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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

China. Fisheries off the United States coasts: Agreement between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, signed at Washington July 23, 1985 and amending agreement, effected by exchange of notes, dated at Washington July 24 and August 6, 1987. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1995.

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2

China. Fisheries off the United States coasts: Agreement between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, amending and extending the agreement of July 23, 1985, as amended, effected by exhange of notes, signed at Washington March 14 and 22, 1990. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.

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3

China. Fisheries off the United States coasts: Agreement between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, amending and extending the agreement of July 23, 1985, as amended and extended, effected by exhange of notes, signed at Washington May 12 and July 6, 1992. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1994.

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4

Mexico. Boundary waters: Agreement between the United States of America and Mexico, effected by exchange of notes dated at Mexico June 24 and November 10, 1987. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.

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5

Mexico. Narcotic drugs, additional cooperative arrangements to curb illegal traffic: Agreement between the United States of America and Mexico, effected by exchange of letters signed at Mexico November 5, 1984. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1991.

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6

Mexico. Tax convention with Mexico: Message from the President of the United States transmitting the convention between the government of the United States of America and the government of the United Mexican States for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income, together with a related protocol, signed at Washington on September 18, 1992. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.

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7

Mexico. Narcotic drugs, additional cooperative arrangements to curb illegal traffic: Agreement between the United States of America and Mexico, amending the agreement of September 25 and October 10, 1984, effected by exchange of letters signed at Mexico April 2, 1985. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.

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8

Mexico. Telecommunications, frequency modulating broadcasting: Agreement between the United States of America and Mexico amending the agreement of November 9, 1972, as amended, effected by exchange of notes signed at Washington September 7, 1984, February 28, March 21 and May 14, 1985. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.

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9

Mexico. Narcotic drugs, additional cooperative arrangements to curb illegal traffic: Agreement between the United States of America and Mexico, amending the agreement of March 29, 1983, as amended, effected by exchange of letters signed at Mexico September 27 and 30, 1986. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1996.

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10

Mexico. Narcotic drugs, additional cooperative arrangements to curb illegal traffic: Agreements between the United States of America and Mexico, amending the agreement of March 29, 1983, as amended, effected by exchange of letters signed at Mexico March 16 and April 14, 1987. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.

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11

Mexico. Narcotic drugs, additional cooperative arrangements to curb illegal traffic: Agreement between the United States of America and Mexico, amending the agreement of June 2, 1977, as amended, effected by exchange of letters, signed at Mexico December 22, 1987 and February 11, 1988. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.

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12

Mexico. Narcotic drugs, additional cooperative arrangements to curb illegal traffic: Agreement between the United States of America and Mexico, amending the agreement of September 25 and October 10, 1984, as amended, effected by exchange of letters signed at Mexico July 24 and August 20, 1985. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.

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13

Mexico. Narcotic drugs, additional cooperative arrangements to curb illegal traffic: Agreements between the United States of America and Mexico, amending the agreement of March 29, 1983, effected by exchange of letters signed at Mexico April 25, 1985 and exchange of letters, signed at Mexico January 29 and March 12, 1986. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.

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14

Mexico. Narcotic drugs, additional cooperative arrangements to curb illegal traffic: Agreements between the United States of America and Mexico, amending the agreement of March 29, 1983, as amended, effected by exchange of letters signed at Mexico November 25 and 29, 1985 and exchange of letters, signed at Mexico August 25 and September 29, 1986. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.

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15

Mexico. Telecommunications, frequency modulating broadcasting: Agreements between the United States of America and Mexico amending the agreement of November 9, 1972, as amended, effected by exchange of notes signed at Mexico and Tlatelolco July 6 and September 10, 1984, and exchange of notes signed at Mexico and Tlatelolco November 6 and December 7, 1984. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1992.

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16

Mexico. Narcotic drugs, additional cooperative arrangements to curb illegal traffic: Agreements between the United States of America and Mexico, effected by exchange of letters signed at Mexico May 17, 1984, and memorandum of understanding signed at Mexico August 30, 1984, and exchange of letters signed at Mexico September 25 and October 10, 1984. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1991.

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17

Mexico. Narcotic drugs, additional cooperative arrangements to curb illegal traffic: Agreements between the United States of America and Mexico, amending the agreement of June 2, 1977, as amended, effected by exchange of letters signed at Mexico January 4, 1984, and exchange of letters signed at Mexico May 29, 1984, and exchange of letters signed at Mexico October 29, 1984. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1991.

