Relevant bibliographies by topics / Incineration bottom ash

Academic literature on the topic 'Incineration bottom ash'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Incineration bottom ash"

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Woo, Byeong-Hun, In-Kyu Jeon, Dong-Ho Yoo, Seong-Soo Kim, Jeong-Bae Lee, and Hong-Gi Kim. "Utilization of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash as Fine Aggregate of Cement Mortars." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 8832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168832.

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Incineration bottom ash is generated by the incineration of solid waste. Household solid waste is increasing every year and so is incineration bottom ash. This is a problem to treat the incineration bottom ash because the ash has many toxic components. Cement composites can solve this problem and there are many studies for using the bottom ash as fine aggregate. To evaluate the usage of incineration bottom ash, compressive strength, mercury intrusion porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy-backscatter electron, X-ray diffraction, and toxicity characteristic leaching processes were performed. When using incineration bottom ash up to 20% of substitution, the compressive strength in all cases was increased. This study showed how the filler effect appeared well in the cement composites through the scanning electron microscopy-backscatter electron, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. X-ray diffraction indicated the possibility of an alkali-silica reaction of the aggregate with the components of incineration bottom ash. This problem is an obstacle to applying the incineration bottom ash as a fine aggregate. In addition, the toxicity characteristic leaching process was shown to be under the threshold of the Korean standard, however, this should nuanced by the consideration of amorphity. Comprehensively, incineration bottom ash could be used as a fine aggregate of up to 20% of substitution. However, the pre-treatment would need to eliminate or reduce alkali reactive components and heavy metals.
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Zhang, Rui, and Tao Zhang. "Preliminary Research on Waste Incineration Bottom Ash Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1007.

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We use the bottom ash from Harbin Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Plant as concrete coarse aggregate and study the engineering properties of the coarse aggregate, failure mode of waste incineration bottom ash concrete, the relationship between compressive strength and bottom ash coarse aggregate replacement rate, water cement ratio, apparent density and development trend of compressive strength. Comparing with natural aggregates, the bottom ash has higher water absorption rate, lower apparent density and crushing value index. The failure mode of waste incineration bottom ash concrete is similar to ordinary concrete and the flat and elongated particles have effect on compressive strength. Bottom ash coarse aggregate replacement rate has different effects on compressive strength in different water cement ratio. Compressive strength of waste incineration bottom ash concrete has the same development trend with ordinary concrete. Compressive strength and apparent density has a linear relation.
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Nguyen, T. K. V., T. T. H. Doan, T. H. Cao, and H. S. Pham. "A Study of State Parameters for Road Construction of MSWI Bottom Ash." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 5 (October 12, 2021): 7624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4370.

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The current work tries to valorize the bottom ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI). The bottom ash from waste incineration consists of atypical granular materials. They are industrial by-products resulting from the incineration of domestic waste and the way of the considered valorization is road gravel. In this paper, we present the state parameters of bottom ash taken from a recycling company in the North of France. These features can help us evaluate our bottom ash according to the technical guide of realization of embankments and subgrades.
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Adama, M., R. Esena, B. Fosu-Mensah, and D. Yirenya-Tawiah. "Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils around a Hospital Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash Dumps Site." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8926453.

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Waste incineration is the main waste management strategy used in treating hospital waste in many developing countries. However, the release of dioxins, POPs, and heavy metals in fly and bottom ash poses environmental and public health concerns. To determine heavy metal (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ag) in levels in incinerator bottom ash and soils 100 m around the incinerator bottom ash dump site, ash samples and surrounding soil samples were collected at 20 m, 40 m, 60 m, 80 m, 100 m, and 1,200 m from incinerator. These were analyzed using the absorption spectrophotometer method. The geoaccumulation (Igeo) and pollution load indices (PLI) were used to assess the level of heavy metal contamination of surrounding soils. The study revealed high concentrations in mg/kg for, Zn (16417.69), Pb (143.80), Cr (99.30), and Cd (7.54) in bottom ash and these were above allowable limits for disposal in landfill. The study also found soils within 60 m radius of the incinerator to be polluted with the metals. It is recommended that health care waste managers be educated on the implication of improper management of incinerator bottom ash and regulators monitor hospital waste incinerator sites.
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Hsu, Hui Mi, Hao Hsien Chen, Sao Jeng Chao, An Cheng, Cheng Yang Wu, and Chuan Tsung Ma. "A Study for Substituting Part of Raw Materials by Bottom Ash in Portland Cement." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 1017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.1017.

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The disposal and reuse of waste combustion residues has become a critical topic recently in view of the method of treating household wastes in a city, which has gradually changed to be incineration (major) and landfill (minor) in densely populated Taiwan, plus the difficulty of various wastes disposed by the Refuse Incineration Plant at Yilan County. To propose concrete recommendations as references for the local competent authorities’ policy for reuse of bottom ash, we researched and analyzed compositions of wastes and ingredients as well as leaching toxicity of bottom ash (accounting for 70% of waste combustion residues) which had been collected from the Li-Ze Incineration plant at Yilan, and transported bottom ash to a cement plant also at Yilan as an alternative material for Portland cement. The results in this study indicated quite a few products, with ingredients of bottom ash from an incineration plant, can be taken as principal compositions used in production of cement, and the capacity of bottom ash treated by the cement plant can be further expanded according to the quality of produced cement and bottom ash properly processed.
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Huang, Yucheng, Ji Chen, Shenjie Shi, Bin Li, Jialin Mo, and Qiang Tang. "Mechanical Properties of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator (MSWI) Bottom Ash as Alternatives of Subgrade Materials." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (January 30, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9254516.

