Academic literature on the topic 'Inc Timber Structures'
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Journal articles on the topic "Inc Timber Structures"
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Battles, Eoin P., Habib J. Dagher, and Beckry Abdel-Magid. "Durability of Composite Reinforcement for Timber Bridges." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, no. 1 (January 2000): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-54.
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Fiber-reinforced polymeric (FRP) composites are materials that are increasing in use in civil engineering applications. Despite the excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance offered by these organic matrix materials, their susceptibility to the synergistic effects of stress and environmental weathering hinders their widespread acceptance in civil engineering. The durability of a specific formulation of wood-compatible, pultruded, E-glass–phenolic composite is characterized. This composite is unique because its layered structure and void content make it compatible with standard structural wood adhesives. The durability of this wood-compatible FRP reinforcement cannot be directly determined from published work on the durability of E-glass composites because of its unique design. A durability test matrix was generated according to specifications and test standards from the International Conference of Building Officials Evaluation Service, Inc., and from the California Department of Transportation. Physical and mechanical properties that were used as indicators of degradation mechanisms and that applied to the bridge environment included tensile behavior, interlaminar shear strength, void content, and glass-transition temperature. Environmental testing involved exposure to various storage media, such as moisture, saline solutions, and calcium carbonate, followed by mechanical testing. Other exposure treatments included dry heat, cyclic freeze-thaw, accelerated weathering, and natural weathering. In addition to the strength-retention determination after environmental conditioning, control and exposed specimens were examined visually with optical and scanning electron microscopy to determine surface changes and their effect on failure and fracture modes.
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Florenţa, Ion, Nicolae Ţăranu, Alexandru Secu, Ana Raluca Roşu, and Dragoş Ungureanu. "Analytical Procedures for Calculation of Horizontal Displacement of Timber Shear Walls." Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (March 2017): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.135.
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The shear wall horizontal displacement is one of the most important parameters involved in the seismic design of the timber framed structures. This paper presents the fundamentals of displacement-based seismic design, along with a description of the requirements for its application: checking of the maximum allowable displacement, checking of the buildings’ separation and determining the stiffness of the walls. The horizontal displacement of a shear wall is determined through the analytical calculation of the wall elements’ displacements. For timber framed structure, the International Building Code (IBC), recommends analytical models for the determination of the horizontal displacement. However, the European norm, Eurocode 5 does not provide any calculation model for the lateral displacement. A comparative study of the available analytical models and the corresponding results are presented in this paper.
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Chaggaris, Rachel, Shiling Pei, Greg Kingsley, and Alexis Feitel. "Carbon Impact and Cost of Mass Timber Beam–Column Gravity Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 12966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132312966.
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The need to lower the embodied carbon impact of the built environment and sequester carbon over the life of buildings has spurred the growth of mass timber building construction, leading to the introduction of new building types (Types IV-A, B, and C) in the 2021 International Building Code (IBC). The achievement of sustainability goals has been hindered by the perceived first cost assessment of mass timber systems. Optimizing cost is an urgent prerequisite to embodied carbon reduction. Due to a high level of prefabrication and reduction in field labor, the mass timber material volume constitutes a larger portion of total project cost when compared to buildings with traditional materials. In this study, the dollar cost, carbon emitted, and carbon sequestered of mass timber beam–column gravity system solutions with different design configurations was studied. Design parameters studied in this sensitivity analysis included viable building types, column grid dimension, and building height. A scenario study was conducted to estimate the economic viability of tall wood buildings with respect to land costs. It is concluded that, while Type III building designations are the most economical for lower building heights, the newly introduced Type IV subcategories remain competitive for taller structures while providing a potentially significant embodied carbon benefit.
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Rojas Wettling, Claudia, Claudio Mourgues Alvarez, and Pablo Guindos Bretones. "IDM for the Conceptual Evaluation Process of Industrialized Timber Projects." Advances in Civil Engineering 2023 (April 24, 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9200255.
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Interest in industrialized timber construction systems, in particular light-frame systems, has increased worldwide due to its various benefits. However, it is very important for projects executed under the off-site construction system to consider the different manufacture and assembly requirements in their design, following the design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) concept. It is fundamental that these requirements and assumptions for manufacture and assembly be considered in a conceptual evaluation during the early stages of the project, as these have an impact on stakeholder decision making, detailed design, production, and sourcing strategies. To accomplish this, the use of building information modeling (BIM) has simplified the different processes and tasks required in the development of these projects, in addition to the synergy between both methodologies. However, it is vital to be clear about the information requirements of each process to properly use the BIM methodology. This paper presents the proposal of a BIM standard, the information delivery manual (IDM), which identifies the associated process map and the information parameters required for early evaluation, which were validated with local prefabrication companies as well as compared to the property sets present in the IFC standard.
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OSADCHUK, Alexsandr, Jaroslav OSADCHUK, and Valentin SKOSCHUK. "MULTICHANNEL FREQUENCY METER ON A PROGRAMMABLE LOGICAL INTEGRATED CIRCUIT FOR A RADIOMEASURING SYSTEM WITH FREQUENCY SENSORS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 303, no. 6 (December 2021): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-303-6-186-194.
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The paper presents the development of a multi-channel frequency measurement system on FPGA by Altera Cyclone IV, the main task of which is to measure the informative parameter of sensors of physical quantities with frequency output. Based on the analysis of existing multi-channel frequency measurement systems on the FPGA, it is established that it is advisable to use multi-channel frequency meters for simultaneous measurement of several frequencies. Unlike several frequency meters operating simultaneously, multi-channel frequency meters perform measurements in a single time base, which is provided by a common exemplary generator and timer. A multi-channel universal FPGA-based measuring device has been developed, which has 12 measuring channels for frequency output sensors and supports simultaneous operation of 127 digital sensors via I2C interface. Therefore, theoretically, data transmission from the developed device can be carried out wirelessly. The developed device can be connected to a personal computer via a UART-USB converter. As a chip for the implementation of the frequency meter is used FPGA company Altera EP4CE10F17C8 – a chip in the BGA case, which has 179 pins. The parameters, namely the value of the signal propagation delay, determine the maximum measured frequency, in our case about 3 ns (delay of the signal from the input to the internal register), which corresponds theoretically to 333 MHz. Specialized software has been developed to test the efficiency of a multi-channel measuring system for measuring informative parameters obtained from radio measuring transducers, based on the reactive properties of semiconductor structures with negative resistance. For convenience of perception, there is a visualization of the received information from the measuring device.
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Karmazínová, Marcela. "Material Properties of Fibre-Cement and Fibre-Concrete Composites Used for Plated Components of Building Structures." MRS Proceedings 1612 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1120.
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ABSTRACTThe paper presents the brief information on particular results of experimental studies dealing with the problems of properties of materials based on fibre-cement and fibre-concrete composites, which are being recently developed, tested and verified, to use them in the plated components of load-carrying structures of building constructions. The problems mentioned are solved in the co-operation with the company of the Research Institute of Building Materials Inc. (“VUSTAH a.s.”) at Brno city in the Czech Republic. The attention is paid to two basic types of material: (i) fibre-cement composite used for the slab components intended for vertical or horizontal building or technology structures, such as permanent shuttering of bridges, timber floor structures and slab flooring, the wall cladding of buildings and formwork of components in manufacturing plants of the concrete units; (ii) glass-fibre-concrete composite mainly intended for the building façade claddings, but also for the objects of daily use. The experimental verification has been mainly oriented to the investigation of physical-mechanical properties, like as the tensile-bending strength, as well as the corresponding modulus of elasticity.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Inc Timber Structures"
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Susila, Gede Adi. "Experimental and numerical studies of masonry wall panels and timber frames of low-rise structures under seismic loadings in Indonesia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/experimental-and-numerical-studies-of-masonry-wall-panels-and-timber-frames-of-lowrise-structures-under-seismic-loadings-in-indonesia(3ceb094b-4e6e-432a-b3de-3d4c306b0551).html.
