Relevant bibliographies by topics / INCIDENT PRESSURE

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'INCIDENT PRESSURE'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "INCIDENT PRESSURE"

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Xu, Ying, Jinjin Ge, and Wei Huang. "Energy Analysis on Dynamic Fragmentation Degree of Cemented Sand Specimens under Confining Pressure." Shock and Vibration 2019 (March 27, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5893957.

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In order to study the fragmentation energy dissipation characteristics of cemented sand specimens under confining pressure and impact loads, the energy consumption of cemented sand specimens was analyzed through an impact compression and split test performed at different loading rates with different impact pressures by using a variable cross section SHPB (split Hopkinson pressure bar) with an active confining pressure loading apparatus. The results show that (1) the absorbed energy and incident energy were in a linear relationship and the proportion between them was relatively constant under confining pressure, and the absorbed energy had a quadratic relationship with the incident energy under zero confining pressure. (2) The fracture energy ratio increased with the increase in incident energy, the damage energy ratio decreased with the increase in incident energy, and the damage energy ratio were always higher than the fracture energy ratio under confining pressure. (3) The energy absorbed by the cemented sand specimens decreased sharply with the increase of confining pressure under the same incident wave energy conditions, and the reflected wave energy and transmitted wave energy increased. (4) When the incident wave energy was constant, the ratio of the energy causing surface fractures to the energy absorbed by the cemented sand specimens decreased sharply with the increase of confining pressure, while the energy causing crack growth and damage increased sharply. These conclusions may guide similar models of blasting tests in the future.
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Ma, Qin-yong, Dong-dong Ma, Pu Yuan, and Zhao-ming Yao. "Energy Absorption Characteristics of Frozen Soil Based on SHPB Test." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5378173.

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Dynamic compressive tests are performed in three frozen soil types under different stress states at freezing temperatures of −5°C and −15°C with impact loading pressures from 0.3 MPa to 0.6 MPa. The effects of frozen soil type, freezing temperature, impact loading pressures, and stress states on incident energy and energy absorption characteristics, such as absorbed energy and energy absorbency rate, are investigated. The experimental results show that most of the incident energy is reflected back to the incident bar, and incident energy linearly increases with the increase of impact loading pressures. Both absorbed energy and energy absorbency rate are found to be negatively correlated with freezing temperature, and there values under confining pressure state are larger than that under uniaxial condition. The effects of confining pressure on absorbed energy are quite different at different freezing temperatures. In addition, frozen soil type also affects absorbed energy and energy absorbency rate. Meanwhile, impact loading pressure shows an increased effect on the absorbed energy, but it has little effect on energy absorbency rate in the research.
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Webb, R. K., J. H. Van Der Walt, W. B. Runciman, J. A. Williamson, J. Cockings, W. J. Russell, and S. Helps. "Which Monitor? An Analysis of 2000 Incident Reports." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 21, no. 5 (October 1993): 529–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9302100508.

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The role of monitors in patients undergoing general anaesthesia was studied by analysing the first 2000 incidents reported to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study; 1256 (63%) were considered applicable to this study. In 52% of these a monitor detected the incident first; oximetry (27%) and capnography (24%) detected over half of the monitor detected incidents, the electrocardiograph 19%, blood pressure monitors 12%, a low pressure (circuit) alarm 8%, and the oxygen analyser 4%. Of the other monitors used, 5 first detected 1–2% of incidents, and the remaining 8 less than 0.5% each. The oximeter would have detected over 40% of the monitor detected incidents had its more informative modulated pulse tone always been relied upon instead of the “bleep” of the ECG. A theoretical analysis was then carried out to determine which of an array of 17 monitors would reliably have detected each incident had each monitor been used on its own and had the incident been allowed to evolve. To facilitate “scoring” of monitors, the incidents were categorized empirically into 60 clinical situations; 40% of applicable incidents were accounted for by only 5 clinical situations, 60% by 10 and nearly 80% by 20. 98% were accounted for by the 60 situations. A pulse oximeter, used on its own, would theoretically have detected 82% of applicable incidents (nearly 60% before any potential for organ damage). These figures for capnography are 55% and 43 % and for oximetry and capnography combined are 88% and 65%, respectively. With the addition of blood pressure monitoring these become 93% and 65%, and of an oxygen analyser, 95 and 67%. Other monitors, including the ECG, each increase the yield by by less than 0.5%. The international monitoring recommendations and those of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists are thoroughly vindicated by the patterns revealed in this study. The priority sequence of monitor acquisition for those with limited resources should be stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, oxygen analyser if nitrous oxide is to be used, pulse oximeter, capnograph, high pressure alarm, and, if patients are to be mechanically ventilated, a low pressure alarm (or spirometer with alarm); an ECG, a defibrillator, a spirometer and a thermometer should be available.
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Nemesure, B., R. Honkanen, A. Hennis, S. Y. Wu, and M. Cristina Leske. "Incident Open-angle Glaucoma and Intraocular Pressure." Ophthalmology 114, no. 10 (October 2007): 1810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.04.003.

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Stewart, Robert, Qian-Li Xue, Kamal Masaki, Helen Petrovitch, G. Webster Ross, Lon R. White, and Lenore J. Launer. "Change in Blood Pressure and Incident Dementia." Hypertension 54, no. 2 (August 2009): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.128744.

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Leske, M. Cristina. "Incident Open-Angle Glaucoma and Blood Pressure." Archives of Ophthalmology 120, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.120.7.954.

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Drew, David A., Ronit Katz, Stephen Kritchevsky, Joachim H. Ix, Michael G. Shlipak, Anne B. Newman, Andrew N. Hoofnagle, Linda F. Fried, Mark Sarnak, and Orlando M. Gutiérrez. "Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Blood Pressure in Older Adults." Hypertension 76, no. 1 (July 2020): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14703.

