Academic literature on the topic 'Inc Project necessities'
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Journal articles on the topic "Inc Project necessities"
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Gerard, Gregory J., and Severin V. Grabski. "International Lumberyards, Inc.: An Information System Consulting Case." Journal of Information Systems 16, no. 2 (September 1, 2002): 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jis.2002.16.2.117.
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Based on issues faced by an actual company, this case focuses on the design of an appropriate information systems architecture for International Lumberyards, Inc. (ILI). The design necessitates consideration of both the business strategy and the information technology that can support that strategy, since the business strategy needs to be both informed and supported by the information system. A strategy that is not supported by the requisite infrastructure will fail. Likewise, implementing technology that is not aligned with the business strategy will result, at a minimum, in a waste of resources. In the setting described in the case, the technology (or lack thereof) resulted in very constrained processes. A new technology infrastructure, aligned with the business strategy, will allow for future growth as well as addressing the limitations of the current environment. The case description forces consideration of how the organization's multiple locations will communicate with each other, and also what type of information systems software solution should be recommended. However, prior to the long-run goal of a new infrastructure, certain short-term solutions are needed to help the organization survive. The case includes teaching notes and has been designed for flexible classroom use. Due to the complexity of the case, it is recommended as an out-of-class project for use in graduate information systems classes. However, it could be used in undergraduate classes if the instructor provides additional guidance.
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О. Д., Коль,, and Ян, Чжэнь. "ALGORITHM FOR TOURISM LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT STREAMS IN «ONE BELT - ONE ROAD» MEGAPROJECT." Vestnik of Rostov state University (RINH), no. 2(78) (November 23, 2022): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54220/v.rsue.1991-0533.2022.78.2.006.
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В статье формулируются особенности формирования механизма управления туристским потоком в мегапроекте «Один пояс - один путь» (ОПОП). Значительный масштаб мегапроекта обусловливает необходимость формирования специального механизма координации туристских потоков и инициируемых им информационных, финансовых и кадровых потоков в мегапроекте. На основе использования логистической концепции авторами приводится алгоритм управления туристскими потоками в мегапроекте ОПОП, представляющий собой многоуровневую систему. Особое внимание уделяется необходимости создания Международного Координационного Совета (МКС) по управлению туристскими потоками, приводится примерная организационная структура МКС, формулируются основные направления и задачи его деятельности. Так как туристские дестинации выступают инициаторами туристских проектов, реализация которых направлена на количественное и качественное повышение объема туристских потоков в мегапроекте ОПОП, необходимо активно использовать проектный подход в управлении туристскими потоками в мегапроекте. Предложены источники финансирования инвестиционных проектов в сфере туризма для мегапроекта. Article formulates the features of formation of mechanism for managing the tourist flow in megaproject «One Belt - One Road» (BRI). Significant scale of megaproject necessitates the formation of special mechanism for coordinating tourist flows and the information, financial and personnel flows initiated by it in megaproject. Based on the use of logistics concept, authors provide an algorithm for managing tourist flows in BRI megaproject, which is a multi-level system. Particular attention is paid to the need to create an International Coordinating Council (ICC) for management of tourist flows, approximate organizational structure of ICC is given, and main directions and tasks of its activities are formulated. Since tourist destinations are initiators of tourism projects, implementation of which is aimed at quantitative and qualitative increase in volume of tourist flows in BRI megaproject, it is necessary to actively use project approach in managing tourist flows in megaproject. Sources are proposed to use financing of investment projects in field of tourism for megaproject.
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Vaishnav, Jaimine, Ramachandran Thulasiram, Ritesh Kumar, and Pratik Pandey. "From protocols to countermeasures: A comprehensive survey into IoT safety." Multidisciplinary Reviews 6 (April 27, 2024): 2023ss063. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2023ss063.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a field with enormous potential, effect, and development with the emergence of smart cities, smart houses, and intelligent objects. Computer Information System Company (Cisco Inc). Projects that there will be 51 billion devices which are connected by 2021. However, the majority of those IoT gadgets are simple to alter and attack. These IoT devices are generally more susceptible to assaults than other types of endpoints such as desktops, mobile phones, or tablets because of their limitations in terms of storage, computing, and networking capability. The main IoT security concerns are presented and addressed in this study. Along with the methods utilized for connection, interaction, and administration, we examine and classify common security concerns about the IoT layers of architecture. In addition to the most recent assaults, challenges and innovative approaches, we describe the security necessities of the IoT. In addition, we connect and tabulate IoT safety problems with current literature-based remedies. Above all, we explore that blockchain technology, the software that powers Bitcoin, can play a major role in enabling the resolution of numerous IoT security issues. Difficulties along with unresolved research issues related to IoT security are also listed in this study.
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Fereydooni Eftekhari, Alireza, Ania Khodabakhshian, Fulvio Re Cecconi, and Bruno Daniotti. "Improving Circularity in Construction Through a BIM-Based Waste Management Framework." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1363, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1363/1/012042.
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Abstract The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry, known for its significant resource consumption and waste production, requires a shift to a Circular Economy (CE) to address environmental challenges, focusing on reducing, recycling, and reusing materials to narrow, slow, and close material loops. The impact of CE in the AEC industry is directly associated with the existing buildings’ potential to be a source of raw materials for future construction projects. The waste management process necessitates detailed information on material composition, connections, availability, future uses, and quality. Urban Mining, facilitated by digital technologies and Industry 4.0 solutions, aims to provide answers to the abovementioned questions. This study, focusing on the Italian building sector, utilizes BIM and IFC platforms to establish a standardized procedure aligned with Italian regulations. The procedure encompasses data acquisition, transmission, integration, and application, resulting in practical and trackable measures stored in IFC files. Notably, this procedure is scalable globally. The results of this study are important from a managerial point of view to have a comprehensive and standardized procedure, improving waste management and decreasing the environmental impacts of the construction sector. Moreover, it contributes to enhancing the cost-benefit efficiency of the industry through enhancing circularity.
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Monteverde, Avegail L., Joshua James S. Maderazo, Keyleen Christine M. Cruz, and NIcko A. Magnaye. "Web-Based Rental House Smart Finder using Rapid Application Development basis for Evaluation of ISO 205010." International Journal of Metaverse 1, no. 1 (April 5, 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ijm.v1i1.1464.
