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Journal articles on the topic 'INCLINED BED'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Sugioka, Ryokichi, Ryohei Yamazaki, Osamu Ando, and Genji Jimbo. "Slug behavior in inclined fluidized bed." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 15, no. 2 (1989): 418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.15.418.

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2

Danoff-Burg, Sharon, Holly M. Rus, Morgan A. Weaver, and Roy J. E. M. Raymann. "Sleeping in an Inclined Position to Reduce Snoring and Improve Sleep: In-home Product Intervention Study." JMIR Formative Research 6, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): e30102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/30102.

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Background Accurately and unobtrusively testing the effects of snoring and sleep interventions at home has become possible with recent advances in digital measurement technologies. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of using an adjustable bed base to sleep with the upper body in an inclined position to reduce snoring and improve sleep, measured at home using commercially available trackers. Methods Self-reported snorers (N=25) monitored their snoring and sleep nightly and completed questionnaires daily for 8 weeks. They slept flat for the first 4 weeks, then used an adjustable bed base to sleep with the upper body at a 12-degree incline for the next 4 weeks. Results Over 1000 nights of data were analyzed. Objective snoring data showed a 7% relative reduction in snoring duration (P=.001) in the inclined position. Objective sleep data showed 4% fewer awakenings (P=.04) and a 5% increase in the proportion of time spent in deep sleep (P=.02) in the inclined position. Consistent with these objective findings, snoring and sleep measured by self-report improved. Conclusions New measurement technologies allow intervention studies to be conducted in the comfort of research participants’ own bedrooms. This study showed that sleeping at an incline has potential as a nonobtrusive means of reducing snoring and improving sleep in a nonclinical snoring population.

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3

El-Bisy, Mousa S. "Bed changes at toe of inclined seawalls." Ocean Engineering 34, no. 3-4 (March 2007): 510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2006.02.006.

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4

Yamazaki, Ryohei, Ryokichi Sugioka, Osamu Ando, and Genji Jimbo. "Minimum fluidization velocity of inclined fluidized bed." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 15, no. 2 (1989): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.15.219.

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5

BERZI, D., and J. T. JENKINS. "Steady inclined flows of granular-fluid mixtures." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 641 (November 16, 2009): 359–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009991510.

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We extend a recent theory for steady uniform gravity-driven flow of a highly concentrated granular-fluid mixture over an erodible bed between frictional sidewalls. We first include angles of inclination greater than the angle of repose of the particles; then, we introduce a boundary condition for flow over a rigid bumpy bed. We compare the predictions of the resulting theory with the volume flow rates, depths and angles of inclination measured in the experiments on dry and variously saturated flows over rigid and erodible boundaries. Finally, we employ the resulting theory, with the assumption that the flow is shallow, to solve, in an approximate way, for the variation of height and average velocities along a steady non-uniform inclined flow of a granular-fluid mixture that moves over a rigid bumpy bed. The solutions exhibit features of the flow seen in the experiments – for example, a dry bulbous snout in advance of the fluid, whose length increases with increasing number of the particles and that disappears with increasing velocity – for which satisfactory explanations were lacking.

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6

Ridha, Huda, and Sarah Oleiwi. "Numerical Investigation for Liquid - Solid Inclined Fluidized Bed." International Journal of Heat and Technology 38, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.380115.

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7

HASATANI, Masanobu, Norio ARAI, and Yoshinori ITAYA. "Drying of powder in inclined oscillating fluidized bed." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 24, no. 6 (1987): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.24.395.

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8

Ye, Chen, Wang Kelin, Sun Xiaofeng, Qu Jingyu, and Cao lihu. "Simulation on Incipient Particle Motion in Highly-Inclined Annulus." Recent Patents on Engineering 14, no. 1 (June 21, 2020): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872212113666190329234115.

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Background: Highly-inclined and horizontal wells have been widely used for the development of mature oilfield, marine oilfield, and low permeable oilfield. During drilling operations, cutting particles will accumulate in the low side of wellbore and cuttings bed may be formed, which may lead to high drag and torque, stuck pipe, and other drilling problems. We reviewed the patents about cutting bed cleaning tool. Objective: The goal of this work is to determine the incipient motion velocity or rate to re-suspend and remove the cutting particles. Methods: In this study, the random distribution function of particles is introduced to determine the percentage of incipient particle motion, and the mechanical models for rolling and lifting method considering the net gravity, drag force, lift force, additional mass force, adhesive force and flow pressure gradient force are developed to predict the incipient motion velocity or rate. Also, the model has been verified by published experimental data. Results: The critical particle size of incipient motion rate is approximately 1 mm. The incipient motion rate decreases as the height of cuttings bed decreases, and the minimum flow rate that prevents the bed formation may be estimated when bed height is small enough. Also, increasing wellbore inclination or fluid density has a positive effect on incipient motion rate, but increasing particle density or percentage of incipient particle motion has an adverse effect. Conclusion: This study may provide a guideline for designing hydraulic parameters and sand washing in the highly-inclined and horizontal wells, thereby contributingin economic production.

