing CD4 count measurements is likely to be missing at random. The results also revealed that TBP does not interact with the HIV/AIDS treatment and that TBP treatment had no significant effect on CD4 count changes over time. We have observed in our simulation results that the sensitivity analysis strategies produced unbiased statistical inferences except when a strategy is inappropriately applied in a given trial setting and also, when a strategy is mis-specified. Although the methods considered were applied to data in the IMPI trial setting, these methods can also be applied to clinical trials with similar settings. A sensitivity analysis strategy may not necessarily give bias results because it has been mis-specified, but it may also be that it has been applied in a wrongly defined trial setting. We therefore strongly encourage analysts to carefully study these sensitivity analysis frameworks together with a clearly and precise definition of the trial objective in order to decide on which sensitivity analysis strategy to use.
5

Caliskan, Nilufer. "Asset Pricing Models: Stochastic Volatility And Information-based Approaches." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608213/index.pdf.

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We present two option pricing models, both different from the classical Black-Scholes-Merton model. The first model, suggested by Heston, considers the case where the asset price volatility is stochastic. For this model we study the asset price process and give in detail the derivation of the European call option price process. The second model, suggested by Brody-Hughston-Macrina, describes the observation of certain information about the claim perturbed by a noise represented by a Brownian bridge. Here we also study in detail the properties of this noisy information process and give the derivations of both asset price dynamics and the European call option price process.
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Comerford, Liam. "Artificial neural network approaches and compressive sensing techniques for stochastic process estimation and simulation subject to incomplete data." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2046540/.

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This research is themed around development of tools for discrete analysis of stochastic processes subject to limited or missing data; more specifically, estimation of stochastic process power spectra from which new process time-histories may be simulated. In this context, the author proposes three novel approaches to power spectrum estimation subject to missing data which comprise the main body of this work. Of particular importance is the fact that all three approaches are adaptable for use in both stationary and evolutionary power spectrum estimation. Numerous arrangements of missing data are tested to simulate a range of possible scenarios to demonstrate the versatility of the proposed methodologies. The first of the three approaches uses an artificial neural network (ANN) based model for stochastic process power spectrum estimation subject to limited / missing data. In this regard, an appropriately defined ANN is utilized to capture the stochastic pattern in the available data in an “average sense”. Next, the extrapolation capabilities of the ANN are exploited for generating realizations of the underlying stochastic process. Finally, power spectrum estimates are derived based on established frequency (e.g. Fourier analysis), or versatile joint time-frequency analysis techniques (e.g. harmonic wavelets) for the cases of stationary and non-stationary stochastic processes, respectively. One of the significant advantages of the approach relates to the fact that no a priori knowledge about the data is assumed. The second approach uses compressive sensing (CS) to solve the same problem. In this setting, further assumptions are imposed on the nature of the underlying process of interest than in the ANN case, in particular that of sparsity in the frequency domain. The advantages being that when compared to ANN, significant improvements in efficiency and accuracy are achieved with increased reliability for larger amounts of missing data. Specifically, first an appropriate basis is selected for expanding the signal recorded in the time domain. As with the ANN approach, Fourier and harmonic wavelet bases are utilized. Next, an L1 norm minimization procedure is performed for obtaining the sparsest representation of the signal in the selected basis. Further, an adaptive basis procedure is introduced that significantly improves results when working with stochastic process record ensembles. The final approach is somewhat different, in that it aims to quantify uncertainty in power spectrum estimation subject to missing data rather than provide deterministic predictions. By relying on relatively relaxed assumptions for the missing data, utilizing fundamental concepts from probability theory, and resorting to Fourier and harmonic wavelets based representations of stationary and non-stationary stochastic processes, respectively, a closed-form expression is derived for the probability density function (PDF) of the power spectrum value corresponding to a specific frequency. Numerical examples demonstrate the large extent to which any given single estimate using deterministic methods, even for small amounts of missing data, may be unrepresentative of the target spectrum. In this regard, this probabilistic approach can be potentially used to bound deterministic estimates, providing specific validation criteria for missing data reconstruction.
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Tran, Trong Hieu. "Méthodes d'optimisation hybrides pour des problèmes de routages avec profits." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30367.