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Businesses including the promotion of rental properties, utilized the advantage of using technologies to attract more clients. Most of them use a website to easily advertised their properties online. Hence, there were lots of existing system developed to find hotels and apartments online, without considering other affordable rental houses, such as boarding houses and bed spacers. Aside from that, people in Bansud and Bongabong Oriental Mindoro, can’t easily find a rental house with the reason of lack of details regarding the location of each rental house and couldn’t find an affordable rental house immediately. From that, A Web-Based Rental House Smart Finder using Rapid Application Development basis for Evaluation of ISO 205010 was developed to assist the clients in finding affordable variations of rental houses such as boarding house, dormitories, hotels and others. The system can also provide necessary information of specific rental house properties and even gave an alternative option by providing near rental property listings using kilometer distance. The system can also accept reservation request from the clients. On the other hand, the Rapid Application Development was used in building the project for quick continuous development and testing during the project’s software development lifecycle. The RAD strategy allows to investigate a working model as in front of schedule as could be normal considering the present situation if the frameworks meet the necessities required, and propose imperative changes. The ISO/IEC 25010 software quality standards were applied in the evaluation to determine the functional suitability, performance efficiency, usability, reliability, security, maintainability and portability of the system. The overall mean of the ISO/IEC 25010 evaluation result was 3.67, which was regarded as very effective, indicating that the evaluators were satisfied by giving positive feedback. Some of the evaluators suggested to have a mobile application for accessibility.
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Enyew, Ermias Bekele, Abiyu Abadi Tareke, Abiy Tasew Dubale, Samrawit Mihret Fetene, Mohammedjud Hassen Ahmed, Mahider Shimelis Feyisa, and Habtamu Setegn Ngusie. "Micronutrient intake and associated factors among pregnant women in East Africa: Multilevel logistic regression analysis." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (April 25, 2023): e0281427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281427.
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Background Micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy pose significant public health issues, considering the potential for negative consequences not only during pregnancy but also throughout life. Anemia in pregnant women is becoming a significant problem in developing countries, with scientific evidence indicating that 41.8 percent of women worldwide suffer from anemia. As a result, investigating the pooled prevalence and factors associated with micronutrient intake among pregnant women in East Africa is critical to alleviate the burden of micronutrient deficiency among pregnant women. Method The pooled prevalence of micronutrient intake with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported and presented in a forest plot for East Africa Countries using STATA version 14.1. Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Likelihood Ratio (LR) test, Median Odds Ratio (MOR), and deviance (-2LLR) values were used for model comparison and fitness. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and p-value ≤0.05 in the multilevel logistic model were used to declare significant factors associated with micronutrient intake. Result The pooled prevalence of micronutrient intake in East African countries was 36.07% (95% CI: 35.82%, 36.33%). In the multilevel logistic regression model, women from the highest wealth quintile were 1.06 [AOR = 1.09, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.11] more likely to take micronutrients compared to their counterparts. Mothers who attained primary education, secondary education, and tertiary education had 1.20 times [AOR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.26], 1.28 times [AOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.36] and 1.22 times [AOR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.38] more likely take micronutrient compared to mothers who attained no education, respectively. Conclusion The overall prevalence of micronutrient intake in East Africa was low. Only 36% of the study participants had micronutrient intake practice. Socioeconomic factors (education level, and household wealth status) have been shown to influence micronutrient intake. Therefore, it is necessitates the continuation of ongoing projects as well as the development of fresh ones that concentrate on these variables and include effective treatments and programs, especially among underprivileged and vulnerable populations.
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Pikkusaari, Sanna, Essi Kahelin, Jaana Oikkonen, Yilin Li, Giulia Micoli, Heidi Koskela, Anna Rajavuori, et al. "Abstract PR-003: Half of CCNE1-amplified high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas are homologous recombination deficient and platinum-sensitive." Cancer Research 84, no. 5_Supplement_2 (March 4, 2024): PR—003—PR—003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.ovarian23-pr-003.
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Abstract In ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) sensitizes tumors to DNA-damaging platinum-based chemotherapy, as well as to poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), resulting in longer survival compared to HR-proficient patients. Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) amplified tumors are found in about 20% of HGSC patients and associate with poorer clinical outcomes. CCNE1 amplification is mutually exclusive with inactivating BRCA1/2 mutations, the best-established cause for HRD. This has led to the notion that CCNE1-amplified tumors are dependent on the HR pathway for viability i.e., are HR-proficient, but empirical data to demonstrate this are scarce. We set out to investigate whether in CCNE1-amplified HGSC, functional HR is indeed essential. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from >200 HGSOC patients has to date been produced as part of the DECIDER project (https://www.deciderproject.eu/); from this cohort, we identified 51 CCNE1-amplified cases (defined as at least 8 CCNE1 copies and 2x tumor ploidy). As expected, no BRCA1/2-mutated patients were found in this cohort. For each CCNE1-amplified patient, we aimed to assess CCNE1 protein levels by IHC from at least one tumor site, obtain genomics-based HRD estimates and quantify functional HR capacity based on positivity for RAD51, a key HR protein marker that predicts clinically relevant HRD (Pikkusaari et al. 2023, PMID 36805632). So far, we have analyzed 29 CCNE1-amplified tumor specimens from 24 HGSC patients, all FIGO stage IIIB or higher. A third of samples displayed genomic HRD, i.e., were positive for mutational signature SBS3+ and/or ovaHRDscar+ (Perez-Villatoro et al. 2022, PMID 36581696); 50% were functionally HR-deficient, as measured by the RAD51 assay. Our findings thus challenge the dogma that CCNE1 amplification is mutually exclusive with HRD. Moreover, clinical outcomes of HR-deficient vs. HR-proficient CCNE1-amplified patients were significantly better (11/12 vs. 1/12 with complete response to primary therapy, median progression-free survival of 511 days vs. 316 days, respectively), indicating that our assays are measuring clinically meaningful HRD, and that HRD is a major driver of favorable platinum response also in the CCNE1-amplified cohort. It follows that the HR-deficient CCNE1-amplified subgroup would be expected to benefit from PARPi therapy as well. Our results indicate that CCNE1 amplification alone is not a surrogate marker for HR-proficient HGSC, nor an optimal predictive biomarker of chemotherapy resistance in HGSC. Instead, HRD – which in CCNE1-amplified tumors appears to not be consistently detectable by genomics-based HRD assays and therefore necessitates functional HRD testing – should be incorporated into patient stratification within the CCNE1-amplified patient population, to identify platinum-sensitive (and presumably, PARPi-sensitive) cases. Citation Format: Sanna Pikkusaari, Essi Kahelin, Jaana Oikkonen, Yilin Li, Giulia Micoli, Heidi Koskela, Anna Rajavuori, Johanna Hynninen, Sampsa Hautaniemi, Anni Virtanen, Liisa Kauppi. Half of CCNE1-amplified high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas are homologous recombination deficient and platinum-sensitive [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Ovarian Cancer; 2023 Oct 5-7; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(5 Suppl_2):Abstract nr PR-003.