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9

Zhang, Guodong, and Kun Chao. "Downward flow of proppant slurry through curving pipes during horizontal well fracturing." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 73 (2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018032.

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The transport of proppant-fracturing fluid mixture in a fracturing pipe can significantly affect the final proppant placement in a hydraulic fracture in horizontal well fracturing. To improve the understanding of the hydrodynamic performance of proppants in a curving fracturing pipe, a modified two-layer transport model was proposed by taking the viscoelastic properties of carrier fluid into consideration. Fluid temperature was determined by an energy equation in order to accurately characterize its rheological properties, and the Chang–Darby model was used to represent the viscosity-shear rate relationship. The flow pattern of particle-fluid mixture in a curving fracturing pipe was investigated, the effects of particle and fluid properties and injection parameters were analyzed, and a flow pattern map was established. Three transport stages are observed: (1) particles keep suspended in the carrier fluid at small inclined angle; (2) a small number of particles settle and accumulate on pipe bottom to form a particle bed load flow at intermediate inclined angle; (3) numerous particles settle out of carrier fluid and the particle bed quickly develops in an approximate horizontal pipe. The transition processes between different stages were observed, and the transition velocity from particle bed load flow to full suspension flow increases with the increase in inclined angle. However, an inverse transition phenomenon occurs at intermediate inclined angle, where the full suspension flow inversely turns into particle bed load flow with the increase in injected velocity.

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10

Minatti, Lorenzo, Enio Paris, and Luca Solari. "On the erosion due to inclined jets." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 42, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10060-008-0077-3.

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On the erosion due to inclined jets Some preliminary experiments and studies regarding scour processes on a mobile bed caused by inclined jets issuing from a sluice gate are presented. Tests with submerged tailwater conditions have been carried out using different flow and geometric conditions. The investigated experimental conditions included different jet Froude numbers, inclinations and tailwater conditions. The bed configuration has been measured during the whole scour hole evolution process until the achievement of a dynamic steady state, where sediment motion was still possible even though it did not allow for any persistent change in the scour and ridge shapes anymore. On the basis of the observed sediment motion, two different patterns of flow seem to develop under the investigated conditions: one where the main flow remains attached to the bottom of the channel and another where it oscillates between the aforementioned configuration and a surface jet. Some relevant parameters have been identified and used to plot graphs showing their correlation and trends.

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11

Li, Chuanfu, Yan Liu, Yuelong Wu, Xiaolong Li, and Tingan Zhang. "Simulation of Fluidization Quality for Various Reduced−Gas Composition and Agitation Speed Circumstances in a Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed with an Inclined Agitator." Metals 13, no. 2 (February 13, 2023): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020376.

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Blast furnace ironmaking is one of the most serious carbon dioxide emission processes. To reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions, fluidized bed ironmaking technology with hydrogen as a reducing agent has attracted more and more attention. An inclined agitator was added to the fluidized bed reactor to address the sticking issue in the conventional fluidized bed ironmaking process. In this research, numerical simulation was used to examine the impacts of reducing gas composition and agitation speed on the gas-solid fluidization quality in the cold fluidization of iron ore powder in the fluidized bed with an inclined agitator. The results indicate that the fluidization effect of iron ore powder is better when the volume ratios of H2 to CO and H2 to N2 are 1:1. Under the intensive shear action of the agitator, the standard deviation of pressure drop constantly decreases with the increase in agitation speed, and the decreasing range is smaller and smaller. The fluidization state of the iron ore powder particles in the bed stabilized when the agitation speed reached 160 rpm.

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12

Ehrenmark, Ulf Torsten. "Set-down computations over an arbitrarily inclined plane bed." Journal of Marine Research 52, no. 6 (November 1, 1994): 983–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1357/0022240943076858.

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13

Huang, Jiale, Ruojin Wang, Rongsheng Xu, Banghua Wu, Dewu Wang, Yan Liu, and Shaofeng Zhang. "Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Variation Characteristics of Particles in a Rolling Fluidized Bed." Processes 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2023): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11061696.