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FGF-23 (fibroblast growth factor 23) regulates phosphorus and vitamin D. Elevated FGF-23 is associated with incident hypertension in young- and middle-aged adults, but there is limited data in older adults. Serum FGF-23 was measured using an intact ELISA assay in 2496 participants of the Healthy Aging and Body Composition Study. The association between FGF-23 and prevalent hypertension (self-reported and confirmed by use of antihypertensive medications) and number of antihypertensive medications was determined. The associations between FGF-23 and incident hypertension, and diastolic and systolic blood pressure trajectories were evaluated over 10 years. Models were adjusted for demographics, estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and measures of mineral metabolism. The mean (SD) age was 75 (3) years, with 51% women, and 40% black participants. The prevalence of hypertension at baseline was 75% and the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 134 (21) mm Hg and 70 (12) mm Hg, respectively. The majority of participants without hypertension at baseline developed incident hypertension (576 of 1109 or 52%). In adjusted models, each 2-fold higher FGF-23 was associated with prevalent baseline hypertension (odds ratio=1.46 [1.24–1.73]) and greater number of blood pressure medications (IRR=1.14 [1.08–1.21]) but not with baseline diastolic or systolic blood pressure. In fully adjusted longitudinal analyses, a 2-fold higher FGF-23 was associated with incident hypertension (hazard ratio=1.18 [1.03–1.36]) and worsening systolic blood pressures (β=0.24 [0.08–0.40] mm Hg per year increase), but not with diastolic blood pressures (β=0.04 [−0.04 to 0.12] mm Hg per year increase). Higher FGF-23 concentrations are associated with prevalent and incident hypertension as well as rising systolic blood pressures in community-living older adults.
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Yan, Dong, Jinchang Zhao, and Shaoqing Niu. "Normal Reflection Characteristics of One-Dimensional Unsteady Flow Shock Waves on Rigid Walls from Pulse Discharge in Water." Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6958085.

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Strong shock waves can be generated by pulse discharge in water, and the characteristics due to the shock wave normal reflection from rigid walls have important significance to many fields, such as industrial production and defense construction. This paper investigates the effects of hydrostatic pressures and perturbation of wave source (i.e., charging voltage) on normal reflection of one-dimensional unsteady flow shock waves. Basic properties of the incidence and reflection waves were analyzed theoretically and experimentally to identify the reflection mechanisms and hence the influencing factors and characteristics. The results indicated that increased perturbation (i.e., charging voltage) leads to increased peak pressure and velocity of the reflected shock wave, whereas increased hydrostatic pressure obviously inhibited superposition of the reflection waves close to the rigid wall. The perturbation of wave source influence on the reflected wave was much lower than that on the incident wave, while the hydrostatic pressure obviously affected both incident and reflection waves. The reflection wave from the rigid wall in water exhibited the characteristics of a weak shock wave, and with increased hydrostatic pressure, these weak shock wave characteristics became more obvious.
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Quaisie, James Kwasi, Philip Yambah, Vitus Mwinteribo Tabie, Joseph Sekyi-Ansah, Anthony Akayeti, and Abdul-Hamid Mohammed. "The Effect of Cavitation Water Jet Shock as a Newly Technology on Micro-Forming Process." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, no. 2 (April 2, 2023): 10407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5568.

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This article proposes a novel technology called water jet cavitation shock micro-forming to fabricate micro-features on 304 stainless steel foils with a thickness of 100µm, using a cavitation nozzle with an incident pressure of 8 to 20MPa. This study investigated the surface morphology of the formed part, the influence of incident pressure, target distance, and impact time on the forming depth, and analyzed the punching phenomenon of the formed components. The experimental results after the water jet cavitation shocking indicated that the surface morphology of the formed part of the 304 stainless foil sample had good quality and no conventional defects such as die scratches and cracks. Furthermore, when the incident pressure was 20MPa, the height of the uniform-shaped spherical cap exceeded 262µm. The forming depth increased with increasing incident pressure and impact time. Under an incident pressure of 20MPa, with the increase of target distance, the average depth of the formed part increased at first and then decreased. Finally, the analysis of the blanking phenomenon indicated that when the incident pressure increased to 30MPa, the workpiece was completely blanked. This is mainly because, under this incident pressure, the shockwave pressure generated by the collapse of the bubble deforms the workpiece beyond the stress limit of the material itself.
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Cheng, Wang, Xin Qiao Liu, and Jian Guo Ning. "High Resolution Numerical Simulation of Shock-to-Detonation Transition of Condensed-Phase Explosives." Materials Science Forum 767 (July 2013): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.767.40.

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In this paper, shock-to-detonation transition for condensed phase explosives is numerically simulated by adopting high resolution numerical scheme. Fifth-order WENO scheme and third-order TVD Runge-Kutta method are employed to discretize Euler equations with chemical reaction source in space and time respectively, and parallel high resolution code is developed. Applying this code, the influence of incident pressure and pulse width on the run distance to detonation is investigated. The numerical results show that incident pressure and pulse width govern the initiation process. If appropriate values are taken for incident pressure and pulse width, the pressure will increase with the enlarging of the shock wave propagation distance, and finally the explosives reach steady detonation. The run distance to detonation is also influenced by those two factors, and it gets shorter with the increase of pulse width and incident pressure. When the incident pressure and the pulse width are small enough, the retonation phenomenon can be observed, and it becomes obvious along with the decreasing of incident pressure and pulse width.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "INCIDENT PRESSURE"

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Khalili, Payam. "Risk factors for cardiovascular events and incident hospital-treated diabetes in the population." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-24173.

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Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Well-established risk factors for CVD include increasing age, male sex, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and low socio-economic status. Traditional risk factors do, however, not fully explain cardiovascular risk in general. In this thesis we focused on two conventional risk factors (smoking, blood pressure), and two unconventional risk markers (adiponectin, an adipocyte derived protein; and sialic acid (SA), a marker of systemic inflammation) for prediction of CVD events. Aims: In Paper I we examined to what degree smoking habits modify the risk of CVD in relation to systolic blood pressure levels in middle-aged men. In Paper II we investigated the predictive role of adiponectin for risk of CVD as well as the cross-sectional associations between adiponectin and markers of glucose metabolism, also in men. In Paper III we examined if increasing pulse pressure (PP) and increasing levels of SA both increase the risk of CVD and whether their effects act in synergism. In Paper IV the association of SA with risk of incident diabetes mellitus and related complications, resulting in hospitalization, was studied. Subjects and Methods: Two large-scale, population-based, screening studies with long follow-up periods have been used. The Malmö Preventive Project (MPP) was used with 22,444 individuals in Paper I and a sub cohort of 3,885 individuals in Paper II. The Värmland Health Survey (VHS) was used in Papers III and IV with 37,843 and 87,035 individuals, respectively. Results: CVD risk increases with increasing systolic blood pressure levels and this risk is almost doubled in smokers. Total adiponectin level is not associated with increased risk of future CVD but it is inversely associated with markers of glucose metabolism. PP and SA both contribute to risk of future CVD. Adjustment for mean arterial pressure reduces the risk induced by PP. Elevated SA contributes to increased risk of incident diabetes and related complications leading to hospitalization.
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TenNapel, Mindi Joy. "Oxidative stress genes and gender-specific analysis of lifespan, blood pressure, and incident stroke in the Iowa 65+ cohort." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6651.