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Indonesia is a developing country that suffers from earthquakes and windstorms and where at least 60% of houses are non-engineered structures, built by unskilled workers using masonry and timber. The non-engineered housing units developed in urban region are also vulnerable to seismic hazard due to the use of low quality of material and constructions method. Those structures are not resistant to extreme lateral loads or ground movement and their failure during an earthquake or storm can lead to significant loss of life. This thesis is concerned with the structural performance of Indonesian low-rise buildings made of masonry and timber under lateral seismic load. The research presented includes a survey of forms of building structure and experimental, analytical and numerical work to predict the behaviour of masonry wall and traditional timber frame buildings. Experimental testing of both masonry and timber have been carried out in Indonesia to establish the quality of materials and to provide material properties for numerical simulations. The experimental study found that the strength of Indonesia-Bali clay brick masonry are below the minimum standard required for masonry structures built in seismic regions, being at least 50% lower than the requirement specified in British Standard and Eurocode-6 (BS EN 1996-1-1:2005). In contrast, Indonesian timber materials meet the strength classes specified in British Standard/Eurocode- 5 (BS EN 338:2009) in the range of strength grade D35-40 and C35).Structural tests under monotonic and cyclic loading have been conducted on building components in Indonesia, to determine the load-displacement capacity of local hand-made masonry wall panels and timber frames in order to: (1) evaluate the performance of masonry and timber frame structure, (2) investigate the dynamic behaviour of both structures, (3) observe the effect of in-plane stiffness and ductility level, and (4) examine the anchoring joint at the base of timber frame that resists the overturning moment. From these tests, the structural ductility was found to be less than two which is below the requirement of the relevant guidelines from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, USA (FEMA-306). It was also observed that the lateral stiffness of masonry wall is much higher than the equivalent timber frame of the same height and length. The experimental value of stiffness of the masonry wall panel was found to be one-twelfth of the recommended values given in FEMA-356 and the Canadian Building code. The masonry wall provides relatively low displacement compared to the large displacement of the timber frame at the full capacity level of lateral load, with structural framing members of the latter remaining intact. The weak point of the timber frame is the mechanical joint and the capacity of slip joint governs the lateral load capacity of the whole frame. Detailed numerical models of the experimental specimens were setup in Abaqus using three-dimensional solid elements. Cohesive elements were used to simulate the mortar behaviour, exhibiting cracking and the associated physical separation of the elements. Appropriate contact definitions were used where relevant, especially for the timber frame joints. A range of available material plasticity models were reviewed: Drucker-Prager, Crystalline Plasticity, and Cohesive Damage model. It was found that the combination of Crystalline Plasticity model for the brick unit and timber, and the Cohesive Damage model for the mortar is capable of simulating the experimental load-displacement behaviour fairly accurately. The validated numerical models have been used to (1) predict the lateral load capacity, (2) determine the cracking load and patterns, (3) carry out a detailed parametric study by changing the geometric and material properties different to the experimental specimens. The numerical models were used to assess different strengthening measures such as using bamboo as reinforcement in the masonry walls for a complete single storey, and a two-storey houses including openings for doors and windows. The traditional footing of the timber structures was analysed using Abaqus and was found to be an excellent base isolation system which partly explains the survival of those structures in the past earthquakes. The experimental and numerical results have finally been used to develop a design guideline for new construction as well as recommendations for retrofitting of existing structures for improved performance under seismic lateral load.
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Abate, Francesco. "Innovative algorithms and data structures for signal treatment applied to ISO/IEC/IEEE 21451 smart transducers." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2493.
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2014 - 2015Technologies and, in particular sensors, permeate more and more application sectors. From energy management, to the factories one, to houses, environments, infrastructure, and building monitoring, to healthcare and traceability systems, sensors are more and more widespread in our daily life. In the growing context of the Internet of Things capabilities to acquire magnitudes of interest, to elaborate and to communicate data is required to these technologies. These capabilities of acquisition, elaboration, and communication can be integrated on a unique device, a smart sensor, which integrates the sensible element with a simple programmable logic device, capable of managing elaboration and communication. An efficient implementation of communication is required to these technologies, in order to better exploit the available bandwidth, minimizing energy consumption. Moreover, these devices have to be easily interchangeable (plug and play) in such a way that they could be easily usable. Nowadays, smart sensors available on the market reveal several problems such as programming complexity, for which depth knowledge is required, and limited software porting capability. The family of standards IEEE 1451 is written with the aim to define a set of common communication interfaces. These documents come from the Institute of Electric and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) with the aim to create a standard interface which allows devices interoperability produced from different manufacturers, but it is not concerned with problems related to bandwidth, management, elaboration and programming. For this family of standards, now under review, it is expected a further development, with the aim to renew applicable standards, and to add new layers of standardization. The draft of the ISO/IEC/IEEE 21451.001 proposes to solve problems related to the bandwidth and the elaboration management, relocating a part of processing in the point of acquisition, taking advantage of elaboration capabilities of smart sensors. This proposal is based on a Real Time Segmentation and Labeling algorithm, a new sampling technique, which allows to reduce the high number of samples to be transferred, with the same information content. This algorithm returns a data structure, according to which the draft expects two elaboration layers: a first layer, in order to elaborate basic information of the signal processing, and a second layer, for more complex elaboration. [edited by author]
XIV n.s.
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Agresti, Gianluca. "Data Driven Approaches for Depth Data Denoising." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422722.
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The scene depth is an important information that can be used to retrieve the scene geometry, a missing element in standard color images. For this reason, the depth information is usually employed in many applications such as 3D reconstruction, autonomous driving and robotics.
The last decade has seen the spread of different commercial devices able to sense the scene depth. Among these, Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras are becoming popular because they are relatively cheap and they can be miniaturized and implemented on portable devices.
Stereo vision systems are the most widespread 3D sensors and they are simply composed by two standard color cameras. However, they are not free from flaws, in particular they fail when the scene has no texture. Active stereo and structured light systems have been developed to overcome this issue by using external light projectors.
This thesis collects the findings of my Ph.D. research, which are mainly devoted to the denoising of depth data. First, some of the most widespread commercial 3D sensors are introduced with their strengths and limitations. Then, some techniques for the quality enhancement of ToF depth acquisition are presented and compared with other state-of-the-art methods. A first proposed method is based on a hardware modification of the standard ToF projector. A second approach instead uses multi-frequency ToF recordings as input of a deep learning network to improve the depth estimation. A particular focus will be given to how the denoising performance degrades, when the network is trained on synthetic data and tested on real data. Thus, a method to reduce the gap in performance will be proposed.
Since ToF and stereo vision systems have complementary characteristics, the possibility to fuse the information coming from these sensors is analysed and a method based on a locally consistent fusion, guided by a learning based reliability measure for the two sensors, is proposed.