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The rapid development of industrialization, urbanization, and population of the society augments the rising amount of municipal solid waste (MSW). With the advantage of considerably reducing mass and volume of solid wastes and generating energy, the incineration is a widely used treatment method for MSW. During the incineration process, the organic substances contained in the wastes are combusted, and the massive residues are remained. Of the incineration residues, bottom ash takes up to 80–90%, and the remainders are fly ash along with air pollution control residues. Dealing with the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash in a sustainable manner is the primary principle. Significantly, MSWI bottom ash has been successfully utilized in diverse beneficial applications in recent decades, especially in civil engineering applications. This paper investigates the mechanical properties and validity of MSWI bottom ash as applicable substitutes of conventional subgrade materials. For this reason, a series of direct shear and CBR tests are performed on specimens with different water contents and dry densities.
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Zhao, Xiao Li, and Wei Zhu. "Emission Characteristicsof of PCBs of Combustion of Sludge-Coal Water Slurry in Fluidized Bed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.382.

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Sludge-coal water slurry (SCWS) can be produced by mixing coal water slurry (CWS) with sewage sludge according to differenct ratio. This paper focuses on the combustive feasibility of SCWS in a commercial circulating fluidized bed, and on the emission characteristics of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in flue gas fly ash and bottom ash during combustion of SCWS. The results indicated that incineration can do very well with the temperature 1000 degree, sludge coal water slurry (SCWS) can be effective in improving sludge incineration rate, if the proportion of sludge is 20%~30%,amounts of PCBs is relatively small in flue gas fly ash and bottom ash. So the best burning rate is 20%-30%. Although incineration flue gas fly ash and bottom ash emission standard don't have PCBs regulations, but since PCBs are toxic organic pollutants, it should be strictly regulated.
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Leu, Jai Houng, Li Fong Wu, and Ay Su. "Manufacture of Non-Toxic Lava from Recovery of the Incineration Ash by Plasma Fusing Technology." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 2365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.2365.

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This research investigated and explored the overall technical and legal suggestions on mixed ash (bottom ash + fly ash) from the first BOT(built-operation then transfer) incineration plant in south Taoyuan of Taiwan, with the hope of serving as the reference for treating ash from urban refuse incinerator and making sustainable operation management policies in Taiwan. Both bottom ash and fly ash contain high-content harmful metals like lead, chrome, and cadmium, with the lead content exceeding standard value. Plasma fusing technology may effectively settle toxic heavy metals and reduce their dissolution rate. The results show that the increase in percentage of bottom ash could maintain post-fusing strength and produce solidification effect, but this reduced the stability of toxic heavy metals and raised their dissolution rate. Suitable mixture ratio of bottom ash and fly ash was 2:1, volume reduction ratio 0.349, and weight reduction ratio 0.4936. The mixture was fulvous and dense with gloss and adequate strength. The dissolution test of lava products complied with national standards, and they might be used for recycling aggregates and solidifying cement.
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Melese, Damtew Tsige. "Utilization of Waste Incineration Bottom Ash to Enhance Engineering Properties of Expansive Subgrade Soils." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (December 6, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7716921.

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Expansive soils are a type of soil that exhibits the ability to swell and shrink with the variation of moisture content. Lightweight structures such as pavements, sidewalks, and driveways face failures due to the swelling and shrinkage behavior of expansive soils. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of waste incineration bottom ash on the engineering properties of expansive subgrade soils. To investigate the waste incineration bottom ash, tests such as specific gravity, Atterberg limit, free swell test, compaction characteristics, unconfined compression strength, and Californian bearing ratio (CBR) were conducted. The soil was stabilized by waste incineration bottom ash with proportions of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by dry weight. From the laboratory test results, the soil under this category has poor engineering properties which include high plastic index, high free swell index, low UCS, and low CBR. The performance of soil improved as waste incineration bottom ash content increased with respect to curing time. The curing time of the sample has a significant effect on the performance of the weak subgrade soil.
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Almeida, Filipe, José Ricardo Carneiro, and Maria de Lurdes Lopes. "Use of Incinerator Bottom Ash as a Recycled Aggregate in Contact with Nonwoven Geotextiles: Evaluation of Mechanical Damage Upon Installation." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 3, 2020): 9156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219156.

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The recycling and reuse of materials is crucial to reducing the amount of generated waste and the exploitation of natural resources, contributing to achieving environmental sustainability. During the incineration process of municipal solid waste, a residue known as incinerator bottom ash is generated in considerable amounts, being important the development of solutions for its valorization. In this work, three nonwoven geotextiles were submitted to mechanical damage under repeated loading tests with incinerator bottom ash and, for comparison purposes, with three natural aggregates (sand 0/4, gravel 4/8 and tout-venant) and a standard aggregate (corundum). Damage assessment was carried out by monitoring the changes that occurred in the short-term tensile and puncture behaviors of the geotextiles. Results showed that the damage induced by incinerator bottom ash on the short-term mechanical behavior of the geotextiles tended to be lower than the damage induced by the natural aggregates or by the standard aggregate. Therefore, concerning the mechanical damage caused on geotextiles, there are good prospects for the use of incinerator bottom ash as a filling material in contact with those construction materials, thereby promoting its valorization.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Incineration bottom ash"

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Maldonado, Alameda Alex. "Alkali-activated binders based on municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672107.