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Reactive oxygen species are formed internally through cellular metabolism and through external sources including radiation and pollutants. They play an important role in physiologic functions; however, when reactive oxygen species exceed our body’s antioxidant defense system, oxidative stress can occur. Oxidative stress has been implicated in aging and aging-related diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Numerous oxidative stress genes produce antioxidative enzymes to mitigate the effects of reactive oxygen species. Single nucleotide polymorphisms within these genes may impact the functionality of antioxidant enzymes produced leaving the body more susceptible to damage from oxidative stress. The Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study was one of the four study populations in the Established Population for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) project initiated by the intramural Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry Program of the National Institute on Aging in 1980. The Iowa cohort was comprised of Iowa county and Washington county residents aged 65 and older at the time of the baseline interview in 1982. Participants completed three in-person interviews and five telephone interviews over eight years which collected data on habits, lifestyle and disease. During the in-person Year 06 interview participants were asked to donate a blood sample. The DNA extracted from the samples was used in each of the three aims of this project. The first aim evaluated single nucleotide polymorphisms in selected oxidative stress genes and their association with lifespan while controlling for aging-associated risk factors such as body mass index, comorbidity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity. Multivariable linear regression models were fit in the framework of the co-dominant genetic model. The oxidative stress genes selected for this project included the sirtuin family of genes (SIRT1-7), two of the forkhead box genes (FOXO1 and FOXO3), superoxide dismutase 2 and 3 (SOD2 and SOD3), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), AKT, TP53, and CAMK4. A model was fitted with the risk factors before assessing the impact of each single nucleotide polymorphism. The q-value was used to control for the multiple hypothesis tests. Significant associations were detected between human lifespan and SNPs in genes SIRT3, SIRT5, SIRT6, FOXO3, and SOD3; gender modified the effect of SNPs in SIRT3, SIRT5, and AKT1. The second aim of this project evaluated single nucleotide polymorphisms in selected oxidative stress genes and their association with blood pressure measures while controlling for known risk factors including body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity. Blood pressure was measured at the baseline and Year 06 interviews. Systolic pressure and diastolic pressure were used to calculate mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure at baseline and Year 06. Multivariable linear regression was used within the co-dominant genetic framework to determine if single nucleotide polymorphisms in SIRT1-7, FOXO1, FOXO3, SOD2-3, GPX1, AKT, TP53, and CAMK4 were associated with systolic, diastolic, mean arterial, or pulse pressure at baseline or Year 06. To examine longitudinal effects, the difference between each measure (i.e., Year 06 systolic – baseline systolic) was calculated for each individual and used to evaluate if any of the single polymorphisms was associated with change in blood pressure measures over time. Significant associations were detected between SIRT1 and SIRT3 and for males in SIRT1 and various blood pressure measures for females. Gender modified the effect of SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6, and FOXO1 variants. The third aim of this project evaluated if these genetic variants were associated with incident stroke while controlling for known risk factors including blood pressure, diabetes, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity. Multivariable logistic regression within the framework of the co-dominant genetic model was used. Individuals with the GPX1 genotype TT had 2.76 times the risk of an incident stroke compared to the CC genotype. This project identified several associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms within oxidative stress genes and lifespan, blood pressure measures, and incident stroke. Gender modified the association of several single nucleotide polymorphisms and lifespan as well as blood pressure measures. These results suggest genetic variation within oxidative stress genes may play a role in aging, blood pressure and incident stroke.
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Pote, Timothy Ryan. "Optical Measurements of High-Viscosity Materials Using Variations of Laser Intensity Incident on a Semi-Rigid Vessel for use in Additive Manufacturing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79595.

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Additive manufacturing is a growing field dominated by printing processes that soften and re-solidify material, depositing this material layer by layer to form the printed shape. Increasingly, researchers are pursuing new materials to enable fabrication of a wider variety of associated capabilities. This includes fabrication with high-viscosity materials of many new classes of material compositions, such as doping for magnetic or electrically conducting polymers. These additives complicate the materials deposition process by requiring complex, non-linear calibration to synchronize these new candidate materials with the additive manufacturing software and hardware. In essence, additive manufacturing is highly dependent on identifying the delicate balance between materials properties, hardware, and software-which is currently realized via a time-consuming and costly iterative calibration process. This thesis is concerned with reducing this cost of calibration, in particular by providing a time-based metric based on material viscosity for material retraction at the conclusion of each extrusion. It presents a novel non-contact method of determining the material retraction rate (during reversal of extrusion), by measuring the variation in laser intensity resulting from the deformation of the material reservoir due to change in material pressure. Commercially available laser measurement systems cost more than $20,000 and are limited to 1 μm at a 300 ms (3 Hz) sampling rate. The experimental setup presented in this thesis costs less than $100 and is capable of taking measurements of 1 - 2 μm at a 0.535 ms (1870 Hz) sampling rate. For comparison, the stepper motor driving the material extruder operates at 0.667 ms (1500 Hz). Using this experimental setup, an inverse correlation is shown to exist between the viscosity of a material and the rate at which the material is retracted. Using this correlation and a simplified material analysis process, one can approximate the retraction time necessary to calibrate new materials, thereby significantly improving initial estimated calibration settings, and thus reducing the number of calibration iterations required to ready a new material for additive manufacturing. In addition, the insight provided into the material response can also be used as the basis for future research into minimizing the calibration process.
Master of Science
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Touré, Ibrahima. "Calculs d'épaisseurs optiques : Évaluation des flux de diverses composantes au sol du rayonnement solaire, application capteur plan classique et capteur à renforcement de flux incident." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10320.

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Étude de l'estimation des flux du rayonnement solaire à partir de paramètres météorologiques et géophysiques faciles à évaluer, dans les conditions de la zone sahélienne de l'Afrique de l'ouest. Un nouveau capteur dénommé "bac solaire muni de réflecteurs" est proposé pour surmonter le handicap du faible échauffement du capteur plan classique en début de matinée, et permettant d'obtenir une température de 100**(O)C avant 10 heures
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Oliveira, Saúl Álvaro Azevedo Martins de. "Exchange market pressure and incidence of currency crises in Norway." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11709.