A part of this thesis is dedicated to the description of the data acquisition procedures and the related labeling required to collect the datasets we used for the training and evaluation of the proposed methods.La profondità della scena è un importante informazione che può essere usata per recuperare la geometria della scena stessa, un elemento mancante nelle semplici immagini a colori. Per questo motivo, questi dati sono spesso usati in molte applicazioni come ricostruzione 3D, guida autonoma e robotica. L'ultima decade ha visto il diffondersi di diversi dispositivi capaci di stimare la profondità di una scena. Tra questi, le telecamere Time-of-Flight (ToF) stanno diventando sempre più popolari poiché sono relativamente poco costose e possono essere miniaturizzate e implementate su dispositivi portatili. I sistemi a visione stereoscopica sono i sensori 3D più diffusi e sono composti da due semplici telecamere a colori. Questi sensori non sono però privi di difetti, in particolare non riescono a stimare in maniera corretta la profondità di scene prive di texture. I sistemi stereoscopici attivi e i sistemi a luce strutturata sono stati sviluppati per risolvere questo problema usando un proiettore esterno. Questa tesi presenta i risultati che ho ottenuto durante il mio Dottorato di Ricerca presso l'Università degli Studi di Padova. Lo scopo principale del mio lavoro è stato quello di presentare metodi per il miglioramento dei dati 3D acquisiti con sensori commerciali. Nella prima parte della tesi i sensori 3D più diffusi verranno presentati introducendo i loro punti di forza e debolezza. In seguito verranno descritti dei metodi per il miglioramento della qualità dei dati di profondità acquisiti con telecamere ToF. Un primo metodo sfrutta una modifica hardware del proiettore ToF. Il secondo utilizza una rete neurale convoluzionale (CNN) che sfrutta dati acquisiti da una telecamera ToF per stimare un'accurata mappa di profondità della scena. Nel mio lavoro è stata data attenzione a come le prestazioni di questo metodo peggiorano quando la CNN è allenata su dati sintetici e testata su dati reali. Di conseguenza, un metodo per ridurre tale perdita di prestazioni verrà presentato. Poiché le mappe di profondità acquisite con sensori ToF e sistemi stereoscopici hanno proprietà complementari, la possibilità di fondere queste due sorgenti di informazioni è stata investigata. In particolare, è stato presentato un metodo di fusione che rinforza la consistenza locale dei dati e che sfrutta una stima dell'accuratezza dei due sensori, calcolata con una CNN, per guidare il processo di fusione. Una parte della tesi è dedita alla descrizione delle procedure di acquisizione dei dati utilizzati per l'allenamento e la valutazione dei metodi presentati.
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GARBARINO, DAVIDE. "Acknowledging the structured nature of real-world data with graphs embeddings and probabilistic inference methods." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1092453.
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In the artificial intelligence community there is a growing consensus that real
world data is naturally represented as graphs because they can easily incorporate complexity at several levels, e.g. hierarchies or time dependencies. In this context, this thesis studies two main branches for structured data.
In the first part we explore how state-of-the-art machine learning methods can be extended to graph modeled data provided that one is able to represent graphs in vector spaces. Such extensions can be applied to analyze several kinds of real-world data and tackle different problems. Here we study the
following problems: a) understand the relational nature and evolution of websites which belong to different categories (e-commerce, academic (p.a.) and encyclopedic (forum)); b) model tennis players scores based on different game surfaces and tournaments in order to predict matches results; c) analyze preter-
m-infants motion patterns able to characterize possible neuro degenerative disorders and d) build an academic collaboration recommender system able to model academic groups and individual research interest while suggesting possible researchers to connect with, topics of interest and representative publications to external users.
In the second part we focus on graphs inference methods from data which present two main challenges: missing data and non-stationary time dependency. In particular, we study the problem of inferring Gaussian Graphical
Models in the following settings: a) inference of Gaussian Graphical Models when data are missing or latent in the context of multiclass or temporal network inference and b) inference of time-varying Gaussian Graphical Models
when data is multivariate and non-stationary. Such methods have a natural application in the composition of an optimized stock markets portfolio. Overall this work sheds light on how to acknowledge the intrinsic structure
of data with the aim of building statistical models that are able to capture the actual complexity of the real world.
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Li, Yuyi. "Empirical likelihood with applications in time series." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/empirical-likelihood-with-applications-in-time-series(29c74808-f784-4306-8df9-26f45b30b553).html.
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This thesis investigates the statistical properties of Kernel Smoothed Empirical Likelihood (KSEL, e.g. Smith, 1997 and 2004) estimator and various associated inference procedures in weakly dependent data. New tests for structural stability are proposed and analysed. Asymptotic analyses and Monte Carlo experiments are applied to assess these new tests, theoretically and empirically. Chapter 1 reviews and discusses some estimation and inferential properties of Empirical Likelihood (EL, Owen, 1988) for identically and independently distributed data and compares it with Generalised EL (GEL), GMM and other estimators. KSEL is extensively treated, by specialising kernel-smoothed GEL in the working paper of Smith (2004), some of whose results and proofs are extended and refined in Chapter 2. Asymptotic properties of some tests in Smith (2004) are also analysed under local alternatives. These special treatments on KSEL lay the foundation for analyses in Chapters 3 and 4, which would not otherwise follow straightforwardly. In Chapters 3 and 4, subsample KSEL estimators are proposed to assist the development of KSEL structural stability tests to diagnose for a given breakpoint and for an unknown breakpoint, respectively, based on relevant work using GMM (e.g. Hall and Sen, 1999; Andrews and Fair, 1988; Andrews and Ploberger, 1994). It is also original in these two chapters that moment functions are allowed to be kernel-smoothed after or before the sample split, and it is rigorously proved that these two smoothing orders are asymptotically equivalent. The overall null hypothesis of structural stability is decomposed according to the identifying and overidentifying restrictions, as Hall and Sen (1999) advocate in GMM, leading to a more practical and precise structural stability diagnosis procedure. In this framework, these KSEL structural stability tests are also proved via asymptotic analysis to be capable of identifying different sources of instability, arising from parameter value change or violation of overidentifying restrictions. The analyses show that these KSEL tests follow the same limit distributions as their counterparts using GMM. To examine the finite-sample performance of KSEL structural stability tests in comparison to GMM's, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted in Chapter 5 using a simple linear model considered by Hall and Sen (1999). This chapter details some relevant computational algorithms and permits different smoothing order, kernel type and prewhitening options. In general, simulation evidence seems to suggest that compared to GMM's tests, these newly proposed KSEL tests often perform comparably. However, in some cases, the sizes of these can be slightly larger, and the false null hypotheses are rejected with much higher frequencies. Thus, these KSEL based tests are valid theoretical and practical alternatives to GMM's.
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VILLA, SIMONE. "Continuous Time Bayesian Networks for Reasoning and Decision Making in Finance." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/69953.
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L'analisi dell'enorme quantità di dati finanziari, messi a disposizione dai mercati elettronici, richiede lo sviluppo di nuovi modelli e tecniche per estrarre efficacemente la conoscenza da utilizzare in un processo decisionale informato. Lo scopo della tesi concerne l'introduzione di modelli grafici probabilistici utilizzati per il ragionamento e l'attività decisionale in tale contesto.
Nella prima parte della tesi viene presentato un framework che utilizza le reti Bayesiane per effettuare l'analisi e l'ottimizzazione di portafoglio in maniera olistica. In particolare, esso sfrutta, da un lato, la capacità delle reti Bayesiane di rappresentare distribuzioni di probabilità in modo compatto ed efficiente per modellare il portafoglio e, dall'altro, la loro capacità di fare inferenza per ottimizzare il portafoglio secondo diversi scenari economici.
In molti casi, si ha la necessità di ragionare in merito a scenari di mercato nel tempo, ossia si vuole rispondere a domande che coinvolgono distribuzioni di probabilità che evolvono nel tempo. Le reti Bayesiane a tempo continuo possono essere utilizzate in questo contesto. Nella seconda parte della tesi viene mostrato il loro utilizzo per affrontare problemi finanziari reali e vengono descritte due importanti estensioni. La prima estensione riguarda il problema di classificazione, in particolare vengono introdotti un algoritmo per apprendere tali classificatori da Big Data e il loro utilizzo nel contesto di previsione dei cambi valutari ad alta frequenza. La seconda estensione concerne l'apprendimento delle reti Bayesiane a tempo continuo in domini non stazionari, in cui vengono modellate esplicitamente le dipendenze statistiche presenti nelle serie temporali multivariate consentendo loro di cambiare nel corso del tempo.
