Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Incertitude de la Politique Commerciale'
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Tang, Yuanzhe. "Three essays on trade dynamics, trade policy uncertainty and business cycle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAX046.
Full textThis thesis aims to understand the effects of trade policy uncertainty, the business cycle, and firms' idiosyncratic shocks on firms’ trade decisions and to examine how to design a more efficient trade agreement. The thesis is motivated by the recent increase in trade policy uncertainty, such as the US-China trade war; business cycle fluctuations, such as the 2008-2009 Great Recession; and the signature of the Phase One deal, which includes an outcome-based agreement, namely the Expanding Trade chapter. Chapter 1 investigates how trade policy uncertainty and demand learning jointly affect exporting decisions by constructing a model that incorporates both factors. The model provides several novel insights into export decisions and is almost always tractable. Additionally, by focusing on a specific set of products among WTO countries, the chapter empirically tests the model's predictions and finds suggestive evidence. Chapter 2 examines the survival of French firms in the exporting/importing market over the business cycle, a topic that has not been studied in the literature. After controlling for the initial characteristics of export/import spells, the chapter studies the effect of business cycle conditions at birth and in the current year on firms' survival. Chapter 3 compares outcome-based agreements, such as the Expanding Trade chapter, with instrument-based trade agreements, such as the WTO, in an incomplete contract framework where contracting is costly and state is uncertain. The chapter focuses on the trade-off between solving terms-of-trade manipulation and better reacting to state uncertainty and gives clear pairwise and triple-wise comparisons between the non-state-contingent outcome-based agreement and other instrument-based agreements
Paris, Marjolaine. "Relations d'affaires franco-nigérianes : l'émergence de configurations sociales et commerciales internationales - Échange, incertitude et stratégies identitaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778140.
Full textHaddar, Marwa. "Essays on firm-level political risk and corporate finance." Thesis, Paris Est, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PESC0011.
Full textThe world is now changing with lightening speed. The greatest of those changes are occurring in the political and technological spheres. Geopolitical shifts have brought politics and business closer together. Political upheavals are incessantly reshaping the circumstances in which individuals, societies, and companies operate, which doesn't make markets in total isolation from politics. Politics molds and constrains markets through its rules, norms, and institutions. Trade regimes, sanctions, and national laws, for instance, shape businesses' environment. Tumultuous reverses, such as wars and revolutions, and other minor events, such as social activism and cyber threats, still take firms by surprise. Therefore, firms are forced to plan and act beyond their immediate environment. The meaning of political risk has changed. A few decades ago, political risk could be summarized in governmental actions, such as industry-related regulations or assets seizing in dictatorships. Today, however, governments are no longer the only arbiter. The twenty-first-century political risk has a broader and more complicated meaning. A civil war in Syria results in a refugee crisis in Europe. An anti-Chinese protest in Vietnam fuels stock-outs in the clothing industry in America. Rice and Zegart (2018) define the twenty-first-century political risk as “the probability that a political action could affect a company in significant ways.” Put in the most elemental terms, political actions emphasize the growing impact of risk generators outside army barracks and party headquarters. In today's competitive markets, firms need to consider all risks engendered by the widening array of global political actors, journalists, social activists, documentary filmmakers, etc. Historically, revolutions, nationalization, seizure of assets were the political risk chorus. However, for the modern-day global firms consider this risk on much more and more aspects. Thus, companies, and particularly international firms see the market as a global place and they plan their strategies accordingly. SeaWorld story, among many others, points out that firms can be dramatically blindsided by political actions of small groups of people and the power of individuals charged by connective technologies. The twenty-first-century political environment is an important external factor of uncertainty for firms. It can, therefore, constrain or foster their growth opportunities and survival. This thesis addresses the relationship between the modern-day politics and corporate financial decisions. So far, prior research studies have only focused on country-level and sector-level measures of political risk in the absence of direct ones. This dissertation, instead, traces through the ways in which political risk can affect U.S. firms' behaviour, using a new firm-level proxy to measure the risk. My dissertation is a three-paper compilation of studies related to political risk and corporate finance. In my first paper, I examine the effect of firm-level political risk on corporate cash holdings and cash management. The second paper investigates whether firm-level political risk affects trade credit provision. Finally, the third paper tackles the issues in measurement of political risk and examines the effect of the novel political risk measure on corporate investment and financing decisions
Dalmasso, David André Joseph. "La politique commerciale endogène." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0039.