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Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is the most widely used solution in those countries where landfilling areas are limited. Incineration allows reducing the total volume of waste (up to 90%) and generating energy resulting from combustion. The main by-product generated in waste-to-energy plants is known as incineration bottom ash (IBA), which is a heterogeneous mixture of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, ceramics, and glass. IBA is classified as a non- hazardous material due to its composition rich in calcium oxide, silica, and iron. IBA composition and morphology are very similar to natural siliceous aggregates after an ageing treatment where the weathered bottom ash (WBA) is obtained. This maturation process makes feasible the WBA valorisation as a secondary aggregate in the field of construction and civil engineering. Moreover, the high percentage of glass and aluminium found in the WBA would allow its valorisation as a precursor in the alkali-activated binders (AABs) formulation. The main goal of this PhD thesis was the scientific and technological development of new AABs based on the alkali activation of WBA (AA-WBA binders), to reduce the use of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in building and civil engineering fields. In this sense, this aim is related to the use of more sustainable cement-based materials, which promote the circular economy and zero-waste principle through the valorisation of WBA. The potential of WBA as a precursor in the AA-WBA binders’ formulation was evaluated along with the PhD thesis through different studies that can be classified into four blocks. The first block was based on the evaluation of the WBA potential as a precursor in AABs based on its particle size. This study demonstrated the variability in the reactive SiO2 and Al2O3 availability as a function of the particle size. The potential of the entire fraction (EF) and the 8-30-mm fraction highlighted the possible use of them as precursors in the AABs formulation. The second block of this thesis was focused on the study of AA-WBA binders using the WBA as a sole precursor. Mixtures of sodium silicate (WG) and NaOH (2M, 4M, 6M, and 8M) were used as alkaline activator solutions to assess the effect of the NaOH concentration on the final properties. It was demonstrated the possibility of developing AA-WBA. The influence of alkaline activator solution concentration on the final properties of the AA-WBA was evidenced, obtaining better mechanical performance with the use of the WG/NaOH 6M solution. The results revealed the enhancement in the mechanical properties when the 8-30-mm fraction was used. However, the environmental results revealed arsenic and antimony leaching values that require further research to validate the environmental feasibility of AA-WBA. In the third block, the 8-30-mm fraction was mixed with other precursors with greater availability of Al2O3 (metakaolin and PAVAL®). The main purpose was to improve the mechanical properties and the heavy metal stabilisation effect of the AA- WBA obtained in the second block. In both cases, mechanical performance was improved due to the inclusion of Al2O3. However, the environmental properties continued to show leaching values that did not ensure the environmental viability of the AA-WBA binders. Finally, the fourth block of the thesis was focused on carrying out an environmental and ecotoxicological assessment to validate the use of AA-WBA binders as construction material. The results showed a medium-low level of ecotoxicity in the AA-WBA formulated with the 8-30-mm fraction, similar to the binders activated with MK (AA-MK).
El principal subproducte generat durant la incineració de residus sòlids urbans es coneix com a cendra de fons. La seva composició és molt similars als agregats silícics naturals després d’un tractament d’envelliment on s’obté la cendra de fons madurada (weathered bottom ash; WBA segons les sigles angleses). El seu alt contingut en vidre i alumini el converteixen en un potencial candidat com a precursor en la fabricació d’aglutinants activats alcalinament (alkali-activated binders, AABs segons les sigles angleses). L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi doctoral va consistir en el desenvolupament de AABs mitjançant l’activació alcalina de WBA (aglutinants AA-WBA). El potencial de la WBA i els aglutinants AA-WBA es va avaluar mitjançant diferents estudis que es poden classificar en quatre blocs. Al primer bloc es va avaluar el potencial de WBA com a precursor en funció de la seva mida de partícula. Aquest estudi va demostrar el potencial de la fracció sencera i de la fracció 8-30 mm. El segon bloc es va centrar en l’estudi d’aglutinants AA-WBA que utilitzaven el WBA com a únic precursor. Es va evidenciar la influència de la concentració de la solució activadora alcalina en les propietats finals dels aglutinants AA-WBA. Els resultats van revelar la millora de les propietats mecàniques quan es va utilitzar la fracció 8-30 mm. No obstant, els resultats ambientals van revelar valors de lixiviació d'arsènic i antimoni que requerien la validació a nivell ambiental dels aglutinants. Al tercer bloc, la fracció 8-30 mm es va barrejar amb altres precursors rics en d’Al2O3 (metakaolin i PAVAL®) per millorar les propietats mecàniques i l’estabilització de metalls pesants dels aglutinants obtinguts al segon bloc. En ambdós casos, es va millorar el rendiment mecànic, tot i que les propietats ambientals van continuar mostrant valors de lixiviació que no asseguraven la viabilitat ambiental dels aglutinants AA-WBA. Finalment, al quart bloc es va realitzar una avaluació ambiental i ecotoxicològica per validar l’ús d’aglutinants AA-WBA com a material de construcció. Els resultats van mostrar un nivell mitjà-baix d’ecotoxicitat a l’AA-WBA formulat amb la fracció de 8 a 30 mm, similar als aglutinants activats amb MK (AA-MK).
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Morales, Hernandez Maria B. "Leaching behaviour, mechanical and durability properties of mortar containing municipal incineration bottom ash." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2003. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20080/.