Nella terza parte della tesi viene descritto l'uso delle reti Bayesiane a tempo continuo nell'ambito dei processi decisionali di Markov, i quali consentono di modellare processi decisionali sequenziali in condizioni di incertezza. In particolare, viene introdotto un metodo per il controllo di sistemi dinamici a tempo continuo che sfrutta le proprietà additive e contestuali per scalare efficacemente su grandi spazi degli stati. Infine, vengono mostrate le prestazioni di tale metodo in un contesto significativo di trading.The analysis of the huge amount of financial data, made available by electronic markets, calls for new models and techniques to effectively extract knowledge to be exploited in an informed decision-making process. The aim of this thesis is to introduce probabilistic graphical models that can be used to reason and to perform actions in such a context. In the first part of this thesis, we present a framework which exploits Bayesian networks to perform portfolio analysis and optimization in a holistic way. It leverages on the compact and efficient representation of high dimensional probability distributions offered by Bayesian networks and their ability to perform evidential reasoning in order to optimize the portfolio according to different economic scenarios. In many cases, we would like to reason about the market change, i.e. we would like to express queries as probability distributions over time. Continuous time Bayesian networks can be used to address this issue. In the second part of the thesis, we show how it is possible to use this model to tackle real financial problems and we describe two notable extensions. The first one concerns classification, where we introduce an algorithm for learning these classifiers from Big Data, and we describe their straightforward application to the foreign exchange prediction problem in the high frequency domain. The second one is related to non-stationary domains, where we explicitly model the presence of statistical dependencies in multivariate time-series while allowing them to change over time. In the third part of the thesis, we describe the use of continuous time Bayesian networks within the Markov decision process framework, which provides a model for sequential decision-making under uncertainty. We introduce a method to control continuous time dynamic systems, based on this framework, that relies on additive and context-specific features to scale up to large state spaces. Finally, we show the performances of our method in a simplified, but meaningful trading domain.
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Coffey, Paul David. "Interfacial measurements of colloidal and bio-colloidal systems in real-time." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/interfacial-measurements-of-colloidal-and-biocolloidal-systems-in-realtime(8be29df9-3730-467a-b45d-d46acadd2207).html.
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As advances in thin films are made there is a parallel requirement to develop equipment capable of measuring their properties accurately and consistently. In addition there is a need to understand the parameters that are measured. Typical DPI measurements allow both the refractive index (related to density) and the thickness of the adsorbed layer to be calculated with relatively few assumptions, to a very high precision in real time. This thesis presents the research undertaken to develop multiple path length dual polarisation interferometry (MPL-DPI) and absorption enhanced dual polarisation interferometry (AE-DPI). In addition research is presented that can be used to improve the interpretation of the measured parameters for inhomogeneous films and uniaxial films. The new Interferometric technique MPL-DPI allows the thickness and refractive index of in situ and ex-situ coated ultra-thin films to be measured. The procedures and the mathematics required to calculate the properties of films have been described and the technique verified. The technique was demonstrated using films of PMMA, where good agreement was found with complementary techniques. Furthermore, some key features of MPL-DPI were demonstrated using the measurements of interfacially grafted acrylic acid. The absorption enhanced DPI uses the attenuation of the light within the waveguide, due to the light absorbing properties of a film on its surface. As the composition of a film changed, it was shown that the refractive index and extinction coefficients could be used to separate the mass of the components of the film that absorbed light, from the components of the film that did not. With the use of a semi-uniaxial model, the extra data from the attenuation in two polarisations was used to fit the extraordinary and ordinary extinction coefficients. The extraordinary and ordinary extinction coefficients were used to demonstrate that molecular orientation could be implied. The influence that an inhomogeneous film has on the measured thickness, refractive index and extinction coefficient fitted by homogeneous models were investigated. Formulas are presented to explain the thickness, refractive index and extinction coefficient of the measured film. A formula for the total mass per unit area that uses the refractive index was created to account for films that contain molecules of different refractive index increments (dn/dc's). To separate the mass of the individual molecular species from the total mass per unit area, formulas that use the extinction coefficient were derived so molecules that absorb light could be separated from those that do not. The mass calculated from the refractive index and the mass calculated from the extinction coefficient were also examined for uniaxial films. For uniaxial films both measures of the adsorbed mass were found to be relatively accurate and benefited from a partial cancellation of errors. The accuracy of the measurements made by dual polarisation interferometry technology is systematically examined throughout this thesis. Improvements in the calibration routines are suggested and a procedure for the identification and reduction of errors in the phase and contrast is demonstrated.
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(12271431), Rex Glencross-Grant. "In-grade testing of Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla) to enable characterisation of the timber." Thesis, 2022. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/In-grade_testing_of_Norfolk_Island_pine_Araucaria_heterophylla_to_enable_characterisation_of_the_timber/19395128.
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This report deals with an investigation into the structural properties of the timber species, Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla) to enable characterisation of the timber. The various structural properties (bending stress, shear stress, compressive stress, tensile stress and Modulus of Elasticity) are determined by full-scale (in -grade) testing procedures.
Full-size specimens were tested at the University of Central Queensland in Rockhampton and NSW State Forests Research facility at Pennant Hills in Sydney.
The timber is being used on Norfolk Island as a structural and decorative timber. Because it is a limited but renewable resource, optimum use needs to be made of it as a building material to make maximum use of the material. Presently Norfolk Island has an inverse balance of payments with timber products, the vast majority of which is imported New Zealand radiata pine. If this balance of payments is to be reversed, better utilisation needs to be made of the locally produced timber. Implied in this also is improved utilisation of local labour and industry in producing the local product.
No significant testing has been done in the past on Norfolk Island pine. The only technical references to it in the literature appears to be in the botanical and silvicultural context. One author has given the material a provisional grading only (this would be based on small clear specimens, possibly not even produced on Norfolk Island).
It is only with rigorous full-scale testing of the product that its structural properties can be determined with any confidence so as to make better use of it as a building material.
This thesis reports on such testing of full-size, randomly selected, locally -produced specimens. The work is undertaken in accordance with the recent joint AS/NZ Standard AS 4063:1992. It is believed that this is the first work of this type that has been undertaken on this material.
The results are varied, indicating relatively higher shear and compressive strengths but, by comparison, lower bending and tensile strengths and Modulus of Elasticity. Without doubt, the timber is weakest in tension (some 3 grades below its equivalent compression classification). Careful selection will need to be made of the timber for applications where it is in tension.
The relatively close spacing of the knots appears to have strong influence on reduced strength. If the knots can be reduced by improved silvicultural techniques or eliminated in post-harvesting/milling operations, such as excising the knots and re -jointing (eg finger - jointing) then a much improved product could be obtained.
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(9801515), Dongsheng Han. "Robust control for offshore steel jacket platforms under wave-induced forces." Thesis, 2008. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Robust_control_for_offshore_steel_jacket_platforms_under_wave-induced_forces/13420118.
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"This thesis is concerned with robust control of an offshore steel jacket platform subject to nonlinear wave-induced forces. Since time delay and uncertainty are inevitably encountered for an offshore structure and their existence may induce instability, oscillation and poor performance, it is very significant to study on how the delay and uncertainty affect the offshore structure. In this thesis, a memory robust control strategy is, for the first time, proposed to reduce the internal oscillations of the offshore structure under wave-induced forces, so as to ensure the safety and comfort of the offshore structure. Firstly, when the system's states are adopted as feedback, memory state feedback controllers are introduced for the offshore structure. By using Lyapunov-Krasovskii stability theory, some delay-dependent stability criteria have been established, based on which, and by combining with some linearization techniques, memory state feedback controllers are designed to control the offshore structure. The simulation results show that such controllers can effectively reduce the internal oscillations of the offshore structure subject to nonlinear wave-induced forces and uncertainties. On the other hand, a new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is introduced to derive a less conservative delay-dependent stability criterion. When this criterion is applied to the offshore structure, an improved memory state feedback controller with a small gain is obtained to control the system more effectively, which is sufficiently shown by the simulation. Secondly, when the system's outputs are adopted as feedback, memory dynamic output feedback controllers are considered for the offshore structure. By employing a projection theorem and a cone complementary linearization approach, memory dynamic output feedback controllers are derived by solving some nonlinear minimization problem subject to some linear matrix inequalities. The simulation results show that the internal oscillations of the offshore structure subject to nonlinear wave-induced forces are well attenuated. Finally, robust H control is fully investigated for the offshore structure. By employing Lyapunov-Krasovskii stability theory, some delay-dependent bounded real lemmas have been obtained, under which, via a memory state feedback controller or a dynamic output feedback controller, the resulting closed-loop system is not only asymptotically stable but also with a prescribed disturbance attenuation level. The simulation results illustrate the validity of the proposed method." -- abstract.