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18

Mexico. Weather stations: Agreements between the United States of America and Mexico, extending the agreement of July 31, 1970, as amended and extended, effected by exchange of notes, dated at Mexico and Tlatelolco, January 26 and February 10, 1984, and exchange of notes dated at Mexico and Tlatelolco May 24 and 28, 1984, and exchange of notes, signed at Tlatelolco and Mexico September 28 and October 15, 1984. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1992.

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19

Mexico. Weather stations: Agreement between the United States of America and Mexico extending the agreement of July 31, 1970, as amended and extended, effected by exchange of notes, signed at Tlatelolco and Mexico March 13 and 29, 1985, and exchange of notes, signed at Tlatelolco and Mexico September 13 and October 4, 1985, and exchange of notes, signed at Mexico March 26 and April 3, 1986. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1994.

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20

Mexico. Narcotic drugs, additional cooperative arrangements to curb illegal traffic: Agreements between the United States of America and Mexico, amending the agreement of June 2, 1977, as amended, effected by exchange of letters signed at Mexico July 14 and 28, 1987, and exchange of letters signed at Mexico August 7 and 28, 1987, and exchange of letters signed at Mexico August 10 and 28, 1987. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.

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21

Mexico. Boundary waters, sanitation problems: Minute 295 of the International Boundary and Water Commission, United States of America and Mexico, signed at Ciudad Juarez September 19, 1996. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of State, 2006.

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22

Mexico. Mutual legal assistance cooperation treaty with Mexico: Message from the President of the United States transmitting the treaty on cooperation between the United States of America and the United Mexican States for mutual legal assistance, signed at Mexico City on December 9, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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23

Mexico. Environmental cooperation: Agreement between the United States of America and Mexico, signed at Washington October 3, 1989. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.

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24

Mexico. Mutual legal assistance cooperation treaty with Mexico: Message from the President of the United States transmitting the treaty on cooperation between the United States of America and the United Mexican States for mutual legal assistance, signed at Mexico City on December 9, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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25

Mexico. Boundary waters: Sanitation problems : minute no. 274 of the International Boundary and Water Commission, United States of America and Mexico, signed at Ciudad Juarez April 15, 1987, with joint report. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1992.

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26

Mexico. Scientific and technical cooperation: Earth and mapping sciences : memorandum of understanding between the United States of America and Mexico, signed at Washington August 12, 1992. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1994.

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27

Mexico. Educational and cultural commission: Agreement between the United States of America and Mexico, signed at Monterrey November 27, 1990 with memorandum of understanding. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.

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28

Mexico. Boundary waters, sanitation problems: Minute no. 273 of the International Boundary and Water Commission, United States of America and Mexico, signed at El Paso March 19, 1987. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1992.

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29

Mexico. Environmental cooperation: Annexes to the agreement of August 14, 1983, between the United States of America and Mexico, signed at San Diego July 18, 1985, and signed at San Diego July 18, 1985, and signed at Washington November 12, 1986, and signed at Washington January 29, 1987, and signed at Washington October 3, 1989. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1992.

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30

Mexico. Boundary waters: Sanitation problems : minute No. 276 of the International Boundary and Water Commission, United States of America and Mexico, signed at Ciudad Jaurez July 26, 1988 with joint report. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1998.

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31

Mexico. U.S.-Mexico treaty on maritime boundaries: Report (to accompany Ex. F, 96-1). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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32

Mexico. Educational and cultural commission: Agreement between the United States of America and Mexico, signed at Monterrey November 27, 1990 with memorandum of understanding. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.

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33

Mexico. Telecommunications, radio: Protocol between the United States of America and Mexico, signed at Morelia, Michoacan April 26, 1996 with appendices. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of State, 2005.

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34

Mexico. U.S.-Mexico treaty on maritime boundaries: Report (to accompany Ex. F, 96-1). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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35

Mexico. U.S.-Mexico treaty on maritime boundaries: Report (to accompany Ex. F, 96-1). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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36

Mexico. Telecommunications, radio: Protocol between the United States of America and Mexico, signed at Morelia, Michoacan April 26, 1996 with appendices. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of State, 2005.

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37

Mexico. Boundary waters, sanitation problems: Minute no. 270 of the International Boundary and Water Commission, United States of America and Mexico, signed at Ciudad Juarez April 30, 1985. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1992.