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The review of municipal solid waste (MSW) management scheme has indicated that the amount of MSW sent to incineration plants will increase in the UK in coming years. Therefore, the amount of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residues generated will increase significantly. MSWI residues are divided into MSWI fly ash (MSWI-FA) and MSWI bottom ash (MSWI-BA). MSWI-FA is classified as hazardous residue thereby requires special treatment before disposal. MSWI-BA is mostly disposed in landfill sites. MSWI-BA fraction with particle size diameter below approximately 2mm has low engineering properties and may have an adverse effect on the environment due to its high porosity, solubility and leachability of possible toxic compounds. This research programme has investigated new potential uses and leaching behaviour of mortar containing MSWI-BA with particle size diameters below 2.36mm. Fraction of MSWI-BA with particle size diameters (&phis;) below 2.36 mm (&phis; <2.36) was divided into different sub-fractions to evaluate their influence on compressive strength of concrete when used as partial replacement of cement or sand. MSWI-BA fraction with &phis; <212mum (fine fraction) and 212mum < &phis;2.36mm (coarse fraction) used as partial replacement of cement and sand respectively, showed higher compressive strength compared with the other fractions examined. In addition, replacing sand with the coarse fraction of MSWI-BA exhibited similar or higher strength than the reference mix. Examination of physical and chemical properties of the fine and coarse fractions of MSWI-BA unbound indicated that both fractions had potential to be used as replacement of cement or sand. However, the evaluation of their leaching behaviour suggested that they should be bound in cement-based systems to avoid leaching of potential toxic elements. Evaluation of physical, mechanical and sulfate resistance properties of mortars containing 15% of the fine fraction of MSWI-BA as a partial replacement of cement and 50% of the coarse fraction as partial replacement of sand indicated potential uses in concrete production. In addition, the leachability of mortar specimens containing 15% and 50% of MSWI-BA as partial replacement of cement and sand respectively was significantly reduced when compared to unbound MSWI-BA fractions.
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Eggimann, Manuel. "Geochemical aspects of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash and implications for disposal /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://www.zb.unibe.ch/download/eldiss/08eggimann_m.pdf.

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Burrows, Stephen John. "Material recycling with particular reference to municipal incinerator residues." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245945.

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Eriksson, Jenny. "Utredning av potentiella hälsorisker i samband med slagg- och slaggvattenhantering vid Hedenverket, Karlstad." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88863.

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In this study potential health risks for employees in connection with handling of bottom ash and bottom ash water at a Municipal Waste Incineration (MWI) plant have been investigated. Air surrounding the bottom ash and the bottom ash water has been examined. MWI is one of the primary ways to manage solid household waste, and bottom ash is the main solid residue produced by the incineration process. Bottom ash constitutes about 15-20% of the original waste. The bottom ash is extinguished in a water bath (bottom ash water).

The study was carried out in a MWI plant in Karlstad, Sweden. The plant is equipped with a grate furnace with a capacity of 7 tonnes per hour. Annually about 50 000 tonnes are incinerated at the plant.

Levels of airborne particles, metals present in the airborne particles, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and phosphine were measured in the air. Analysis of the bottom ash water including: pH, total phosphorus, ammonium, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids, and bacteria were also carried out. Further, a questionnaire was distributed to investigate how the workers at the MWI plant re°ected on health when working.

The results showed that the levels of airborne particles, metals and VOC did not pose any major health risks. The bacterial analysis demonstrated very low concentrations of bacteria in the water and thus that the bacteria posed no risk for the workers. The phosphine measurements did not result in levels exceeding the Swedish threshold limit value. However, the method used in this study was not well-tested in these sorts of environments and the results implied that higher levels of phosphine might be present. The conclusion from the questionnaire was that there is a concern about health risks in connection with certain tasks at the plant.


På Hedenverket, Karlstads Energi AB, förbränner man årligen cirka 50 000 ton hushålls- och verksamhetsavfall. En av restprodukterna av förbränningen kallas slagg (bottenaska) och utgör ca 15-20% av det inmatade avfallet. Slaggen släcks i ett vattenbad under själva pannan (slaggsläckningsbad) och matas sedan ut, via ett skakbord för reduktion av vatten, till containrar innan det slutligen körs på deponi.

Syftet med det här projekt var att utreda om det föreligger några hälsorisker vid arbete kring slaggen och slaggsläckningsvattnet. För att skapa en bild av möjliga hälsorisker gjordes en inledande studie av tidigare utredningar, mätningar gjorda på avfallsförbränningsanläggningar runt om i Svergie och vad kemiska och biologiska hälsorisker innebär. Även lagstiftning på området har berörts.

Med tidigare utredningar och mätningar samt diskussioner som grund utfördes mätningar av damm, metallhalter i damm, VOC och fosfin i luften samt en analys av slaggvattnet och bakterier i slaggvattnet. För att skapa en uppfattning av hur personalen, som arbetar med driften, upplever sin arbetssituation ur hälsorisksynpunkt genomfördes även en enkätundersökning.