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Ustun, Taha Selim. "Design and development of a communication-assisted microgrid protection system." Thesis, 2013. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/22016/.
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Climate change concerns due to the rising amounts of the carbon gas in the atmosphere have in the last decade or so initiated a fast pace of technological advances in the renewable energy industry. Such developments in technology and the move towards cleaner sources of energy have made renewable resources based Distributed Generators (DGs) more desirable.
Books on the topic "Inc Timber Structures"
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1941-, Herzog Thomas, ed. Timber construction manual. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2004.
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Smith, Ian, and Andrea Frangi. Use of Timber in Tall Multi-Storey Buildings. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed013.
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<p>Since the dawn of civilization, timber has been a primary material for achieving great structural engineering feats. Yet during the late 19th century and most of the 20th century it lost currency as a preferred material for construction of large and tall multi-storey building superstructures. This Structural Engineering Document (SED) addresses a reawakening of interest in timber and timber-based products as primary con-struction materials for relatively tall, multi-storey buildings. Emphasis throughout is on holistically addressing various aspects of performance of complete systems, reflecting that major gaps in knowhow relate to design concepts rather than technical information about timber as a material. Special con-sideration is given to structural form, fire vulnerability, and durability aspects for attaining desired building performance over lifespans that can be centuries long.</p>
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Pelke, Eberhard, and Eugen Brühwiler, eds. Engineering History and Heritage Structures – Viewpoints and Approaches. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed015.
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The present Structural Engineering Document (SED) is a compilation of contributions devoted to the vast topic of history of structural engineering as well as interventions on heritage structures and structures of high cultural values. Various, some-times opposed, viewpoints and approaches are expressed and presented. The rather heterogeneous and controversial nature of the content of this SED shall stimulate lively discus-sions within the structural engineering community who needs to increase the awareness of historical and cultural aspects of structures and structural engineering. Current structural engineering methods and practice are only at the very begin-ning of effective engineering, really integrating historical and cultural aspects in the assessment of existing structures and in intervention projects to adapt or modify structures of cultural values for future demands. Knowing the past is indispensable for modern structural engineering!
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Turner, C. J. G. Time and temporal structure in Chekhov. Birmingham: Department of Russian Language and Literature, University of Birmingham, 1994.
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Bachmann, Hugo, and Walter Ammann. Vibrations in Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed003e.
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<p>«Vibrations in Structures» concentrates on vibrations in structures as excited by human motion or machine operation. Man-induced vibrations may arise from walking, running, skipping, dancing, etc. They occur mostly in pedestrian structures, office buildings, gymnasia and sports halls, dancing and concert halls, stadia, etc. Existing publications treat by and large some isolated aspects of the problem; the present one attempts, for the first time, a systematic survey of man-induced vibrations. Machine-induced vibrations occur during the operation of all sorts of machinery and tools with rotating, oscillating or thrusting parts. The study concentrates rather on small and medium size machinery placed on floors of industrial buildings and creating a potential source of undesirable vibrations. The associated questions have rarely been tackled to date; they entail probiems similar to those of man-induced vibrations.</p> <p>The book is consciously intended to serve the practising structural engineer and not primarily the dynamic specialist. It should be noted that its aim is not to provide directions on how to perform comprehensive dynamic computations. Instead, it attempts the following:</p> <ol> <li>to show where dynamic problems could occur and where a word of caution is good advice;</li> <li>to further the understanding of the phenomena encountered as well as of the underlying principles;</li> <li>to impart the basic knowledge for assessing the dynamic behaviour of the structures or structural elements;</li> <li>to describe suitable measures, both preventive to be applied in the design stage and remedial in the case of rehabilitation.</li> </ol>
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Evans, Vyvyan. The structure of time: Language, meaning, and temporal cognition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub., 2003.
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Keller, Thomas. Use of fibre reinforced polymers in bridge construction. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed007.
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<p>The aim of the present Structural Engineering Document, a state-of-the-art report, is to review the progress made worldwide in the use of fibre reinforced polymers as structural components in bridges until the end of the year 2000.<p> Due to their advantageous material properties such as high specific strength, a large tolerance for frost and de-icing salts and, furthermore, short installation times with minimum traffic interference, fibre reinforced polymers have matured to become valuable alternative building materials for bridge structures. Today, fibre reinforced polymers are manufactured industrially to semi-finished products and ccimplete structural components, which can be easily and quickly installed or erected on site.<p> Examples of semi-finished products and structural components available are flexible tension elements, profiles stiff in bending and sandwich panels. As tension elements, especially for the purpose of strengthening, strips and sheets are available, as weil as reinforcing bars for concrete reinforcement and prestressing members for internal prestressing or external use. Profiles are available for beams and columns, and sandwich constructions especially for bridge decks. During the manufacture of the structural components fibre-optic sensors for continuous monitoring can be integrated in the materials. Adhesives are being used more and more for joining components.<p> Fibre reinforced polymers have been used in bridge construction since the mid-1980s, mostly for the strengthening of existing structures, and increasingly since the mid-1990s as pilot projects for new structures. In the case of new structures, three basic types of applications can be distinguished: concrete reinforcement, new hybrid structures in combination with traditional construction materials, and all-composite applications, in which the new materials are used exclusively.<p> This Structural Engineering Document also includes application and research recommendations with particular reference to Switzerland.<p> This book is aimed at both students and practising engineers, working in the field of fibre reinforced polymers, bridge design, construction, repair and strengthening.
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Ranzi, Gianluca, ed. Time-dependent behaviour and design of composite steel-concrete structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed018.
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<p>Steel-concrete composite structures are widely used throughout the world for buildings and bridges. A distinguishing feature of this form of construction is the combination of concrete and steel components to achieve enhanced structural performance. <p>The time-dependent response of concrete and its infl uence on the service behaviour and design of composite structures are the main focus of this SED. For the fi rst time, a publication combines a state-of-the-art review of the research with the available design specifi cations of Europe, Australia and New Zealand, and USA. This publication intends to enhance the awareness of the service response of composite structures and of the latest research and standards’ developments. It is aimed at designers and researchers alike. <p>The review of research available in open literature is provided and arranged according to structural typologies, i. e. slabs, beams, and columns. It serves as background information for current service design rules and provides insight into the most recent research advancements. The review of available design guidelines presents the similarities and differences of the recommended service design procedures infl uenced by concrete time effects. Selected case studies of building and bridge projects show possible design approaches and the rationale required when dealing with the time-dependent response and design of composite structures. The authors of this publication are design engineers and academics involved in the service design and research on the time-dependent response of composite structures.
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Dedet, André. Structure du langage et de l'inconscient. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2003.
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Dedet, André. Structure du langage et de l'inconscient. Paris: Harmattan, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Inc Timber Structures"
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Raji, Jofina Elsa, and N. Senthil Kumar. "Structural Analysis of Heritage Timber Structure." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 327–39. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8496-8_41.
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Stalnaker, Judith J., and Ernest C. Harris. "Timber Trusses." In Structural Design in Wood, 213–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9996-4_10.
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Stalnaker, Judith J., and Ernest C. Harris. "Timber Trusses." In Structural Design in Wood, 221–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4082-3_10.
