Journal articles on the topic 'Incisor retraction'
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Ruellas, Antônio Carlos de Oliveira, Matheus Melo Pithon, and Rogério Lacerda dos Santos. "Maxillary incisor retraction: evaluation of different mechanisms." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 18, no. 2 (April 2013): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512013000200021.
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OBJECTIVE: To mechanically evaluate different systems used for incisors retraction. METHODS: Three different methods for incisors retraction using 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel wire were evaluated. The samples were divided into three groups: Group A (retraction arch with 7-mm high vertical hooks); Group G3 (elastic chain attached to the miniimplant and to the 3-mm stainless steel hook soldered to the retraction arch); Group G6 (elastic chain attached to the mini-implant and to the 6-mm stainless steel hook soldered to the retraction arch). A dental mannequin was used for evaluation in order to simulate the desired movements when the device was exposed to a heat source. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test were used (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The results demonstrated that Groups G3 and G6 exhibited less extrusion and less incisor inclination during the retraction phase (p < 0.05). With regard to incisor extrusion, statistically significant differences were observed between Groups A and G3, and between Groups A and G6 (p < 0.05). Regarding incisor inclination, statistically significant differences were observed between the three systems evaluated (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Arches with 6-mm vertical hooks allow the force to be applied on the center of resistance of the incisors, thus improving mechanical control when compared with the other two systems.
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Schneider, Patricia Pigato, Luiz Gonzaga Gandini Júnior, André da Costa Monini, Ary dos Santos Pinto, and Ki Beom Kim. "Comparison of anterior retraction and anchorage control between en masse retraction and two-step retraction: A randomized prospective clinical trial." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/051518-363.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of this two-arm parallel trial was to compare en masse (ER) and two-step retraction (TSR) during space closure. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight adult patients with bimaxillary protrusion who were planned for treatment with extraction of four first premolars were enrolled. All patients were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either the ER (n = 24) group or the TSR (n = 24) group. The main outcome was the amount of posterior anchorage loss in the molars and the retraction of the incisors between ER and TSR; the difference in incisor and molar inclination was a secondary outcome. Lateral cephalometric radiographs and oblique cephalometric radiographs at 45° were taken before retraction (T1) and after space closure (T2). Cephalograms were digitized and superimposed on the anatomic best fit of the maxilla and mandible by one operator who was blinded to the treatment group. Results: Neither incisor nor molar crown movements showed any significant differences between the ER and TSR. There were no significant differences in the tipping of incisors and molars between the two groups. Conclusions: No significant differences existed in the amount of retraction of incisors and anchorage loss of molars between ER and TSR. Changes in incisor and molar tipping were similar, with the crowns showing more movement than the apex.
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Dhanani, Darshit, and G. Shivaprakash. "Cephalometric Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Remodeling following Anterior Teeth Retraction." CODS Journal of Dentistry 8, no. 1 (2016): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10063-0006.
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ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the extent of the alveolar bone remodeling after incisor retraction using lateral cephalograms. Materials and methods Lateral cephalograms of 30 patients with age of 16 years and above requiring therapeutic extraction of both maxillary and mandibular first premolars, mainly for the purpose of retraction of anterior teeth, had been taken at the start of treatment and after retraction of anterior teeth. Various hard tissue anatomical landmarks were traced, and linear parameters of pretreatment (T1) and postretraction (T2) lateral cephalometric radiographs were measured. The mean and standard deviation were calculated, the data were tabulated, and comparison of T1 and T2 readings was made utilizing paired Student’s t-test. Results When maxillary incisors are retracted, the labial bone thickness at the midroot level (MxL2) and at apical level (MxL3) increased during upper incisor retraction. There was a significant reduction in alveolar bone thickness on the lingual/palatal side after maxillary and mandibular incisor retraction. Conclusion When tooth movement is limited, forcing the tooth against the cortical bone may cause adverse sequelae. This type of approach must be carefully monitored to avoid negative iatrogenic effects. How to cite this article Dhanani D, Shivaprakash G. Cephalometric Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Remodeling following Anterior Teeth Retraction. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):21-24.
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Wang, Qingzhu, Peizeng Jia, Nina K. Anderson, Lin Wang, and Jiuxiang Lin. "Changes of pharyngeal airway size and hyoid bone position following orthodontic treatment of Class I bimaxillary protrusion." Angle Orthodontist 82, no. 1 (July 27, 2011): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/011011-13.1.
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Abstract Objectives: To test the hypothesis that the sagittal position of the anterior teeth has no effect on pharyngeal airway dimension or hyoid bone position and to investigate the influence of orthodontic retraction of the anterior teeth on each section of pharynx and hyoid position. Materials and Methods: Forty-four Class I bimaxillary protrusion adults, treated with preadjusted appliances and maximum anchorage after extraction of four premolars, were divided into two groups according to their vertical craniofacial skeletal patterns. Pretreatment and posttreatment variables were compared using paired t-test, and the relationship between pharyngeal airway size and dentofacial variables was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. The changes of pharyngeal airway size and hyoid position after treatment were compared between two groups using independent t-test. Results: Upon retraction of the incisors, the upper and lower lips were retracted by 2.60 mm and 3.87 mm, respectively. The tip of upper incisor was retracted by 6.84 mm and lower incisor retracted by 4.95 mm. There was significant decrease in SPP-SPPW, U-MPW, TB-TPPW, V-LPW, VAL, C3H, and SH (P < .05). No statistically significant different changes were observed in the dentofacial structures, pharyngeal airway, and hyoid position between the two groups after the treatment. There was a significant correlation between the retraction distance of lower incisor and the airway behind the soft palate, uvula, and tongue. Conclusions: The pharyngeal airway size became narrower after the treatment. Extraction of four premolars with retraction of incisors did affect velopharyngeal, glossopharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and hyoid position in bimaxillary protrusive adult patients.
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Eksriwong, Teerapat, and Udom Thongudomporn. "Alveolar bone response to maxillary incisor retraction using stable skeletal structures as a reference." Angle Orthodontist 91, no. 1 (September 9, 2020): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/022920-146.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate alveolar bone change in relation to root position change after maxillary incisor retraction via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using stable skeletal structures as a reference. Materials and Methods A total of 17 subjects (age 24.7 ± 4.4 years) who required retraction of the maxillary incisors were included. Labial and palatal alveolar bone changes and root change were assessed from preretraction and 3 months postretraction CBCT images. The reference planes were based on stable skeletal structures. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare changes within and between groups, as appropriate. Spearman rank correlations were used to identify the parameters that correlated with alveolar bone change. The significance level was set at .05. Results The labial alveolar bone change after maxillary incisor retraction was statistically significant (P < .05), and the bone remodeling/tooth movement (B/T) ratio was 1:1. However, the palatal bone remained unchanged (P > .05). The change in inclination was significantly related to labial alveolar bone change. Conclusions Using stable skeletal structures as a reference, the change in labial alveolar bone followed tooth movement in an almost 1:1 B/T ratio. Palatal alveolar bone did not remodel following maxillary incisor retraction. The change in inclination was associated with alveolar bone change.
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Kim, Kayoung, Sung-Hwan Choi, Eun-Hee Choi, Yoon-Jeong Choi, Chung-Ju Hwang, and Jung-Yul Cha. "Unpredictability of soft tissue changes after camouflage treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion with maximum anterior retraction using miniscrews." Angle Orthodontist 87, no. 2 (September 19, 2016): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/042516-332.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To compare soft and hard tissue responses based on the degree of maxillary incisor retraction using maximum anchorage in patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study sample was divided into moderate retraction (<8.0 mm; n = 28) and maximum retraction (≥8.0 mm; n = 29) groups based on the amount of maxillary incisor retraction after extraction of the maxillary and mandibular first premolars for camouflage treatment. Pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were analyzed. Results: There were 2.3 mm and 3.0 mm of upper and lower lip retraction, respectively, in the moderate group; and 4.0 mm and 5.3 mm, respectively, in the maximum group. In the moderate group, the upper lip was most influenced by posterior movement of the cervical point of the maxillary incisor (β = 0.94). The lower lip was most influenced by posterior movement of B-point (β = 0.84) and the cervical point of the mandibular incisor (β = 0.83). Prediction was difficult in the maximum group; no variable showed a significant influence on upper lip changes. The lower lip was highly influenced by posterior movement of the cervical point of the maxillary incisor (β = 0.50), but this correlation was weak in the maximum group. Conclusions: Posterior movement of the cervical point of the anterior teeth is necessary for increased lip retraction. However, periodic evaluation of the lip profile is needed during maximum retraction of the anterior teeth because of limitations in predicting soft tissue responses.