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Shafrir, A. L., L. A. Wise, J. R. Palmer, Z. O. Shuaib, L. M. Katuska, P. Vinayak, M. Kvaskoff, K. L. Terry, and S. A. Missmer. "Validity of self-reported endometriosis: a comparison across four cohorts." Human Reproduction 36, no. 5 (February 17, 2021): 1268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab012.
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Abstract STUDY QUESTION How accurately do women report a diagnosis of endometriosis on self-administered questionnaires? SUMMARY ANSWER Based on the analysis of four international cohorts, women self-report endometriosis fairly accurately with a > 70% confirmation for clinical and surgical records. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The study of complex diseases requires large, diverse population-based samples, and endometriosis is no exception. Due to the difficulty of obtaining medical records for a condition that may have been diagnosed years earlier and for which there is no standardized documentation, reliance on self-report is necessary. Only a few studies have assessed the validity of self-reported endometriosis compared with medical records, with the observed confirmation ranging from 32% to 89%. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We compared questionnaire-reported endometriosis with medical record notation among participants from the Black Women’s Health Study (BWHS; 1995-2013), Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale (E3N; 1990-2006), Growing Up Today Study (GUTS; 2005–2016), and Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII; 1989–1993 first wave, 1995–2007 second wave). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants who had reported endometriosis on self-administered questionnaires gave permission to procure and review their clinical, surgical, and pathology medical records, yielding records for 827 women: 225 (BWHS), 168 (E3N), 85 (GUTS), 132 (NHSII first wave), and 217 (NHSII second wave). We abstracted diagnosis confirmation as well as American Fertility Society (AFS) or revised American Society of Reproductive Medicine (rASRM) stage and visualized macro-presentation (e.g. superficial peritoneal, deep endometriosis, endometrioma). For each cohort, we calculated clinical reference to endometriosis, and surgical- and pathologic-confirmation proportions. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Confirmation was high—84% overall when combining clinical, surgical, and pathology records (ranging from 72% for BWHS to 95% for GUTS), suggesting that women accurately report if they are told by a physician that they have endometriosis. Among women with self-reported laparoscopic confirmation of their endometriosis diagnosis, confirmation of medical records was extremely high (97% overall, ranging from 95% for NHSII second wave to 100% for NHSII first wave). Importantly, only 42% of medical records included pathology reports, among which histologic confirmation ranged from 76% (GUTS) to 100% (NHSII first wave). Documentation of visualized endometriosis presentation was often absent, and details recorded were inconsistent. AFS or rASRM stage was documented in 44% of NHSII first wave, 13% of NHSII second wave, and 24% of GUTS surgical records. The presence/absence of deep endometriosis was rarely noted in the medical records. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Medical record abstraction was conducted separately by cohort-specific investigators, potentially introducing misclassification due to variation in abstraction protocols and interpretation. Additionally, information on the presence/absence of AFS/rASRM stage, deep endometriosis, and histologic findings were not available for all four cohort studies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Variation in access to care and differences in disease phenotypes and risk factor distributions among patients with endometriosis necessitates the use of large, diverse population samples to subdivide patients for risk factor, treatment response and discovery of long-term outcomes. Women self-report endometriosis with reasonable accuracy (>70%) and with exceptional accuracy when women are restricted to those who report that their endometriosis had been confirmed by laparoscopic surgery (>94%). Thus, relying on self-reported endometriosis in order to use larger sample sizes of patients with endometriosis appears to be valid, particularly when self-report of laparoscopic confirmation is used as the case definition. However, the paucity of data on histologic findings, AFS/rASRM stage, and endometriosis phenotypic characteristics suggests that a universal requirement for harmonized clinical and surgical data documentation is needed if we hope to obtain the relevant details for subgrouping patients with endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This project was supported by Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development grants HD48544, HD52473, HD57210, and HD94842, National Cancer Institute grants CA50385, R01CA058420, UM1CA164974, and U01CA176726, and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant U01HL154386. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. AS, SM, and KT were additionally supported by the J. Willard and Alice S. Marriott Foundation. MK was supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (#PIOF-GA-2011-302078) and is grateful to the Philippe Foundation and the Bettencourt-Schueller Foundation for their financial support. Funders had no role in the study design, conduct of the study or data analysis, writing of the report, or decision to submit the article for publication. LA Wise has served as a fibroid consultant for AbbVie, Inc for the last three years and has received in-kind donations (e.g. home pregnancy tests) from Swiss Precision Diagnostics, Sandstone Diagnostics, Kindara.com, and FertilityFriend.com for the PRESTO cohort. SA Missmer serves as an advisory board member for AbbVie and a single working group service for Roche; neither are related to this study. No other authors have a conflict of interest to report. Funders had no role in the study design, conduct of the study or data analysis, writing of the report, or decision to submit the article for publication. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Schneider, Moritz, Joshua Dietrich Schilz, Michael Schürer, Sebastian Gantz, Anne Dreyer, Gert Rothe, Falk Tillner, Elisabeth Bodenstein, Felix Horst, and Elke Beyreuther. "SAPPHIRE - establishment of small animal proton and photon image-guided radiation experiments." Physics in Medicine & Biology, March 27, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ad3887.
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Abstract The in vivo evolution of radiotherapy necessitates innovative platforms for preclinical investigation, bridging the gap between bench research and clinical applications. Understanding the nuances of radiation response, specifically tailored to proton and photon therapies, is critical for optimizing treatment outcomes. Within this context, preclinical in vivo experimental setups incorporating image guidance for both photon and proton therapies are pivotal, enabling the translation of findings from small animal models to clinical settings. 
The SAPPHIRE project represents a milestone in this pursuit, presenting the installation of the small animal radiation therapy integrated beamline (SmART+ IB, Precision X-Ray Inc., Madison, Connecticut, USA) designed for preclinical image-guided proton and photon therapy experiments at University Proton Therapy Dresden. Through Monte Carlo simulations, low-dose on-site cone beam computed tomography imaging and quality assurance alignment protocols, the project ensures the safe and precise application of radiation, crucial for replicating clinical scenarios in small animal models. The creation of Hounsfield lookup tables and comprehensive proton and photon beam characterizations within this system enable accurate dose calculations, allowing for targeted and controlled comparison experiments. By integrating these capabilities, SAPPHIRE bridges preclinical investigations and potential clinical applications, offering a platform for translational radiobiology research and cancer therapy advancements.