Full textIn the endogenous protection theory, the imperfections of the political system replace those of the market as analytical foundations of governments' decisions : protection supply is no longer taken as a data, but it arises from interactions between politics, lobbies and voters on a political market. The thesis exposes endogenous protection models in order to explain the use of political instruments as volontary export restraints on the one hand, and to present a welfare analysis of the whole society on the other hand. Therefore we introduce consumers who are hardly the main losers of negociations but are still kept out of the political process in these models. We show that consumers' rent-defending activities undoubtedly reduce the social costs of quantitative restrictions decided by a government
Dalmasso, David. "La politique commerciale endogène /." Paris : Connaissances et savoirs, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41413830c.
Full textBounoung, Fouda Boniface. "Impact de l'AGOA sur les pays élégibles : dynamique des échanges, dynamique de structure et dynamique des taux de croissance." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289297.
Full textFourneaux, Germain. "Politique et incertitude chez Claude Lefort." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24291/24291.pdf.
Full textHoualet, Caroline. "Politique commerciale commune et marché intérieur." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN11005.
Full textThere is an incontrovertible dialectic between the completion of the internal market and convergence towards an integrated common trade policy. Without genuine common european import and export policies, the integration process will stall. It follows that without a will to act together, the effectiveness of both policies will be compromised. TTe reality of community integration is at stake. TTe aim is to define a new european and worlwide framework for international relations
Sadni-Jallab, Mustapha Sandretto René. "L'antidumping." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2004/sadni-jallab_m.
Full textMoll, Maryse. "Filière céréalière et politique commerciale au Sénégal." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100159.
Full textThe cereals policy launched by Senegal in 1985 was based on the privatization of cereals channels, with the exception of rice, which remained temporarily under public management. Ten years later, it did not seem likely to reach its goals (a higher degree of self sufficiency, an improvement of the rural income/urban income, a lesser external dependance). These goals seemed pertinent to food policy, but the means were questionnable. In the rainfed crops area, cereals producers, facing widely varying yields and prices, could not use price and profitability as a basis of decision. Instead, they seemed to give a priority to subsistence farming. Unsuited credit clauses hindered fertilization. As a result, the production showed no sign of increase. The rice channel was privatized after the devaluation of 1994. Unprotected, having to absorb the raise of inputs prices, its production went down in the next 3 years, and rice imports went up. As regards rice, the removal of the irrigated rice channel protection could be questionned, because of the large variations of rice international price, a dubious reference. A partial shift of local demand from imported rice to rainfed local cereals, particularly to millet, was possible but could not materialize because their production, while widely fluctuating, showed no sign of growth. A substitution of local to imported rice would've been easy, but it bumped against the local rice difficulties. The grain trade seemed to be generally competitive. In order to foster production and consumption of local cereals, some proposals could be made, among which : for peasants : an imput credit on a 3 or 4 years basis, with modulated repayment, a guarantee based on ground and regulating tax on imported rice ; a regulation of cereals prices, made by an organisation in charge of that mission of general interest, able to operate as a trader inside and outside the country, and keeping links with the grain processing industries ; a security stock
Ha-Duong, Minh. "Comment tenir compte de l'irreversabilite dans l'evaluation integree du changement climatique ?" Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0060.