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38

Mexico. Scientific and technical cooperation: Earth sciences : memorandum of understanding between the United States of America and Mexico, signed at Mexico May 9, 1994. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1996.

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39

Mexico. U.S.-Mexico treaty on maritime boundaries: Report (to accompany Ex. F, 96-1). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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40

Fair, Alistair. ‘An Instrument of Policy and Something Socially Desirable’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807476.003.0002.

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This chapter sets the post-war theatre-building boom in a national context by outlining the emergence of a system of public support for the arts. Though only ever one source of income for theatres (and one which was limited in its extent), the advent of subsidy had important consequences. The creation of the Arts Council of Great Britain in 1946 and the Local Government Act of 1948 transformed certain kinds of theatre from an essentially commercial activity into something that could be considered a public amenity, a cultural arm of the welfare state. The ways in which this development was justified are considered, looking particularly at the extent to which the arts were seen to be transformative. Particular attention is given to the effect of subsidy on regional repertory companies. It formed an important stabilizing factor for them, allowed higher standards, and prompted many to think about building.
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41

Escribà-Folch, Abel, Joseph Wright, and Covadonga Meseguer. Migration and Democracy. Princeton University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691199382.001.0001.

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In the growing body of work on democracy, little attention has been paid to its links with migration. This book focuses on the effects of worker remittances—money sent by migrants back to their home countries—and how these resources shape political action in the Global South. Remittances are not only the largest source of foreign income in most autocratic countries, but also, in contrast to foreign aid or international investment, flow directly to citizens. As a result, they provide resources that make political opposition possible, and they decrease government dependency, undermining the patronage strategies underpinning authoritarianism. The book's authors discuss how international migration produces a decentralized flow of income that generally circumvents governments to reach citizens who act as democratizing agents. Documenting why dictatorships fall and how this process has changed in the last three decades, the authors show that remittances increase the likelihood of protest and reduce electoral support for authoritarian incumbents. Combining global macroanalysis with microdata and case studies of Senegal and Cambodia, the book demonstrates how remittances—and the movement of people from authoritarian nations to higher-income countries—foster democracy and its expansion.
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42

Llano, Samuel. A Public Nuisance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199392469.003.0007.

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This chapter documents the early presence of organilleros in the streets of Spanish cities from the 1860s on and analyzes their impact on Madrid’s society during the ensuing decades. Considered an exotic amusement during the 1860s, organilleros came to be seen as sources of “noise” and social disorder soon after. Although the information available on organilleros makes it hard to describe their social background accurately, it is likely that some of them were rural immigrants who took up organ grinding intermittently when other sources of income failed. Their impact on the public sphere raised awareness about the effects of sound and prompted legal measures that could be considered as the first attempts to spread an “aural” hygiene in Madrid. For this reason, organilleros played a key role in the modernization of this city.
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43

Fiorino, Daniel J. Inequality and Green Growth. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190605803.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the role of economic inequality in influencing a society’s capacity for ecological protection and green growth. Its premise is that for two similar political systems differing only in their degree of inequality, the less unequal one will have advantages. Although there still is limited research on the role of income and wealth inequality in influencing ecological performance, evidence suggests that more economically equitable societies hold an advantage. This is partly due to economic factors, such as the tendency in more unequal societies to promote consumption based on status competition and positional goods, but there is evidence of political and social factors as well. High economic inequality increases social mistrust and distance, which undermines the ability to collectively value public goods. Any green growth strategy should account for the sources of and effects of inequality.
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44

Freeman, Samuel. The Basic Structure of Society as the Primary Subject of Justice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699260.003.0008.

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Rawls says that there are two sources for the primacy assigned to the basic structure: the profound effects of basic social institutions on persons and their future prospects, and the need to maintain background justice. This chapter discusses the main reasons behind Rawls’s position that the basic structure of society is the primary subject of justice, and that the political constitution, property, and the economic system are the first subject to which principles of justice apply. First, the primacy of the basic structure is necessary for the freedom, equality, and independence of moral persons. Second, the basic structure’s priority is a condition of economic reciprocity and the just distribution of income and wealth. Third, the primacy of the basic structure is required by moral pluralism and the plurality of values and reasonable conceptions of the good among free and equal persons.
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45

Sheppard, Charles, Simon Davy, Graham Pilling, and Nicholas Graham. The Biology of Coral Reefs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787341.001.0001.