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Willis, Angelique, Mildred Addo, Lauren Yoder, Cassandra Johnson, Sydney Resler, Leticia Young, and Elizabeth Armstrong-Mensah. "Individual and Community Level Factors Related to Sanitation, Water Quality, Treatment and Management in Rural Communities in Accra, Ghana: A Field Study Report." International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health 6, no. 1 (February 9, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.395.
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Access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation are basic necessities of life, yet not everyone in the world is able to access these services, particularly people living in rural areas. Rural areas in Ghana, defined as communities with populations less than 5,000 people, and some rural areas in the United States (US), defined as non-metropolitan communities, experience water and sanitation-related issues to varying degrees. The purpose of the field study was to examine individual and community level issues related to sanitation, and water sources, water quality, treatment and management, water needs and water-related illness in Accra, Ghana, and to determine areas of similarities and differences with the US. Thus, study results are not generalizable to the entire population of Ghana. Given the short duration of the entire field study (three weeks) and the fact that most information on water and sanitation in the US is publicly-available, secondary data from various sources were used for the US comparison. Results from the study showed that 61.4% of study participants in the selected communities in Accra and 80.0% of Americans living in rural areas had access to safe water. Lack of access to toilet facilities was minimal in rural communities in both Ghana and the US. Copyright © 2022 Willis et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Books on the topic "Inc Project necessities"
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Mitchell, George E., Hans Peter Schmitz, and Tosca Bruno-van Vijfeijken. Between Power and Irrelevance. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190084714.001.0001.
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Geopolitical shifts, increasing demands for accountability, and growing competition have been driving the need for change within the transnational nongovernmental organization (TNGO) sector. Additionally, TNGOs have been embracing more transformative strategies aimed at the root causes, not just the symptoms, of societal problems. As the world has changed and TNGOs’ ambitions have expanded, the roles of TNGOs have begun to shift and their work has become more complex. To remain effective, legitimate, and relevant in the future necessitates organizational changes and investments in new capabilities. However, many organizations have been slow to adapt. As a result, for many TNGOs’ the rhetoric of sustainable impact and transformative change has far outpaced the reality of their limited abilities to deliver on their promises. This book frankly explores why this gap between rhetoric and reality exists and what TNGOs can do individually and collectively to close it. In short, TNGOs need to change the fundamental conditions under which they themselves operate by bringing their own “forms and norms” into better alignment with their contemporary ambitions and strategies. This book offers accessible future-oriented analyses and lessons-learned to assist readers in formulating and implementing organizational changes to adapt TNGOs for the future. The book draws upon a variety of disciplines and perspectives, including hundreds of interviews with TNGO leaders, firsthand involvement in major organizational change processes in leading TNGOs, and numerous workshops, training institutes, consultancies, and research projects.
Book chapters on the topic "Inc Project necessities"
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Leonardi, Maria Laura, Stefano Cursi, Daniel V. Oliveira, Miguel Azenha, and Elena Gigliarelli. "Linked Data for the Categorization of Failures Mechanisms in Existing Unreinforced Masonry Buildings." In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 781–90. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.78.
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Assessing the structural integrity of unreinforced masonry structures is a complex and time-consuming process that necessitates the knowledge of various experts and meticulous cross-referencing of diverse data to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the building. In recent years, the Architecture and Construction Industry has witnessed a digital transformation, largely driven by Building Information Modeling (BIM). BIM has proven immensely valuable in the conservation of historic buildings. However, while it excels in new construction projects, its full potential is not fully realized when dealing with existing structures. A clear example of this limitation can be observed in the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format, which lacks instances necessary for accurately representing existing building features. This research contribution aims to advance the process of semantic enrichment of BIM for existing buildings, building upon findings from existing literature. Leveraging the Linked Data Approach and utilizing both existing ontologies and newly proposed domain ontologies, the objective is to facilitate the identification of vulnerabilities and potential local failure mechanisms. The geometric information of the building is represented in the IFC STEP format and enriched semantically by establishing new relationships between classes that are not present in the standard IFC. This approach is applied to a case study in the historical center of Castelnuovo di Porto, Italy. The results of this work demonstrate how the proposed model, enhancing the BIM representation of existing buildings and enabling better identification of potential weaknesses, contributes to improved preservation and seismic resilience of historic structures
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Leonardi, Maria Laura, Stefano Cursi, Daniel V. Oliveira, Miguel Azenha, and Elena Gigliarelli. "Linked Data for the Categorization of Failures Mechanisms in Existing Unreinforced Masonry Buildings." In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 781–90. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.78.
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Assessing the structural integrity of unreinforced masonry structures is a complex and time-consuming process that necessitates the knowledge of various experts and meticulous cross-referencing of diverse data to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the building. In recent years, the Architecture and Construction Industry has witnessed a digital transformation, largely driven by Building Information Modeling (BIM). BIM has proven immensely valuable in the conservation of historic buildings. However, while it excels in new construction projects, its full potential is not fully realized when dealing with existing structures. A clear example of this limitation can be observed in the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format, which lacks instances necessary for accurately representing existing building features. This research contribution aims to advance the process of semantic enrichment of BIM for existing buildings, building upon findings from existing literature. Leveraging the Linked Data Approach and utilizing both existing ontologies and newly proposed domain ontologies, the objective is to facilitate the identification of vulnerabilities and potential local failure mechanisms. The geometric information of the building is represented in the IFC STEP format and enriched semantically by establishing new relationships between classes that are not present in the standard IFC. This approach is applied to a case study in the historical center of Castelnuovo di Porto, Italy. The results of this work demonstrate how the proposed model, enhancing the BIM representation of existing buildings and enabling better identification of potential weaknesses, contributes to improved preservation and seismic resilience of historic structures
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Schürmann, Felix, Jean-Denis Courcol, and Srikanth Ramaswamy. "Computational Concepts for Reconstructing and Simulating Brain Tissue." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 237–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89439-9_10.
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AbstractIt has previously been shown that it is possible to derive a new class of biophysically detailed brain tissue models when one computationally analyzes and exploits the interdependencies or the multi-modal and multi-scale organization of the brain. These reconstructions, sometimes referred to as digital twins, enable a spectrum of scientific investigations. Building such models has become possible because of increase in quantitative data but also advances in computational capabilities, algorithmic and methodological innovations. This chapter presents the computational science concepts that provide the foundation to the data-driven approach to reconstructing and simulating brain tissue as developed by the EPFL Blue Brain Project, which was originally applied to neocortical microcircuitry and extended to other brain regions. Accordingly, the chapter covers aspects such as a knowledge graph-based data organization and the importance of the concept of a dataset release. We illustrate algorithmic advances in finding suitable parameters for electrical models of neurons or how spatial constraints can be exploited for predicting synaptic connections. Furthermore, we explain how in silico experimentation with such models necessitates specific addressing schemes or requires strategies for an efficient simulation. The entire data-driven approach relies on the systematic validation of the model. We conclude by discussing complementary strategies that not only enable judging the fidelity of the model but also form the basis for its systematic refinements.