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Wickström, Ulf. "Temperature of Timber Structures." In Temperature Calculation in Fire Safety Engineering, 227–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30172-3_15.
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Gilbert, Benoit P., Steven B. Hancock, and Henri Bailleres. "Thin-Walled Timber Structures." In Materials and Joints in Timber Structures, 119–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7811-5_11.
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Just, Alar, Anthony Abu, David Barber, Christian Dagenais, Michael Klippel, and Martin Milner. "Load-bearing timber structures." In Fire Safe Use of Wood in Buildings, 227–76. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003190318-7.
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Stalnaker, Judith J., and Ernest C. Harris. "Selecting Sawn-Timber Beams." In Structural Design in Wood, 101–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9996-4_6.
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Stalnaker, Judith J., and Ernest C. Harris. "Selecting Sawn-Timber Beams." In Structural Design in Wood, 100–130. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4082-3_6.
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Bhooshan, Vishu, Alicia Nahmad, Philip Singer, Taizhong Chen, Ling Mao, Henry David Louth, and Shajay Bhooshan. "Spatial Curved Laminated Timber Structures." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 859–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36922-3_43.
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Dagenais, Christian, Alar Just, and Birgit Östman. "Timber structures and wood products." In Fire Safe Use of Wood in Buildings, 1–32. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003190318-1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Inc Timber Structures"
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Tahilramani, Dhaneesh R., and Juliet Hitchins. "Application of Model Reduction Techniques Within Cummins Inc." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5512.
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For the past decade Cummins Inc. have increased the use of standard Finite Element Analysis (FEA) techniques to drive the design of its products. However, as FEA models are not scalable to the limits of hardware, running traditional FEA, especially on large High Horse Power (HHP) engine structures’ assemblies, both reliably and within a reasonable time frame was found to be not possible. This led to carrying out numerous analyses with fewer parts and assumed boundary conditions. This strategy ignores effects due to system vibration of the assembly. To reduce the risk of failures on complex assemblies, high speed engines required a more accurate analytical prediction of modal stresses on a system level. To increase the capacity of running system level analyses, a structured approach was followed and the Model Reduction Techniques Functional Excellence mini team was set up to develop methods and train analysts. The team have been using Six Sigma tools [1] to carry out voice of the customer interviews in order to define the analytical requirements for running models for large complex structures (>20 million degree of freedom). This consists of brainstorming concepts to select solutions based on advanced analytical Substructuring techniques to best fit requirements. The benefits of the new process include a significant reduction in solve time, the ability to carry out system analysis, to follow an efficient working practice using a modular approach, to allow parallel processing globally and secure intellectual property rights when working with suppliers and customers of the Cummins Inc. products. This paper shares experience on applying model reduction techniques following a structured approach and highlights computing and training resources for an analysis team.
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Leopold, Dave, Adam Malone, Cris Bosetti, John Macomber, and Rami Slim. "3 Inch Ice Shapes, AB Initio." In International Conference on Icing of Aircraft, Engines, and Structures. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-1434.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The term “3 inch ice shapes” has assumed numerous definitions throughout the years. At times it has been used to generally characterize large glaze ice accretions on the major aerodynamic surfaces (wing, horizontal stabilizer, vertical stabilizer) for evaluating aerodynamic performance and handling qualities after a prolonged icing encounter. It has also been used as a more direct criterion while determining or enforcing sectional ice shape characteristics such as the maximum pinnacle height. It is the authors’ observation that over the years, the interpretation and application of this term has evolved and is now broadly misunderstood. Compounding the situation is, at present, a seemingly contradictory set of guidance among (and even within) the various international regulatory agencies resulting in an ambiguous set of expectations for design and certification specialists. The focus of this paper is to provide a more complete and accurate historical accounting of “3 inch ice shapes” which is currently only speculative and incomplete within the public purview. It is the authors’ intent to provide a better collective understanding and appreciation for how the industry arrived at this current state.</div></div>
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Du, Juan, Paul DiCarlo, Jess Richter, and Clair Guess. "Design and Fabrication of the World’s First Filament–Wound Section X Class II Vessels." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57423.
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The world’s first filament-wound ASME Section X [1] Class II FRP(fiber reinforced plastic) vessels were built by Tankinetics Inc. in 2010. These vessels had semi-elliptical top and bottom, and were supported on skirts as shown in Fig.1. This paper is focused on the novelty of these vessels from design and fabrication standpoints. The design pressure is 50.76 psig. Ashland Derakane™ 470 resin is selected for the corrosion liner, and Derakane™ 510 N resin is used in the structural layer. The design is based on ASME Section X code [1] method A. For wind and seismic analysis, IBC 2006[3] and NBCC 2005[4] codes are followed. The domed top and bottom were made by hand lay-up method while the cylindrical shell section and skirt were made by filament winding technology. Filament winding is chosen for these pioneer vessels because it can produce stiffer, higher-strength laminates with much less fabrication time as compared to traditional hand lay-up process.
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Kusek, Stephen, Michael Caraway, Timothy McFarland, Matthew Lynn, Aaron Sahm, Robert Boehm, and Omer Ayubi. "Initial Testing of the HiTek Solar Tracking Monitor." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91204.
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HiTek Services, Inc. has designed, fabricated, and tested a solar monitoring system that can measure the sun’s position with high accuracy. Sun position data, measured by the University of Nevada, Las Vegas Center for Energy Research, is presented showing that the instrument’s accuracy is better than 0.004 degrees (one σ). A histogram is presented showing that nearly 100 % of the time the measurement error is less than 0.008 degrees. The capability of using multiple sun monitors with synchronized data collection to measure the structural bending of one part of a tracking structure relative to another part of the structure is discussed and data are presented. Other operating features, such as being self-contained, no external cables required, and the ability to record data for a week without recharging the batteries, are discussed.
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Hirashima, Takeo, Heisuke Yamashita, Shungo Ishi, Tatsuki Igarashi, Shigeaki Baba, and Tomoyuki Someya. "Deformation behaviour and failure time of glued laminated timber columns in fire." In 11th International Conference on Structures in Fire (SiF2020). Brisbane, Australia: The University of Queensland, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/beec17b.
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Morandi, Alberto, Diego Martinez, and Charles Smith. "Statistics of TLP Tendon Tension Behaviour During Hurricane Lili." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51445.
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Hurricane Lili permitted an assessment of the global performance of several deepwater structures under a major environmental event. The US Minerals Management Service (MMS) commissioned American Global Maritime Inc. (AGMI) to collect and assess information on the performance of the deepwater production facilities that were impacted by Lili. The Shell Brutus Tension Leg Platform (TLP) provided comprehensive measurements of winds, motions and tendon tensions during Lili. The tendon tension data recorded was analyzed in both the time and frequency domain and tendon tension statistics were comparable to the relevant design values. Other relevant comparisons included natural period and damping estimates. Overall the design ‘recipe’ adopted for Brutus was sufficient to prevent exceedance of design capacities and damage to the hull structure and tendons during Hurricane Lili. The lessons learned from the analyses and recommendations for further work are also summarized in this paper.
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West, Robert L., and Wei Wang. "Elements of a Software Architecture for a Rapid Prototype Test and Evaluation System for Experimental Structural Dynamics." In ASME 1992 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1992-0027.
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Abstract This paper presents work in progress toward the development of a test and evaluation system for a new concept in experimental structural dynamics. Structural imaging is composed of both the static and dynamic image of the structure, resulting in the structure’s profile and dynamic response. Structural imaging is realized by interfacing a scanning laser velocimeter to an engineering workstation for data acquisition, signal processing, data modeling and scientific visualization. A software system is to be developed that will allow the investigation of the science and the rapid-prototyping and evaluation of new methods. The design goals for the system software are presented. The concepts defining the elements of the software architecture are also discussed. The event driven finite state machine is explored as the fundamental model of the system architecture. Run-time configuration of the software and virtual instruments provides a mechanism for the evolution of the system. The concepts of the project and test objects are introduced to support the testing of structures. Issues of systems integration and system objects for handling errors and files are also discussed.