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L'optimisation combinatoire est une branche de l'optimisation mathématique qui se concentre sur la recherche de solutions optimales parmi un ensemble fini de combinaisons possibles, tout en respectant un ensemble de contraintes et en maximisant ou minimisant une fonction objectif. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, les méthodes incomplètes sont souvent utilisées en pratique, car ces dernières peuvent produire rapidement des solutions de haute qualité, ce qui est un point critique dans de nombreuses applications. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons au développement d'approches hybrides qui permettent d'améliorer la recherche incomplète en exploitant les méthodes complètes. Pour traiter en cas pratique, nous considérons ici le problème de tournées de véhicules avec profits, dont l'objectif est de sélectionner un sous-ensemble de clients à visiter par des véhicules de manière à maximiser la somme des profits associés aux clients visités. Plus précisément, nous visons tout d'abord à améliorer les algorithmes de recherche incomplets en exploitant les connaissances acquises dans le passé. L'idée centrale est de: (i) apprendre des conflits (combinaisons de décisions qui conduisent à une violation de certaines contraintes ou à une sous-optimalité des solutions) et les utiliser pour éviter de réexaminer les mêmes solutions et guider la recherche, et (ii) exploiter les bonnes caractéristiques de solutions élites afin de produire de nouvelles solutions ayant une meilleure qualité. En outre, nous étudions le développement d'un solveur générique pour des problèmes de routage complexes pouvant impliquer des clients optionnels, des véhicules multiples, des fenêtres temporelles multiples, des contraintes supplémentaires, et/ou des temps de transition dépendant du temps. Le solveur générique proposé exploite des sous-problèmes pour lesquels des méthodes de raisonnement dédiées sont disponibles. L'efficacité des approches proposées est évaluée par diverses expérimentations sur des instances classiques et sur des données réelles liées à un problème d'ordonnancement pour des satellites d'observation de la Terre, qui inclut éventuellement des profits incertains
Combinatorial optimization is an essential branch of computer science and mathematical optimization that deals with problems involving a discrete and finite set of decision variables. In such problems, the main objective is to find an assignment that satisfies a set of specific constraints and optimizes a given objective function. One of the main challenges is that these problems can be hard to solve in practice. In many cases, incomplete methods are preferred to complete methods since the latter may have difficulties in solving large-scale problems within a limited amount of time. On the other hand, incomplete methods can quickly produce high-quality solutions, which is a critical point in numerous applications. In this thesis, we investigate hybrid approaches that enhance incomplete search by exploiting complete search techniques. For this, we deal with a concrete case study, which is the vehicle routing problem with profits. In particular, we aim to boost incomplete search algorithms by extracting some knowledge during the search process and reasoning with the knowledge acquired in the past. The core idea is two-fold: (i) to learn conflicting solutions (that violate some constraints or that are suboptimal) and exploit them to avoid reconsidering the same solutions and guide search, and (ii) to exploit good features of elite solutions in order to hopefully generate new solutions having a higher quality. Furthermore, we investigate the development of a generic framework by decomposing and exchanging information between sub-modules to efficiently solve complex routing problems possibly involving optional customers, multiple vehicles, multiple time windows, multiple side constraints, and/or time-dependent transition times. The effectiveness of the approaches proposed is shown by various experiments on both standard benchmarks (e.g., the Orienteering Problem and its variants) and real-life datasets from the aerospace domain (e.g., the Earth Observation Satellite scheduling problem), and possibly involving uncertain profits
8

Papalaskari, Mary-Angela. "Minimal consequence : a semantic approach to reasoning with incomplete information." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19214.

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Herrmann, Felix J., Deli Wang, Gilles Hennenfent, and Peyman P. Moghaddam. "Seismic data processing with curvelets: a multiscale and nonlinear approach." Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/557.

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In this abstract, we present a nonlinear curvelet-based sparsity promoting formulation of a seismic processing flow, consisting of the following steps: seismic data regularization and the restoration of migration amplitudes. We show that the curvelet’s wavefront detection capability and invariance under the migration-demigration operator lead to a formulation that is stable under noise and missing data.
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Paparistodemo, Marios. "Multinomial lattices and a quadratic programming approach for optimal replication in incomplete markets." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271650.

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Books on the topic "Incomplete approaches":

1

Fund, International Monetary, ed. Privatization and restructuring: An incomplete-contract approach. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1996.

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Berninghaus, Siegfried. International migration under incomplete information: A microeconomic approach. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Hyvönen, Eero. Constraint reasoning with incomplete knowledge: The tolerance propagation approach. Espoo: Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1991.