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Coral reefs represent the most spectacular and diverse marine ecosystem on the planet as well as a critical source of protein and income for many millions of people. Ecologically they are as complex as they are diverse and colourful. However, the combined effects of human activities have led to a rapid decline worldwide in the health of reefs. This timely book provides an integrated overview of the function, physiology, ecology and behaviour of coral reef organisms. Each chapter is enriched with a selection of ‘boxes’ on specific aspects written by internationally recognized experts. As with other books in the Biology of Habitats Series, the emphasis in this book is on the organisms that dominate this marine environment, although pollution, conservation, climate change and experimental aspects are also included. Indeed, particular emphasis is placed on conservation and management due to the habitat’s critically endangered status. A global range of examples is employed which gives the book international relevance. This accessible text is intended for students, naturalists and professionals and assumes no previous knowledge of coral reef biology. It is particularly suitable for both senior undergraduate and graduate students (in departments of biology, geography, and environmental science) taking courses in coral reef ecology, marine biology, oceanography and conservation biology, as well as the many professional ecologists and conservation biologists requiring a concise overview of the topic. It will also be of relevance and use to reef managers, recreational divers and amateur naturalists.
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46

Representative speeches, 2013-2014. 2014.

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47

Shengelia, Revaz. Modern Economics. Universal, Georgia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/rsme012021.