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Yodthong, Nuengrutai, Chairat Charoemratrote, and Chidchanok Leethanakul. "Factors related to alveolar bone thickness during upper incisor retraction." Angle Orthodontist 83, no. 3 (October 8, 2012): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/062912-534.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the factors related to changes in alveolar bone thickness during upper incisor retraction. Materials and Methods: The subjects consisted of 23 ongoing orthodontic patients (mean age 20.4 ± 2.7 years) whose upper incisors were bound for retraction. Changes in alveolar bone thickness in the retracted area were assessed using preretraction (T0) and postretraction (T1) cone-beam computed tomography images. Labial bone thickness (LBT), palatal bone thickness (PBT), and total bone thickness (TBT) were assessed at the crestal, midroot, and apical levels of the retracted incisors. Paired t-tests were used to compare T0 and T1 bone thickness measurements. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship of changes in alveolar bone thickness with the rate of tooth movement, change in inclination, initial alveolar bone thickness, and the extent of intrusion. Results: As the upper incisors were retracted, the LBT at the crestal level and TBT at the apical level significantly increased (P < .005). Changes in alveolar bone thickness were significantly associated with the rate of tooth movement, change in inclination, and extent of intrusion (P < .05) but not initial alveolar bone thickness (P > .05). Conclusion: Rate of tooth movement, change in inclination, and extent of intrusion are significant factors that may influence alveolar bone thickness during upper incisor retraction. These factors must be carefully monitored to avoid the undesirable thickening of alveolar bone.
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Li, F., H. K. Hu, J. W. Chen, Z. P. Liu, G. F. Li, S. S. He, S. J. Zou, and Q. S. Ye. "Comparison of anchorage capacity between implant and headgear during anterior segment retraction." Angle Orthodontist 81, no. 5 (February 7, 2011): 915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/101410-603.1.
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Abstract Objective: To compare the anchorage effects of the implants and the headgear for patients with anterior teeth retraction in terms of incisor retraction, anchorage loss, inclination of maxillary incisors, positional change of maxillary basal bone, and treatment duration. Materials and Methods: An electronic search for relative randomized controlled trials (RCTs) prospective and retrospective controlled trials was done through the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, Medline, and CNKI, regardless of language of study. Study selection, methodological quality assessment, and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently. Meta-analysis was performed when possible; otherwise descriptive assessment was done. Results: The search yielded 35 articles, of which eight met the inclusion criteria and were categorized into five groups according to types of intervention. For the midpalatal implant, the anchorage loss was much less than for the headgear group, with insignificant differences in terms of anterior teeth retraction, maxillary incisor inclination, positional change of basal bone, and treatment duration. For the mini-implant, greater anterior teeth retraction and less anchorage loss were demonstrated, with inconsistent results for the other measures. For the onplant, less anchorage loss was noted, with insignificant differences for the other measures. Conclusions: The skeletal anchorage of the midpalatal implant, mini-implant, and onplant offer better alternatives to headgear, with less anchorage loss and more anterior teeth retraction. There were inconsistent results from the included studies in terms of maxillary incisor inclination, positional change of maxillary basal bone, and treatment duration. More qualified RCTs are required to provide clear recommendations.
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Hodgkinson, Danielle, Fiona A. Firth, and Mauro Farella. "Effect of incisor retraction on facial aesthetics." Journal of Orthodontics 46, no. 1_suppl (April 3, 2019): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465312519840031.
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Incisor retraction may result in lip retraction, interlabial gap closure and increase of the nasolabial angle but a clear consensus on the effect of incisor retraction on facial aesthetics has not yet been achieved. Despite current evidence being weak, it seems to indicate that in a well-managed orthodontic case, with or without extractions, the soft-tissue and facial aesthetic changes are generally favourable or clinically insignificant.
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Lim, You Na, Byoung-Eun Yang, Soo-Hwan Byun, Sang-Min Yi, Sung-Woon On, and In-Young Park. "Three-Dimensional Digital Image Analysis of Skeletal and Soft Tissue Points A and B after Orthodontic Treatment with Premolar Extraction in Bimaxillary Protrusive Patients." Biology 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2022): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11030381.
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Aim. To investigate the effect of changes in incisor tip, apex movement, and inclination on skeletal points A and B and characterize changes in skeletal points A and B to the soft tissue points A and B after incisor retraction in Angle Class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. Methods. Twenty-two patients with Angle Class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion treated with four first premolar extractions were included in this study. The displacement of skeletal and soft tissue points A and B was measured using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using a three-dimensional coordinate system. The movement of the upper and lower incisors was also measured using CBCT-synthesized lateral cephalograms. Results. Changes in the incisal tip, apex, and inclination after retraction did not significantly affect the position of points A and B in any direction (x, y, z). Linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between skeletal point A and soft tissue point A on the anteroposterior axis (z). Skeletal point A moved forward by 0.07 mm, and soft tissue point A moved forward by 0.38 mm, establishing a ratio of 0.18: 1 (r = 0.554, p < 0.01). Conclusion. The positional complexion of the skeletal points A and B was not directly influenced by changes in the incisor tip, apex, and inclination. Although the results suggest that soft tissue point A follows the anteroposterior position of skeletal point A, its clinical significance is suspected. Thus, hard and soft tissue analysis should be considered in treatment planning.
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Gupta, Gaurav, Raj Kumar Singh, Ashima Relhan, Gurkeerat Singh, and Abhishek Goyal. "Comparison of Apical Root Resorption encountered during Maxillary Incisor retraction using Stainless Steel Boot Loop and TMA Boot Loop – A Case Series." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 6, no. 1 (December 12, 2016): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v6i1.16181.
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External apical root resorption (EARR) is probably the most common iatrogenic sequel of orthodontic treatment. The present case series focuses on the incisor retraction using frictionless mechanics. Boot loop made up of .019x.025 Stainless steel or TMA archwire were used for maxillary incisor retraction. Retraction with stainless steel boot loop showed greater root resorption as compared to TMA boot loop.Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol. 6 No. 1, June 2016, pp.45-48
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Lekhadia, Dhaval Ranjitbhai, and Gautham Hegde. "A Modified Three-piece Base Arch for en masse Retraction and Intrusion in a Class II Division 1 Subdivision Case." International Journal of Experimental Dental Science 6, no. 1 (2017): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1149.
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ABSTRACT This case report describes the orthodontic and orthopedic treatment of an 18-year-old male patient who presented with prognathic maxilla, deep bite, low mandibular plane angle, and proclined incisors. Modified three-piece base arch was used for the intrusion and retraction of maxillary incisor. En masse retraction was achieved in 6 months. Reduced time for retraction was attributed to a single stage of retraction unlike Burstone three-piece intrusion base arch where canines are individually retracted followed by retraction of incisors. A modified utility arch was used in lower arch followed by a continuous archwire technique. The case was finished using bite settling elastics on a continuous archwire. The step between canine and premolar was corrected in the finishing phase of treatment. The final treatment outcomes were satisfactory and true intrusion was achieved with proper selection of biomechanics. How to cite this article Lekhadia DR, Hegde G. A Modified Three-piece Base Arch for en masse Retraction and Intrusion in a Class II Division 1 Subdivision Case. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):26-32.