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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e Financeira
Este artigo revê o desenvolvimento da literatura teórica sobre crises cambiais, as suas potenciais causas e sintomas a partir dos principais indicadores. É medido a pressão na taxa de câmbio da Noruega durante o período de 1990 a 2015 com o auxílio do conceito de "Exchange Market Pressure" (EMP) desenvolvido por Kaminsky et al. (1998). O modelo demonstra relevância uma vez que os resultados são consistentes com os episódios de stress/ crise do mercado cambial na Noruega durante o mesmo período. Os resultados mostram que as variáveis macroeconómicas seguem o sinal padrão esperado para Noruega.
This paper reviews the development of the theoretical literature on currency crises, their potential causes and symptoms through the study of leading indicators. A case study on the pressure upon the Norwegian exchange rate during the period from 1990 to 2015 is measured using the concept of Exchange Market Pressure (EMP) developed by Kaminsky et al. (1998). The model does a fairly competent estimation, since the results are consistent with the episodes of currency market stress/crisis in Norway during the same period. The results show that macroeconomic variables follow the expected pattern for Norway.
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Benson, Claire Margaret. "Investigations into incidents involving the kindling chain of materials in high-pressure oxygen atmospheres." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2015. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/525/.

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This thesis is a thorough examination of high-pressure enriched oxygen system design and analysis focussing on material selection and incident investigation. The aims are to develop a model to predict spontaneous ignition temperatures (SIT), enable the use of more accessible measurement apparatus, and to devise a scientific methodology to investigate oxygen incidents. Chapter 1 contains examples of incidents in high-pressure enriched oxygen and outlines current methods of material selection and incident investigation. The major flaws with the current systems are explored and the objectives of this work are identified. Chapter 2 details the current state of the knowledge in relation to oxygen incidents. Materials flammability is explored, and the importance of correct material selection is established. The criteria, standards and test methods currently used to aid this decision are assessed, and the importance of proper oxygen incident investigation is determined. Chapter 3 shows a programme of experimental work with details on the use of different apparatus for the measurement of SITs. Data acquired from the BS 4N 100 bomb test, and pressurised, and ambient, differential scanning calorimetry are recorded. The use of Thermal Desorption/Gas Chromatography is explored to identify polymer evaporation and degradation products. In Chapter 4 a simple model is developed to adapt SIT allowing calculation of the SIT of a non-metal in any pressure or oxygen concentration. Data obtained in chapter 3, and from the literature, is used to validate this model. Data on metals is also collected from the literature to be incorporated into a methodology demonstrating the kindling chain. Chapter 5 covers the development of a ‘tool kit’ for oxygen incident analysis. Understanding of ignition modes, heat transfer modelling, flow diagrams, and the SIT model are used to examine past oxygen incidents, and understand kindling chains. Chapter 6 examines ‘real life’ incidents and applies the Chapter 5 ‘tool kit’ as a clear scientific methodology, identifying likely incident ignition sources and kindling chains. Finally Chapter 7 gives conclusions, identifying the successes and limitations of this work, and points where difficulties were encountered. Areas where further scientific investigation is required are identified.
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Onoda, Erik. "Ekonomická analýza nežádoucích událostí ve zdravotnickém zařízení: dekubity." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71670.

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The purpose of this thesis was to quantify the cost of care and treatment of pressure ulcers in Thomayer University Hospital with polyclinic (FTNsP) in Prague. Present pressure ulcer monitoring system was analyzed and a transformation of the records collected by this systém in the period 2005 - 2010 was performed in order to derive the necessary data - especially the number of patient-days, displayed by severity of the pressure ulcers. Data on expenditure of materials and pharmaceuticals was obtained by questionnaire survey, conducted in 2009 among the nursing staff. The description of the incidence of pressure ulcers in FTNsP, analysis of the effect of the use of anti-decubitus mattress on the incidence of pressure ulcers and bedsores costs per patient and for the entire hospital according to a single component of direct costs and costs of extended hospital stay are the results of the thesis.
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Engler, Lucy Anne. "The relationship between the use of a tool to assess pressure sore risk and the incidence of pressure sore development /." Staten Island, N.Y. : [s.n.], 1993. http://library.wagner.edu/theses/nursing/1993/thesis_nur_1993_engle_relat.pdf.

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Weber, Christina [Verfasser], and S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Grohmann. "Dynamic modelling of incidents for the protection of helium cryostats against excessive pressure / Christina Weber ; Betreuer: S. Grohmann." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233359096/34.

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Walden, Alexander. "La vocation internationale des médias et son incidence géostratégique." Lille 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/37/25/68/PDF/THESE_Walden.pdf.

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Dans cette thèse ont été analysées les conditions et le contexte de la progression mondiale du phénomène médiatique, d'une part par l'étude des médias d'information à vocation internationale, mais aussi par l'étude des enjeux financiers qui ont transformé l'industrie de la communication en un acteur très puissant de l'économie globale. Cette implication majeure de la chose médiatique dans le système international a donné lieu à l'émergence d'une véritable opinion publique mondiale devenue le théâtre d'entreprises d'influence destinées à orienter les esprits au moyen de l'élaboration de contenus adaptés à leur hétérogénéité. Ont également été étudiés dans cette étude les moyens d'action et de réaction des Etats face à un phénomène médiatique indissociable des relations internationales et faisant fi des représentations classiques du concept de souveraineté. Les Etats eux-mêmes en ont fait un outil de propagande vouée à la mise en valeur de leurs idéologies ou de leurs politiques. De même, une présence croissante des médias dans les conflits militaires, tant comme témoins qu'en tant qu'acteurs directs ou indirects de ces guerres, a été constatée. Les incidences géostratégiques relatives à cette utilisation internationale des médias sont-elles susceptibles d'engendrer l'impuissance des Etats face aux flux d'informations, d'autant qu'un certain nombre de contraintes juridiques, économiques et techniques pèsent dorénavant sur eux ? Cet affaiblissement apparent de l'Etat ne l'a pas laissé sans réactions, certaines étant particulièrement anti-démocratiques, d'autres plus constructives et favorables à la diffusion de la pensée humaine et au progrès des sociétés dans le cadre de la mondialisation
The context and the conditions under which the media phenomenon has grown so swiftly on a worldwide basis have been analyzed throughout this thesis. On one hand by the study of international information media, on the other by the study of the financial stakes which transformed the communication industry into a powerful actor of the global economy. This major implication of the media in the international system gave rise to the emergence of a worldwide public opinion being now targeted by operations of influence destined to orient hearts and minds with specific contents. Furthermore, States' actions and reactions facing a media phenomenon, now fully part of international relations, and regardless of classical concepts of sovereignty, have been studied in this work. States themselves used media as a propaganda tool to emphasize their ideologies and policies. Besides, the growing involvement of media in military conflicts, as witnesses or now as direct and indirect actors of these wars, has been established. As a result, is the geostrategic impact due to global use of media likely to generate a growing weakness of States facing relentless flows of information especially since legal, economical and technical aspects have favored this situation? This apparent weakening of States generated reactions, some of which are particularly anti-democratic, but others more constructive and willing to contribute in the diffusion of human thought and in the progress of human societies in the globalization context
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Books on the topic "INCIDENT PRESSURE"

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Press Council of India. Special Inquiry Committee to Examine the Increasing Incidents of Attacks/Assaults on Journalists, and the Pressures/Impediments in the Way of Free Functioning of the Press in the State of Bihar. Report of the Special Inquiry Committee of the Press Council of India appointed to Examine the Increasing Incidents of Attacks/Assaults on Journalists, and the Pressures/Impediments in the Way of Free Functioning of the Press in the State of Bihar. [New Delhi]: The Council, 1992.