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Economy and mankind are inextricably interlinked. Just as the economy or the production of material wealth is unimaginable without a man, so human existence and development are impossible without the wealth created in the economy. Shortly, both the goal and the means of achieving and realization of the economy are still the human resources. People have long ago noticed that it was the economy that created livelihoods, and the delays in their production led to the catastrophic events such as hunger, poverty, civil wars, social upheavals, revolutions, moral degeneration, and more. Therefore, the special interest of people in understanding the regulatory framework of the functioning of the economy has existed and exists in all historical epochs [A. Sisvadze. Economic theory. Part One. 2006y. p. 22]. The system of economic disciplines studies economy or economic activities of a society. All of them are based on science, which is currently called economic theory in the post-socialist space (the science of economics, the principles of economics or modern economics), and in most countries of the world - predominantly in the Greek-Latin manner - economics. The title of the present book is also Modern Economics. Economics (economic theory) is the science that studies the efficient use of limited resources to produce and distribute goods and services in order to satisfy as much as possible the unlimited needs and demands of the society. More simply, economics is the science of choice and how society manages its limited resources. Moreover, it should be emphasized that economics (economic theory) studies only the distribution, exchange and consumption of the economic wealth (food, beverages, clothing, housing, machine tools, computers, services, etc.), the production of which is possible and limited. And the wealth that exists indefinitely: no economic relations are formed in the production and distribution of solar energy, air, and the like. This current book is the second complete updated edition of the challenges of the modern global economy in the context of the coronary crisis, taking into account some of the priority directions of the country's development. Its purpose is to help students and interested readers gain a thorough knowledge of economics and show them how this knowledge can be applied pragmatically (professionally) in professional activities or in everyday life. To achieve this goal, this textbook, which consists of two parts and tests, discusses in simple and clear language issues such as: the essence of economics as a science, reasons for origin, purpose, tasks, usefulness and functions; Basic principles, problems and peculiarities of economics in different economic systems; Needs and demand, the essence of economic resources, types and limitations; Interaction, mobility, interchangeability and efficient use of economic resources. The essence and types of wealth; The essence, types and models of the economic system; The interaction of households and firms in the market of resources and products; Market mechanism and its elements - demand, supply and price; Demand and supply elasticity; Production costs and the ways to reduce them; Forms of the market - perfect and incomplete competition markets and their peculiarities; Markets for Production Factors and factor incomes; The essence of macroeconomics, causes and importance of origin; The essence and calculation of key macroeconomic indicators (gross national product, gross domestic product, net national product, national income, etc.); Macroeconomic stability and instability, unemployment, inflation and anti-inflationary policies; State regulation of the economy and economic policy; Monetary and fiscal policy; Income and standard of living; Economic Growth; The Corona Pandemic as a Defect and Effect of Globalization; National Economic Problems and New Opportunities for Development in the conditions of the Coronary Crisis; The Socio-economic problems of moral obsolescence in digital technologies; Education and creativity are the main solution way to overcome the economic crisis caused by the coronavirus; Positive and negative effects of tourism in Georgia; Formation of the middle class as a contributing factor to the development of tourism in Georgia; Corporate culture in Georgian travel companies, etc. The axiomatic truth is that economics is the union of people in constant interaction. Given that the behavior of the economy reflects the behavior of the people who make up the economy, after clarifying the essence of the economy, we move on to the analysis of the four principles of individual decision-making. Furtermore, the book describes how people make independent decisions. The key to making an individual decision is that people have to choose from alternative options, that the value of any action is measured by the value of what must be given or what must be given up to get something, that the rational, smart people make decisions based on the comparison of the marginal costs and marginal returns (benefits), and that people behave accordingly to stimuli. Afterwards, the need for human interaction is then analyzed and substantiated. If a person is isolated, he will have to take care of his own food, clothes, shoes, his own house and so on. In the case of such a closed economy and universalization of labor, firstly, its productivity will be low and, secondly, it will be able to consume only what it produces. It is clear that human productivity will be higher and more profitable as a result of labor specialization and the opportunity to trade with others. Indeed, trade allows each person to specialize, to engage in the activities that are most successful, be it agriculture, sewing or construction, and to buy more diverse goods and services from others at a relatively lower price. The key to such human interactions is that trade is mutually beneficial; That markets are usually the good means of coordination between people and that the government can improve the results of market functioning if the market reveals weakness or the results of market functioning are not fair. Moroever, it also shows how the economy works as a whole. In particular, it is argued that productivity is a key determinant of living standards, that an increase in the money supply is a major source of inflation, and that one of the main impediments to avoiding inflation is the existence of an alternative between inflation and unemployment in the short term, that the inflation decrease causes the temporary decline in unemployement and vice versa. The Understanding creatively of all above mentioned issues, we think, will help the reader to develop market economy-appropriate thinking and rational economic-commercial-financial behaviors, to be more competitive in the domestic and international labor markets, and thus to ensure both their own prosperity and the functioning of the country's economy. How he/she copes with the tasks, it is up to the individual reader to decide. At the same time, we will receive all the smart useful advices with a sense of gratitude and will take it into account in the further work. We also would like to thank the editor and reviewers of the books. Finally, there are many things changing, so it is very important to realize that the XXI century has come: 1. The century of the new economy; 2. Age of Knowledge; 3. Age of Information and economic activities are changing in term of innovations. 1. Why is the 21st century the century of the new economy? Because for this period the economic resources, especially non-productive, non-recoverable ones (oil, natural gas, coal, etc.) are becoming increasingly limited. According to the World Energy Council, there are currently 43 years of gas and oil reserves left in the world (see “New Commersant 2007 # 2, p. 16). Under such conditions, sustainable growth of real gross domestic product (GDP) and maximum satisfaction of uncertain needs should be achieved not through the use of more land, labor and capital (extensification), but through more efficient use of available resources (intensification) or innovative economy. And economics, as it was said, is the science of finding the ways about the more effective usage of the limited resources. At the same time, with the sustainable growth and development of the economy, the present needs must be met in a way that does not deprive future generations of the opportunity to meet their needs; 2. Why is the 21st century the age of knowledge? Because in a modern economy, it is not land (natural resources), labor and capital that is crucial, but knowledge. Modern production, its factors and products are not time-consuming and capital-intensive, but science-intensive, knowledge-intensive. The good example of this is a Japanese enterprise (firm) where the production process is going on but people are almost invisible, also, the result of such production (Japanese product) is a miniature or a sample of how to get the maximum result at the lowest cost; 3. Why is the 21st century the age of information? Because the efficient functioning of the modern economy, the effective organization of the material and personal factors of production largely depend on the right governance decision. The right governance decision requires prompt and accurate information. Gone are the days when the main means of transport was a sailing ship, the main form of data processing was pencil and paper, and the main means of transmitting information was sending letters through a postman on horseback. By the modern transport infrastructure (highways, railways, ships, regular domestic and international flights, oil and gas pipelines, etc.), the movement of goods, services and labor resoucres has been significantly accelerated, while through the modern means of communication (mobile phone, internet, other) the information is spreading rapidly globally, which seems to have "shrunk" the world and made it a single large country. The Authors of the book: Ushangi Samadashvili, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University - Introduction, Chapters - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11,12, 15,16, 17.1,18 , Tests, Revaz Shengelia, Doctor of Economics, Professor of Georgian Technical University, Chapters_7, 8, 13. 14, 17.2, 17.4; Zhuzhuna Tsiklauri - Doctor of Economics, Professor of Georgian Technical University - Chapters 13.6, 13.7,17.2, 17.3, 18. We also thank the editor and reviewers of the book.
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48

Tax convention with Mexico: Message from the President of the United States transmitting the convention between the government of the United States of America and the government of the United Mexican States for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income, together with a related protocol, signed at Washington on September 18, 1992. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.