Resultaten av undersökningarna på Karlstads Energi AB visade att varken damm, metaller eller VOC utgör någon hälsorisk. Bakterieprovtagningen av slaggsläckningsvattnet visade på mycket låga halter av bakterier och bakterier kan därför inte sägas utgöra någon hälsorisk.

Undersökningar av slaggvatten på andra anläggningar i Sverige visar däremot på höga metallhalter i slaggvattnet och det vore således inte särskilt hälsosamt att få i sig större mängder av detta. Resultaten av fosfinmätningen visar inte heller på några alarmerande nivåer, men metoden som användes är inte väl beprövad i den här typen av miljö. Resultaten kan tyda på att högre halter av fosfin förekommer, men hur höga de är inte möjligt att svara på. Fosfin är ett ämne som i små mängder kan ge upphov till bland annat illamående. I enkätundersökningen påtalades att obehag och illamående uppstºar vid längre arbeten över skakbordet och det är möjligt att fosfin kan vara en orsak till detta. Enkätundersökningen visade även att det finns en oro för hälsan vid vissa typer av arbeten på anläggningen och oro för att hälsan ska påverkas negativt på längre sikt.

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Saqib, Naeem. "Distribution and chemical association of trace elements in incinerator residues and mining waste from a leaching perspective." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-48933.

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Incineration is a mainstream strategy for solid waste management in Sweden and all over the world. Improved knowledge and understanding about the distribution of trace elements (in ashes) during incineration, and how trace element partitioning respond to the changes in waste composition, are important in terms of combustion process optimization and plant efficiency. Moreover, determination of chemical association of trace elements in ashes are vital for avoiding environmental concerns and to promote possible reuse. In this study, partitioning of trace elements in ashes during incineration as function of input waste fuel and incineration technology was investigated. Further, chemical association of trace elements in resulting ashes was studied. An evaluation was also performed about feasibility of metal extraction from sulfidic mining waste and flotation tailings. Moreover, green liquor dreg (GLD) was tested with respect to stabilization of metals within the sulfidic mining waste. Findings showed that the total input of trace elements and chlorine affects the partitioning and increasing chlorine in the input waste caused increase in transfer of trace elements to fly ash especially for lead and zinc. Vaporization, condensation on fly ash particles and adsorption mechanisms play an important role for metal distribution. Firing mixed waste, especially biofuel mix, in grate or fluidized (CFB) boilers caused increased transfer into fly ash for almost all trace elements particularly lead and zinc. Possible reasons might be either an increased input concentration of respective element in the waste fuel, or a change in volatilization behavior due to the addition of certain waste fractions. Chemical association study for fly ashes indicated that overall, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and Sb are presenting major risk in most of the fly ashes, while in bottom ashes, most of elements are associated with stable fraction. Further, fuel type affects the association of elements in ashes. Chemical leaching of mining waste materials showed that sulfuric acid (under different conditions) is the best reagent to recover zinc and copper from sulfidic mining waste and also copper from flotation tailings. GLD indicates potential for metal stabilization in mining waste by reducing the metal mobility. Extraction methods could be applied to treat mining waste in order to meet the regulatory level at a specific mining site.Similarly stabilization/solidification  methods might be applied after leaching for recovery of metals.
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Ahmed, Abdalla Abdelkader Tawfeek. "Treatment and re-utilization of incinerator bottom ash waste." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540069.

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Pollution and waste are continually generated. The production of waste. however. has increased rapidly in recent years. An efficient and safe means of either neutralizing or disposing of this waste has been increasingly researched. In recent times, the potential of recycling and reusing the waste in construction works has been investigated. The studies have highlighted the benefits of such applications. In line with these studies, the current study investigated the suitability of using Incinerator Bottom Ash Waste (lBA W) as an alternative to conventional aggregates in the construction of road foundations. IBA W is a residual material produced by incinerating Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The potential advantage of this approach is that the reuse of IBA W helps to conserve the supplies of conventional aggregates and reduces the landfills needed to store the waste. However, such applications may cause serious environmental impacts as IBA W may be exposed to intermittent infiltration as a consequence of precipitation events or altering of the water table, resulting in a potential release of pollutants to soil and groundwater. This work is divided into three main parts. The first part investigates the potential environmental impacts by using leaching tests for treated and untreated IBA W. The treatment including stabilization and chemical processes was applied in this study for IBA W by using different types of novel and traditional additives. This treatment aimed at immobilizing the pollutants by integrating them in a strong matrix. The Iysimeter as a leaching tool was adopted to assess the potential impact of changing conditions such as liquid to solid ratio (LIS), pH value, IBA W content and different treatment agents on long-term release of heavy metals and salts to estimate the environmental risks of IBA W. Appropriate and reliable leaching models based on initial measurement of intrinsic material properties and simplified testing were used to predict the release of constituents of concern from IBA W and its migration and fate into soil. The second part of the thesis aims at analyzing the microstructure of IBA W material by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) techniques. These tests are adopted to manifest the physical and chemical features of IBA Wand identify the nature of the materials and any secondary reaction elements, especially after mixing with water, with and without additives. This helps understanding the behaviour of the materials because there is a good correlation between the microstructural and chemical composition of the materials and their mechanical behaviour. The third part studies the mechanical properties of IBA W as an aggregate. An experimental programme has been undertaken to investigate the influence of treatment on the behaviour of IBA W blends for use as foundation layers. The research has focused on determining the blends' resilient modulus and permanent deformation. Cyclic and static triaxial compression tests were adopted to determine the materials' mechanical characteristics. Light Weight Falling Deflectometer (L WFD) test was also adopted as an in-situ evaluation for the elastic modulus of IBA W. Emphasis has been on examining the effect of various parameters, such as IBA W content, type and content of additives, moisture content, curing time and maximum nominal particle size on the behaviour of the investigated blends. The shakedown concept was adopted to evaluate the behaviour of the IBAW material under cyclic loading as a granular material. A new calculation model was proposed to estimate the plastic deformation of IBA W and granular materials under monotonic loading. Finite element modelling was adopted to simulate the IBA W material behaviour under static, cyclic and impact loading in macro and micro scales. The main findings of this study are that IBA W can be reused safely and successfully as an aggregate in construction applications. It also illustrated that IBA W may show similar or even better behaviour than conventional aggregate as observed under some conditions. IBA W also showed typical behaviour of conventional aggregates using the theoretical and modelling approaches. Some novel and traditional treatment agents resulted in a good improvement in IBA W behaviour in terms of environmental and mechanical properties.
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Olsson, Susanna. "Environmental assessment of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash in road constructions." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : KTH Land and Water Resource Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-435.