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Young, Harold, and Anthony Marmarou. The estimated incidence of normal pressure hydrocephalus in assisted living and extended care facilities for the senior Virginia residents: Report of the Division of Neurological Surgery at the Medical College of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond, Va: Commonwealth of Virginia, 2005.

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Sharfstein, Joshua M. Crisis Management. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697211.003.0007.

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A useful management approach for responding to crises is the incident command system. Developed in the 1970s to coordinate efforts at the scenes of fires and other disasters, incident command is now the standard management structure recommended for a broad range of disasters by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Key attributes of incident command include clear leadership, specified roles, and management by objective. Once an agency has developed the ability to activate an incident command or a modified version of incident command, it is worth using it regularly—including to better manage everyday public health challenges. Doing so builds the muscles of an organization in such areas as mobilizing resources, public communications, and decision-making under pressure.
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Measuring Pressure Ulcer Incidence and Prevalence (Clinical Monographs). EMAP Healthcare, 2000.

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Fagard, Robert, Giuseppe Mancia, and Renata Cifkova. Blood pressure. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0014.

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Prevention of hypertension can help prevent cardiovascular disease and renal complications. Obesity, a high sodium and low potassium intake, physical inactivity, and high alcohol consumption all contribute to the development of hypertension, and randomized controlled trials have shown that appropriate lifestyle modifications are able to reduce blood pressure and/or prevent the development of hypertension. The major complications of hypertension are stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and chronic kidney disease. Multiple randomized controlled trials and their meta-analyses have shown that treatment with antihypertensive drugs reduces the incidence of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events. In addition, meta-analyses have shown that there are no clinically relevant differences in the effects of the five major drug classes on outcome, so all of them are considered suitable for the initiation and maintenance of antihypertensive therapy. Nevertheless, the therapeutic approach in the elderly, women, and patients with diabetes, cerebrovascular, cardiac, or renal disease deserves special attention.
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Randerath, Winfried J., and Shahrokh Javaheri. Sleep and the heart. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0040.

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Heart function and sleep are closely associated. While NREM sleep reduces cardiac workload, phasic REM sleep increases sympathetic activity and cardiac vulnerability. Heart failure (HF) patients suffer from disturbed sleep due to frequent awakenings, periodic limb movements, sleep apnea, and depression. Insomnia seems to be associated with incident HF, and, when comorbid, results in a vicious circle. There is much evidence of a relationship between breathing disturbances during sleep and heart diseases. At least 50% of HF patients suffer from obstructive (OSA) or central (CSA) sleep apnea, both associated with impaired prognosis. OSA is a risk factor for arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and HF. Continuous positive airway pressure devices reduce adverse cardiac events and improve outcome in severe OSA in compliant subjects. Adaptive servoventilation (ASV) is superior to other therapeutic options for CSA. However, the use of ASV is contraindicated in severe HF with reduced, but not preserved, ejection fraction.
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Jenkins, Joy, Oscar Westlund, Ryan J. Thomas, and Edson C. Tandoc. Critical Incidents in Journalism. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Critical Incidents in Journalism. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Incidence and implications of atypical exercise blood pressure responses of cardiac rehabilitation patients. 1985.

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Incidence and implications of atypical exercise blood pressure responses of cardiac rehabilitation patients. 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "INCIDENT PRESSURE"

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Hooser, Jared D., Bradley S. Forsyth, Gwenael J. A. Chiffoleau, and Barry E. Newton. "Stainless Steel Plug Valve Incident in High Pressure Oxygen: Delrin®Seat and Silicone-Based Lubricant." In Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres: 14th Volume, 286–95. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp159620150074.

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Mohamed, Hafsha Fazal, Athula Samarasinghe, Shiromal Fernando, and Priyan Mendis. "Sub-Structure Soil Strengthening Using “Low-Pressure Grouting” After the Subsidence Incident of a Historic Unrefined Building—a Case Study." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 255–73. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3471-3_19.

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Daub, Dennis, Sebastian Willems, Burkard Esser, and Ali Gülhan. "Experiments on Aerothermal Supersonic Fluid-Structure Interaction." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 323–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_21.

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Abstract Mastering aerothermal fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is crucial for the efficient and reliable design of future (reusable) launch vehicles. However, capabilities in this area are still quite limited. To address this issue, a multidisciplinary experimental and numerical study of such problems was conducted within SFB TRR 40. Our work during the last funding period was focused on studying the effects of moderate and high thermal loads. This paper provides an overview of our experiments on FSI including structural dynamics and thermal effects for configurations in two different flow regimes. The first setup was designed to study the combined effects of thermal and pressure loads. We investigated a range of conditions including shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction (SWBLI) with various incident shock angles leading to, in some cases, large flow separation with high amplitude temperature dependent panel oscillations. The respective aerothermal loads were studied in detail using a rigid reference panel. The second setup allowed us to study the effects of severe heating leading to plastic deformation of the structure. We obtained severe localized heating resulting in partly plastic deformations of more than 12 times the panel thickness. Furthermore, the effects of repeated load cycles were studied.
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Berlowitz, Dan. "Incidence and Prevalence of Pressure Ulcers." In Pressure Ulcers in the Aging Population, 19–26. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-700-6_2.

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Chesnut, R. M., T. G. Luerssen, M. van Berkum-Clark, L. F. Marshall, M. R. Klauber, and B. A. Blunt. "Post-Traumatic Ventricular Enlargement in the Traumatic Coma Data Bank: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Influence on Outcome." In Intracranial Pressure VIII, 503–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77789-9_108.

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Pal, Supriya, Ritu Raj, and S. Anbukumar. "Effect of Isolated Wind Incidence on Local Peak Pressure." In Recent Trends in Construction Technology and Management, 949–59. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2145-2_70.

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Schoon, Pablo, L. Benito Mori, G. Orlandi, C. Larralde, and M. Radrizzani. "Incidence of Intracranial Hypertension Related to Jugular Bulb Oxygen Saturation Disturbances in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients." In Intracranial Pressure and Brain Biochemical Monitoring, 285–87. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6738-0_73.