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When transplanting the gas–solid fluidized bed technology to the offshore floating platform, the gas–solid flow characteristics in the bed will be affected by the rolling of the platform. In this paper, the flow field, especially the dynamic variation characteristics of the particles, in a two-dimensional rolling fluidized bed, is investigated using the numerical simulation method. The results show that when the bed is in an inclined position, the gas/particle phases gather in the upper/lower wall region of the inclined bed. During the rolling process of the bed, this behavior results in a periodic change in the gas–solid flow state near the wall region, forming an overall particle internal circulation flow mode of ‘upward flow rate in the upper wall region and downward flow rate in the lower wall region’. The solid holdup in the lower wall region fluctuates at a low amplitude around high values, with a corresponding downward solid flow rate. Meanwhile, the upper wall region has a high frequency and amplitude of solid holdup fluctuations and a corresponding upward solid flow rate. In addition, affected by the Coriolis force, a ‘lag phenomenon’ appears when the inclination angle decreases, compared with the instantaneous inclination angle increase stage. It is anticipated that this paper will provide theoretical guidance for the engineering application of the fluidized bed on the offshore floating platform.

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14

Chung, Dang Huu. "The stability of flow with suspended sediment in an inclined channel of movable bed." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 13, no. 2 (June 30, 1991): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/10249.

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In this work the author has studied the stability of flow with suspended sediment in an inclined channel of movable bed at different stages of flow. The obtained result shows that when the flow with suspended sediment is at the stage of deposition or erosion then the critical inclined angle is less than that one of homogeneous flow, e. g., the flow with suspended sediment is earlier unstable. If the exchange between suspended sediment and bed-load doesn't occur, the existence of sediment will not act on the condition of stability. In particular when C0 = 0 the classical result is obtained. The author would like to thank to Prof-Doctor Nguyen Van Diep for useful helping.

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15

Karim, MR, MA Gulandaz, MM Mahmuda, and M. Salahuddin. "Performance Evaluation of Bari Inclined Plate Planter for Lentil Cultivation." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 10, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v10i2.39011.

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A field trial was carried out at Farm Machinery Technology Dissemination (FMTD) project site, Sujanagor, Pabna to test performance of planting methods with Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) inclined plate planter, BARI Bed planter over conventional manual planting method for sowing lentil during 2014-15. Mechanical planting method with BARI Inclined Plate Planter showed highest yield (1.67 tha-1) whereas it was obtained1.54 tha-1 for bed planter and 1.41 tha-1 for conventional manual planting method. Planting methods exhibited non significant response on yield attributes like number of plants population, plant height, seed pod-1, dry weight of 10 plants and weight of 100 seeds. However, highest no. of pod plant-1 (168.83), primary branch (6.77) and secondary branch (33.67) was obtained from planting by IPP and these three parameters were shown lowest value (70.20, 3.5 and 11.8 respectively) in manual seeding methods. Total Cost of complete land preparation and planting was exhibited lowest for seed sowing with BARI Inclined Plate Planter (2016 Tk. ha-1) and it was 2727 Tk. ha-1 for BARI bed planter and highest for conventional manual seed sowing method (4433 Tk.ha-1).J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 39-44 2017

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16

Wang, Shaohua, Shiyu Yang, Zhiguo He, Li Li, and Yuezhang Xia. "Effect of Inclination Angles on the Local Scour around a Submerged Cylinder." Water 12, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 2687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102687.

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In ocean engineering and coastal environmental studies, local scour around a submerged structure is a typical issue, which is affected by the inclination of the structure. To investigate the effect of inclination directions and angles on flow structure and the bed morphology, a three-dimensional numerical model of a submerged inclined cylinder was established. In this model, the hydrodynamics are solved from the RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes) equations closed with the RNG k-ε turbulence model, while the bed morphology evolution is captured by the sediment transport model. In the case of vertical-cylinder scour, the simulation results agree well with existing laboratory experiments. In the cases of inclined-cylinder scour, the results show that the inclination direction not only changes the intensity and the location of the downflow but also modulates the pattern of the horseshoe vortex in front of the cylinder, thus influencing the local scour depth and the morphology of the bed. Compared with the case of vertical cylinder, the scour around an upstream-inclined cylinder is deeper, mainly due to the enhancement of downflow in front of the cylinder. The scour around a downstream-inclined cylinder is shallower and broader due to the weakened downflow and accelerated incoming flow. The maximum scour depth decreases with the inclination angle in the downstream-inclination case. In the upstream-inclination case, the maximum scour depth does not vary monotonously with the inclination angle, which results from a competitive effect of the horseshoe vortex and downflow in the front of the cylinder.