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Stavric, Milena Albert Wiltsche, and Thomas Bogensperger. "Generative Design for Folded Timber Structures." In CAADRIA 2015: Emerging Experience in Past, Present and Future of Digital Architecture. CAADRIA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2015.673.
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Ugrekhelidze, A. T. "WOODEN STRUCTURES." In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2020.395-398.
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The NMIT Arts & Media Building in Nelson, New Zealand is the first in a new generation of multi-storey timber structures. It employs a number of innovative timber technologies including an advanced damage avoidance earthquake design that is a world first for a timber building. Aurecon structural engineers are the first to use this revolutionary Pres-Lam technology developed at the University of Canterbury
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Tseng, Yu-Wen, Chao-Yaug Liao, Chin-Huang Tseng, and Po-Kai Chen. "Contour Scanning Method With Inner Supports for Micro-Shell Structural Strengthening Strategy Based on Two-Photon Polymerization Technology." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97321.
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Abstract The traditional two-photon polymerization manufacturing technology encounters two difficulties in fabricating submillimeter/micron-scale structures: excessively long fabrication time and weak structural strength, causing collapse of the structure. To solve these problems, this research first develops a new laser scanning path planning strategy, namely, the contour scanning method with inner supports. The concept is to reduce the fabrication time by manufacturing only submillimeter/micron structural shells as well as to generate the support structure below the horizontal area of the shell to enhance the structural strength. In this study, a method for generating a laser scanning path is presented, and a simple micro-cuboid and a micro-calcaneus with complex shape are fabricated to verify the proposed method. The method can effectively reduce the fabrication time and prevent submillimeter/micron structure collapse.
Reports on the topic "Inc Timber Structures"
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Weinstein Agrawal, Asha, Samuel Speroni, Michael Manville, and Brian D. Taylor. Pay-As-You-Go Driving: Examining Possible Road-User Charge Rate Structures for California. Mineta Transporation Institute, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2149.
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This report lays out principles to help California policymakers identify an optimal rate structure for a road-user charge (RUC). The rate structure is different from the rate itself. The rate is the price a driver pays, while the structure is the set of principles that govern how that price is set. We drew on existing research on rate setting in transportation, public utilities, and behavioral economics to develop a set of conceptual principles that can be used to evaluate rate structures, and then applied these principles to a set of mileage fee rate structure options. Key findings include that transportation system users already pay for driving using a wide array of rate structures, including some that charge rate structured based on vehicle characteristics, user characteristics, and time or location of driving. We also conclude that the principal advantage of RUCs is not their ability to raise revenue but rather to variably allocate charges among various types of users and travelers. To obtain those benefits, policymakers need to proactively design rate structures to advance important state policy goals and/or improve administrative and political feasibility.
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Canto, Patricia, ed. 2022 Basque Country Competitiveness Report. Foundations of competitiveness in times of uncertainty. Universidad de Deusto, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/mhzr4339.
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In circumstances of high uncertainty, both recent performance and competitiveness fundamentals need to be well understood. Structured around our territorial competitiveness for wellbeing framework, the Basque Country Competitiveness. Report 2022 offers an analysis of the situation in the Basque Country, with the aim of identifying actions that will underpin future competitiveness beyond the current economic situation. The first chapter of this report presents an up-to-date analysis of the Basque Country’s performance in wellbeing and economic/business dimensions. The next two chapters analyse key dimensions of the structural context of the Basque Country: economic structure (Chapter 2) and demographics and personal values (Chapter 3). In turn, Chapter 4 analyses recent developments in the main indicators for the six dynamic levers of competitiveness in the Basque Country. In addition to pinpointing several specific points of action for each lever, the Report concludes with five priority cross-cutting actions to guide the activities of firms, governments and other stakeholders.
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McKinnon, Mark, Craig Weinschenk, and Daniel Madrzykowski. Modeling Gas Burner Fires in Ranch and Colonial Style Structures. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/mwje4818.
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The test scenarios ranged from fires in the structures with no exterior ventilation to room fires with flow paths that connected the fires with remote intake and exhaust vents. In the ranch, two replicate fires were conducted for each room of origin and each ventilation condition. Rooms of fire origin included the living room, bedroom, and kitchen. In the colonial, the focus was on varying the flow paths to examine the change in fire behavior and the resulting damage. No replicates were conducted in the colonial. After each fire scene was documented, the interior finish and furnishings were replaced in affected areas of the structure. Instrumentation was installed to measure gas temperature, gas pressure, and gas movement within the structures. In addition, oxygen sensors were installed to determine when a sufficient level of oxygen was available for flaming combustion. Standard video and firefighting IR cameras were also installed inside of the structures to capture information about the fire dynamics of the experiments. Video cameras were also positioned outside of the structures to monitor the flow of smoke, flames, and air at the exterior vents. Each of the fires were started from a small flaming source. The fires were allowed to develop until they self-extinguished due to a lack of oxygen or until the fire had transitioned through flashover. The times that fires burned post-flashover varied based on the damage occurring within the structure. The goal was have patterns remaining on the ceiling, walls, and floors post-test. In total, thirteen experiments were conducted in the ranch structure and eight experiments were conducted in the colonial structure. All experiments were conducted at UL's Large Fire Laboratory in Northbrook, IL. Increasing the ventilation available to the fire, in both the ranch and the colonial, resulted in additional burn time, additional fire growth, and a larger area of fire damage within the structures. These changes are consistent with fire dynamics based assessments and were repeatable. Fire patterns within the room of origin led to the area of origin when the ventilation of the structure was considered. Fire patterns generated pre-flashover, persisted post-flashover if the ventilation points were remote from the area of origin.
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Zhu, Minjie, and Michael Scott. Two-Dimensional Debris-Fluid-Structure Interaction with the Particle Finite Element Method. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/gsfh8371.
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In addition to tsunami wave loading, tsunami-driven debris can cause significant damage to coastal infrastructure and critical bridge lifelines. Using numerical simulations to predict loads imparted by debris on structures is necessary to supplement the limited number of physical experiments of in-water debris loading. To supplement SPH-FEM (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics-Finite Element Method) simulations described in a companion PEER report, fluid-structure-debris simulations using the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) show the debris modeling capabilities in OpenSees. A new contact element simulates solid to solid interaction with the PFEM. Two-dimensional simulations are compared to physical experiments conducted in the Oregon State University Large Wave Flume by other researchers and the formulations are extended to three-dimensional analysis. Computational times are reported to compare the PFEM simulations with other numerical methods of modeling fluid-structure interaction (FSI) with debris. The FSI and debris simulation capabilities complement the widely used structural and geotechnical earthquake simulation capabilities of OpenSees and establish the foundation for multi-hazard earthquake and tsunami simulation to include debris.
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Moghimi, Gholamreza, and Nicos Makris. Response Modification of Structures with Supplemental Rotational Inertia. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/tihv1701.