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Hatrom, Abdulkarim A., Khalid H. Zawawi, Reem M. Al-Ali, Hanadi M. Sabban, Talal M. Zahid, Ghassan A. Al-Turki, and Ali H. Hassan. "Effect of piezocision corticotomy on en-masse retraction:." Angle Orthodontist 90, no. 5 (March 26, 2020): 648–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/092719-615.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives To compare the amount of en-masse retraction with or without piezocision corticotomy, to assess the type of tooth movement, to evaluate root integrity after retraction, and to record reported pain levels. Materials and Methods This randomized, controlled clinical trial included 26 orthodontic patients requiring premolar extraction. The patients were divided into two groups: (1) an extraction with piezocision corticotomy group (PCG) and (2) an extraction-only group, which served as the control group (CG). Cone-beam computed tomography images were acquired before and 4 months after the initiation of en-masse retraction utilizing miniscrews. The following variables were assessed: the amount of en-masse retraction, incisor inclination, incisor and canine root resorption, and patient-reported pain. Results Twelve and 11 participants completed the entire study in the PCG and CG, respectively. The amount of en-masse retraction was significantly greater in the PCG compared to the CG (mean = 4.8 ± 0.57 mm vs 2.4 ± 0.33 mm, respectively [P < .001]). There was also significantly less tipping and root resorption of incisors in the PCG (P < .05). The reported pain was significantly higher on the first day in the PCG compared to the CG (P < .001); however, it became similar between the groups after 24 hours. Conclusions Piezocision corticotomy enhanced the amount of en-masse retraction two times more with less root resorption. However, future studies are required to assess the long-term effects of this technique.
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Mo, Sung-Seo, Min-Ki Noh, Seong-Hun Kim, Kyu-Rhim Chung, and Gerald Nelson. "Finite element study of controlling factors of anterior intrusion and torque during Temporary Skeletal Anchorage Device (TSAD) dependent en masse retraction without posterior appliances: Biocreative hybrid retractor (CH-retractor)." Angle Orthodontist 90, no. 2 (October 7, 2019): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/050619-315.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate, using the finite element method (FEM), the factors that allow control of the anterior teeth during en masse retraction with the Biocreative hybrid retractor (CH-retractor) using different sizes of nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires and various gable bends on the stainless-steel (SS) archwires. Materials and Methods: Using FEM, the anterior archwire section, engaged on the anterior dentition, was modeled in NiTi, and another assembly, the posterior guiding archwire, was modeled in SS. Two dimensions (0.016 × 0.022- and 0.017 × 0.025-inch NiTi) of the anterior archwires and different degrees (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°) of the gable bends on the guiding wire were applied to the CH-retractor on the anterior segment to evaluate torque and intrusion with 100-g retraction force to TSADs. Finite element analysis permitted sophisticated analysis of anterior tooth displacement. Results: With a 0° gable bend all anterior teeth experienced extrusion. The canines showed a larger amount of extrusion than did the central and lateral incisors. With a gable bend of >15°, all anterior teeth exhibited intrusion. Bodily movement of the central incisor required a 30°∼45° gable bend when using anterior segments of 0.016 × 0.022-inch NiTi and 15°∼30° gable bend with the 0.017 × 0.025-inch NiTi. Conclusions: With the CH-retractor, varying the size of the NiTi archwire and/or varying the amount of gable bend on the SS archwire affects control of the anterior teeth during en masse retraction without a posterior appliance.
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Bariar, Apurva, Siddarth Shetty, Asavari Desai, and Raviraja Adhikari. "Comparative Assessment of Three Microimplant Assisted Biomechanical Strategies for the Simultaneous Intrusion and Retraction of Anterior Teeth in Relation to Alveolar Bone Stress and Change in Incisor Inclinations – A 3D Finite Element Analysis Study." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 12, no. 2 (June 27, 2019): 747–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1697.
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Microimplants are widely used to provide absolute anchorage in cases with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion especially in those that require simultaneous retraction and intrusion of anterior teeth. The position of the microimplant significantly affects the build up of stress in the alveolar bone as well as the incisor inclinations, and is therefore a critical factor in treatment plannning. Keeping this in mind, this finite element method(FEM) study was taken up to identify the most suitable combination of implant placement sites for cases in which en-masse anterior retraction is done along with intrusion. The geometric model was constructed from a CBCT scan of the maxilla of an adult patient with full permanent dentition.The images were saved as DICOM files and were later exported to the 3D image processing software (Mimics,version 17). The center of resistance for the 6 anterior teeth was 9 mm superiorly and 13.5 mm posteriorly from the midpoint of crown tip of central incisors. The working archwires were assumed to be 0.019 / 0.025-in stainless steel. The three mini-implant placement sites compared were – S1- Midline micro implant between the maxillary central incisors with two placed posteriorly between maxillary 2nd premolar 1st molar roots. S2 – Micro implant placed between the lateral incisor and canine along with posterior mini implants as above. S3- Micro implant placed high up between the maxillary second premolar and first molar roots. The amount of tooth displacement after finite element analysis was compared with central and lateral incisor and canine axis graphs. For the system S1, intrusive components were seen on the archwire mainly in the anterior region with maximum displacement between central incisors and gradually decreasing away from point of force application. In S2, the intrusive component of force was more evenly distributed. In S3, pattern of intrusive component was similar to S2 but the maximum displacement was slightly lower. Greatest value of minimal principal stress was seen on cervical and apical third of central incisors as well as apical third of lateral incisors in S1; and cervical third of lateral incisors and apical and cervical third of canines in S2. Maximum retraction of anterior teeth was seen in S3. In all of the three systems of force application, tooth inclinations were maintained. Maxillary anterior teeth showed more tendency towards retraction in the case where two micro implants were placed posteriorly high up above the roots of maxillary premolars and molars such that the force is directed diagonally having both horizontal and vertical components, and hence eliminating the need for anterior implants. Greater intrusion tendency was seen when implants were placed between the roots of maxillary central incisors.
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Baby, Belwin ., B. Goutham, Sanju Somaiah, Sunil Muddaiah, B. K. Shetty, and A. R. Sanshavi Ponnamma. "Asymmetric Extraction - A Minimalistic Approach." JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY DENTAL RESEARCH 8, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.38138/jmdr/v8i2.22.33.
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Male patient, at age 20, in good general health with no significant medical history. The main complaint was related to missing teeth in the upper arch and crowding especially in the lower arch. Tooth leveling and alignment were completed in 8 months by sequential changing of copper niti wires. At the end of this phase, the anterior overjet was increased, and the molar relationship was still Class I. Space was created between the central incisors and lateral incisors for the prosthetic tooth in the upper arch using open coil spring. Meanwhile, the lower extraction space of the lower incisors was closed by retraction. Space created for prosthetic crown and space closure in lower arch. Once the space was closed the overjet was increased to 2-3mm. And the upper missing central incisor was replaced with the prosthetic crown. Keywords: Single incisor extraction, Reduced overjet, Missing upper incisors, Prosthetic rehabilitation
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Cho, Eun-Ae, Sung-Jin Kim, Yoon Jeong Choi, Kyung-Ho Kim, and Chooryung J. Chung. "Morphologic evaluation of the incisive canal and its proximity to the maxillary central incisors using computed tomography images." Angle Orthodontist 86, no. 4 (November 27, 2015): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/063015-433.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the morphologic features and the relative position of the incisive canal with regard to the maxillary incisor roots using computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: Morphologic evaluation of the incisive canal and its proximity to the maxillary central incisors were measured using CT images of 38 adults with skeletal and dental class I normal occlusion. Linear measurements were performed on the axial cross-sectional images corresponding to three vertical levels, the palatal opening of the incisive canal (L1), midlevel between the opening level and the root apex of the maxillary central incisors (L2), and the root apex of the maxillary central incisors (L3). Results: The percentage of subjects with an incisive canal width greater than the interroot distance of the central incisors was 86.8% and 63.2% at levels L1 and L2, respectively. The anteroposterior distance between the maxillary incisor roots and the boarder of the incisive canal was approximately 5–6 mm at levels L1 and L2. Conclusion: The anteroposterior distance between the maxillary central incisor roots and the incisive canal was approximately 5–6 mm. More than 60% of the subjects had an incisive canal width greater than the interroot distance. Evaluation of the proximity of the incisive canal to the maxillary incisors, along with its dimensional characteristics, may be helpful when a considerable amount of maxillary retraction is planned.