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17

Danoff-Burg, Sharon, Holly Rus, Colin Burke, Morgan Weaver, Rodolfo Rodriguez, Kiara Carmon, Duvia Lara Ledesma, and Elie Gottlieb. "0344 Use of an Adjustable Bed Base Improves Sleep Quality and Duration." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A154—A155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.341.

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Abstract Introduction The positional adjustment of a bed can potentially contribute to better sleep and alleviation of discomfort associated with a variety of medical conditions. As most studies in this area have focused on inclined sleeping for therapeutic purposes, understanding the impact of postural change on improving sleep among healthy individuals requires further research. This study compared sleep in an inclined position on an adjustable bed base to participants’ prior sleep on their original bed bases. Methods Healthy adults (61% female, ages 23-60) willing to sleep at an incline participated in an 8-week field study, using a pre-post intervention design. During the 4-week baseline period, participants used their regular bed base at home. During the 4-week intervention period, they used the Mattress Firm 600 Adjustable Base at home with head and/or feet raised (not flat). Sleep was measured objectively using SleepScore Max every night and by daily and pre-post self-report. Multilevel regression and paired t-tests were used to test for statistical significance. Results There were over 1,100 nights of tracked sleep across 26 participants. Objective sleep measurements showed many nightly improvements during the intervention compared to baseline: increased time in bed (+21 minutes, p=.003), total sleep time (+21 minutes, p=.001), and REM (+5 minutes, p=.009); less WASO, both in duration (-3 minutes, p=.046) and proportion of the night (p=.015); fewer awakenings (p=.034); and better sleep maintenance (p=.014). Improvements also were observed in 3 objective sleep quality measures: SleepScore, BodyScore, and MindScore (ps<.05).Self-report measures revealed greater comfort and enjoyment when using the adjustable base, as well as perceived improvement in a variety of outcomes, including time to fall asleep and falling asleep within a preferred amount of time, ability to sleep through the night, sleep duration, sleep quality and satisfaction, and feeling more rested in the morning (ps<.05). Conclusion Objectively-measured sleep and self-reported sleep improved in duration and quality when using the adjustable base compared to healthy adults’ original bed bases. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative self-report results suggested that the intervention was perceived as a comfortable and enjoyable experience. Support (If Any) Mattress Firm INC

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18

Zhu, Xiaohua, Keyu Shen, and Bo Li. "Investigation: Cutting Transport Mechanism in Inclined Well Section under Pulsed Drilling Fluid Action." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 11, 2021): 2141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082141.

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Due to gravity, drilling cuttings are easily accumulated in an inclined well section, ultimately forming a cuttings bed, which places the drill pipe under strong friction torque. In severe cases, this can cause dragging, stuck drills, and broken drill tools. Because conventional drilling fluids are difficult to prevent the formation of cuttings in inclined well sections, a method of carrying cuttings with the pulsed drilling fluid to improve wellbore cleanness is proposed. Experiments and numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effects of cuttings bed transport velocity, cuttings size, cuttings height, drill pipe rotation speed, cuttings bed mass, and roughness height. The optimal pulse parameters are determined per their respective impact on cuttings transport concerning varied periods, amplitudes, and duty cycles of the pulsed drilling fluid. Compared to cuttings transport under the conventional drilling fluid flow rate, the pulsed drilling fluid produces the turbulent dissipation rate, increases cuttings transport velocity, and thus improves the wellbore clearance rate.

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19

Nagata, Keigo, Tomoaki Tadama, Hisamichi Kobayashi, Yoshiyuki Bando, Masaaki Nakamura, and Shigeki Toyama. "Flow Properties of Moving-Fluidized Bed with Inclined Baffle Plates." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 31, no. 6 (1998): 1020–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.31.1020.

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20

Ikari, Hiroyuki, and Hitoshi Gotoh. "SPH-based simulation of granular collapse on an inclined bed." Mechanics Research Communications 73 (April 2016): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechrescom.2016.01.014.

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21

Yang, C. H., S. K. Rastogi, and D. Poulikakos. "Freezing of a water-saturated inclined packed bed of beads." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 36, no. 14 (September 1993): 3583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(93)90176-7.

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22

Bouteldja, Hana, Mohsen Hamidipour, and Faïçal Larachi. "Hydrodynamics of an inclined gas–liquid cocurrent upflow packed bed." Chemical Engineering Science 102 (October 2013): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2013.08.042.

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23

Zhukov, N. V., V. G. Budanov, and L. V. Golovacheva. "Bed strength of T-section foundation blocks under inclined loads." Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 25, no. 3 (May 1988): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01709715.