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Poca, M. A., J. Sahuquillo, M. Báguena, S. Pedraza, R. M. Gracia, and E. Rubio. "Incidence of Intracranial Hypertension after Severe Head Injury: A Prospective Study Using the Traumatic Coma Data Bank Classification." In Intracranial Pressure and Neuromonitoring in Brain Injury, 27–30. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6475-4_8.

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Wang, Rui-Wu. "Homotropic Inheritance and Outbreak of Mass Incidents—Increasing Pressure Accelerates the Evolution of Altruistic Behavior." In The End of Rationality and Selfishness, 49–57. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9752-5_3.

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AlMatter, Muhammad, Adisa Kuršumovic, Stefan Wirth, Rainer Ritz, and Hubert Kimmig. "Incidental Cortical Grade III DAVF: Treatment via the Occipital Artery Using a Modified Pressure Cooker Technique." In The Arteriovenous Malformations and Fistulas Casebook, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51200-2_28-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "INCIDENT PRESSURE"

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Wu, Xingguang, Lei Hou, and Zhuang Wu. "Quantitative Analysis of the Cause-Effect Relationship of Incidents Occurred in Tank Farm Based on the Method of Logistic Regression." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93328.

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Abstract A large number of incidents occurred in the petrochemical industry due to the continuous accumulation and frequent transfer of dangerous substances. For these historical incident data, a lot of efforts have been made to analyze how and why incidents occurred by use of descriptive statistics, while scarce work was done to in-depth explore the performance characteristics of the causal factors related to different types of incidents. This paper focuses on the relative importance of different causal factors for different types of incidents. A total of 1144 incidents related to tank farms of China during the period 1960–2018 were collected and classified with regard to the intuitive consequences of incidents (fire & explosion, material loss, quality variations, equipment damage and personnel harm) and whether the domino effect was involved (domino incidents and non-domino incidents). The causal factors were classified into five major categories and subdivided into fifteen subcategories. The interaction analysis of each factor with the specific consequence type was performed. The method of logistic regression was used to quantify the relative probability of different causal factors for different types of incidents and to determine which factors have a significant effect on triggering the domino incidents. It is found that human factors and organization/management factors were more common causal factors to lead to different consequences, and the same causal factor has distinct effects on the probability of occurrence for different types of incidents. The results highlight the more critical risk factors for each type of incident and the method can be applied to provide guidance on incident prevention and safety protection.
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Shan, Ke, and Jian Shuai. "Statistical Analyses of Incidents on Oil and Gas Pipelines Based on Comparing Different Pipeline Incident Databases." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65289.

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Pipelines are regarded as one of the most practical and economical modes for transporting dangerous and combustible substances, such as oil and gas. However, the use of historical failure data in qualitative risk assessment of oil and gas pipelines is unusual due to lack of data or incomplete information. The pipeline incident database (PID) provides valuable information for researchers to identify potential threats of oil and gas pipeline systems, and catty out effective risk assessment. In this study, pipeline failure statistics such as pipeline classifications, incident definitions, failure causes and failure frequencies from the United States, Canada, Europe and United Kingdom are compared. Failure frequency of oil and gas pipelines for different kinds of primary failure causes are estimated from the statistical analysis of the mileage, pipe-related incident, and failure cause data collected by each PID. Although above-mentioned databases are established by pipeline operators in developed countries, the statistical analyses of incidents on oil and gas pipelines based on comparing different pipeline incident databases can benefit the quantitative risk assessment of pipeline systems also in some developing countries where pipeline incident database haven’t been established.
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Rothenhöfer, Horst. "PLiM Lessons After Fukushima." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97535.

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After each severe nuclear incident new safety requirements arise. So the desirable action list gets longer and more specific every time. On the other hand way too many plants have not yet implemented lessons learned from past incidents. The challenge is to prioritize required and desirable measures and implement them incrementally in the sense of continuous improvements. In parallel, there is the plant life management process (PLiM) that gives the framework for single measures. Each remarkable event has to be assessed with PLiM criteria. Could the event have been prevented by implementing the state of the scientific and technical knowledge or has something happened that requires an update of this knowledge? Some details of the Fukushima event are discussed in the paper. These examples demonstrate that safety can be improved just by the application of proven practices which some operators have applied many years before the Fukushima incident. More examples, not only from the Fukushima incident are given in the paper. The conclusion of all these details is that it is necessary to share and implement best practices in a continuous PLiM process rather than defining new safety requirements after single severe incidents. Nuclear safety primarily does not require new knowledge but to take responsibility and implement measures according to available knowledge. This insight links PLiM to the need for an appropriate safety culture, both of which are prerequisite for nuclear safety. The motivation for operators to implement these practices is not only to improve safety but to maximize uptime of a plant and deciding for relevant measures which pays back the money invested in the long run.
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Perez, E. H., and R. D. Dixon. "Lessons Learned From a Vessel Explosion Caused by Human Error." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1840.

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The object of this paper is to describe the details of a vessel explosion caused by human error, the incident investigation including engineering analysis of the explosion observations, and the recommended changes that were implemented to avoid a similar incident in the future. Fortunately, this incident did not cause any personal injuries. Stress analysis of the Breech Nut threads was performed to determine if the Breech Nut could be safely used after the incident. Released energy and missile analyses were performed to verify the assumptions made on the source of the explosion.
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Koki, Saito, and Watanabe Tomohiro. "Thermal Fatigue Cracking due to Intermittently Flowing Drain Water in Steam Piping." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21396.

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Abstract In a petrochemical plant, a steam leak incident happened due to a through-wall crack, which was found around the branch connection between the superheated steam pipe header and the branch pipe for the safety valve. Similar cracks had been observed in the Normally No Flow (NNF) line pipes sometimes. We decided to investigate the cause of these cracks. The crack was found along the circumferential welding line of the branch connection. According to the microfractography, the origin of the crack was internal surface of the pipe and it propagated through the thickness of the wall. Striations were observed on the fracture surface, and it showed the fatigue effect. All the NNF line pipes where the leak incidents occurred were installed upward and then connected to the horizontal pipe toward the safety valve. Infrared thermographic testing revealed that the steam drain pooled in the horizontal pipes was flowing intermittently toward the superheated steam pipe header. Cyclic thermal stress was sure to occur in the damaged area with calculation by FEM, and the cause was assumed to be thermal fatigue cracking due to intermittent dripping of drain water condensed in the NNF pipe. We decided to correct the slope of the horizontal pipe so that the drain was not pooled. Also, we checked all other NNF line pipes upwards and confirmed that there was no possibility of a similar incident due to drain in the horizontal pipe.
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Fourmann, J., H. Aubert, P. Pons, J. Luc, A. Lefrancois, M. Lavayssiere, and A. Osmont. "Incident pressure measurement in air blast using wireless sensors." In 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2016.7696706.