Full textThis ph. D. Thesis in economics balances discounting, technical progress and the inertia of existing capital stock against uncertainty and the inertia of socio-economic systems to examine the issue of near term limitations of greenhouse gases emissions. After a general overview in chapter 2, and an more historical presentation of the debates in chapter 3, chapter 4 proceeds to reviewing a large number of integrated assessment models. Chapter 5 introduces a model on the dynamics of inertia and adaptability of energy systems : diam, used to discuss how much previous studies overestimated the long term costs of co@ limitations and underestimated adjustment costs. It shows the optimality of atmospheric co@ concentration stabilisation, even under relatively mild assumptions for climate damages. In a sequential decision framework, chapter 6 shows that current uncertainties about which co@ concentration ceiling would not present dangerous interference with the climate system justifies precautionary action. Finally, chapter 7 uses the irreversibility effect theory to define, formally situations of 'decision under controversy' and compare the irreversibility of co@ accumulation with the irreversibility of investments needed to moderate it. An option value for greenhouse gases emissions limitations is computed
Viroleau, Franck. "Lobbying et politique commerciale : l'influence des groupes d'intérêt sur les modalités de l'ouverture commerciale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100140.
Full textThe seeming resurgence of protectionism, following the 2008 economic crisis, is paradoxical when the dominant economic theory argues for free trade. There is, however, a broad body of research that explains protectionism. Amongst this research, multiple arguments lead to privilege the theoretical framework of political economy.The purpose of this thesis is to study the influence of interest groups on economic policy decisions that deal with trade opening.To carry out this analysis, this thesis (i) outlines existing models to account for this influence and (ii) proposes a complementary model for this purpose. The theoretical bases of this model are then combined with contributions from the political economy literature in order to (iii) implement a computable general equilibrium model (CGEM) applied to a hypothetical economy and (iv) a second model applied to Tunisia, with the objective of studying the influence of lobbying on how these economies are opening up.The main lessons of this thesis are as follows: (i) No model would integrate these activities in a satisfactory manner into a CGEM. Such a model shows that (ii) the elasticity of political cost to subsidies plays a decisive role in limiting the distortions created by lobbying activities. It is revealed, by means of CGEM applied to a hypothetical economy, in a context of decreases in tariffs, that (iii) lobbying is detrimental to the growth of trade opening and that, in Tunisia, (iv) a subsidy on intermediate consumption attained by lobbying does not display stable and significant effects on the evolution of trade opening
Naccache, Sonia. "Economie politique de la protection commerciale en Tunisie." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0041.
Full textLanzi, Thomas. "Manipulation d'information et incertitude scientifique : trois essais." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100141.
Full textIn many economic problems, decision-makers have not necessary knowledge and have recourse to expert to make decision. However, expert can manipulate their private information in order to satisfy their own interest. A first part of this thesis is interested to this problem by considering face to face communication between an expert and a decision maker. We analyse the strategic information revelation through different communication mechanism. In particular, we consider an incentive mechanism for truthful information disclosure, a Cheap-Talk mechanism and a Persuasion mechanism. Moreover, in a situation of hard uncertainty, we compare decisions resulting from two criteria of decisions which try to convey two different interpretations of the precautionary principle, the Maxmin EU criterion and the minimization of the maximum of the regret expectation criterion
Marcotte, René. "Politique commerciale Américaine et délégation législative, 1920-1993." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25457/25457.pdf.
Full textKohler, Philippe. "Une analyse économique de la protection commerciale conditionnelle." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10016.
Full textLAGUECIR, NADJETTE. "Marches incomplets et incertitude extrinseque : une approche en equilibre general." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR1EC10.
Full textBerhrmann, Thomas. "Herrscher und Hansestädte : Studien zum diplomatischen Verkehr im Spätmittelalter /." Hamburg : J. Kovač, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391331294.
Full textBrémond, Alice. "Incertitude et processus de négociation." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010062.
Full textThis research deals with the role of uncertainty in the negotiation process. Making use of the theory of bounded rationality, a new concept is introduced to help explain why certain negotiations fail to lead to agreement. This concept is named uncertainty concerning one's own interests in the negotiation. This research aims to explore how particular strategies may help to unblock failing negotiations by removing uncertainty. Two hypotheses are offered to explore the consequences of this uncertainty in the negotiation process. Firstly, it is argued that the presence of uncertainty may conceal the existence of possible grounds for agreement between the two parties and thus hinder progress. Secondly, concrete solutions are suggested which would reduce the level of uncertainty and thus favour the completion of successful negotiations. Emphasis is placed on the need to remove ambiguity from key negotiating points by clearly signalling the area of uncertainty. This research shows that focusing attention on uncertainty concerning one's own interests in the negotiation ; serves to reduce uncertainty. Indeed, the progress of reducing uncertainty may itself form part of the negotiation process. These two hypotheses are tested in two real negotiation situations : the reduction of working time in france and the establishment by I. B. M. Of a european works council
Vézina, Sylvain. "Politique commerciale et structure tarifaire, un essai de tarification endogène." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25758.pdf.