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24

Widhate, Parag, Haiping Zhu, Qinghua Zeng, and Kejun Dong. "Mixing of Particles in a Rotating Drum with Inclined Axis of Rotation." Processes 8, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 1688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121688.

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Various experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to study the mixing processes inside rotating drums with a horizontal axis of rotation in the past, but little effort has been made to investigate the rotating drums with an inclined axis of rotation, though such inclined drums exist in industrial waste management, food processing, power and pharmaceutical industries. To fill this gap, in this work, the discrete element method was used to study the mixing phenomena of a rotating drum for different angles of inclination from 0° to 15°. It was found that for inclined rotating drums, the whole bed Lacey mixing index is higher than that for the horizontal drum by 7.2% when the angle of inclination is 10°. The mixing index is related to the area ratio of the active region to the whole bed and volumetric fill. Increase in volumetric fill would lead to the decrease of the mixing index. The mixing index and area ratio exhibit similar patterns along the length of the drum for different angles of inclination.

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25

Hung, Pham. "The instability of a flow in an inclined alluvial channel." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 12, no. 2 (June 30, 1990): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/10279.

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The instability of a flow in an inclined alluvial channel is investigated by the characteristic and the Fourier methods. It is shown that the bed form development could influence significantly on the stability of the water surface.

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26

Abbasi, S., M. Masoomi, and S. A. Arjmandi. "Impact of a Single Spoiler on Scouring Depth Status Beneath a River Crossing Inclined Pipeline." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 5 (October 13, 2018): 3316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2152.

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Deep river crossing pipelines utilized to carry fluids are often placed upon the sand bed. Placement of pipe on the non-smooth bed would result in the production of some local gaps beneath the pipe. Asymmetric scouring is one of the main reasons for pipe underwater failures which are significant in pipeline management. So, in designing pipelines, knowing the interaction between pipelines and bed, and predicting the scour depth with respect to the pipe distance from the bed is significant to ensure that the pipe will finally deposit on the bed. Numerical models have been developed for predicting the balance depth of scouring beneath the pipelines. In this paper, the impact of pipe orientation on maximum scour depth beneath the pipelines is investigated. To do this, a pipe is modeled with various angles with the flow. To manage the local scouring, some spoilers are placed and modeled upon some pipes too. Also, in order to know the effects of placement of a pipe at various distances from the bed, the impact of placement of each pipe at a distance of 0.2D, 0.4D and 0.6D is investigated as well. To model the pipe with and without a spoiler, the finite element model Flow-3D is utilized and the results show good accordance with previous experimental studies and proof the current model’s precision in predicting the scour depth. Results show that in the placement of the pipe in angles not investigated before and also with the installing of a spoiler, the scour process has a reverse ratio with the distance which would result in full deposition of the pipe on the bed. The least scour depth belongs to the condition in which the pipe has a 130° angle with the side wall.

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27

Syed, Naveedul. "Simulations of multi-size solid particles in a modified fluidized bed separator." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 26, no. 3 (2020): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq190318004s.

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This study focusses on the description of the internal state of a modified fluidized bed separator also known as the reflux classifier. The device is a highperformance beneficiating technology employed in many mineral and coal processing industries. A 2D continuum model was used to examine the transport behavior of solid particles within the reflux classifier for a multicomponent mixture under continuous operating conditions. Three different types of feeds comprising solid particles of size ranging 49?421 ?m and densities equal to 1400, 2490 and 5000 kg/m3 were simulated simultaneously under identical process conditions. The feed flux and fluidization velocity were kept at 0.0037 m3/m2s and 0.022 m/s, respectively. A comparison of the simulation results showed that the value of separation size shifted towards lower values, 340, 181 and 90 ?m, when the density of the feed was changed from 1400 to 2490 and 5000 kg/m3, respectively. The data generated through simulations was used to demonstrate the movement of solid particle within the inclined section by plotting the net flux of the solid particles across the inclined channel width. It was observed that the net flux of finer solid particles was higher than the coarser ones within the inclined section.

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28

Rawat, Vishal Singh, Roshni Thendiyath, Priyal Bhatnagar, and Mahesh Kumar. "Hydro-environmental Characteristics for Flows Over Inclined Block Carpet." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 19, no. 2 (March 18, 2022): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw220021.