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S Nidavani, Shweta, MB Halkati, and Shkeel Ahmed Galagali. "Effect of Incisor Retraction on the Lips in Patients with Excessive Proclination." Indian Journal of Dental Education 12, no. 2 (2019): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijde.0974.6099.12219.1.
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Kuc, Anna Ewa, Jacek Kotuła, Marek Nahajowski, Maciej Warnecki, Joanna Lis, Ellie Amm, Beata Kawala, and Michał Sarul. "Methods of Anterior Torque Control during Retraction: A Systematic Review." Diagnostics 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071611.
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Background: There are various methods of controlling the inclination of the incisors during retraction, but there is no evidence as to the advantages of some methods over others. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of the methods used to control torque during anterior teeth retraction. Methods: In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, the main research question was defined in the PICO format [P: patients with complete permanent dentition; I: the maxillary incisor torque after (I) and before I retraction with straight-wire appliance and different modes of torque control; O: statistically significant differences in torque values of the upper incisors after orthodontic treatment]. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for keywords combining: retraction orthodontics, torque control orthodontics, torque orthodontics, inclination orthodontics, torque control retraction. The articles were subjected to risk of bias and quality analyses with the ROBINS-I protocol and the modified Newcastle–Ottawa QAS, respectively. Meta-analyses were performed with both fixed- and random-effects models. Results: 13 articles were selected in which total number of 580 subjects took part. In all studies, incisors were retroclined during retraction by 2.46° (mean difference), which was statistically significant. Considering the articles separately, the differences in torque between the study group and the control group were statistically significant in six articles. The Q statistic was 36.25 with p = 0.0003 and I2 = 66.9%, which indicated a high level of study heterogeneity. Conclusion: Both properly performed corticotomy and en-masse retraction using orthodontic microimplants seem to be the most effective and scientifically validated methods of torque control. Further high-quality research is needed to perform better quality analyses and draw more reliable conclusions.
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Upadhyay, Madhur, Sumit Yadav, and Ravindra Nanda. "Biomechanics of incisor retraction with mini-implant anchorage." Journal of Orthodontics 41, sup1 (September 2014): s15—s23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1465313314y.0000000114.
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Jung, Min-Ho. "A comparison of second premolar extraction and mini-implant total arch distalization with interproximal stripping." Angle Orthodontist 83, no. 4 (November 30, 2012): 680–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/091112-726.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The effect of total arch distalization using orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs) combined with interproximal stripping (IPS) and second premolar extraction was investigated in Class I malocclusion patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 66 consecutively treated Class I malocclusion (Class I molar relationship; 0 mm < overbite and overjet < 4.5 mm) patients ranging in age from 17 to 44 years who received single-phase treatment were included in this study. Pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms and dental casts were measured and compared statistically. Results: In the distalization with IPS group, 3.6 mm and 3.8 mm of crowding in the upper and lower arches, respectively, were resolved, and 3.8 mm and 3.2 mm of upper and lower incisor retraction, respectively, were achieved simultaneously by the treatment. As a result of the second premolar extraction treatment, 3.9 mm and 3.6 mm of crowding in the upper and lower arches, respectively, were resolved, and 3.3 mm and 3.2 mm of incisor retraction, respectively, were achieved during treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of crowding and incisor retraction between the two groups. Conclusions: Total arch distalization using an OMI with IPS did not yield a significantly different treatment result compared to second premolar extraction treatment.
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Sia, Sheau Soon, Yoshiyuki Koga, and Noriaki Yoshida. "Determining the Center of Resistance of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Subjected to Retraction Forces in Sliding Mechanics." Angle Orthodontist 77, no. 6 (November 1, 2007): 999–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/112206-478.
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Abstract Objective: To determine the location of center of resistance and the relationship between height of retraction force on power arm (power-arm length) and movement of anterior teeth (degree of rotation) during sliding mechanics retraction. Materials and Methods: Three human subjects with maxillary protrusion were selected for this study. Initial tooth displacements of maxillary right central incisor under sliding mechanics with various heights of retraction forces were measured in vivo using a two-point three-dimensional displacement magnetic sensor device. By calculating the angle of rotation from the displacements measured, the location of the center of resistance was determined. Results: The results suggested that different heights of retraction forces could affect the direction of anterior tooth movement. The higher the retraction force was applied, the lower the degree of rotation (crown-lingual tipping) would be. The tooth rotation was in the opposite direction (from crown-lingual to crown-labial) if the height of the force was raised above the level of the center of resistance. Conclusion: The location of the center of resistance of the maxillary central incisor was approximately 0.77 of the root length from the apex. During anterior tooth retraction with sliding mechanics, controlled crown-lingual tipping, bodily translation movement, and controlled crown-labial movement could be achieved by attaching a power-arm length that was lower, equivalent, or higher than the level of the center of resistance, respectively. The power-arm length could be the most easily modifiable clinical factor in determining the direction of anterior tooth movement during retraction with sliding mechanics.
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Ali, Meer Juned, Amit Bhardwaj, Mohammad Shoyab Khan, Farhan Alwadei, Khalid Gufran, Abdullah Saad Alqahtani, Nasser Raqe Alqhtani, Mohammed Alasqah, Abdulaziz Mohammad Alsakr, and Rawda Omar Alghabban. "Evaluation of Stress Distribution of Maxillary Anterior Segment during en Masse Retraction Using Posterior Mini Screw: A Finite Element Study." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 10372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010372.
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The current study aimed to perceive and estimate the distribution of stress generated by the forces on the maxillary anterior teeth during orthodontic retraction using the bilateral mini screw implant. Finite element models were generated from the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the maxillary arch via cone–beam computed tomography (CBCT). These models imitate the retraction of maxillary anterior teeth with the mini screw placed as the skeletal anchorage. The titanium mini screw of 1.3 mm × 8 mm dimension was placed at a height of 9 mm between the first molar and second premolar on both sides of the maxilla. A nickel titanium (NiTi) coil spring of 9 mm length was attached from the mini screw implant to the power arm which generated a force of 250 gm/side. Two different power arms were placed between the lateral incisor and canine at a height of 4 mm (group 1) and 8 mm (group 2), respectively. There were no significant differences observed when the stress values were compared to the left side and the right side in group 1 with a power arm of 4 mm. In group 2, the stresses around the lateral incisors were found to be on the higher side when compared with the central incisors and canines. The length of the power arm shows no significant difference in stress distribution pattern on the left and right sides except for stresses moving from the canine region to the lateral incisor region with the increase in power arm height.
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Sari, Suci Purnama, Mimi Marina Lubis, and Muslim Yusuf. "Labial and palatal alveolar bone changes during maxillary incisor retraction at the Universitas Sumatera Utara Dental Hospital." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 55, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i3.p148-153.
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Background: The fundamental concept of tooth movement during orthodontic treatment is the occurrence of bone remodelling accompanied by tooth movement in equal proportions. The thickness of the alveolar bone, which supports incisors, is important in estimating the direction of tooth movement. Purpose: The study aimed to measure labial and palatal alveolar bone thickness changes after maxillary incisor retraction using lateral cephalograms. Methods: Cephalograms of 40 patients (18.58 ± 4.2 years) with skeletal Class I bimaxillary protrusion after maxillary first premolar extraction for insisivus retraction had been taken before (T0) and after (T1) orthodontic treatment. Changes in alveolar bone thickness were measured in linear and angular directions and then analysed with Spearman correlative analysis. Then the samples were separated into two groups based on the type of tooth movement (tipping and torque), and then the data were analysed using Wilcoxon analysis to see differences in the bone thickness (p<0.05). Results: There was a significant difference in the apical palate (p<0.05) and a relationship between retraction and alveolar bone thickness in the midroot area. In the angular direction, there was no significant difference and relationship; however, there was a significant difference in the labial crestal in the tipping group. In the torque group, the difference in bone thickness occurred in the crestal and apical palatal areas. Conclusion: The retraction and the type of tooth movement difference influence the alveolar bone thickness.