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Antoun, Marc. "Vers une meilleure compatibilité ciment/mâchefer (MIDND) dans la formulation de matériaux cimentaires intégrant un ciment sulfo-alumineux." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MTLD0002.

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Dans un contexte accru d’économie circulaire et de valorisation des matières premières recyclées, les mâchefers d’incinération de déchets non dangereux (MIDND) constituent des déchets granulaires minéraux identifiés comme ressources renouvelables potentiellement valorisables dans la filière construction, notamment dans le domaine des matériaux cimentaires (type mortier/béton). Compte tenu de l'origine et de la nature des granulats de mâchefers, dans une finalité de concourir à une meilleure compatibilité mâchefer/ciment, il apparait essentiel en premier lieu de considérer des fractions minérales de mâchefers au mieux épurées par l’optimisation de l’enlèvement des métaux ferreux, non-ferreux et indésirables. En second temps, tenant compte des spécificités physico-chimiques résultantes des mâchefers, le choix de la base cimentaire constitue le second facteur prépondérant en sus de la nécessité de meilleure qualité de la fraction minérale de mâchefer. Le présent travail doctoral traite spécifiquement de l’apport de l’utilisation d’un ciment sulfo-alumineux dans le contexte de valorisation des mâchefers en matrice cimentaire. Des sables de mâchefers améliorés de fraction 0/2 mm ont été élaborés et utilisés pour l’étude. Dans une première partie, les résultats de formulation de mortiers cimentaires (ciment Portland, noté OPC / ciment sulfo-alumineux, noté CSA) à base de mâchefers en substitution volumique partielle du sable naturel (25, 50 et 75 %) et totale (100 %), mettent en évidence l’apport bénéfique du ciment CSA sur les résistances en compression par comparaison aux mortiers OPC. Une analyse expérimentale du réseau poreux des mortiers à 90 jours révèle que la frange de porosité supérieure à 50 nm est nettement plus faible pour les mortiers CSA. La thèse met en évidence un résultat majeur et pionnier : en interaction mâchefer, le niveau de basicité du milieu réactionnel joue un rôle prépondérant sur le potentiel de dégagement gazeux (hydrogène) après la mise en œuvre et avant la prise. Ce gaz impacte le niveau de porosité de la frange la plus grossière des mortiers durcis. La seconde partie concerne l’étude physique et microstructurale des mortiers soumis à l’attaque à l’eau pure ou à attaque sulfatique pour des substitutions volumiques de 50 et 100 %, avec les témoins pour référentiels. Les observations MEB sur les différentes matrices mettent en évidence une nette moindre sensibilité des mortiers mâchefer/CSA que des mortiers mâchefer/OPC, traduit par des porosités, fissurations et épaisseurs dégradées moindres
In a world where circular economy and the valorization of raw materials is taking a greater importance, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash is identified as potentially renewable resource in the construction field and more specifically in cementitious materials like mortar and concrete. Given the origin of the bottom ash and in order to have a better cement/MSWI bottom ash compatibility, the fraction used was as refined as possible by removing ferrous, non-ferrous and unwanted materials. The choice of the cement used is a critical factor as well because it affects the quality of the end product since MSWI bottom ash has particular physicochemical properties. The work in this PhD studies the advantages of using a sulfo-aluminate cement to valorize an improved 0/2 mm fraction of bottom ash that has been developed to be used in cementitious matrices. The first part presents the results of the mortar sample mixes containing bottom ash in a substitution by volume of the standard sand. To better highlight the effect of using a sulfo-aluminate (CSA), CSA mortars containing bottom ash were compared to a Portland cement (OPC) mortars, with substitution rates of 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % were used. A study of the porosity was then conducted at 90 days ; it shows that the pores larger to 50 nm are remarkably less present for CSA mortars. This thesis brings forward a major and innovative result : the level of alkalinity of the mortar plays an important role in the release of hydrogen gas after mixing and before setting. The presence of these gases creates large porosity in the hardened mortar samples. The second part studies the physical and microstructural aspects of the mortars after being immersed in aggressive environments : pure water and sulfate solution. The substitution rates used in this experiment were 50 % and 100 % by volume as well as the reference mortars with no bottom ash. These samples were then studied in the SEM which showed that CSA/bottom ash mortars were clearly less affected than the OPC/bottom ash mortars. This was highlighted by the porosity, the cracking and the depth of degraded zone
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Toller, Susanna. "Environmental assessment of incinerator residue utilisation." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Mark- och vattenteknik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9155.