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A significant oxygenation is associated with flows over most of the hydraulic structures due to the entrainment of air into the flow. Block carpets are low-head hydraulic structures, which aim to control the sediment transport, dissipation of flow energy and contribute to considerable oxygenation. Studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of block carpet on the hydraulic jump, scouring phenomenon and variation in the hydro-environmental parameters. The study also investigates the aeration efficiency created by the hydraulic jump inflows over block carpet. Dissolved oxygen as a principal hydro-environmental parameter was measured and analysed upstream of the block carpet, along the BC (heel, mid and toe) and post hydraulic jump in the channel bed. The results show that in the tested range of slopes (20%, 25% and 30%) and block carpet material, the flow has attained a maximum aeration efficiency of 0.181. The characteristics of the hydraulic jump for different inclinations of block carpet and for two-channel bed sediment sizes were observed. Predominantly, for higher discharges and steep slopes, considerable scouring takes place downstream of the block carpet. Based on the physical features of the downstream scour, a qualitative description of three scour forms has been distinguished.

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29

Timaeus, Robert, Uwe Hampel, and Markus Schubert. "Inclined rotating fixed-bed reactor – Experimental characterization and model-based predictions." Chemical Engineering Journal 423 (November 2021): 130244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.130244.

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30

EHRENMARK, ULF T. "An alternative dispersion equation for water waves over an inclined bed." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 543, no. -1 (November 7, 2005): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112005006452.

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31

Doroodchi, E., J. Zhou, D. F. Fletcher, and K. P. Galvin. "Particle size classification in a fluidized bed containing parallel inclined plates." Minerals Engineering 19, no. 2 (February 2006): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2005.08.001.

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32

Nguyen, Dinh Tam, Boo Cheong Khoo, Khoa Le-Cao, Erwan Bertevas, and Nhan Phan-Thien. "Force measurements on an inclined plate moving a sediment/sand bed." Ocean Engineering 219 (January 2021): 108365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108365.

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33

Ramadan, A., P. Skalle, S. T. Johansen, J. Svein, and A. Saasen. "Mechanistic model for cuttings removal from solid bed in inclined channels." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 30, no. 3-4 (September 2001): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-4105(01)00108-5.

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34

P. Galvin, K., and G. Nguyentranlam. "Influence of parallel inclined plates in a liquid fluidized bed system." Chemical Engineering Science 57, no. 7 (April 2002): 1231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(02)00005-2.

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35

Shi, Jun-Rui, Mao-Zhao Xie, Zhi-Jia Xue, You-Ning Xu, and Hong-Sheng Liu. "Experimental and numerical studies on inclined flame evolution in packing bed." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 55, no. 23-24 (November 2012): 7063–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.07.020.

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36

Zanganeh, Jafar, and Behdad Moghtaderi. "Investigation of flame propagation over an inclined fuel wetted porous bed." Fire Safety Journal 67 (July 2014): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2014.05.019.

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37

Varela, Luis G., M. A. Gómez, Marco Garabatos, Daniel Glez-Peña, and J. Porteiro. "Improving the bed movement physics of inclined grate biomass CFD simulations." Applied Thermal Engineering 182 (January 2021): 116043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116043.

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38

Azadi, Amin, Bahar Firoozabadi, Ali Abdollahi Ashnani, and Shayan Habibi. "Effects of bed obstacles on the behaviour of inclined dense jets." Journal of Hydraulic Research 61, no. 2 (March 4, 2023): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2023.2180442.

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39

Ma, Zhibo, Shiheng Zhang, Chaofeng Gao, Xu Gu, Xiaojing Xiong, Yunjie Bi, and Jeremy Heng Rao. "The Influence of Structural Design on the Dimensional Accuracy of CuCrZr Alloy Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 14639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114639.

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With the upgrade of additive manufacturing (AM) equipment, pure copper and various Cu-based alloys with almost full density have been successfully produced, maintaining their excellent thermal and electrical conductivity and good mechanical properties at high temperatures as well. In this paper, a model with a series of inclined surface structures was designed and fabricated to investigate the structural design on the formability of CuCrZr alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The typical structure dimensions of the as-built samples were measured and compared with their corresponding dimensions and the inclined angle (α) and the relative angle (γ) between the inclined surface and recoating directions. The results demonstrate that the inclined structures with α < 50° were fabricated either with varying buckling deformation and powder adhesion or in failure for severe distortion. The differences (Ld) between the typical structure dimensions and their models increase with the decreasing of α. It has been observed that Ld reaches 1 mm when α is 20° and drastically reduces to around 200 μm when α is above 50°. When α < 50°, Ld is generally increasing with a rising γ value from 0° to 180°, significantly affecting the dimensional accuracy.