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Bittencourt, Marcos Alan Vieira, Arthur Costa Rodrigues Farias, and Marcelo de Castellucci e. Barbosa. "Conservative treatment of a Class I malocclusion with 12 mm overjet, overbite and severe mandibular crowding." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 17, no. 5 (October 2012): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512012000500007.
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INTRODUCTION: A female patient aged 12 years and 2 months had molars and canines in Class II relationship, severe overjet (12 mm), deep overbite (100%), excessive retroclination and extrusion of the lower incisors, upper incisor proclination, with mild midline diastema. Both dental arches appeared constricted and a lower arch discrepancy of less than -6.5 mm. Facially, she had a significant upper incisors display at rest, interposition and eversion of the lower lip, acute nasolabial angle and convex profile. OBJECTIVE: To report a clinical case consisting of Angle Class I malocclusion with deep overbite and overjet in addition to severe crowding treated with a conservative approach. METHODS: Treatment consisted of slight retraction of the upper incisors and intrusion and protrusion of the lower incisors until all crowding was eliminated. RESULTS: Adequate overbite and overjet were achieved while maintaining the Angle Class I canine and molar relationships and coincident midlines. The facial features were improved, with the emergence of a slightly convex profile and lip competence, achieved through a slight retraction of the upper lip and protrusion of the lower lip, while improving the nasolabial and mentolabial sulcus. CONCLUSIONS: This conservative approach with no extractions proved effective and resulted in a significant improvement of the occlusal relationship as well as in the patient's dental and facial aesthetics.
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Brock, Ralph Avon, Reginald W. Taylor, Peter H. Buschang, and Rolf G. Behrents. "Ethnic differences in upper lip response to incisor retraction." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 127, no. 6 (June 2005): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.01.026.
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Tominaga, Jun-ya, Motohiro Tanaka, Yoshiyuki Koga, Carmen Gonzales, Masaru Kobayashi, and Noriaki Yoshida. "Optimal Loading Conditions for Controlled Movement of Anterior Teeth in Sliding Mechanics." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 1102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/111608-587r.1.
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Abstract Objective: To determine optimal loading conditions such as height of retraction force on the power arm and its position on the archwire in sliding mechanics. Materials and Methods: A 3D finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate en masse anterior teeth retraction in sliding mechanics. The degree of labiolingual tipping of the maxillary central incisor was calculated when the retraction force was applied to different heights of a power arm set mesial or distal to the canine. Results: When the power arm was placed mesial to the canine, at the level of 0 mm (bracket slot level), uncontrolled lingual crown tipping of the incisor was observed and the anterior segment of the archwire was deformed downward. At a power arm height of 5.5 mm, bodily movement was produced and the archwire was less deformed. When the power arm height exceeded 5.5 mm, the anterior segment of the archwire was raised upward and lingual root tipping occurred. When the power arm was placed distal to the canine, lingual crown tipping was observed up to a level of 11.2 mm. Conclusions: Placement of the power arm of an archwire between the lateral incisor and canine enables orthodontists to maintain better control of the anterior teeth in sliding mechanics. Both the biomechanical principles associated with the tooth's center of resistance and the deformation of the archwire should be taken into consideration for predicting and planning orthodontic tooth movement.
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Huang, Yi-Ping, and Wei-ran Li. "Correlation between objective and subjective evaluation of profile in bimaxillary protrusion patients after orthodontic treatment." Angle Orthodontist 85, no. 4 (October 27, 2014): 690–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/070714-476.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To correlate the objective cephalometric measurements with subjective facial esthetics in patients with bimaxillary protrusion. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 60 Asian-Chinese patients with bimaxillary protrusion who met the inclusion criteria. The facial esthetics of posttreatment profile and the change of profile on standardized lateral photographs were rated by a panel of 10 orthodontists and a panel of 10 lay persons with bimaxillary protrusion. All of the pretreatment and posttreatment cephalograms were digitized and traced. Twenty-five cephalometric measurements were constructed and analyzed. Correlations between the subjective facial esthetic scores and each cephalometric measurement were evaluated. Results: The cephalometric measurements correlated with the facial esthetic scores of posttreatment profile given by the orthodontist and the lay persons were basically the same. For the evaluation of posttreatment profile in bimaxillary protrusion patients, the upper and lower lip to E-line, upper and lower incisor tip to AP plane, Pg-NB distance, mentolabial angle, and sulcus depth correlated significantly with the esthetic score. For the evaluation of profile change during orthodontic treatment, retraction of upper incisor relative to AP plane or the perpendicular line through sella (line Y), change of upper incisor inclination, change of mentolabial sulcus depth, and retraction of lips relative to E-line were correlated positively with the esthetic value. Conclusions: Cephalometric measurements of lip position, incisor position, and chin morphology were key parameters correlated to facial esthetics.
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Zhang, Fan, Suk-Cheol Lee, Jun-Beom Lee, and Kyung-Min Lee. "Geometric analysis of alveolar bone around the incisors after anterior retraction following premolar extraction." Angle Orthodontist 90, no. 2 (November 26, 2019): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/041419-266.1.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate changes in shape and alterations in thickness and vertical marginal bone levels of the alveolar bone around the maxillary and mandibular incisors before and after orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction using geometric morphometric analysis. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six patients with Class I bialveolar protrusion who underwent orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction were included. Cone-beam computed tomographic scans were obtained from the patients before and after treatment. Five fixed landmarks and 70 semilandmarks were used to represent the morphology of the alveolar bone around the maxillary and mandibular incisors. The coordinates of the landmarks of the alveolar bones were generated by Procrustes fit. The labial and lingual alveolar bone thicknesses around the maxillary and mandibular incisors and vertical marginal bone level were assessed quantitatively. Results: There was a significant difference in shape change of the alveolar bone before and after treatment. The deformation grid of the thin plate spline showed that the thickness and vertical marginal bone decreased on the lingual side after treatment. Shape changes were greater for the lingual alveolar bone on the mandibular incisor than for the maxillary incisors. Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction might cause loss of alveolar bone around the maxillary and mandibular incisors. Careful consideration is needed to avoid iatrogenic degeneration of periodontal support around the incisors, particularly in the lingual area.
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Ghannam, Mohammad, and Beste Kamiloğlu. "Effects of Skeletally Supported Anterior en Masse Retraction with Varied Lever Arm Lengths and Locations in Lingual Orthodontic Treatment: A 3D Finite Element Study." BioMed Research International 2021 (May 17, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9975428.
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Objective. This study is aimed at analyzing different points of force application during miniscrew supported en masse retraction of the anterior maxillary teeth to identify the best line of action of force in lingual orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods. Three-dimensional (3D) finite element models were created to stimulate en masse retraction with different heights and positions of the miniscrew and lever arm to change the force application points; a 150 g retraction force was applied from the miniscrew to the lever arms, and the initial tooth displacements were analyzed. Results. Lingual crown tipping and occlusal crown extrusion were seen at all heights and positions of the miniscrew and lever arm, but when the miniscrew height was at 8 mm and the power arm was located between the lateral incisors and canines, these tipping patterns were less than those obtained with a 4.5 mm high miniscrew and a lever arm located distal to the canines. Conclusion. All miniscrew heights and lever arm positions showed initial lingual crown tipping and labial root tipping with occlusal crown extrusion. However, the 8 mm miniscrew height and the lever arm located between the lateral incisor and canine showed fewer amounts of these tipping patterns than a 4.5 mm miniscrew height and lever arm located distal to the canines. Therefore, this could be the preferred point of force application during en masse retraction in lingual treatment with additional torque control methods.
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McCartney, T. P. G. "Occlusal support for the anterior bite plane during incisor retraction." European Journal of Orthodontics 7, no. 4 (November 1, 1985): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejo/7.4.255.
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Lentle, R. G., K. J. Stafford, M. A. Potter, B. P. Springett, and S. Haslett. "Incisor and molar wear in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii Desmarest)." Australian Journal of Zoology 46, no. 6 (1998): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo98025.