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Tall, multistory, buildings are becoming increasingly popular in large cities as a result of growing urbanization trends (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2018). As cities continue to grow, many of them along the coasts of continents which are prone to natural hazards, the performance of tall, flexible buildings when subjected to natural hazards is a pressing issue with engineering relevance. The performance of structures when subjected to dynamic loads can be enhanced with various response modification strategies which have been traditionally achieved with added stiffness, flexibility, damping and strength (Kelly et al. 1972; Skinner et al. 1973, 1974; Clough and Penzien 1975; Zhang et al. 1989; Aiken 1990; Whittaker et al. 1991; Makris et al. 1993a,b; Skinner et al. 1993; Inaudi and Makris 1996; Kelly 1997; Soong and Dargush 1997; Constantinou et al. 1998; Makris and Chang 2000a; Chang and Makris 2000; Black et al. 2002, 2003; Symans et al. 2008; Sarlis et al. 2013; Tena-Colunga 1997). Together with the elastic spring that produces a force proportional to the relative displacement of its end-nodes and the viscous dashpot that produces a force proportional to the relative velocity of its end-nodes; the inerter produces a force proportional to the relative acceleration of its end-nodes and emerges as the third elementary mechanical element (in addition to the spring and dashpot) capable for modifying structural response. Accordingly, in this report we examine the seismic performance of multistory and seismically isolated structures when equipped with inerters. In view that the inerter emerges as the third elementary mechanical element for the synthesis of mechanical networks, in Chapter 2 we derive the basic frequency- and time-response functions of the inerter together with these of the two-parameter inertoelastic and inertoviscous mechanical networks. Chapter 3 examines the response of a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure where the first story is equipped with inerters. Both cases of a stiff and a compliant support of the inerters are examined. The case of two parallel clutching inerters is investigated and the study concludes that as the compliance of the frame that supports the inerters increases, the use of a single inerter offers more favorable response other than increasing the force transferred to the support frame. Chapter 4 examines the seismic response analysis of the classical two-degree-of-freedom isolated structure with supplemental rotational inertia (inerter) in its isolation system. The analysis shows that for the “critical” amount of rotational inertia which eliminates the participation of the second mode, the effect of this elimination is marginal on the structural response since the participation of the second mode is invariably small even when isolation systems without inerters are used. Our study, upon showing that the reaction force at the support of the inerter is appreciable, proceeds with a non-linear response analysis that implements a state-space formulation which accounts for the bilinear behavior of practical isolation system (single concave sliding bearings or lead-rubber bearings) in association with the compliance of the support of the inerter. Our study concludes that supplemental rotational inertia aggravates the displacement and acceleration response of the elastic superstructure and as a result, for larger isolation periods (Tb > 2.5s) the use of inerters in isolation systems is not recommended. Chapter 5 first examines the response analysis of a SDOF elastoplastic and bilinear structure and reveals that when the yielding structure is equipped with supplemental rotational inertia, the equal- displacement rule is valid starting from lower values of the pre-yielding period given that the presence of inerters lengthens the apparent pre-yielding period. The analysis concludes that sup- plemental rotational inertia emerges as an attractive response modification strategy for elastoplastic and bilinear SDOF structures with pre-yielding periods up to T1 = 1.5sec. For larger pre-yielding periods (say T1 > 2.0sec), the effectiveness of inerters to suppress the inelastic response of 2DOF yielding structures reduces; and for very flexible first stories; as in the case of isolated structures examined in chapter 4, the use of inerter at the first level (isolation system) is not recommended. Finally, chapter 6 shows that, in spite of the reduced role of inerters when placed at floor levels other than the first level (they no-longer suppress the induced ground acceleration nor they can eliminate the participation of higher modes), they still manifest a unique role since it is not possible to replace a structure with solitary inerters at higher levels with an equivalent traditional structure without inerters.
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Emmerson, Stephen. Modulations through time. Norges Musikkhøgskole, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.530427.
Full textAbstract:
This article explores the rationale behind a performance given by the authors at the Unfolding the Process symposium held in Oslo in November 2015. For this occasion, the authors devised a new version of Bach’s Goldberg Variations that builds upon Emmerson’s arrangement of the work for two pianos in 2012. A shortened version of the work (c.30 minutes) was designed that aimed nonetheless to maintain the original work’s sense of structural balance and coherence. This version involved the transposition of a number of variations into different keys to explore the possibility of adding a satisfying tonal structure to our experience of the work, in a context where both performers see potential communicative value in 'playing with' dimensions of original masterworks with a view to giving fresh perspective to the listener experience. The article is written from the alternating perspectives of the authors; one of which is primarily concerned with the rationale and process of devising the arrangement while the other reflects upon the performative aspects and implications arising from it.
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Maydykovskiy, Igor, and Petras Užpelkis. The Physical Essence of Time. Intellectual Archive, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2450.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers the model of the space-frequency-time continuum, according to which the physical essence of Time is manifested as a fraction of electromagnetic energy spent on updating a material object in a cyclic process of copying-incarnation. For all structural levels of physical reality, the value of this fraction is a fundamental constant, which can be represented as the tangent of the loss angle, or expressed in radians, as the angle of inclination of the evolutionary spiral, which characterizes the rate of change of states or the duration of events and processes. The value of this constant can be calculated, and its value turns out to be identically equals to the square of the fine structure Constant (α2). The description of the method for identifying a new constant allows us to present the formula of Scientific Discovery as the Physical Essence of Time.
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Vavrin, John L., Ghassan K. Al-Chaar, Eric L. Kreiger, Michael P. Case, Brandy N. Diggs, Richard J. Liesen, Justine Yu, et al. Automated Construction of Expeditionary Structures (ACES) : Energy Modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39641.
Full textAbstract:
The need to conduct complex operations over time results in U.S. forces remaining in deployed locations for long periods. In such cases, more sustainable facilities are required to better accommodate and protect forward deployed forces. Current efforts to develop safer, more sustainable operating facilities for contingency bases involve construction activities that redesign the types and characteris-tics of the structures constructed, reduce the resources required to build, and reduce resources needed to operate and maintain the com-pleted facilities. The Automated Construction of Expeditionary Structures (ACES) project was undertaken to develop the capability to “print” custom-designed expeditionary structures on demand, in the field, using locally available materials with the minimum number of personnel. This work investigated large-scale automated “additive construction” (i.e., 3D printing with concrete) for construction applications. This document, which documents ACES energy and modeling, is one of four technical reports, each of which details a major area of the ACES research project, its research processes, and associated results, including: System Requirements, Construction, and Performance; Energy and Modeling; Materials and Testing; Architectural and Structural Analysis.
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Diggs, Brandy N., Richard J. Liesen, Michael P. Case, Sameer Hamoush, and Ahmed C. Megri. Automated Construction of Expeditionary Structures (ACES) : Energy Modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39759.
Full textAbstract:
The need to conduct complex operations over time results in U.S. forces remaining in deployed locations for long periods. In such cases, more sustainable facilities are required to better accommodate and protect forward deployed forces. Current efforts to develop safer, more sustainable operating facilities for contingency bases involve construction activities that redesign the types and characteris-tics of the structures constructed, reduce the resources required to build, and reduce resources needed to operate and maintain the com-pleted facilities. The Automated Construction of Expeditionary Structures (ACES) project was undertaken to develop the capability to “print” custom-designed expeditionary structures on demand, in the field, using locally available materials with the minimum number of personnel. This work investigated large-scale automated “additive construction” (i.e., 3D printing with concrete) for construction applications. This document, which documents ACES energy and modeling, is one of four technical reports, each of which details a major area of the ACES research project, its research processes, and associated results, including: System Requirements, Construction, and Performance; Energy and Modeling; Materials and Testing; Architectural and Structural Analysis.
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Howard, Isaac, Thomas Allard, Ashley Carey, Matthew Priddy, Alta Knizley, and Jameson Shannon. Development of CORPS-STIF 1.0 with application to ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40440.
Full textAbstract:
This report introduces the first release of CORPS-STIF (Concrete Observations Repository and Predictive Software – Structural and Thermodynamical Integrated Framework). CORPS-STIF is envisioned to be used as a tool to optimize material constituents and geometries of mass concrete placements specifically for ultra-high performance concretes (UHPCs). An observations repository (OR) containing results of 649 mechanical property tests and 10 thermodynamical tests were recorded to be used as inputs for current and future releases. A thermodynamical integrated framework (TIF) was developed where the heat transfer coefficient was a function of temperature and determined at each time step. A structural integrated framework (SIF) modeled strength development in cylinders that underwent isothermal curing. CORPS-STIF represents a step toward understanding and predicting strength gain of UHPC for full-scale structures and specifically in mass concrete.