Full textKohn, Judith. "Choix de politique commerciale et croissance : application à l'économie palestinienne." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32051.
Full textCan trade liberalization promote the Palestinian economic development ? According to modern theories of endogeneous growth, we assume that oppennes fosters growth primarly through the transmission of technological knowledge. Thus should the Palestinian Authority opt for regional integration and to which state in the region should it open his borders ? To Israel, caracterized by its large stock of new technologies in spite of the development gap or is it more benefic to open to Arabic neighbouring countries like Jordan or Egypt, much closer to Palestianian stage of development but less advanced technologically. .
Nolte, Burkhard. "Merkantilismus und Staatsräson in Preußen : Absicht, Praxis und Wirkung der Zollpolitik Friedrichs II. in Schlesien und in westfälischen Provinzen (1740-1786) /." Marburg : Herder-Institut, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39910646b.
Full textArcuri, Luigi. "Cooperation bilaterale et expansion commerciale l'experience italienne." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0024.
Full textThe study takes up the relation between the economic bilateral co-operation and his parallel goal of the commercial expansion. It analyses the "link" between them focusing especially on the: - incorporation of the co-operation policies in to the economic policies; - the role of the public and of me private sector; - the financial arrangements (e. G. : external import financing, mixed credits, aid credits) and the enterprise association formulas (e. G. : joint ventures) necessaries for the construction of the "link". The italian co-operation experience is the empirical reference allowing the understanding of how the "link" co-operation-commercial expansion works
Villion, Jérôme. "Théorie du regret, incertitude et pessimisme." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN0614.
Full textSenemek, Nuri. "La Politique commerciale endogène : les enseignements de l'expérience européenne (1982-1996)." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a00647e2-2482-44ae-a8f4-721c636308b2.
Full textLaffont, del Cardayre Catherine. "La politique commerciale de la CEE vis-à-vis du Japon." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX32006.
Full textIn front of the growing imbalance in the trade exchanges between e. E. C. And japan, the e. E. C. Tried to restore its exclusive competence in the field of commercial policy, to normalize the japan - e. E. C. Relations. To achieve this aim, the e. E. C. Came up against divergent policies of the member states and difficulties to cause the opening of japanese market. The community couldn't limit the multiplication of national protecting actions taken by the multiplication of national protecting actions taken by the member states, without carrying itself a defensive strategy to offer a sectorial protection for the community market. This defensive strategy represente the "protectionist" dimension of the commercial policy, as opposed to the "liberal" dimension leading to the opening of the japanese market, and may be strengthened in view ef the 1992 single european market
Peytral, Pierre Olivier. "Entre libre-échange et protection : la politique commerciale d'ouverture sélective : une interprétation en termes d'économie politique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENE011.