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The morphology of incisor and molar teeth of tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii Desmarest) is similar to that of the archetypal grazing macropod (M. giganteus) but there are some resemblances in the wear pattern of molars to that of grazer/browsers. Incisor wear patterns show that cutting during biting is by scissor-like action of the elevated labial enamel edge of an attrition facet on each lower incisor being occluded with, and rotated supero-medially across, the buccal surface of the upper incisor arcade. With increase in age and body size, the cutting surface moves from anterior to lateral upper incisors, progressive wear on the inner surface of the lateral upper incisors permitting an increasing degree of incisor action coincident with medial molar movement in Phase 2 occlusion, which is similarly achieved by medial rotation of the jaw. Significant distal movement of the reference point for molar index, along the line of the upper jaw, with increase in body size, indicates that this index does not measure the absolute mesial movement of molars in the plane of occlusion. The estimated value of absolute mesial movement of the first upper premolar along the line of the jaw (2.45 mm year–1) is at the known limits of mesial drift. Studies of size-related changes in the linear dimensions of various bony landmarks on jawbone and skull indicate that the high rate of movement may result from deposition of bone in the rear of the tooth row, i.e. ‘mesial shift’, as well as mesial drift. However, mesial shift may not account for significant differences in rates of absolute mesial movement of upper molars with gender. With increase in body size, the caudal insertions of the masseter and temporalis and the cranial origin of the line of action of masseter all move distally along the plane of occlusion. However, a concurrent mesial movement in the cranial origin of the line of action of the temporalis may act to counter any distal movement of occlusive force along the jaw-line and to decrease the relative force of the retraction component that opposes Phase 1 occlusion.
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Jiang, Feifei, W. Eugene Roberts, Yanzhi Liu, Abbas Shafiee, and Jie Chen. "Mechanical environment for lower canine T-loop retraction compared to en-masse space closure with a power-arm attached to either the canine bracket or the archwire." Angle Orthodontist 90, no. 6 (September 9, 2020): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/050120-377.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives To assess the mechanical environment for three fixed appliances designed to retract the lower anterior segment. Materials and Methods A cone-beam computed tomography scan provided three-dimensional morphology to construct finite element models for three common methods of lower anterior retraction into first premolar extraction spaces: (1) canine retraction with a T-loop, (2) en-masse space closure with the power-arm on the canine bracket (PAB), and (3) power-arm directly attached to the archwire mesial to the canine (PAW). Half of the symmetric mandibular arch was modeled as a linear, isotropic composite material containing five teeth: central incisors (L1), lateral incisor (L2), canine (L3), second premolar (L4), and first molar (L5). Bonded brackets had 0.022-in slots. Archwire and power-arm components were 0.016 × 0.022 in. An initial retraction force of 125 cN was used for all three appliances. Displacements were calculated. Periodontal ligament (PDL) stresses and distributions were calculated for four invariants: maximum principal, minimum principal, von Mises, and dilatational stresses. Results The PDL stress distributions for the four invariants corresponded to the displacement patterns for each appliance. T-loop tipped the canine(s) and incisors distally. PAB rotated L3 distal in, intruded L2, and extruded L1. PAW distorted the archwire resulting in L3 extrusion as well as lingual tipping of L1 and L2. Maximum stress levels in the PDL were up to 5× greater for the PAW than the T-loop and PAB methods. Conclusions T-loop of this type is more predictable because power-arms can have rotational and archwire distortion effects that result in undesirable paths of tooth movement.
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Dai, Fan-Fan, Tian-Min Xu, and Guang Shu. "Comparison of achieved and predicted tooth movement of maxillary first molars and central incisors: First premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 5 (March 28, 2019): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/090418-646.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To compare achieved and predicted tooth movements of maxillary first molars and central incisors in first premolar extraction cases treated with Invisalign. Materials and Methods: The present study included 30 patients who received maxillary first premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign. The actual posttreatment model was registered with the pretreatment model on the palatal stable region and superimposed with the virtual posttreatment model. Achieved and predicted tooth movements of maxillary first molars and central incisors were compared using paired t-test. Linear mixed-effect model analyses were used to explore the influence of age (adolescents vs adults), attachment (G6-optimized vs 3-mm vertical, 3-mm horizontal, and 5-mm horizontal), and initial crowding on the differences between predicted and achieved tooth movement (DPATM). Results: First molars achieved greater mesial tipping, mesial translation, and intrusion than predicted. Central incisors achieved less retraction and greater lingual crown torque and extrusion than predicted. Adolescents showed greater DPATM in the mesiodistal translation of first molars and labiolingual translation of central incisors and smaller DPATM in the occlusogingival translation of the first molars and crown torque of the central incisors than adults. The 3-mm vertical attachment group showed greater DPATM in the mesiodistal translation of the first molars vs the G6-optimized attachment group. Initial crowding had an inverse correlation with DPATM in angulation and mesiodistal translation of the first molars. Conclusions: First molar anchorage control and central incisor retraction were not fully achieved as predicted in first premolar extraction treatment with Invisalign. Age, attachment, and initial crowding affected the differences between predicted and achieved tooth movement.
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Shankar, T., Snigdha Gowd, Suravi Chatterjee, Pritam Mohanty, Nivedita Sahoo, and Srinivas Baratam. "Gingival Zenith Positions and Levels of Maxillary Anterior Dentition in Cases of Bimaxillary Protrusion: A Morphometric Analysis." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 8 (2017): 700–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2110.
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ABSTRACT Aim To investigate the two clinical parameters, such as gingival zenith positions (GZPs) and gingival zenith levels (GZLs), of maxillary anterior dentition in bimaxillary protrusion cases and collate it with severiety of crown inclination. Materials and methods Gingival zenith position and GZL in 40 healthy patients (29 females and 11 males) with an average age of 21.5 years were assessed. Inclusion criteria involved absence of periodontal diseases, Angle's class I molar relationship, and upper anterior proclination within 25 to 45° based on Steiner's analysis; exclusion criteria included spacing, crowding, anterior restoration and teeth with incisor attrition or rotation. The GZP was evaluated using digital calipers from voxelbased morphometry (VBM), and GZL was assessed from the tangent drawn from GZP of central incisor and canines to the linear vertical distance of GZP of lateral incisor. Results All the central incisors showed a GZP distal to VBM with a mean average of 1 mm. Severe proclination between 40 and 45° showed a statistically significant variation. Lateral incisors displayed a mean of 0.5 mm deviation of GZP from the vertically bisected midline. In 80% of canine population, GZP was centralized. Conclusion We conclude that the degree of proclination of maxillary anterior dentition was correlated to the gingival contour in bimaxillary cases. The investigation revealed that there is a variation in the location of GZP as the severity of proclination increases. Clinical significance This study highlights the importance of microesthetics in fixed orthodontic treatment. The gingival contour should be unaltered while retraction during management of bimaxillary protrusion. How to cite this article Gowd S, Shankar T, Chatterjee S, Mohanty P, Sahoo N, Baratam S. Gingival Zenith Positions and Levels of Maxillary Anterior Dentition in Cases of Bimaxillary Protrusion: A Morphometric Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(8):700-704.
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Li, Chenshuang, Wenlu Jiang, Shih-Chin Chen, Krisena Borenstein, Nipul Tanna, Chun-Hsi Chung, and Won Moon. "En-Mass Retraction of Maxillary Anterior Teeth with Severe Proclination and Root Resorption—A Case Report." Diagnostics 12, no. 5 (April 22, 2022): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051055.
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Molar distalization has been a validated method to correct dental sagittal relationships and create space to relieve mild to moderate crowding. In the current case report, an adult female patient had a mild skeletal Class III relationship and dental Class III molar relationship. Four premolars and one lower incisor were extracted during the previous two rounds of orthodontic treatments, and the maxillary anterior teeth were left with severe proclination and root resorption. Limited by the available teeth, extraction was not an option for her. Thus, molar distalization with TADs was the best option used in the treatment to address her chief complaint. In addition, a proper bite opening was performed to eliminate occlusion trauma. Utilizing the mid-palatal TADs, the maxillary central incisors were retracted 7.9 mm and retroclined 33 degrees, and the molar distalization was achieved as much as 8 mm. The cross-section slices of CBCT images confirmed the proper retraction of maxillary incisors and well-positioned roots in the alveolar bone. Moreover, the root resorption was not worsened from the treatment. Clinically, the maxillary anterior teeth were preserved esthetically and functionally. This case report illustrates that with proper diagnosis and treatment mechanics, significant tooth movement can be achieved even on extremely proclined maxillary incisors with severe root resorption.