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Schürmann, Felix, Jean-Denis Courcol, and Srikanth Ramaswamy. "Computational Concepts for Reconstructing and Simulating Brain Tissue." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 237–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89439-9_10.
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AbstractIt has previously been shown that it is possible to derive a new class of biophysically detailed brain tissue models when one computationally analyzes and exploits the interdependencies or the multi-modal and multi-scale organization of the brain. These reconstructions, sometimes referred to as digital twins, enable a spectrum of scientific investigations. Building such models has become possible because of increase in quantitative data but also advances in computational capabilities, algorithmic and methodological innovations. This chapter presents the computational science concepts that provide the foundation to the data-driven approach to reconstructing and simulating brain tissue as developed by the EPFL Blue Brain Project, which was originally applied to neocortical microcircuitry and extended to other brain regions. Accordingly, the chapter covers aspects such as a knowledge graph-based data organization and the importance of the concept of a dataset release. We illustrate algorithmic advances in finding suitable parameters for electrical models of neurons or how spatial constraints can be exploited for predicting synaptic connections. Furthermore, we explain how in silico experimentation with such models necessitates specific addressing schemes or requires strategies for an efficient simulation. The entire data-driven approach relies on the systematic validation of the model. We conclude by discussing complementary strategies that not only enable judging the fidelity of the model but also form the basis for its systematic refinements.
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Henriques, Carla, and Clara Viseu. "Are ERDF Devoted to Boosting ICT in SMEs Inefficient? Further Insights Through the Joint Use of DEA with SFA Models." In Springer Proceedings in Political Science and International Relations, 43–57. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18161-0_3.
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AbstractWe employ a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model coupled with Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) by using data made freely available by the European Commission, to evaluate the procedural efficiency of 51 OPs from 16 countries committed to fostering the adoption of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in small mid-sized enterprises (SMEs). We depart from the results obtained in the previous Chapter with two DEA models, specifically the Slack Based-Measure (SBM) and the Weighted Russel Directional Distance (WRDD) model. Firstly, we adjust the input and output factors through the SFA by removing the influence of environmental factors and statistical noise. Secondly, we instantiate the previous DEA models with adjusted factors, to compute new efficiency factors. All in all, we observed that by removing these contextual effects, nearly 27% of the OPs (14) vs. 30% of the OPs (16) using the SBM and the WRDD approaches, respectively, achieved efficient procedural outcomes, compared to 20 percent (10) without the consideration of these factors. The OP “Multi-regional Spain - ERDF” is commonly considered a benchmark regardless of the model and contextual environment. The ‘number of operations supported’ is the measure that necessitates more consideration, with or without the elimination of environmental factors, irrespective of the DEA model used. Our findings imply that more developed areas with a higher number of ICT specialists tend to have lower use of ERDF funds committed to promoting ICT adoption in SMEs. These findings might be attributable to administrative practices and SMEs’ failure to manage the complicated technicalities involved in submitting and executing European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) project proposals. As a result, it is critical to provide the extra help that reduces managerial requirements while also meeting the demands of SMEs.
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Peter, Beate. "Evaluating Young People’s Voices in Spoken Word Popular Music Projects." In Music for Inclusion and Healing in Schools and Beyond, 315–34. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197692677.003.0017.
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Abstract This chapter is concerned with young people’s voices in spoken word popular music projects. It is argued that for projects that engage young people with and through music, it is important to consider their voice in all its iterations, which includes young people’s artistic voice. Using the concept of voice, this chapter shows how projects need to be designed in a way that captures young people’s voices throughout the project and includes the non-verbal (i.e., musical) dimensions of their voices as forms of communication. Such inclusion necessitates the creation of intersubjective meaning through the negotiation of hierarchies, knowledges, expertise, and agency. As a result of the negotiation process, the role of the researcher can be redefined. By acknowledging the different epistemologies of the project participants, impact beyond the anticipated outcomes can be uncovered. Focusing on participation as an inclusive method, young people should be included in the planning, delivery, and evaluation of projects. Given a certain flexibility and space within projects, unintended outcomes can be identified through and responded to by the young people themselves. This way, impact becomes a phenomenological variable and allows for various forms of data and types of analysis to be used for the evaluation of projects.
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Devecka, Martin. "The Bear Necessities: Thrasyleon, Lucius, and the Status of Skins in The Golden Ass." In Body Technologies in the Greco-Roman World, 89–104. Liverpool University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781802078602.003.0007.
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Chapter 5 by Martin Devecka examines The Golden Ass of Apuleius, a text that problematizes the coherence of bodies in its central plot. This chapter explores Apuleius’ development of that theme in a particularly grim side-plot concerning the thief Thrasyleon, who dresses up as a bear in the service of an elaborate robbery plot only to be eaten by angry dogs. The result of this costuming is a bear that is also a prosthesis. One could imagine this hybrid animal as a way of transcending the human, and these are indeed the expectations with which Thrasyleon enters into the project. The episode ends up contravening those expectations in a way that reveals the deep structures of Apuleius’ thinking about skins, costuming, and identity.
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Davies, Alan, Frances Hooley, Iliada Eleftheriou, Hatim Abdulhussein, and Angela C. Davies. "Applying Co-Design Principles for the Development of Health Education and Workforce Development." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220904.
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The digital transformation of the UK’s healthcare system necessitates the development of digital capabilities across the workforce. This ranges from basic digital literacy through to advanced skills with data and analytic methods. We present two projects that apply co-design to work with end-users and other stakeholders to produce a digital healthcare technologies capability framework aimed at the wider NHS workforce and a post graduate Clinical Data Science course aimed at bridging the gap between clinicians and the data-centric professions (e.g. analysts, data scientists, informaticians) to aid in digital transformation projects.
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Aigbavboa, Clinton, Neo Malose Masemeni, and Wellington Thwala. "Improving Construction Supply Chains through Collaborative Modelling, a case of South Africa." In Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science, 61–75. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0021-6.ch004.