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Books on the topic "Incineration bottom ash"

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Youcai, Zhao. Pollution Control and Resource Recovery: Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration - Bottom Ash and Fly Ash. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2016.

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Youcai, Zhao. Pollution Control and Resource Recovery : Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration: Bottom Ash and Fly Ash. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Incineration bottom ash"

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Kasuriya, Supawan, Sirithan Jiemsirilers, and Parjaree Thavorniti. "Effect of MSW Incineration Bottom Ash in Clay Based Ceramics." In Eco-Materials Processing and Design IX, 205–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-472-3.205.

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Lan, Sulian, Zhiqiang Xu, Hongri Zhang, and Hongchun Zhang. "Mechanical characteristics of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash based on triaxial tests." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures Volume 1, 205–11. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003336631-37.

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Fujikawa, Takuro, Kenichi Sato, Chikashi Koga, and Hirohumi Sakanakura. "Evaluation of Environmental Safety on Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash Using Aging Method." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 320–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2221-1_31.

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Han, Gi Chun, Nam Il Um, Kwang Suk You, Hee Chan Cho, and Ji Whan Ahn. "Effect of Magnetic Separation in Heavy Metals of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash." In Materials Science Forum, 557–60. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-431-6.557.

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Zhang, Jian-Ming, Min-Yun Hu, and Si-Fa Xu. "Experimental Study on The Engineering Properties of Two Incineration Bottom Ash of Municipal Solid Wastes." In Advances in Environmental Geotechnics, 711–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04460-1_84.

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Thriveni, T., Ch Ramakrishna, and Ahn Ji Whan. "Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash With Particulate Matters PM 2.5–PM 10." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 413–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52192-3_41.

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Gupta, Garima, Debanjana Gupta, Manoj Datta, G. V. Ramana, Shashank Bishnoi, and B. J. Alappat. "Laboratory Investigations on Geotechnical Properties of Screened Bottom Ash from Two MSW Incineration Plants in Delhi." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1–9. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6237-2_1.

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Thriveni, T., Ch Ramakrishna, and Ahn Ji Whan. "Leaching Characteristics of Non Ferrous Metals Recovery from Korean Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash Samples." In TMS 2018 147th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 869–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72526-0_83.

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Lee, Kyung Hoon, Ji Whan Ahn, Hee Chan Cho, Kwang Suk You, Gi Chun Han, and Nam Il Um. "Encapsulation of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash to Immobilize Cu and Pb via Carbonation Reaction." In Solid State Phenomena, 1709–12. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-31-0.1709.

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Huynh, Trong-Phuoc, Huy-Phuong Phan, Van-Hien Pham, Van-Anh Ngo, and Hoang-Tung Luu. "Utilization of Waste Incineration Bottom Ash as Fine Aggregate in the Production of Terrazzo Tiles for Pavement." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 555–65. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3303-5_49.

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Conference papers on the topic "Incineration bottom ash"

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Xiao, Y., M. Oorsprong, Y. Yang, and J. H. L. Voncken. "Vitrification of Bottom Ash From AVR MSW Incinerators." In 14th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec14-3192.

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During incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW), various environmentally harmful elements and heavy metals are liberated either into bottom ash, or carried away with the off-gases and subsequently trapped in fly-ash. If these minor but harmful elements are not properly isolated and immobilized, it can lead to secondary environmental pollution to the air, soil and water. The stricter environmental regulations to be implemented in the near future in the Netherlands require a higher immobilization efficiency of the bottom ash treatment. In the present study, MSW incinerator bottom ash was vitrified at higher temperatures and the slag formed and metal recovered were examined. The behaviour of soluble elements that remain in the slag is evaluated by leaching extraction. The thermodynamics of slag and metal formation is discussed. The results obtained can provide a valuable route to treat the ashes from incinerators, and to make recycling and more efficient utilization of the bottom ash possible.
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Arvelakis, S., F. J. Frandsen, M. Pomeroy, and K. Dam-Johansen. "A Study on the Chemistry of Ash Fractions From MSW Incineration." In 13th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec13-3150.

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In this work, a methodology for analysis and characterization of different ash fractions (bottom ash, 2–3rd pass ash, super-heater ash, economizer ash and filter ash) generated from the incineration of MSW in a grate firing plant is presented. The methodology is shown to provide detailed information regarding the chemical composition and the main characteristics of the generated fly and bottom ash that could provide valuable information concerning the handling of ash-related problems, (slagging, fouling, corrosion), and also ash disposal problems. Comparison of the results obtained with results from corrosion studies with MSW ash showed that the sampling point and the sampling procedure significantly affect the results obtained.
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An, Jinwoo, Jongwan Eun, and BooHyun Nam. "Leaching Behavior of Concrete Containing Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash." In Geotechnical Frontiers 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480441.035.