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Geng, Jihui, and J. Kelly Thomas. "Diffracted Blast Loads Behind Structures." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21514.

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Abstract An incident blast wave interacting with a building will diffract around the side walls and roof, resulting in reduced blast loads on the back wall. There is also a region behind the back wall where the blast loads will be attenuated (i.e., lower than the incident blast loads). This paper focuses on defining the attenuated blast load region as a function of the blast wave strength and building dimensions. Characteristic parameters are utilized to present the analysis results, including wave length, wave length normalized by a characteristic building dimension, and normalized standoff distance from the building back wall. Blast load adjustment factors (i.e., ratio of the diffracted to incident blast load) are used to define the blast load attenuation as a function of these characteristic parameters. The purpose of this work was to generate a database of the shock attenuation behind a structure for engineering modeling applications.
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Aumuller, John J., Zihui Xia, and Vincent A. Carucci. "A Review and Remediation of a Code Non-Compliance Incident: Lessons Learned." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78130.

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The ASME Codes address the needs of industry and the public for the construction of safe equipment for pressure containment. The two basic philosophies underlying the requirements of the ASME VIII sections are “rules based” design versus “design by analysis”. Code contributors have written extensively on the need for Code users to apply common sense when using the Code. This message is often lost in the confusion when atypical mechanical design details have been intentionally or inadvertently used. Those atypical design details that can be identified during the review process can be easily resolved; details that are discovered after construction completion and, worse yet, just prior to operation can be devastating to a project. The Code places emphasis on education, experience and the use of engineering judgment but, these can never be used to overrule mandatory requirements or specific prohibitions of the Code. A specific incident is reviewed wherein the regulatory authority of the jurisdiction intervened and de-registered a vessel design due to Code non-compliance. Although the deficient detail was thought to be better, based on consideration of engineering principles, than the detail strictly meeting Code requirements, the as-constructed detail was rejected by the regulatory authority. Extensive field rework ensued to modify the detail to conform to Code, and of course the costs were very high. This paper reviews the engineering issues, illustrates the motivation for the Code requirements, and serves as a reminder to Code users to be vigilant in the details of Code construction.
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Nio, Amanda, Alessandro Faraci, Kirsten Christensen-Jeffries, Robert Eckersley, Mark Monaghan, Jason Raymond, Flemming Forsberg, and Pablo Lamata. "The subharmonic amplitude of SonoVue increases with hydrostatic pressure at low incident acoustic pressures." In 2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2017.8091873.

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Nio, Amanda Q. X., Alessandro Faraci, Kirsten Christensen-Jeffries, Robert J. Eckersley, Mark J. Monaghan, Jason L. Raymond, Flemming Forsberg, and Pablo Lamata. "The subharmonic amplitude of SonoVue increases with hydrostatic pressure at low incident acoustic pressures." In 2017 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.2017.8092984.

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Reports on the topic "INCIDENT PRESSURE"

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Maidanik, G., and J. Dickey. Reflection of Incident Pressure Waves by Ribbed Panels. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada233671.

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Leis, Brian, and Tom McGaughy. PR-185-163731-R01 Time-delayed Failure in X65 Moderate-toughness Line-pipes. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011483.

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A gouge, or a dent and gouge in pipelines can fail at a constant pressure after some period of time has elapsed, and is commonly referred to as a time-delayed failure. Such behavior has been observed both in the laboratory and in the field. Older pipelines are more likely to fail during or immediately after damage due to limited toughness. Tougher modern pipelines can survive significant damage and can be susceptible to stable tearing upon re-rounding of the damaged pipe. Under certain circumstances, this combination of factors has the potential to promote delayed failure over a period of time. Incident experience indicates that for modern line pipe steels this combination of factors can lead to failures with significant consequences. This combination, coupled with the expanding use of inline inspection (ILI) by which previously undetected damage might be identified, points to the need to better understand the response of such features as the basis to develop guidelines for integrity management and for first responders dealing with more immediate concerns. Results are presented for a total of eight axial part through-wall defects in X65 pipes subjected to step-increasing sustained pressures, until a leak or instability occurred at one of the features. The associated test pressure histories were designed to simulate field conditions that are relevant to service at 72% of specified minimum yield stress (SMYS), as well as at 100% of specified minimum yield stress, as might occur in a hydrotest.
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Leis, B. N., O. C. Chang, and T. A. Bubenik. GTI-000232 Leak vs Rupture for Steel Low-Stress Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011871.

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Pipeline codes and regulations worldwide have less stringent requirements for low-wall stress pipelines. Factors underlying this include a reduced exposure zone as pipeline pressure decreases and the expectation that leaks occur for lower wall stress. This report evaluates leak versus rupture as a function of wall stress with a focus on pipelines operating between 20 to 40 percent of the specified minimum yield stress. Potential threats to the integrity of low-stress pipelines are identified and worst-case scenarios for these threats evaluated to determine leak versus rupture as a function of wall stress. The evaluation is based on an assessment of existing full-scale test data, incident experience in the United States, and mechanics and fracture calculations.
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Geng, Chen, Lin Lv, Yanlin Yang, Chung Yuet-Foon, and Lin Han. The Prevalence and Incidence of Community-acquired pressure injury: Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.8.0044.

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Zhou, Yujun, Qing Wang, Lin Lv, Hongyan Zhang, Dongli She, Long Ge, and Lin Han. Predictors of pressure injury in patients with hip fracture: a meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0028.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of pressure injury in patients with hip fracture in order to provide a reference for clinical practice. Condition being studied: Hip fracture has become a major public health issue of common concern in both developed and developing countries. and its incidence is estimated to rise to 6.26 million by 2050. Hip fracture patients are prone to various complications during treatment and rehabilitation, and pressure injury (PI) is one of the common complications of hip fracture. Studies have reported that the incidence of pressure injury in patients with hip fracture is 3.4%-59.8%. In addition, pressure injury may occur at any time when patients with hip fracture are hospitalized, which not only greatly aggregates the pain of patients, but also increases the difficulty of treatment and nursing, and seriously threatens the safety of patients. Clarifying the influencing factors of pressure injury after hip fracture will help medical staff quickly identify high-risk patients and strengthen preventive measures. However, previous studies have only discussed the influence of individual factors on the occurrence of pressure injury in patients with hip fracture from the perspectives of diabetes and early surgery, and there is still a lack of systematic analysis on the influencing factors of pressure injury in patients with hip fracture.
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Dinovitzer. L52048 Evaluation of the Interaction of Mechanical Damage on Welds. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010393.