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William, Jack. Decentralizing the provision of health services: An incomplete contracts approach. Washington, DC: World Bank, Development Research Group, Public Economics, 2000.

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Müller, Gereon. Incomplete category fronting: A derivational approach to remnant movement in German. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1998.

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MacLeod, W. B. Labour turnover and the natural rate of unemployment: An incomplete contracts approach. Southampton: University of Southampton, Dept. of Economics, 1987.

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Bertsimas, Dimitris. Pricing and hedging derivative securities in incomplete markets: An e-arbitrage approach. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.

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Hartley, Michael J. A systems approach to the calibration of economy-wide models with incomplete data. [s.l.]: World Bank, 1985.

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Aghion, Philippe. An "incomplete contract" approach to bankruptcy and the financial structure of the firm. Cambridge, Mass: Dept. of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988.

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Gertsman, Elina, ed. Abstraction in Medieval Art. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462989894.

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Abstraction haunts medieval art, both withdrawing figuration and suggesting elusive presence. How does it make or destroy meaning in the process? Does it suggest the failure of figuration, the faltering of iconography? Does medieval abstraction function because it is imperfect, incomplete, and uncorrected-and therefore cognitively, visually demanding? Is it, conversely, precisely about perfection? To what extent is the abstract predicated on theorization of the unrepresentable and imperceptible? Does medieval abstraction pit aesthetics against metaphysics, or does it enrich it, or frame it, or both? Essays in this collection explore these and other questions that coalesce around three broad themes: medieval abstraction as the untethering of the image from what it purports to represent; abstraction as a vehicle for signification; and abstraction as a form of figuration. Contributors approach the concept of medieval abstraction from a multitude of perspectives-formal, semiotic, iconographic, material, phenomenological, epistemological.
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Book chapters on the topic "Incomplete approaches":

1

Allen, Beth. "Implementation Theory with Incomplete Information." In Cooperation: Game-Theoretic Approaches, 115–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60454-6_10.

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Allen, Beth. "Cooperative Theory with Incomplete Information." In Cooperation: Game-Theoretic Approaches, 51–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60454-6_7.

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Banichuk, N. V., and Pekka Neittaanmäki. "Probabilistic Approaches for Incomplete Information." In Structural Optimization with Uncertainties, 185–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2518-0_15.

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Odendaal, Andries. "South Africa’s Incomplete Peace." In The Palgrave Handbook of Disciplinary and Regional Approaches to Peace, 287–98. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-40761-0_22.

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Sakizloglou, Lucas, Holger Giese, and Leen Lambers. "Foundations for Query-based Runtime Monitoring of Temporal Properties over Runtime Models." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 22–55. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57259-3_2.

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AbstractIn model-driven engineering, runtime monitoring of systems with complex dynamic structures is typically performed via a runtime model capturing a snapshot of the system state: the model is represented as a graph and properties of interest as graph queries which are evaluated over the model online. For temporal properties, history-aware runtime models encode a trace of timestamped snapshots, which is monitored via temporal graph queries. In this case, the query evaluation needs to consider that a trace may be incomplete, thus future changes to the model may affect current answers. So far there is no formal foundation for query-based monitoring over runtime models encoding incomplete traces.In this paper, we present a systematic and formal treatment of incomplete traces. First, we introduce a new definite semantics for a first-order temporal graph logic which only returns answers if no future change to the model will affect them. Then, we adjust the query evaluation semantics of a querying approach we previously presented, which is based on this logic, to the definite semantics of the logic. Lastly, we enable the approach to keep to its efficient query evaluation technique, while returning (the more costly) definite answers.
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Meyden, Ron. "Logical Approaches to Incomplete Information: A Survey." In Logics for Databases and Information Systems, 307–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5643-5_10.

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de Carvalho Gomes, Pedro, Attilio Picoco, and Dilian Gurov. "Sound Control Flow Graph Extraction from Incomplete Java Bytecode Programs." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 215–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54804-8_15.

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Dardzińska, Agnieszka, and Zbigniew W. Raśs. "Extracting Rules from Incomplete Decision Systems: System ERID." In Foundations and Novel Approaches in Data Mining, 143–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11539827_8.

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Metta, Ravindra, Raveendra Kumar Medicherla, and Hrishikesh Karmarkar. "VeriFuzz: Good Seeds for Fuzzing (Competition Contribution)." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 341–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99429-7_20.