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Lu, Yun, Haohao Liu, Jialiang Liu, and Meihua Chen. "Augmented Corticotomy on the Lingual Side in Mandibular Anterior Region Assisting Orthodontics in Protrusive Malocclusion: A Case Report." Medicina 58, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091181.
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Adequate alveolar bone volume is a prerequisite condition for successful orthodontic tooth movement and posttreatment stability. Mandibular anterior teeth are more likely to exhibit dehiscence and fenestration in adult patients, which make orthodontic treatment in adults challenging, especially when the amount of retraction of the anterior teeth is large. Herein, we report the treatment of augmented corticotomy only on the lingual side in the mandibular anterior region to increase the volume of soft and hard tissue assisting orthodontics in a Class I bialveolar protrusive malocclusion and propose management strategies of mandibular incisor retractions. A 22-year-old female with a chief complaint of protrusive mouth presented to the Department of Orthodontics for orthodontic treatment, diagnosed with Class I bialveolar protrusive. The orthodontic treatment plan involved the extraction of four premolars and extensive retraction of the anterior teeth using microimplant anchorage. In consideration of the fenestration and dehiscence in the mandibular anterior alveolar bone and the pattern of tooth movement, augmented corticotomy was performed on the lingual side combined with bone grafting. Clinical and radiographic evaluation after treatment revealed significant improvements in the facial profile and in periodontal phenotype. Augmented corticotomy assisting orthodontic treatment could be a promising treatment strategy for adult patients with alveolar protrusion to maintain periodontal health.
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V P, Shahanamol, Vincy Antony, Gazanafer Roshan, and Junaid Ali. "Orthodontic management of skeletal Class II malocclusion using three mini-implants- A case report." IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research 7, no. 4 (January 15, 2022): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2021.053.
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Vertical dimension issues are frequently regarded as the most difficult dentofacial problems to treat in clinical practice. The difficulty level increases when vertical dysplasia is paired with sagittal discrepancy. The use of mini-implants in Orthodontics has broadened the scope of orthodontic treatment options. The treatment of a 14-year-old female patient with skeletal Class II malocclusion, slight hyperdivergent profile, and enhanced incisor visibility with four premolar extraction followed by comprehensive orthodontic treatment to correct the convex profile and increased incisor visibility, with two posterior implants for retraction and a midline mini implant for intrusion of the anterior maxillary dentoalveolar segment is described in this case report. The active therapy period was 25 months long.
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Karandikar, Girish Ramchandra, Azeem Sajjad Patel, VK Ravindranath, and Anil S. Malik. "Comparative Assessment of Efficacy of Four Different Designs of Retraction Loops made of Beta Titanium Archwire: A Finite Element Study." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 4, no. 1 (2014): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1060.
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ABSTRACT Objective To compare the forces, moments and moment/ force (M/F) ratio and load deflection rate of T-loop, keyhole loop, teardrop loop and mushroom loop with the finite element method (FEM). Materials and Methods FEM was used to compare 3D models of closing loops in rectangular (0.017 × 0.025 inch) beta titanium wire. The T-loop, mushroom loop, keyhole loop and teardrop loop were 7 mm in height. The forces, the moments and the M/F ratios at each tooth node were recorded with an activation of 2 mm. Results The highest force and moments was produced by the keyhole loop and the lowest force was produced by the mushroom loop. Conclusion All the four retraction loops exerted the greatest force levels at the molar node. The maximum value for M/F ratio is seen at the central incisor followed by lateral incisor, molar and canine node. The keyhole loop demonstrated the least load deflection rate making it the most efficient design. How to cite this article Patel AS, Ravindranath VK, Karandikar GR, Malik AS. Comparative Assessment of Efficacy of Four Different Designs of Retraction Loops made of Beta Titanium Archwire: A Finite Element Study. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(1): 6-9.
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Jongphairotkhosit, Jutharat, Supanee Suntornlohanakul, and Nattaporn Youravong. "Prediction of Lip Changes after Incisor Retraction in Class II Division 1." International Journal of Experimental Dental Science 7, no. 2 (2018): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1175.
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Jacobson, Alex. "Profile changes associated with maxillary incisor retraction in the postadolescent orthodontic patient." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 114, no. 4 (October 1998): 470–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-5406(98)70046-0.
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Kalina, Edyta, Anna Grzebyta, and Małgorzata Zadurska. "Bone Remodeling during Orthodontic Movement of Lower Incisors—Narrative Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 15002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215002.
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The tooth movement in the alveolus is possible due to bone remodeling. This process could be the risk factor for the formation of gingival recessions—the most common side effects of orthodontic therapy. Gingival recessions are found 5.8–11.5% more frequently among the orthodontically treated patients. What is more, anterior mandibular teeth are the ones most prone to gingival recession dehiscences and fenestrations. The aim of this narrative review was to evaluate, based on CBCT (Cone beam computed tomography) scans, the changes in the alveolar bone of lower incisors in adolescent and adult patients after orthodontic tooth movements. From the pool of 108 publications, a total of 15 fulfilled the criteria of this review. Both retrospective and prospective longitudinal studies—using CBCT or CT (Computed Topography) and evaluating alveolar bone changes in mandibular incisors during orthodontic treatment performed before and after teeth movement—were included. In the group of growing patients, either proclination or retroclination of mandibular incisors led to increase of the distance from CEJ (cementoenamel junction) to marginal bone crest. The difference in bone loss was greater on the lingual side of the incisors in both types of tooth movement. The results were similar for adults patients. The thickness of the alveolar bone was reduced after proclination (total bone thickness) among growing and non-growing patients and retraction (lingual and buccal) of lower anterior teeth in the group of growing patients. The only improvement was measured for buccal thickness of mandibular incisor in bimaxillary protrusion patients treated with extraction therapy. The control of retraction movement (more root than crown movement) enhanced preservation on bone height and thickness. In order to minimize possible deterioration and place teeth in the center of alveolus, CBCT monitoring and scrupulous clinical evaluation are recommended.
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Ahsan, Zoyia, Mehwish Khan, Abdullah Jan, Tooba Ishtiaq Shah, and Saad Naeem. "THE USE OF MICRO-OSTEOPERFORATION CONCEPT FOR ACCELERATING DIFFERENTIAL TOOTH MOVEMENT." PAFMJ 71, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i3.3341.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To compare the rate of accelerated tooth movement in canine retraction with micro-osteoperforation on one side and control on the other.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Orthodontics department, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2018 to Jan 2019.
Methodology: A total of 30 patients were inducted. After alignment and extraction of maxillary first premolars, canine retraction was started with closed NiTi coil spring on both sides of the maxillary arch. Micro-osteoperforation was done on the right side and other side was a control side. The distance between the lateral incisor and the canine was measured on both sides before micro-osteoperforation. The same measurements were recorded after three weeks of retraction. The difference between pre and post retraction measurements was recorded. The difference in the rate of canine retraction between both modalities was compared using independent sample t-test.
Results: The study included 17 males (56%) and 13 females (43%). The mean rate of tooth movement at experimental side of maxilla was 1.6 ± 0.52 mm and on control side was 0.66 ± 0.31 mm (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Micro-osteoperforation was an effective, comfortable, and safe procedure to accelerate tooth movement (1.6 times in accordance with this study). It significantly shorten the duration of orthodontic treatment.