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This chapter report on some of the challenges faced and successes achieved during the construction of the recently completed Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) headquarters in South Africa. Qualitative interviews where conducts with five (5) professionals which were part of the construction supply chain team that completed the DEA project in South Africa. Findings summary were that the South African construction industry exists in a very dynamic and volatile environment with common challenges as evident in other countries. This challenge, necessitates the use of collaborative means of managing the various phases of the supply chain. It was also found that the use of collaborative models such as Public Private Partnership (PPP) can prove rewarding when stakeholders involved in a project have an understanding of the model and its dynamics. This chapter contributes to the use of PPP collaborative models in construction project delivery in South Africa.
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Lutz, Anja, Jörg Sydow, and Udo Staber. "TV Content Production in Media Regions: The Necessities and Difficulties of Public Policy Support for a Project-based Industry." In Cooperation, Networks and Institutions in Regional Innovation Systems, 194–219. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781035304752.00018.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Inc Project necessities"
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Zeiler, Wim, Perica Savanovic, and Rinus van Houten. "Multidisciplinary Master Design Projects Based on Workshops for Professionals." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86295.
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The growing complexity in (Dutch) building practice necessitates developments in other aspects, besides specialized and professional skills. Therefore a new integral approach in building design education has been developed in close cooperation with building design practice. In 2005, the building services chair of the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning of the TU/e commenced a multidisciplinary master project ‘Integral Design’ focused on a sustainable climatic design. In this and the following Multidisciplinary Master projects students of architecture, building technology, structural engineering and building services participated. The students began with a two days learning-by-practice workshop which was implemented and tested in collaboration with experienced professionals from the Royal Institute of Dutch Architects (BNA) and the Dutch Association of Consulting Engineers (ONRI). This is one of the few projects in which the practical experience is transferred into the educational academic program; normally this process functions the other way around. The theoretical basis of the combined education of students and professionals is discussed and results presented. Quite remarkable is that these workshops by themselves have become part of the permanent professional educational program of the BNA.
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Remya, Y. K., Anitha Jacob, and E. A. Subaida. "A Review on Studies Based on Vehicle Stability and Safety on Rural Horizontal Curves." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.62.
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All over the world India bangs the top most position in crash deaths. Nearly 1.2 lakh people die every year on Indian roads. Crashes involving rolloverand lateral skidding are now responsible for almost 1/3 of all highway vehicle occupant fatalities. So, rollovers and skidding are more serious than other types of crashes. One of the major reasons for such incidents is vehicle instability at curves due to its inconsistent geometric design. This necessitates a review on current design guidelines followed in India. Many researchers have pointed out drawbacks of current design approach and a few have identified various influential factors which are significant in curve design to reduce rollover and lateral skidding. When some researchers conducted field studies to measure vehicle stability at selected curves, some carried out computer simulations. There are efforts to incorporate vehicular characteristics in curve design which is much appreciable. This paper aims to project efforts made by researchers to reduce vehicle instability at horizontal curves. Moreover, gaps in these research works and scope for further research are highlighted.
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Joseph, Rita Maria, Alna D. Manjaly, Sreeram Unni, Able E C, and Vinitha Sharon. "Prediction of Groundwater Quality Using Artificial Neural Network." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.26.
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Assessment and prediction of water quality is a vital tool for the management of water resources systems. It is necessitous for human existence, agriculture and industry. This project delves into the prediction of groundwater quality parameters and groundwater quality criterion based on the Artificial Neural Network Modelling with the study area as Kerala, a state of India. Two models were developed. The first model employs the water quality parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness as the input parameters and calcium, magnesium, chloride, fluoride, nitrate concentration as the output parameters. The second model was designed by giving input as, input values and the predicted output values of the first model, and groundwater quality criterion corresponding to each location as the target values. The output qualitative parameters were estimated and compared with the measured values, to evaluate the influence of key input parameters. The number of neurons to be given in the hidden layer was decided by the trial-and-error method. Data of 506 water samples from all over Kerala were collected for modelling.
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Kumar, Ankur, Uma Yadav, Namrata Bansal, and Javalkar Dinesh Kumar. "Sustainable urban illumination: Sensor-Reduced smart street Lightning system." In International Conference on Cutting-Edge Developments in Engineering Technology and Science. ICCDETS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62919/kakj7112.
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The burgeoning demand for sustainable urban development necessitates innovative solutions in urban infrastructure, particularly in the realm of street lighting. This paper introduces a novel sensor-reduced smart street lighting system designed to optimize energy consumption while maintaining safety and comfort in urban environments. Unlike traditional systems that rely heavily on continuous sensor input, our proposed model utilizes a minimal sensor setup coupled with an intelligent algorithm that predicts lighting needs based on historical data and predictive analytics. This approach significantly reduces the system's complexity and cost, making sustainable technology more accessible to municipalities. Through a series of simulations and real-world trials, we demonstrate that our system can achieve up to a 40% reduction in energy usage compared to conventional sensor-based systems without compromising the illumination quality. This research not only highlights the potential of sensor-reduced technologies in urban lighting but also sets a precedent for future sustainable urban infrastructure projects.
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"Sustainable urban illumination: Sensor-Reduced smart street Lightning system." In International Conference on Cutting-Edge Developments in Engineering Technology and Science. ICCDETS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62919/bvnx0821.
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The burgeoning demand for sustainable urban development necessitates innovative solutions in urban infrastructure, particularly in the realm of street lighting. This paper introduces a novel sensor-reduced smart street lighting system designed to optimize energy consumption while maintaining safety and comfort in urban environments. Unlike traditional systems that rely heavily on continuous sensor input, our proposed model utilizes a minimal sensor setup coupled with an intelligent algorithm that predicts lighting needs based on historical data and predictive analytics. This approach significantly reduces the system's complexity and cost, making sustainable technology more accessible to municipalities. Through a series of simulations and real-world trials, we demonstrate that our system can achieve up to a 40% reduction in energy usage compared to conventional sensor-based systems without compromising the illumination quality. This research not only highlights the potential of sensor-reduced technologies in urban lighting but also sets a precedent for future sustainable urban infrastructure projects.
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Koç, Erdem. "Anti-Drug Strategies and the Experience of the Counter Narcotics Department of Türkiye." In Panel on "Effective Drug Control Strategies in Northern Cyprus: Challenges and Opportunities in 2024". Emanate Publishing House Ltd., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.70020/ehass.2024.7.7.