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AbstractWe present VeriFuzz 1.2 with two new enhancements: (1) unroll the given program to a short depth and use BMC to produce incomplete test inputs, which are extended into complete inputs, and (2) if BMC fails for this short unrolling, automatically identify the reason and rerun BMC with a corresponding remedial strategy.
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Sabu, M. K., and G. Raju. "Rough Set Approaches for Mining Incomplete Information Systems." In Advanced Intelligent Computing Theories and Applications. With Aspects of Artificial Intelligence, 914–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85984-0_110.

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Conference papers on the topic "Incomplete approaches":

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Grzymala-Busse, Jerzy W. "Rough set and CART approaches to mining incomplete data." In 2010 International Conference of Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition (SoCPaR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/socpar.2010.5685860.

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Buris, Luiz H., Daniel C. G. Pedronette, Joao P. Papa, Jurandy Almeida, Gustavo Carneiro, and Fabio A. Faria. "Mixup-Based Deep Metric Learning Approaches for Incomplete Supervision." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897167.

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Odekerken, Daphne, Tuomo Lehtonen, AnneMarie Borg, Johannes P. Wallner, and Matti Järvisalo. "Argumentative Reasoning in ASPIC+ under Incomplete Information." In 20th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2023/52.

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Reasoning under incomplete information is an important research direction in AI argumentation. Most computational advances in this direction have so-far focused on abstract argumentation frameworks. Development of computational approaches to reasoning under incomplete information in structured formalisms remains to-date to a large extent a challenge. We address this challenge by studying the so-called stability and relevance problems---with the aim of analyzing aspects of resilience of acceptance statuses in light of new information---in the central structured formalism of ASPIC+. Focusing on the case of the grounded semantics and an ASPIC+ fragment motivated through application scenarios, we develop exact ASP-based algorithms for stability and relevance in incomplete ASPIC+ theories, and pinpoint the complexity of reasoning about stability (coNP-complete) and relevance (Sigma_2^P-complete), further justifying our ASP-based approaches. Empirically, the algorithms exhibit promising scalability, outperforming even a recent inexact approach to stability, with our ASP-based iterative approach being the first algorithm proposed for reasoning about relevance in ASPIC+.
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Huang, Hao, Keqi Han, Beicheng Xu, and Ting Gan. "Reconstructing Diffusion Networks from Incomplete Data." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/428.

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To reconstruct the topology of a diffusion network, existing approaches customarily demand not only eventual infection statuses of nodes, but also the exact times when infections occur. In real-world settings, such as the spread of epidemics, tracing the exact infection times is often infeasible; even obtaining the eventual infection statuses of all nodes is a challenging task. In this work, we study topology reconstruction of a diffusion network with incomplete observations of the node infection statuses. To this end, we iteratively infer the network topology based on observed infection statuses and estimated values for unobserved infection statuses by investigating the correlation of node infections, and learn the most probable probabilities of the infection propagations among nodes w.r.t. current inferred topology, as well as the corresponding probability distribution of each unobserved infection status, which in turn helps update the estimate of unobserved data. Extensive experimental results on both synthetic and real-world networks verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
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Mohammadi, B. "Dynamical approaches and incomplete gradients for shape optimization and flow control." In 14th Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-3374.

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"USING A TWO-WAY BALANCED INCOMPLETE BLOCK DESIGN TO COMPARING AN AGENT-ORIENTED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING METHODOLOGIES." In 2th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002585200560065.

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Urena, Raquel, Francisco Chiclana, and Enrique Herrera-Viedma. "Consistency based completion approaches of incomplete preference relations in uncertain decision contexts." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2015.7338034.

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Goel, Sonia, and Meena Tushir. "A Comparative study of different approaches for clustering of incomplete medical data." In 2023 13th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/confluence56041.2023.10048818.

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Jiang, Chunheng, Jianxi Gao, and Malik Magdon-Ismail. "Inferring Degrees from Incomplete Networks and Nonlinear Dynamics." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/457.