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Failures in transmission pipelines are often the result of mechanical damage. The US DOT has indicated that 20 to 40 percent of the serious pipeline incidents in any given year are related to mechanical damage. This damage is due to third party activities, mishandling during construction, pipeline bedding material consolidation, or ground movement. This project report includes a discussion of the following work: Development of a criteria for weld interaction with restrained rock dents, pipe ovality and wrinkles; Development of a means of considering pressure fluctuation severity in these criteria, and Development of guidance and recommendations on how to consider the effects of soil confinement.
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Yang, Jianguo, Fuyu Zhao, Xinpeng Zhou, Yuying sun, Xueping Lun, Jiaojiao Cao, and Bing Fan. Survival and prognosis analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus-pulmonary hypertension: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.4.0017.

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Review question / Objective: The study aimed to evaluate survival rates and prognosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) using meta-analysis. (P: patients with SLE-PH; I: No intervention; C: No comparator; O: survival and prognosis; S: meta-analysis). Condition being studied: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening condition characterized by elevated pulmonary arteries pressure due to increased pulmonary vascular resistance1. Symptoms of PH are nonspecific but typically include exertional dyspnea and fatigue. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by aberrant immune activity leading to variable clinical manifestations ranging from mild fatigue and joint pain to severe and life-threatening organ damage. Recent data from lupus registries have provided more accurate estimates of SLE incidence and prevalence, which showed Lupus is more common in non-white populations.
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Semiga. PR-218-063511-R01 Inventory of Types of Mechanical Damage Experienced by Gas and Oil Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010630.

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The project focused on compiling an inventory of mechanical damage experienced by gas and oil pipelines to ensure that the capability or applicability of models being developed or used to predict pipe behavior in the presence of mechanical damage are representative of actual experience.� The inventory was developed through the use of a survey sent to a variety of pipeline operators requesting information regarding mechanical damage incidents reported through both in-line inspection operations and field dig reports.� The information provided included the type of mechanical damage experienced, the possible source of the damage, the significance of the defects in terms of whether or not they resulted in leaks or ruptures, and how frequently they occur on pipelines of various sizes and grades.� The result of this work has at least two important uses.� In the short-term, the results can be used on a related project, MD-2B, which is intended to develop a model for ranking severity of ILI indications associated with mechanical damage and dents from the standpoint of response times for remediation.� In the longer term, the results can be of use to model developers who are trying to develop or improve mechanics-based models for predicting the failure pressure levels of mechanically damaged pipe segments.
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Alexander and Bedoya. L52328 Composite Repair of Mechanically-Damaged Pipes. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010019.

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Composite materials continue to gain wider acceptance in the pipeline industry for repairing a range of pipeline anomalies. This success is due in large part to two factors. The first contributor is the execution of comprehensive research programs such as the first PRCI MATR-3-3, State of the Art Assessment of Composite Repair Systems and this second program contained herein focused on evaluating composite materials to repair damaged pipelines. The second factor associated with the widespread use of composite materials is the successful two-decade history that composite materials have had in repairing pipelines. While there have been a few unfortunate incidents in the field (primarily related to poor installation), composite materials have proven themselves to be well suited for repairing high pressure gas and liquid pipelines. The need existed for a set of integrity assessment procedures and guidelines to ensure proper use and application of composite repair materials for mechanically-damaged pipes. The results of this program indicate that when properly designed and installed, composite repair systems are able to restore integrity to mechanically-damaged pipes to a state that makes them fit for continued use at their normal design conditions. When composite materials are used for repairs, whether the repair involves corrosion, dents, or other anomalies, an integrity assessment should be completed. The integrity assessment procedures and guidelines presented in this report include an estimate of the future operating conditions to ensure that the design is adequate for the intended service.
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Madrzykowski, Daniel. Firefighter Equipment Operational Environment: Evaluation of Thermal Conditions. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/igfm4492.

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The goal of this study was to review the available literature to develop a quantitative description of the thermal conditions firefighters and their equipment are exposed to in a structural fire environment. The thermal exposure from the modern fire environment was characterized through the review of fire research studies and fire-ground incidents that provided insight and data to develop a range of quantification. This information was compared with existing standards for firefighting protective equipment to generate a sense of the gap between known information and the need for improved understanding. The comparison of fire conditions with the thermal performance requirements of firefighter protective gear and equipment demonstrates that a fire in a compartment can generate conditions that can fail the equipment that a firefighter wears or uses. The review pointed out the following: 1. The accepted pairing of gas temperature ranges with a corresponding range of heat fluxes does not reflect all compartment fire conditions. There are cases in which the heat flux exceeds the hazard level of the surrounding gas temperature. 2. Thermal conditions can change within seconds. Experimental conditions and incidents were identified in which firefighters would be operating in thermal conditions that were safe for operation based on the temperature and heat flux, but then due to a change in the environment the firefighters would be exposed to conditions that could exceed the protective capabilities of their PPE. 3. Gas velocity is not explicitly considered within the thermal performance requirements. Clothing and equipment tested with a hot air circulating (convection) oven are exposed to gas velocities that measure approximately 1.5 m/s (3 mph). In contrast, the convected hot gas flows within a structure fire could range from 2.3 m/s (5 mph) to 7.0 m/s (15 mph). In cases where the firefighter or equipment would be located in the exhaust portion of a flow path, while operating above the level of the fire, the hot gas velocity could be even higher. This increased hot gas velocity would serve to increase the convective heat transfer rate to the equipment and the firefighter, thereby reducing the safe operating time within the structure. 4. Based on the limited data available, it appears currently available protective clothing enables firefighters to routinely operate in conditions above and beyond the "routine" conditions measured in the fire-ground exposure studies conducted during the 1970s. The fire service and fire standards communities could benefit from an improved understanding of: • real world fire-ground conditions, including temperatures, heat flux, pressure, and chemical exposures; • the impact of convection on the thermal resistance capabilities of firefighting PPE and equipment; and • the benefits of balancing the thermal exposures (thermal performance requirements) across different components of firefighter protective clothing and safety equipment. Because it is unlikely due to trade offs in weight, breathe-ability, usability, cost, etc., that fireproof PPE and equipment will ever be a reality, fire officers and fire chiefs need to consider the capabilities of the protection that their firefighters have when determining fire attack strategies and tactics to ensure that the PPE and equipment is kept within its design operating environment, and that the safety buffer it provides is maintained.
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