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Pajevic, Tina, Jovana Juloski, and Marija Zivkovic. "Class II Division 1 malocclusion treatment using TADs: Case report." Serbian Dental Journal 67, no. 3 (2020): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs2003159p.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Orthodontic treatment of Class II Division 1 (II/1) malocclusions in adults can be challenging since skeletal effects are limited. Possible treatment options are orthodontic camouflage or orthognatic surgery, in severe cases. The aim of this paper was to present a successful management of Class II malocclusion in an adult patient using temporary anchorage devices (TADs). Case report. After detailed clinical examination, study models and cephalometric analysis, a 26 years old patient was diagnosed with Class II malocclusion, an overjet of 12 mm, congenitally missing tooth 41 and midline shifted to the right in upper dental arch. In prior orthodontic treatment, patient had upper premolars extracted. Posterior teeth in upper left quadrant were shifted mesially. The camouflage treatment was considered, using temporary anchorage devices (TADs) to distalize posterior teeth on the left side, and gain space for incisor retraction and midline correction in upper dental arch. Results. Using TADs as additional anchorage in anterior region and coil spring for molar distalization, the space was made for tooth 23, midline correction and incisor retraction. After 40 months, a satisfactory result was achieved, overjet and midline correction, class I canines occlusion and class II molar occlusion. Conclusion. Class II/1 malocclusion in adults can be successfully treated using TADs. The success depends on the severity of malocclusion and patient cooperation.
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Hong Lin, Jia, Chris H. Chang, and Roberts W. Eugene. "Vertical incision subperiosteal tunnel access and three-dimensional OBS lever arm to recover a labially-impacted canine: Differential biomechanics to control root resorption." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 9 (March 31, 2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/apos-9-1-3.
Full textAbstract:
A 15-year-old female presented with a chief complaint of unesthetic smile and protrusive lips. Lower facial height and convexity were within normal limits, but the lower lip was protrusive (3mm to the E-Line). Bimaxillary retrusion (SNA 79.5˚, SNB 76˚, and ANB 3.5˚) and a high mandibular angle (SN-MP 38˚) were noted. Lower incisors were prominent (L1 to MP 96˚ and L1 to NB 8 mm). Molars were Class I, but the upper right canine (UR3) was Class II. The upper left deciduous canine (ULc) was retained, and the UL3 was labially impacted. An oblique direction of canine eruption wedged the impaction between the keratinized mucosa and the adjacent incisor, eliciting root resorption on the labial surface of the UL2. The discrepancy index (DI) was 16. Following extraction of all four first premolars and the ULc, all teeth except the UL2 were bonded with a Damon Q® passive self-ligating bracket system. Vertical incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) technique was performed to produce a submucosal space for retraction and extrusion of the impacted UR3. A button was bonded on the UL3, and a power chain was attached. The elastomer chain exited the mucosa through a more distal incision, and traction was applied with a custom lever arm, anchored by an OBS® inserted into the left infrazygomatic crest. The impaction was retracted into a normal position between the UL2 and UL4. Once the UL3 was extruded to the occlusal plane, the UL2 was bonded and its axial inclination was corrected with a labial root torquing auxiliary. Both arches were detailed and finished. After 24 months of active treatment, the UL3 was well aligned, but the labial gingiva supporting it was immature and only partially keratinized. Follow-up visit 1.5 years later showed its maturation into a stable but relatively thin band of gingiva. In retrospect, this UL3 gingival problem may have been avoided by adjusting the three-dimensional (3D) lever arm for a more palatal emersion of the impaction. There was no change in the preexisting labial root resorption of the UL2, but no additional root resorption on any teeth occurred during active treatment. Final alignment and dental esthetics were excellent as evidenced by an American Board of Orthodontics Cast-Radiograph Evaluation score of 12, and the IBOI Pink and White Esthetic Score of 2. VISTA with an OBS 3D lever arm is an important advance for orthodontic impaction recovery. Submucosal retraction of a labially- impacted, partially transposed maxillary canine permits optimal emergence into the arch. Differential biomechanics of soft and hard tissue explains impaction-related root loss before treatment, as well as the mechanism for protecting an unrestrained lateral incisor while the impacted canine is recovered.
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Ferreira, Marcelo do Amaral, Fábio Rodrigo Mandello Rodrigues, Marco Antônio Luersen, Paulo César Borges, Ravindra Nanda, and Marcio Rodrigues de Almeida. "Von Mises stresses on Mushroom-loop archwires for incisor retraction: a numerical study." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 25, no. 4 (August 2020): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.25.4.044-050.oar.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a numerical simulation using FEM to study the von Mises stresses on Mushroom archwires. Methods: Mushroom archwires made of titanium-molybdenum alloy with 0.017 x 0.025-in cross-section were used in this study. A YS of 1240 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 69 GPa were adopted. The archwire was modeled in Autodesk Inventor software and its behavior was simulated using the finite element code Ansys Workbench (Swanson Analysis Systems, Houston, Pennsylvania, USA). A large displacement simulation was used for non-linear analysis. The archwires were deformed in their extremities with 0° and 45°, and activated by their vertical extremities separated at 4.0 or 5.0 mm. Results: Tensions revealed a maximum of 1158 MPa at the whole part of the loop at 5.0mm of activation, except in a very small area situated at the top of the loop, in which a maximum of 1324 Mpa was found. Conclusions: Mushroom loops are capable to produce tension levels in an elastic range and could be safely activated up to 5.0mm.
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Mahdee, A., J. Eastham, J. M. Whitworth, and J. I. Gillespie. "Evidence for programmed odontoblast process retraction after dentine exposure in the rat incisor." Archives of Oral Biology 85 (January 2018): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.10.001.
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Choi, Yoon Jeong, Sujung Shin, Kyung-Ho Kim, and Chooryung J. Chung. "Orthodontic retraction of autotransplanted premolar to replace ankylosed maxillary incisor with replacement resorption." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 145, no. 4 (April 2014): 514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.06.024.
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Kafle, Dashrath, and Saruba Ulrich. "Skeleto-Dental Changes After Camouflage Treatment in Class II division 1 Adult Patients with Average Mandibular Plane Angle." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2011): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v1i1.9364.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: To assess the skeleto-dental changes in adult Class II Division 1 patients with average mandibular plane angle after camouflage orthodontic treatment by premolars extraction.
Materials and Method: Total 30 adult female patients, aged between 20-40 years with Class II Division 1 malocclusion with average mandibular plane angle (Mp-SN: 30-38) were selected for the study. Pre-treatment and post-treatment cephalographs were traced and different measurements are derived from skeletal and dental landmarks. Statistical analysis was done by paired t-test using SPSS software version 16.00.
Results: SNA, SNB and ANB angles were reduced significantly. The maxillary length was also decreased significantly. However mandibular dimension was not changed significantly after camouflage treatment. The upper and lower incisors were significantly intruded whereas upper molar was slightly intruded and lower molar was significantly extruded. Antero-posteriorly, incisors were retracted significantly. Upper molars had negligible mesial movement however lower molars had moved mesially with statistical significance.
Conclusion: During camouflage treatment care should be taken on incisor retraction. The vertical control of the molar teeth is important during the treatment period to avoid worsening of the facial proportion.
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Moradpoor, Hedaiat, Farshad Rahimi, Amin Golshah, Narges Akbari, and Sahar Raissi. "Comparison of Esthetic Outcomes of Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis Treatment by Orthodontic Space Closure Versus Implant Placement (Evaluated by Pink Esthetic Score)." Journal of Molecular Biology Research 8, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmbr.v8n1p178.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Due to the fundamental role of esthetics in the outcomes of dental treatments, especially in the anterior region (esthetic zone), the necessity of considering the matter of esthetics in clinical studies has become into focus in the current era. The aim of this study was the evaluation of esthetic outcomes of two treatment protocols in the treatment of congenital uni-lateral missing of maxillary lateral incisors as well as patient satisfaction from the treatment outcomes.
Methods: in this study the sample size was 24 people (16 women and 8 men), These individuals sought dental treatment for replacement of the congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor. Convenience sampling method was used and patients were divided into two groups regarding the kind of treatment they received. The two treatment protocols included: 1. Space closure by means of orthodontic treatment and then reshaping the canines; and 2. Space regaining by means of orthodontic treatment and replacing the lateral incisor with dental implants. Photographs of patients were acquired from the frontal view with retraction of the lips using digital cameras. Photographs were evaluated for Pink esthetic score.
Results: No significant difference was detected between the two study groups in the evaluated factors in this study.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that there is no significant difference in esthetic results in the two groups. Furthermore, both groups lead to similar results in patient satisfaction from treatment outcomes.