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Jun, Ng Hooi, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Kamarudin Hussin, and Tan Soo Jin. "Formation of cement mortar with incineration municipal solid waste bottom ash." In ADVANCED MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY V: International Conference on Advanced Material Engineering and Technology 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4981846.

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Yanjun Hu, Guojian Li, and Yingjie Zhong. "Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash as road construction materials." In 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2010.5536261.

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Seniunaitė, Jurgita, and Saulius Vasarevičius. "Heavy Metals Leaching of MSWI Bottom Ash: Effect of Short-term Natural Weathering." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.046.

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Municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI) is an important part of the waste management systems in many European countries. Incineration process generates two main by-products: fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA). Bottom ash is composed of a variety of oxides, heavy metals and salts. Landfilling of untreated (fresh) BA can cause soil, surface and ground water contamination problems, because atmospheric precipitation in BA formed leachate, which contains of various materials. In this study investigates the influence of natural weathering to heavy metals leaching from BA. Leaching tests of bottom ash were carried out in 6 months, leachate samples were taken at 12 times (every 2 weeks). Heavy metals (Pb, Cu) concentrations were determined by atomic adsorption of spectral analysis method. The research shown, that the highest lead and copper concentration was determinated in 2 weeks weathered bottom ash leachate, respectively was 0.613 mg l–1 and 0.068 mg l–1. In both cases the concentration of Pb (0.010–0.052 mg l–1) and Cu (0.010-0.018 mg l–1) became almost stable after 12 weeks. Can be concluded, that short-term (3 months) natural weathering is sufficient time for stabilise MSWI bottom ash and heavy metals (Cu and Pb) leaching. After 18–24 weeks heavy metals concentrations stabilized and remained almost constant.
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Machaka, Meheddene, Jamal Khatib, Adel Elkordi, Hassan Ghanem, and Oussama Baalbaki. "Selected properties of concrete containing municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI-BA)." In Fifth International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies. Coventry University and The University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Centre for By-products Utilization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/2019/idscmt5099.

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Zakariya, Kaneesamkandi M. "Heat Recovery From Bottom Ash in Waste Fired Boilers: Status of Technologies and Thermal Performance Modeling." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62798.

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Bottom ash from Municipal Waste fired boilers have sufficient heat content and this can be used to pre-heat the boiler feed water or the combustion air. A study of the recent developments in this area is done with a focus on the air based cooling method. Modeling and simulation of the thermal performance of an air cooled ash cooling system is done with the help of Gambit/Fluent software. Among several methods of waste disposal, incineration of Municipal Waste is opted mainly due to its energy potential and specific advantages like high volume reduction ratio and convenience in plant location. However, the inherent fuel qualities that confront this method are its high moisture and ash content and the consequent low calorific values. The fuel bed temperature in stoker fired incineration systems can reach up to 1200K and a considerable part of this heat is wasted by way of ash sensible heat loss. The methods used for ash cooling include the water cooled ash screw system, the rolling cylinder ash cooler, fluidized bed ash cooler and the high strength steel belt ash cooler. In this study, the simulation of the performance of water based and air based ash cooling systems is done for a certain municipal waste fired boiler. The effect of the two methods on the overall boiler efficiency is studied. Comparison of results with that of a working system indicates that air cooling systems can be as efficient as the water cooled systems. With the help of this study, bottom ash heat recovery, especially for waste fired boilers, will be appreciated better and power plant designers will have a better insight into this area.
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Wang, Hua, Fang He, Jianhang Hu, and Guirong Bao. "Experimental Research on Harmless Technology of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration With Direct Gasification and Ash Melting." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50337.

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A novel harmless MSW disposal, incineration technology with direct gasification and ash melting was developed, with experimental investigation. The technological process can be represented as: the pretreated MSW was put into an incinerator and incinerated in a molten bath under reduction atmosphere at a temperature range from 1300°C to 1500°C. In order to maintain the stability of the combustion process, it is needed to blast combustion-supporting coal powder from the bottom of the incinerator. Combustible gases were leaded and burned completely in a secondary swirled combustion chamber, and the heat was recycled and come into utilization. In some cases, molten slag and alloy were discharged from a same slag notch, and then they were quenched and separated each other. In other cases, melted slag and alloy were discharged from two different notches, and quenched in their own quenching pool. In both the former and the later case, the alloy was recycled and the melted slag can be used as construction materials in the same way. Experimental results form an industrial-scale pilot plant show that the investments of capital construction and running cost of this incineration system are only 65–85 percent of those of the similar types incinerator developed by western countries. It is necessary to point that 99.8 percent of dioxins involved in primary MSW were decomposed, and the dioxins content in exhausted gases and melted slag were lower than 0.01ng-TEQ/Nm3 and 0.0012ng-TEQ/g respectively.
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"Bottom Ash from Municipal Solid Waste from Incineration Plants as Mineral Additions for Concrete." In SP-229: Quality of Concrete Structures and Recent Advances in Concrete Materials and Testing. American Concrete Institute, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/14754.

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Reports on the topic "Incineration bottom ash"

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Francis, A. J., X. C. Wang, S. Chatterjee, M. F. Landry, and K. E. Forrester. Citrate extraction of heavy metals from incinerator bottom ash. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10130404.

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Hunt, L., and A. Boehmer. Development process for the stabilization of incinerator bottom ash and sizing baghouse dust material. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7082973.

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