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Inferring topological characteristics of complex networks from observed data is critical to understand the dynamical behavior of networked systems, ranging from the Internet and the World Wide Web to biological networks and social networks. Prior studies usually focus on the structure-based estimation to infer network sizes, degree distributions, average degrees, and more. Little effort attempted to estimate the specific degree of each vertex from a sampled induced graph, which prevents us from measuring the lethality of nodes in protein networks and influencers in social networks. The current approaches dramatically fail for a tiny sampled induced graph and require a specific sampling method and a large sample size. These approaches neglect information of the vertex state, representing the dynamical behavior of the networked system, such as the biomass of species or expression of a gene, which is useful for degree estimation. We fill this gap by developing a framework to infer individual vertex degrees using both information of the sampled topology and vertex state. We combine the mean-field theory with combinatorial optimization to learn vertex degrees. Experimental results on real networks with a variety of dynamics demonstrate that our framework can produce reliable degree estimates and dramatically improve existing link prediction methods by replacing the sampled degrees with our estimated degrees.
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Peniwati, K. "INCOMPLETE PAIRWISE COMPARISONS WITH THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS: THE METRIC AND ENTHROPY APPROACHES." In The International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2003.026.

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Reports on the topic "Incomplete approaches":

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Hausmann, Ricardo, and Michael Gavin. Make or Buy?: Approaches to Financial Market Integration. Inter-American Development Bank, February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011591.

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The sharp differences between financial markets as they exist in Latin America and how we might expect them to look under full integration suggest that the financial constraints on Latin American economic development have much to do with the region's financial markets' incomplete integration in the world financial system. This paper suggests that the underlying cause of Latin America's limited integration with world financial markets is not explicit barriers to international financial transactions. Rather, weaknesses in the domestic financial markets that would be called upon to intermediate international capital flows impedes integration. An appropriate financial integration approach can strengthen and deepen the domestic financial system by permitting indirect imports of the requisite public goods (provided by the banks' home countries) and by allowing a greater diversification of national risks.
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Wallis. L51614 Slug Frequency in Horizontal Gas-Liquid Flow. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011058.

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This report responds to A.G.A.s objective of initiating and planning means to create a reliable, mechanistic method of slug frequency prediction. Specific objectives were to: Update the prior review of existing knowledge Identify one or more alternative modelling approaches Recommend additional work if required Examination of empirical correlations for slug frequency shows that they have uncertainties which are large compared with experimental data. A mechanistic approach is sought. Previous mechanistic models have been either incomplete or numerically unstable. Several improvements were made to the Taitel-Dukler model for this process and a new calculation procedure developed using the method of characteristics. It is demonstrated here that this approach alone cannot lead to cyclic slug formation. The processes of wave growth continually wash out downstream without causing new slugs to form upstream. This has led to concentration on the mechanism of slug formation near the inlet to a pipe segment.
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Honig, Dan. Managing for Motivation as Public Performance Improvement Strategy in Education & Far Beyond. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-misc_2022/04.

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People management has an important role to play in improving public agency performance. This paper argues that a ‘Route Y’ managerial approach focused on supporting the empowered exercise of employee judgment will in many circumstances prove superior to conventionalreform approaches steeped in ‘Route X’ monitoring and incentives. Returns to Route Y are greater when employees are or can become more “mission motivated” – that is, aligned with the goals of the agency in the absence of monitoring and extrinsic incentives. Returns to Route Y are also greater when monitoring is incomplete or otherwise likely to unproductively distort effort, thus lowering the returns to using performance-linked rewards and penalties. I argue that education systems are one (but far from the only) setting where Route Y is a lever worth focusing on in efforts to improve public performance in the developed and developing world alike.
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Young, Matthew M. Proposed Methods For Estimating Costs Of Mental Health In Canada (2007-2020). Greo Evidence Insights, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33684/2023.002.

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This report presents the results of an investigation by Greo Evidence Insights into how Canadian mental health (MH) costs could be estimated. It begins by conducting a review of studies estimating the costs of MH in Canada since 2010 and examines the various approaches employed. Based on this analysis the next section makes recommendations regarding cost types to include, the granularity of the estimates, and the approach to missing/ incomplete data. The report then recommends a phased approach to estimating the cost of mental health: Phase I describes in detail the data sources and methods to estimate public, direct health care costs associated with general and psychiatric MH-related hospitalizations and emergency room visits and non-hospital-based interventions (i.e., physician costs, pharmaceutical costs, community MH services). Phase II describes methods for estimating social and income support payments and indirect costs. Finally, Phase III describes data sources and methods for estimating private health and lost productivity costs.
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Fuentes, J. Rodrigo, Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel, and Raimundo Soto. Fiscal Rule and Public Investment in Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003105.