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In recent years the emergence of synthetic drugs called NPS (New Psychoactive Substances) along with the traditional drugs, drug abuse and addiction have become a global problem. To conduct an effective and successful fight against this devastating problem, a common understanding is necessary among all relevant institutions and organizations. Türkiye has significant experience in the fight against drugs due to its geographical location and its multi-dimensional approach. The global nature of this problem necessitates the creation of international ties which are vital to not only access best practises but also to enhance information exchange and create awareness of new challenges. The rapid development of communications and transport has changed the modus operandi of the activities and methods used by criminal drug organizations. The increasing share of illegal drug trafficking in cross-border crimes has led such organizations to cooperate increasingly with similar entities in other countries and regions and even with terrorist organizations enabling drug smuggling rings to procure drugs directly from the production regions and introduce these products directly into the consumer regions. In order to cope with this reality, counter narcotics authorities’ strategies are focused on three aspects; Supply, Prevention and Training. In this context, the paper covers current and emerging threats, new challenges, responses, prevention projects and training activities.
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Wang, Yong-Yi, Jim F. Swatzel, David Horsley, and Alan Glover. "Girth Weld ECA From the Perspective of Code Revisions in North America." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27167.
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In North America there are two primary girth weld ECA (Engineering Critical Assessment) codes: API 1104 Appendix A and CSA Z662 Appendix K. Both codes were developed in the early-to mid-1980’s and thus represent the technology of that time. Significant progress has been made since then in understanding the structural behavior of girth welds containing welding defects. This paper describes an effort funded by the PRCI (Pipeline Research Council International) to establish the technical basis for the revisions of these codes using the knowledge generated since the inception of the codes. The CSA Z662 Appendix K sets defect tolerance using separate fracture and plastic collapse criteria, while API 1104 Appendix A has only a fracture criterion. The worldwide trend in defect assessment is moving towards FAD (Failure Assessment Diagram) based approach, by which both fracture and plastic collapse can be assessed in one consistent format. An FAD-based ECA procedure specifically tailored to girth welds has been developed in a separate PRCI-funded project. This procedure incorporates refined fracture and plastic collapse solutions and the effects of weld strength mismatch. The experimental verification has shown that the procedure is accurate and can become the basis for future code revisions. As an interim step towards the eventual adoption of a fully FAD-based approach, a number of revisions may be made to the API 1104 Appendix A, including (1) adding a plastic collapse criterion; (2) lowering the minimum CTOD requirement of using Appendix A to 0.003 inch (0.076 mm) from the current minimum of 0.005 inch (0.127 mm); (3) setting the allowable defect length as a continuous function of defect depth (height for buried defects); (4) allowing the use of any valid CTOD toughness greater than a set minimum value; (5) revising the notching procedure for HAZ CTOD testing. These recommendations are interdependent. Selectively adopting any of those recommendations may result in undesirable consequences. For instance, lowering minimum CTOD requirements necessitates the revision of allowable defect height. Adding the plastic collapse criterion would almost certainly require the change of defect length allowance of the fracture criterion from the current step function to a continuous relation. It should be made absolutely clear that lowering the minimum CTOD requirements for using Appendix A does not mean inferior weld quality control. It merely allows the assessment of significance of weld defects using the fracture mechanics methodology that has been proven effective. The interim step for the CSA Z662 Appendix K is revising the plastic collapse criterion. These revisions, when implemented, should result in more consistent degree of conservatism than the current codes. In certain cases, the size of the allowable defects is less restrictive than the current codes while maintaining consistent and adequate safety margin. This should translate to cost savings in both new construction and the maintenance of existing pipelines without sacrificing the safety and integrity of the pipelines.
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Balu Nellippallil, Anand, Parker R. Berthelson, Luke Peterson, and Raj K. Prabhu. "Head and Neck Injury Risk Criteria-Based Robust Design for Vehicular Crashworthiness." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22539.
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Abstract Government agencies, globally, often strive to minimize the risk of human death and serious injury on road transport systems. Multi-national projects like Vision Zero have been developed with this objective in mind. Therefore, from an engineering design standpoint, the minimization of these road impact effects on occupants becomes a major design goal. This necessitates a need to quantify and manage injury risks on the human body in terms of different vehicular impact variables and their associated uncertainties for different crash scenarios. In this paper, we present a decision-based robust design framework to quantify and manage the impact-based injury risks on occupants for different computational model-based car crash scenarios. The key functionality offered is the designer’s capability to carry out robust design studies with a focus on managing the selected impact variables and associated uncertainties, such that injury risks are controlled within acceptable levels. The efficacy of the framework is tested for near side impact scenarios with impact velocity and angle of impact as the critical variables of interest. Two injury criteria, namely, Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and Lateral Neck Injury Criteria (Lateral Nij) are selected to quantitatively measure the head and neck injury risks in crash simulations. Using the framework, a robust design problem is formulated to explore the combination of impact variables that best satisfice the injury goals defined. The framework and associated design constructs are generic and support the formulation and decision-based robust design of vehicle impact scenarios for managing injury risks.
Reports on the topic "Inc Project necessities"
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Blackham, Alysia. Addressing Age Discrimination in Employment: a report on the findings of Australian Research Council Project DE170100228. University of Melbourne, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124368.
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This project aimed to research the effectiveness of Australian age discrimination laws. While demographic ageing necessitates extending working lives, few question the effectiveness of Australian age discrimination laws in supporting this ambition. This project drew on mixed methods and comparative UK experiences to offer empirical and theoretical insights into Australian age discrimination law. It sought to create a normative model for legal reform in Australia, to inform public policy and debate and improve responses to demographic ageing, providing economic, health and social benefits.
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Douglas, Thomas, Lauren Bosche, Edith Martinez-Guerra, Caitlin Tibbetts, Orian Welling, Clint Smith, Justine Yu, Kevin Bjella, and John Woods. International Workshop on Cold Regions Defense Infrastructure : 13–15 September 2022, Hanover, New Hampshire. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47422.
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The Inaugural International Workshop on Cold Regions Defense Infrastructure united engineers and scientists of the US Department of Defense with defense representatives from the other nations comprising the International Cooperative Engagement Program for Polar Research (ICE-PPR): Canada, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and New Zealand. Through the ICE-PPR Memorandum of Understanding, Project Arrangements (PAs) enable the seven nations to share measurements, models, and access to research sites and facilities. The goal of the workshop was to work as a coherent team to identify needs and develop PAs for three major topic areas: infrastructure, water/wastewater, and energy. Increasing interest in earth’s polar regions necessitates identifying capabilities and gaps for these critical mission-relevant topic areas.
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Soroker, V., and N. C. Rueppell. acterization of the architecture of hygienic behavior of honeybees to enable breeding for improved honeybee health. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134169.bard.