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M. Yudin, A. S., A. N. Oumer, N. F. M. Roslan, and M. A. Zulkarnain. "Computational and Experimental Study on Pressure Drop in a Fluidised Bed with Different Air Distributor Designs." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 17, no. 2 (August 6, 2020): 8043–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.17.2.2020.22.0603.

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Fluidised bed combustion (FBC) has been recognised as a suitable technology for converting a wide variety of fuels into energy. In a fluidised bed, the air is passed through a bed of granular solids resting on a distributor plate. Distributor plate plays an essential role as it determines the gas-solid movement and mixing pattern in a fluidised bed. It is believed that the effect of distributor configurations such as variation of free area ratio and air inclination angle through the distributor will affect the operational pressure drop of the fluidised bed. This paper presents an investigation on pressure drop in fluidised bed without the presence of inert materials using different air distributor designs; conventional perforated plate, multi-nozzles, and two newly proposed slotted distributors (45° and 90° inclined slotted distributors). A 3-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is developed and compared with the experimental results. The flow model is based on the incompressible isothermal RNG k-epsilon turbulent model. In the present study, systematic grid-refinement is conducted to make sure that the simulation results are independent of the computational grid size. The non-dimensional wall distance, is examined as a key factor to verify the grid independence by comparing results obtained at different grid resolutions. The multi-nozzles distributor yields higher distributor pressure drop with the averaged maximum value of 749 Pa followed by perforated, 45° and 90° inclined distributors where the maximum pressure drop recorded to be about one-fourth of the value of the multi-nozzles pressure drop. The maximum pressure drop was associated with the higher kinetic head of the inlet air due to the restricted and minimum number of distributor openings and low free area ratio. The results suggested that low-pressure drop operation in a fluidised bed can be achieved with the increase of open area ratio of the distributor.

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41

Arul, Ganapathy Ponnambalam, Selvam Thulasi, Pitchaipillai Kumar, Veeranan Arunprasad, Saboor Shaik, Mohamed Abbas, Parvathy Rajendran, Sher Afghan Khan, and C. Ahamed Saleel. "Investigation of Dual–Pass Inclined Oscillating Bed Solar Dryer for Drying of Non-Parboiled Paddy Grains." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 5558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095558.

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This Paper determines an experimental study of dual-pass solar dryer with a bed tilt of 0.5° and varying oscillating frequency of drying chamber namely 1.25, 1.75 and 2.25 Hz for drying an agricultural produce namely non–parboiled paddy grains. The oscillations and bed tilt are provided to move the grains from entry to exit of the top bed and moving down to bottom bed and finally exits from the dryer. The new technology has been used in the solar dryer for drying of agricultural produce such as non–parboiled paddy grains to increase the quality and to decrease the loss of the dried produce. The present dryer model was used for drying 45 kg of non–parboiled paddy grains from 19% (w.b) to the approved range of 12–14% of moisture content obtained in a single experimental day. The dried paddy grains obtained an average moisture content are 13.03, 13.22 and 13.51% at the frequency of oscillation of 1.25, 1.75, 2.25 Hz, respectively. The maximum thermal and pick-up efficiency of the model were obtained at 1.00 p.m. in all cases. For the frequency of oscillation of 1.25, 1.75 and 2.25 Hz, the maximum dryer thermal efficiency was 44.47, 43.39 and 41.39%, respectively, and the maximum pick–up efficiency was 80.41, 79.19 and 76.21%, respectively. The optimum drying performance was obtained at the oscillating frequency of 1.75 Hz with the bed tilt of 0.5°.

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Hsu, Tai-Wen, and Shan-Hwei Ou. "BEACH PROFILE CHARACTERISTICS DUE TO THE INCLINED WAVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.121.

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The result of a theoretical approach shows that the beach profile characteristics is governed by a modified Iribarren number which includes the effects among the factors of initial beach slope, wave angle and wave steepness. A series of experiments are conducted in a three-dimensional movable bed model on the conditions of two different initial beach slopes, two incident wave angles as well as several erosive wave steepnesses. The relative importance of each factor involved in the parameter is discussed. It is shown that the modified Iribarren number is effective in the analysis, of beach profile characteristics under the action of inclined waves. The empirical relationships between beach profile changes and the modified Iribarren number are proposed on the basis of experimental results.

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43

Mazo, V. L. "Waves on Glacier Beds." Journal of Glaciology 35, no. 120 (1989): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000004469.