Full textThe dichotomy “free trade versus protection” structures the analysis of trade policy in the textbooks of international trade. By analyzing the respective impacts of free trade and protection policies on resources allocation and well-being, the standard models, first and foremost the HOS model, conclude on the Pareto optimality of free trade. The normative requirement is then that all countries should pursue a policy of free exchange to get the prices right. However, empirical studies highlight the shift of the normative prescription: trade policies practiced include, in varying proportions between countries, between industries and between goods, measures aimed, simultaneously and selectively, export promotion, import substitution and the creation of easier access to imports. Therefore, policies followed are neither free trade nor strictly protectionist, but mixed a priori. This observation led to the development of models analyzing the effects on the general equilibrium of the application of various instruments of trade policy, and specifying the various potential forms of this policy. In particular, it is explained that the mixed trade policy is a true policy alternative. Selective interventions are then justified by the presence of dynamic comparative advantages that determine and guide interventions towards specific industries oriented towards the domestic market and / or the international one. But the theoretical basis enjoyed by mixed trade policy does not help to understand the political process through which this policy is chosen. It does not open the black box to penetrate the nucleus of political choices. This is what political economy can achieve. The theoretical explanation of the object "mixed trade policy" is at the crossroads of two approaches constituting the political economy of protection: society-centered approach and State-centered approach. While the first approach explains that politics is shaped by the interests and preferences of the most powerful private actors (or groups of) present on the national territory, the latter considers that the policy is a function of political institutions and political actors who seek to satisfy their interest and preference given national and international constraints they face. The mixed trade policy can be analyzed from different perspectives as endogenous determinants that intends to promote. Ultimately, the mixed trade policy is a political and institutional compromise between actors with heterogeneous preferences, which is partially undermined by international political constraints and ideational influences. The institutional and political compromise result from the division of the government induced by an unequal distribution of power of decision (based on political institutions) between veto players (composite actor having a veto in the process of political decision-making), and the heterogeneity of their preferences. The policy chosen, and associated institutions, must satisfy the interest of each veto player, implying compensatory measures and taking into account the institutional legacy. Not without resistance, the flexibility with which mixed trade policy can be used is reduced by the international political constraints and / or, upstream, the internal political balance in the structure of domestic preferences changed by them and by the international ideational influences
Benahmed, Nora. "Micro-entreprise et micro-crédit : approche par site, expériences marocaines." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/95eb0618-8fef-4d03-a6df-75c181ba6ade.
Full textPiférini, Jean-François. "Irréversibilité, incertitude et investissement : estimations économétriques sur données agrégées françaises." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082337.
Full textIn this thesis, we study and apply a new theoretical approach to capital investment decisions of firms, stressing the irreversibility of most invest-ment decisions and the ongoing uncertainty of the economic environ-ment in which those decisions are made. When investment is irreversible and future profits are incertain, there may be a value of waiting because of the ongoing stream of new information. The new theory contradicts the orthodox textbook view of invesment. Following an introductory chapter presenting the traditionnal models, we explore the new theorical and empirical approach to firm's investment behaviour. Then, several models of investment under uncertainty are implemented. A variety of methods have been used to study the empirical implication of irreversibility in investment. The empirical studies made from agregate french data investigate both the relationship between investment flows and proxy measures of uncertainty and the path of agregate investment
Ngniado, Nognou Edwige. "Incertitude et mise en oeuvre de la politique monétaire dans la CEMAC." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0014/document.
Full textThe experience of the recent financial crisis has strengthened the importance of the introduction of uncertainty inthe monetary policy design. This thesis has the objective to assess different implications of the uncertainty in themonetary policy strategy conducted within the BEAC. For this, we have evaluated the degree of independence ofthat institution and one of the prominent results was the requirement for central banks to be more independentbeside their governments, especially during financial stress period, in order to give more credit to policyimplementation. After an identification of different forms of uncertainty that may characterize the specificcontext of the CEMAC zone, it has appeared in our study that the heterogeneity problem of monetary policytransmission in this monetary union is the main source of uncertainty for policymakers. Through a simpledescriptive analysis, we were able to evaluate asymmetries transmission. The study reveals that theimplementation of an expansionary monetary policy, characterized by an increase of the money supply does notnecessarily provide the same effects from one country to another. Although the analysis of heterogeneity revealsheterogeneous financial structures, the heterogeneity problem in this area especially concern the transmissionlags of monetary policy, leading countries to adopt pro-cyclical fiscal policies in order to respond to shocks.These findings are reinforced by an analysis of the process of economic convergence of the members countriesof the zone through the multilateral surveillance mechanism, and despite the efforts in terms of integration, somedifferences still exist between those countries, particularly in term of fiscal policy
Njocke, Gabriel. "Un fondement du degré d'ouverture des économies dans le cas d'une distorsion à la concurrence : le taux de compensation commercial anticipé." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU2000.