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This paper reviews the design and operation of the Chilean fiscal rule in the past 30 years. Using different empirical approaches, we assess its impact on fiscal procyclicality, public debt, and public investment. While there has been substantial progress in building a modern institutional framework for fiscal policy, we find that the rule is incomplete in two dimensions: it lacks an escape clause, and it needs to supplement the budget balance rule with a debt rule. The former is seen in the pervasive inability of the authorities to steer fiscal accounts back to their long-term sustainable path after the rule was breached the rule in 2009. The latter issue is illustrated by the speedy build-up of the public debt as a result of the need to finance fiscal deficits. We do not find, nevertheless, a negative impact of the rule on public investment. We propose reforms to improve on transparency and accountability, as well as to supplement the rule with escape clauses and a debt anchor.
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Pound, B. G. GRI-99-0000 Gap Analysis of the GRI Research Program on Internal Corrosion. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010720.

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Extensive information on the corrosion of steel in aqueous CO2 systems is now available from this program and numerous other sources. This information was reviewed to identify what research has been performed and what research remains to be undertaken to develop a expert system/risk management program. Four areas were examined: corrosion mechanisms, mitigation strategies, monitoring techniques, and models/risk assessment. There were five gaps in mechanisms (two for bacteria and one each for flow rate/chloride concentration, hydrocarbons, and organic acids) and four gaps in mitigation (antibiofilm additives, antibacterial corrosion inhibitors, antibiofilm coatings, and UV light). Monitoring techniques have one principal gap, which is the lack of a single sensor that can indicate the type of corrosion and whether bacteria are involved. Various gaps were found in the approaches used for modeling and risk assessment: semiempirical and mechanistic models (deficient in their ability to treat films, H2S, and bacteria); thermodynamic models (incomplete range of key chemical species); statistical models (limited testing); probabilistic risk assessment (lack of usable data); and ranking risk assessment (lack of appropriate algorithms for internal corrosion).
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Mykland, Per A. Options Pricing in Incomplete Markets: An Asymptotic Approach. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada316737.

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Abdullah, Hannah, Karim Elgendy, and Hanne Knaepen. Climate Resilience in Cities of the EU’s Southern Neighbourhood: Opportunities for the EU Green Deal. The Royal Institute of International Affairs, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc016.

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Cities in the Middle East and North Africa are already suffering the effects of climate change. Weak urban regulation, ineffective climate policies, limited decentralization and insufficient empowerment of local authorities and civil society further decrease urban resilience. Future climate scenarios and projected urban growth threaten the stability of the region; with potential negative knock-on effects on Europe. This CASCADES Spotlight Study examines climate vulnerabilities in urban areas in countries to the south of the EU and the wider Middle East and North Africa region and advocates for systemic approaches to addressing urban climate resilience by strengthening the water-energy-food nexus, as well as other enabling factors such as decentralization. It concludes with recommendations on how the European Green Deal can help cities in the region adapt to climate impacts, based on a water-energy-food nexus approach. Over the past two decades, the European Commission has stepped up its support for urban climate action and resilience. An increasing number of programmes financed under the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) South have addressed urban climate resilience in response to the region’s rapid urbanization and the high climate vulnerability of cities. The number of urban dwellers in the wider Middle East and North Africa region is estimated to reach 527 million in 2050, an increase of 72% compared to 2020. At the same time, climate impacts – including both slow onset changes and sudden disasters – are putting additional stress on urban infrastructure. This stress is aggravated by weak urban regulations that have created unsustainable development trends which undermine the potential benefits of urbanization and adversely affect urban climate resilience. The prevalence of highly centralized administrative systems and incomplete decentralization reforms hamper local capacity building and decision-making, which are prerequisites for effective adaptation and resilience. At the same time, climate impacts – including both slow onset changes and sudden disasters – are putting additional stress on urban infrastructure. This stress is aggravated by weak urban regulations that have created unsustainable development trends which undermine the potential benefits of urbanization and adversely affect urban climate resilience. The prevalence of highly centralized administrative systems and incomplete decentralization reforms hamper local capacity building and decision-making, which are prerequisites for effective adaptation and resilience. The convergence of the region’s harsh climatic conditions with rapid, unsustainable urbanization and the associated socio-economic burdens can exacerbate existing political instability, conflict-induced migration and poverty. These developments could cascade into the EU, altering security, trade and diplomatic relations with the Southern Neighbourhood. The EU’s evolving approach to working with local authorities on urban infrastructure and climate governance is a first step towards addressing the region’s intertwined urban and climate crises. However, this approach is still in the early stages and there is a need to reflect on lessons learned and how urban spaces, climates and governance are evolving in the region. This study suggests that the EU’s overwhelming focus on supporting cities in the region with energy efficiency and the transition to sustainable energy systems is not enough to strengthen urban climate resilience. In cities of the Southern Neighbourhood, which typically struggle with resource management and scarcity, climate resilience will increasingly depend on local capacities to formulate and implement nexus approaches, especially in the water, energy and food sectors. Based on case studies of three small and intermediary urban areas, the study advocates for a systemic approach to addressing urban climate resilience in Southern Neighbourhood cities. Considering the established effectiveness of applying a water-energy-food nexus approach to improving climate resilience, the paper stresses the need for local governments to explore nexus opportunities between the water, energy and food sectors in order to achieve resilient and sustainable urbanism, while also highlighting other enabling factors such as decentralization. It concludes by exploring how future external action around the European Green Deal and its ambitions for systemic transformation could benefit from stepping up cooperation with cities in the Southern Neighbourhood around the water-energy-food nexus.
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Burniaux, Jean-Marc, and Truong Truong. GTAP-E: An Energy-Environmental Version of the GTAP Model. GTAP Technical Paper, February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp16.