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Abstract A joint dynamical system comprising both an eroding glacier and an eroded bed is considered to describe the formation of cirques and stepped longitudinal profiles of trough valleys. A glacier is modelled as a layer of a very viscous incompressible fluid flowing down an inclined bed. The rate of erosion is assumed to be determined by the basal shear stress. The dynamics of small longitudinal perturbations are studied. The analysis shows that the perturbations propagate up the glacier bed with velocities that are different for the perturbations of different spatial scales. As a result, a perturbation of a specific spatial scale stands out against the others and develops into the morphological forms considered here.

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44

Fauzi, Rifky, and L. H. Wiryanto. "MOMENTUM CONSERVATIVE SCHEME FOR SIMULATING GRANULAR LANDSLIDE OVER AN INCLINED RIGID BED." Advances and Applications in Fluid Mechanics 27, no. 1 (September 20, 2021): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/fm027010037.

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45

Khurram, Muhammad Shahzad, Jeong-Hoo Choi, Yoo Sube Won, A. Reum Jeong, Young Cheol Park, Ho-Jung Ryu, and Chang-Keun Yi. "Effects of angle on the transport velocity in an inclined fluidized-bed." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 32, no. 12 (November 12, 2015): 2542–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11814-015-0157-0.

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46

Yang, C. H., S. K. Rastogi, and D. Poulikakos. "Solidification of a binary mixture saturating an inclined bed of packed spheres." International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 14, no. 3 (September 1993): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-727x(93)90058-u.

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47

Habibi, Shayan, Amin Azadi, and Bahar Firoozabadi. "Identification of turbulent structures of inclined negatively buoyant jets with bed effects." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 208 (July 2023): 124040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124040.

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48

Wu, Fan, Yueping Qin, Hao Xu, Fengjie Zhang, and Xiangyu Chu. "Numerical Simulation of Deformation and Failure Mechanism of Main Inclined Shaft in Yuxi Coal Mine, China." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 5531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115531.

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Disturbance stresses can cause deformation and damage to a tunnel’s rock, potentially threatening the mine’s safety. This paper investigates the effects of disturbance damage on the main inclined shaft due to the excavation of an electromechanical chamber in a deep inclined shaft at Yuxi Mine. Specifically, a numerical model was constructed using Midas GTX NX and Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in Three Dimensions (FLAC3D) to match the actual engineering conditions, and to reveal the stresses and deformations in the surrounding rock of the main inclined shaft before and after the excavation of the main inclined shaft, the electromechanical chamber and the head chamber. The results revealed that the surrounding rock stress around the main inclined shaft is significantly influenced by excavation disturbance. The bottom bulge occurred due to the unstable vertical and shear stresses in the bottom coal bed moving into free space. After the excavation of the electromechanical chamber, the maximum displacement of the floor can be increased from 0.35468 m to 0.64301 m, nearly doubled, and a large area of surrounding rock deformation occurs in the inclined shaft falling roadway. Affected by excavation disturbance, the maximum deformation of floor can reach 1.06 m, with a wide fluctuation range. The main area of damage to the surrounding rock was identified, except for the main inclined shaft, which occurred near the intersection of the inclined shaft and the drop level location. This area is mainly affected by superimposed tensile stress damage, prone to large area floor heave and spalling. The research content is expected to provide certain theoretical support in taking measures to deal with the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock in a main inclined shaft.

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Diep, Nguyen Van, and Dang Huu Chung. "Stability of two-dimensional sediment flow down an inclined plane." Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 14, no. 1 (March 30, 1992): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/10223.

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In this paper the authors have studied the instability of 2-D flow with sediment transport, which is based on the generalized diffusion theory. The authors have constructed the boundary conditions of the bed concentration and diffusion flux at the free surface for dosing equations system. After that the authors have considered the instability and obtained the neutral-curve of stability in the plane (R1 k). The obtained results show that if there is no suspended sediment, the result will be identical to Chia-Shun Yih's.

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Singh, Ravi, Ramadan Ahmed, Hamidreza Karami, Mustafa Nasser, and Ibnelwaleed Hussein. "CFD Analysis of Turbulent Flow of Power-Law Fluid in a Partially Blocked Eccentric Annulus." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030731.

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This study focuses on analyzing the turbulent flow of drilling fluid in inclined wells using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique. The analysis is performed considering an annulus with a fixed eccentricity of 90% and varying fluid properties, diameter ratio, and bed thickness to examine velocity profile, pressure loss, and overall wall and average bed shear stresses. CFD simulation results are compared with existing data for validation. The pressure loss predicted with CFD agrees with the data. After verification, predictions are used to establish a correlation that can be applied to compute bed shear stress. The established correlation mostly displays a discrepancy of up to 10% when compared with simulation data. The correlation can be used to optimize hole cleaning and manage downhole pressure.

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