Full textWe tried answer the question of what should constitute the basis of the degree of openness of an economy where the doestic government anticipates a distorsion to competition from the foreign government. Through the measue of compensation that we offer, we called off anticipated commercial rates, we established the degree of openness of the domestic economy on the domestic government's ability to impose reparations the domestic firm (where the foreign government is shift the equilibrium Cournot-Nash to a Stackelberg equilibrium is unfavorable to the domestic business, but favorable to the foreign firm). The anticipated commercial rate of compensation would puncture a portion of the total income of the foreign firm to the Stackelberg equilibrium when the foreign government distorts (grant awarded to his company) competition. This tapping will highlight the potential production quota (openness) that the domestic government will give the foreign firm if domestic government anticipates a distortion to competition from the foreign government. In addition, it appears that the basis of openness of the domestic economy will also depend on the one hand, subsidy levels implemented by the foreign government and secondly, the relative competitiveness of foreign company in relation to the domestic firm. More on this competitiveness is for the domestic firm, less domestic government will be tempted to open its economy (as the foreign government is obliged to carry high levels of subsidy to make up the domestic business). Conversely, the greater the relative competitiveness is in favor of the foreign firm, the higher thedomestic government will be tempted to open its economy
Sinseau, Suzanne. "Politiques stratégiques commerciales." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100003.
Full textMarchipont, Jean-François. "La stratégie industrielle de l'Union européenne : conséquences et enjeux /." Paris : Luxembourg : Éd. Continent Europe ; Office des publications officielles des Communautés européennes, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369846617.
Full textAlbornoz, Facundo. "Essais sur la politique commerciale et son lien avec la structure industrielle." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0095.
Full textWe study different aspects of the relationship between trade policy and industrial development. Our theoretical framework allows for understanding how such relationship depends on different evolution of production capabilities, technological disparities, learning regional agreements, consumer's characteristics and firm ownership. Our empirical work on the case of Argentina industry finds no clear link between trade policy and industrial performance. We also show that learning from the local industrial network matters; the role played by imports of inputs; the relevance of firm heterogeneity and how the global effect of microeconomic change relies on the initial distribution of firm characteristics
Chaton, Corinne. "Décisions d'investissement sous incertitude : application au secteur électrique." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10007.
Full textHow can we take into account the uncertainties in a model of investment decision of electric power station? The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of uncertainty in the electric power industry. We consider a monopoly which faces uncer tainty on the future fuel prices or the future demand. In the first part, some basic concepts of the electric power industry, and some criteria of choice under uncertain ty environment are enumerated. The literature of optimal public utility pricing and capacity investment in the presence of uncertainty is reviewed. Finaly, the national investment model of edf and its environment are summarized. In the second part, a two period model is used, in which investment is chosen in the first period when neither future fuel prices nor future demand is known. The model is applied to establish the french and german thermal investment. These two applications allow to qualitatively justify the interest to diversify the technologies of production. The third part extends the theory of irreversible investment under uncertainty. The aim is to have more realistic representation of investment choice for an electric productor. A simple rule, that maximizes social welfare is derived and used to calculate the optimal investment exercice rule
Dhont-Peltrault, Estelle. "Détermination endogène et mesure de la protection commerciale : la prise en compte des relations intersectorielles." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU2004.
Full textValdy, Jérôme. "Monnaie et incertitude : les apports des théories autrichienne et post keynésienne à l'économie monétaire : une approche comparative." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX32001.
Full textThe failure of neo-classical economics to integrate money in general equilibrium models - Hahn's problematic - is due to its conception of probabilistic uncertainty : i. E. , the risk. Using Keynes' and Knight's alternative definition of uncertainty, non measurable or non probabilistic uncertainty, money can truly take into account. The study of theoretical relations between money and uncertainty bring out a double causality link between the two concepts : 1) a link between uncertainty => (toward) money. It raises the question of the nature of the money. 2) a link between money => (toward) uncertainty. It poses the problem of co-ordination in a monetary economy. Firstly Austrian and post Keynesian theoreticians with two divergent conceptions of uncertainty can grasp the nature of money in its individual and social dimension. .