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49

Sana, Ashish Kumar, Bappaditya Biswas, Samyabrata Das, and Sandeep Poddar. Sustainable Strategies for Economic Growth and Decent Work: New Normal. Lincoln University College, Malaysia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31674/book.2022sseg.

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Almost every country throughout the globe has been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The virus's propagation has a disastrous effect on both human health and the economy as a whole. The COVID-19 global recession is the worst since World War II ended. According to the IMF's April 2021 World Economic Outlook Report, the global economy declined by 3.5 percent in 2020, 7 percent drop from the 3.4 percent growth predicted in October 2019. While almost every IMF-covered nation saw negative growth in 2020, the decline was more extreme in the world's poorest regions. The global supply system and international trade of all countries, including India, were affected by the nationwide lockdown in India and around the world to stop the pandemic from spreading. Since the beginning of 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the global business climate. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant public health and economic problems in South Asian countries and the worst impacted being India, Bangladesh and Pakistan in recent years. The nationwide lockdown adopted by the countries was effective in slowing down the spread of the coronavirus in South Asia, but it came at a substantial financial and social cost to society. Manufacturing activities in Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines have shrunk sharply. Tourism, trade and remittances, and all major sources of foreign money for South Asian countries, have been substantially impacted. The COVID-19 spread has had a significant influence on global financial markets. The international financial and energy markets substantially dropped as the number of cases began to rise globally, primarily in the United States, Italy, Spain, Germany, France, Iran, and South Korea along with South Asian countries. Reduced travel has had a substantial impact on service businesses such as tourism, hospitality, and transportation. According to IMF, (space required after,) 2020 South Asian economies are likely to shrink for the first time in 4 decades. The pandemic has pushed millions into poverty and widened income and wealth disparities because of premature deaths, workplace absenteeism and productivity losses. A negative supply shock has occurred with manufacturing and productive activity decreasing due to global supply chain disruptions and factory closures. This resulted in a severe short-term challenge for policymakers, especially when food and commodity prices rise, exacerbating economic insecurity. Failure to achieve equitable recovery might result in social and political unrest, as well as harsh responses from governments that have been less tolerant of dissident voices in recent years. Almost every area of the Indian economy is being ravaged by the pandemic. But the scope and degree of the damage vary from sector to sector within each area. One of the worst-affected areas in India is the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector. Apart from MSMEs, Agriculture and Agro-based industries, Banking companies and NBFCs and Social Sectors are also in jeopardy. The pandemic creates turmoil in the Capital Market and Mutual Funds industry. India's auto manufacturing and its ancillary sectors were badly hit during the initial stages of the pandemic when lockdown measures were adopted and the situation continued to remain subdued for many quarters. It is still uncertain whether this recession will have long-term structural ramifications for the global economy or will have only short-term financial and economic consequences. Additionally, the speed and the strength of the healing may be crucially dependent on the capability of the governments to accumulate and roll out the COVID-19 vaccines. In the context of the pandemic and its devastating impact on the Indian economy, an edited volume is proposed which intends to identify and analyse the footfalls of the pandemic on various sectors and industries in India. The proposed edited volume endeavours to understand the status, impact, problems, policies and prospects of the agricultural and agro-based industries, Banking and NBFCs, MSMEs, Social Sector, Capital Market and Mutual Funds during the pandemic and beyond. The proposed volume will contain research papers/articles covering the overall impact of the pandemic on various sectors, measures to be adopted to combat the situation and suggestions for overcoming the hurdles. For this, research papers and articles will be called from academicians, research scholars and industrialists having common research interests to share their insights relating to this area. It is anticipated that the volume will include twenty to twenty-five chapters. An editorial committee will be constituted with three chief editors and another external editor to review the articles following a double-blind review process to assure the quality of the papers according to the global standards and publisher's guidelines. The expected time to complete the entire review process is one month, and the publication process will start thereafter. The proposed volume is believed to be having significant socio-economic implications and is intended to cater to a large audience which includes academicians, researchers, students, corporates, policymakers, investors and general readers at large.
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