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Energy is an important commodity in many economic activities. Its usage affects the environment via CO2 emissions and the Greenhouse Effect. Modeling the energy-economy-environment-trade linkages is an important objective in applied economic policy analysis. Previously, however, the modeling of these linkages in GTAP has been incomplete. This is because energy substitution, a key factor in this chain of linkages, is absent from the standard model specification. This technical paper remedies this deficiency by incorporating energy substitution into the standard GTAP model. It begins by first reviewing some of the existing approaches to this problem in contemporary CGE models. It then suggests an approach for GTAP which incorporates some of these desirable features of energy substitution. The approach is implemented as an extended version of the GTAP model called GTAP-E, which includes the standard GTAP model as a special case. In addition, GTAP-E incorporates carbon emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels and this revised version of GTAP-E provides for a mechanism to trade these emissions internationally. The resulting behavior of agents in the model is analyzed using general equilibrium demand elasticities which summarize the combined effect of the new model specification. Implications for policy analysis are demonstrated via a simple simulation experiment in which global carbon emissions are reduced via a carbon tax. Results show that incorporating energy substitution into GTAP is essential for conducting analysis of this problem. The policy relevance of GTAP-E in the context of the existing debate about climate change is illustrated by some simulations of the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol. It is hoped that the proposed model will be used by individuals in the GTAP network who may not be themselves energy modelers, but who require a better representation of the energy-economy linkages than is currently offered in the standard GTAP model.
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Baader, Franz, and Marcel Lippmann. Runtime Verification Using a Temporal Description Logic Revisited. Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.203.

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Formulae of linear temporal logic (LTL) can be used to specify (wanted or unwanted) properties of a dynamical system. In model checking, the system’s behaviour is described by a transition system, and one needs to check whether all possible traces of this transition system satisfy the formula. In runtime verification, one observes the actual system behaviour, which at any point in time yields a finite prefix of a trace. The task is then to check whether all continuations of this prefix to a trace satisfy (violate) the formula. More precisely, one wants to construct a monitor, i.e., a finite automaton that receives the finite prefix as input and then gives the right answer based on the state currently reached. In this paper, we extend the known approaches to LTL runtime verification in two directions. First, instead of propositional LTL we use the more expressive temporal logic ALC-LTL, which can use axioms of the Description Logic (DL) ALC instead of propositional variables to describe properties of single states of the system. Second, instead of assuming that the observed system behaviour provides us with complete information about the states of the system, we assume that states are described in an incomplete way by ALC-knowledge bases. We show that also in this setting monitors can effectively be constructed. The (double-exponential) size of the constructed monitors is in fact optimal, and not higher than in the propositional case. As an auxiliary result, we show how to construct Büchi automata for ALC-LTL-formulae, which yields alternative proofs for the known upper bounds of deciding satisfiability in ALC-LTL.

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