POIRSON, HELENE. "Essais en economie de la croissance et du developpement." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0086.
Full textThis thesis offers an analysis of growth based on the estimation of structural models on panels of countries. A first model introduces supply-demand disequilibrium phenomena. These appear especially significant in developing countries. The role of physical capital decreases while that of human capital increases after correction for the finite sample bias which results from disequilibrium effects. The two following models analyze the contribution of intersectoral labor reallocation to growth. Labor reallocation induces variable productivity gains depending on the degree of labor market segmentation. Taking it into account decreases the role of accumulation in growth and explains rapid growth episodes. Its contribution to growth remains significant even after accounting for the endogeneity of both reallocation and the intersectoral wedge in productivities. The two last models analyze the links between institutional uncertainty, private capital accumulation, and growth. Institutional uncertainty, as a source of allocative inefficiency, bears on growth. The available empirical evidence is however rather weak after accounting for the simultaneity bias
Sadni-Jallab, Mustapha. "L'antidumping : outil de promotion de la loyauté ou instrument anticoncurrentiel : analyse théorique et empirique pour les Communautés Européennes et les Etats-Unis pour la période 1990-2002." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/sadni-jallab_m.
Full textDecelle, François-Xavier. "La politique commerciale strategique communautaire application au cas de la television haute-definition." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EVRY0022.
Full textStrategic trade policies are based on recent advances of the new trade theory. Stricto sensu, they try to have an effect on the interaction between ologopolistic firms on international markets. Largo sensu, they involve to make a selection from among strategic activities subject to many externalities. Despite methodological difficulties and a too static scale, s. T. P. Well square with the patterns of the current international trade. The second part of this study analyze the european community strategy in high-technology industries as an internal and external community s. T. P. Its strategic effectiveness seems to be restricted by the incompleteness of the european integration and by a too restrained industrial policy. The the range and the limits of the. . . . . . . . European strategy in the field of the hdtv will be understood in that way. Standardization is likely to be a central piece of this device. As part of a s. T. P. , it has similar effects as more conventional tools of trade policy on the outcome of the rivalry between european and japonese firms. Yet, market and institutional failures like an early coming of a digital technology account for the failure of the mac analog program and call for a reorientation of the european strategy
Karr, Patrice. "Un cas de dérèglementation : libération des prix et politique commerciale des entreprises industrielles." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010033.
Full textTims-Rias, Melinda. "La politique commerciale des Etats-Unis aujourd hui : élément interculturels et diversité des perspectives." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100085.
Full textNdiaye, Daouda Biram. "Evaluation des perspectives de l'intégration économique régionale des marchés agricoles des pays de l'UEMOA." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA111014.
Full textNiyongabo, Gilbert. "Politiques d'ouverture commerciale et développement économique." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00173168.
Full textDans cette thèse, nous proposons de revenir sur les différents effets de l'ouverture commerciale sur le développement économique. Ainsi, nous distinguons l'ouverture « naturelle » qui est déterminée par la structure économique et l'abondance des ressources naturelles des politiques d'ouverture qui sont purgées de ces variables. Ensuite, nous testons les effets des deux variantes de l'ouverture commerciale sur le développement économique. Les résultats de nos estimations économétriques montrent que la croissance économique est plus élevée pour des pays
qui ont mis en place des politiques d'ouverture que pour des pays ouverts grâce à leurs ressources
naturelles. L'adoption des politiques d'ouverture semble offrir l'avantage de stimuler une hausse
des taux d'investissement et de la productivité des facteurs dans un environnement de concurrence internationale. Par ailleurs, nous testons l'effet interactif entre l'adoption des politiques d'ouverture et l'instauration de la bonne gouvernance du début des années 90 dans bon nombre de pays en développement. Nos résultats nous amènent à conclure que la bonne gouvernance et l'adoption des politiques d'ouverture agissent de façon interactive et sont positivement associés à l'augmentation des revenus, à la réduction des inégalités et à
l'amortissement des chocs commerciaux. Nous concluons, en fin de compte, que l'adoption des
politiques d'ouverture s'accompagne du développement économique.
Aloui, Amel. "Les mutations induites par la libéralisation commerciale sur la restructuration compétitive du système productif tunisien." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0010.
Full textWithin an international context, deeply marked by the globalization of markets, the acceleration of geopolitical, economic and environmental transformations, the external opening have imposed significant transformational effects on the whole production sectors. The latter have to confront with a growing interdependence between the Nations which impose to actively develop their international relations through movements of integration, opening and the liberalization of their markets. After placing the doctrinal foundations of the mutations theories and the economic theories of development as a response to the changes induced by this new context of international opening, this work approaches more specifically the topic of statute of the international trade; on the one hand according to the economic logic, and on the other hand according to the nature of its impact; taking the Tunisian economy as an illustrative example. Within such a frame, the study of the commercial tendancies evolution and of the sectorial implications of the commercial liberalization in the Tunisian case is of great importance. Our first investigation about the empirical evaluation of the sectorial impact of the international trade on the restructuring of the production system has brought out mitigated results; yet, confirm to the socio-economic specifications of Tunisia on the international scale. For this purpose we were induced to determine the repositioning of the industrial sector in the productive sphere on the interior level and to specify the hierarchisation of this economy in terms of competitiveness, with reference to a set of Mediterranean developed countries. Our second investigation, through the estimate of competitiveness exportation index of the OECD attributes Tunisia a position relatively better than that of certain European developed countries. This strategic positioning at the interface of many European countries grants it an essential role in the Euro-Mediterranean cooperation within an internationalization context; this classification must be relativised by the socio-economic costs
Guennif, Samira. "Incertitude, confiance et institution en échange marchand : recherche des fondements de la confiance et application au cas de la sous-traitance dans le secteur de la mécanique de précision." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131018.
Full textRichez-Baum, Béatrice. "La Politique de défense commerciale de la Communauté européenne dans le cadre de l'OMC." Lille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIL20018.
Full textTne effects of the opening of the markets as a result of the uruguay round 1994 cannot be advantageous to the european community without an effective trade defense policy. The opening of the international commercial system does not depend only on the tariff reductions. Without denying their importance these can be called into question by practices which are unfair like the use of legitimate instruments for protectionnist purposes. The marrakech agreement creating the wto attempted to fix or improve the rules governing the protection of trade. How does the european community assess rules established in this matter? are the member states of the union ready to establish common interests and to defend them by suitable means against the others trade groups? by extending the liberalisation of trade to new fields, in particular services the wto has exacerbated the problem. In any event, the trade defense policy of the european community necessarily requires the creation of legal instruments which need to be consistent with its political objectives and the diplomatic constraints of its external action
Thesmar, David. "Les emplois plus qualifiés pour exploiter des marchés plus instables." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0108.
Full textKoessler, Frédéric. "Connaissances interactives et révélation stratégique d'information." Strasbourg 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR1EC04.
Full textSalas, Casasola Ina. "L' impact de la libéralisation commerciale agricole sur la pauvreté : étude de cas mexicain." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS017S.
Full textMany developing countries applied structural adjustment economic programs during the 80´s and 90´s, where one of the main elements was trade liberalization. In order to analyze the agricultural trade liberalization impact on Mexico’s poverty, a statistical analysis of the trade, and the national and regional production indicators was done, in order to review the displacement and the complementariness between growth and trade. Trade liberalization in Mexico relegated small, and self sufficient (autoconsumo) producers from the new market order due to the reduction of its degree of market integration, is a main conclusion. The real value loss of its products had a negative income effect, and set them in a negative poverty circle, since it reduced their possibilities to acquire new capabilities and possibilities to be inserted in profitable economic systems. It started a poverty process inside the agricultural sector, which in spite of its increased commercial dynamism, it didn’t have growth spill over effects, and as a consequence, it started an agricultural price factors worsening. Even if the trade liberalisation impacts were not uniform, the regional analysis demonstrated that the compensation between “winners and losers” is not automatic. On the contrary, the liberalization served to intensify the dynamic economic differences, and it drove a development difference between the north, the centre and the south of the country