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High honeybee colony losses in the last decade have raised the scientific efforts to determine and mitigate the causes of declining honeybee health. Although honeybees are exposed to a variety of stressors, infestation by the ectoparasitic mite (Varroa destructor) and the viruses it vectors are considered to be the most significant biological problem of A. mellifera worldwide. Management of viral diseases is problematic and mainly focuses on control of Varroa. Current Varroa control suffers from the evolution mite resistance, negative effects on bees and bee products, and other inefficiencies and impracticalities. This situation necessitates the development of an integrated strategy for Varroa pest management. Breeding honeybee stocks that are resistant to mites is an essential part of any sustainable long-term control of Varroa. We have focused our study on the behavioral trait of worker hygienic behavior that has been described as a social colony defense mechanism against Varroa and some other brood diseases. The main original objectives of our proposal were: 1) Characterize the phenotypic architecture of the hygienic behavior and its cost (age and intensity of uncapping, removal, recapping, higher sensitivity of workers, stronger signaling by the brood, as well as the age of first foraging, longevity, and individual immunity of workers, and colony level of Varroa and viruses); 2) Determine patterns of inheritance of the key aspects of hygienic behavior by phenotyping of multiple crosses over several generations and reciprocal crosses; 3) Identify a robust core marker set for hygienic behavior by comparative transcriptomic analyses and QTL mapping of the hygienic trait; 4) Verify the core marker set in study of the general honeybee population to associate marker genotypes with hygienic performance; 5) Test the colony-level outcomes of introgressing hygienic-selection lines under field conditions into locally adapted populations. During the course of the project, we conducted a number of field experiments in our research apiaries and with beekeepers at different sites in Israel.
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Lers, Amnon, Majid R. Foolad, and Haya Friedman. genetic basis for postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600014.bard.
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ABSTRACT Postharvest losses of fresh produce are estimated globally to be around 30%. Reducing these losses is considered a major solution to ensure global food security. Storage at low temperatures is an efficient practice to prolong postharvest performance of crops with minimal negative impact on produce quality or human health and the environment. However, many fresh produce commodities are susceptible to chilling temperatures, and the application of cold storage is limited as it would cause physiological chilling injury (CI) leading to reduced produce quality. Further, the primary CI becomes a preferred site for pathogens leading to decay and massive produce losses. Thus, chilling sensitive crops should be stored at higher minimal temperatures, which curtails their marketing life and in some cases necessitates the use of other storage strategies. Development of new knowledge about the biological basis for chilling tolerance in fruits and vegetables should allow development of both new varieties more tolerant to cold, and more efficient postharvest storage treatments and storage conditions. In order to improve the agricultural performance of modern crop varieties, including tomato, there is great potential in introgression of marker-defined genomic regions from wild species onto the background of elite breeding lines. To exploit this potential for improving tomato fruit chilling tolerance during postharvest storage, we have used in this research a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the red-fruited tomato wild species SolanumpimpinellifoliumL. accession LA2093 and an advanced Solanum lycopersicumL. tomato breeding line NCEBR-1, developed in the laboratory of the US co-PI. The original specific objectives were: 1) Screening of RIL population resulting from the cross NCEBR1 X LA2093 for fruit chilling response during postharvest storage and estimation of its heritability; 2) Perform a transcriptopmic and bioinformatics analysis for the two parental lines following exposure to chilling storage. During the course of the project, we learned that we could measure greater differences in chilling responses among specific RILs compared to that observed between the two parental lines, and thus we decided not to perform transcriptomic analysis and instead invest our efforts more on characterization of the RILs. Performing the transcriptomic analysis for several RILs, which significantly differ in their chilling tolerance/sensitivity, at a later stage could result with more significant insights. The RIL population, (172 lines), was used in field experiment in which fruits were examined for chilling sensitivity by determining CI severity. Following the field experiments, including 4 harvest days and CI measurements, two extreme tails of the response distribution, each consisting of 11 RILs exhibiting either high sensitivity or tolerance to chilling stress, were identified and were further examined for chilling response in greenhouse experiments. Across the RILs, we found significant (P < 0.01) correlation between field and greenhouse grown plants in fruit CI. Two groups of 5 RILs, whose fruits exhibited reproducible chilling tolerant/sensitive phenotypes in both field and greenhouse experiments, were selected for further analyses. Numerous genetic, physiological, biochemical and molecular variations were investigated in response to postharvest chilling stress in the selected RILs. We confirmed the differential response of the parental lines of the RIL population to chilling stress, and examined the extent of variation in the RIL population in response to chilling treatment. We determined parameters which would be useful for further characterization of chilling response in the RIL population. These included chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, water loss, total non-enzymatic potential of antioxidant activity, ascorbate and proline content, and expression of LeCBF1 gene, known to be associated with cold acclimation. These parameters could be used in continuation studies for the identification and genetic mapping of loci contributing to chilling tolerance in this population, and identifying genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance in tomato. Once genetic markers associated with chilling tolerance are identified, the trait could be transferred to different genetic background via marker-assisted selection (MAS) and breeding. The collaborative research established in this program has resulted in new information and insights in this area of research and the collaboration will be continued to obtain further insights into the genetic, molecular biology and physiology of postharvest chilling tolerance in tomato fruit. The US Co-PI, developed the RIL population that was used for screening and measurement of the relevant chilling stress responses and conducted statistical analyses of the data. Because we were not able to grow the RIL population under field conditions in two successive generations, we could not estimate heritability of response to chilling temperatures. However, we plan to continue the research, grow the RIL progeny in the field again, and determine heritability of chilling tolerance in a near future. The IS and US investigators interacted regularly and plan to continue and expand on this study, since combing the expertise of the Co-PI in genetics and breeding with that of the PI in postharvest physiology and molecular biology will have great impact on this line of research, given the significant findings of this one-year feasibility project.
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Epel, Bernard L., Roger N. Beachy, A. Katz, G. Kotlinzky, M. Erlanger, A. Yahalom, M. Erlanger, and J. Szecsi. Isolation and Characterization of Plasmodesmata Components by Association with Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Proteins Fused with the Green Fluorescent Protein from Aequorea victoria. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573996.bard.
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The coordination and regulation of growth and development in multicellular organisms is dependent, in part, on the controlled short and long-distance transport of signaling molecule: In plants, symplastic communication is provided by trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels termed plasmodesmata (Pd). Plant viruses spread cell-to-cell by altering Pd. This movement scenario necessitates a targeting mechanism that delivers the virus to a Pd and a transport mechanism to move the virion or viral nucleic acid through the Pd channel. The identity of host proteins with which MP interacts, the mechanism of the targeting of the MP to the Pd and biochemical information on how Pd are alter are questions which have been dealt with during this BARD project. The research objectives of the two labs were to continue their biochemical, cellular and molecular studies of Pd composition and function by employing infectious modified clones of TMV in which MP is fused with GFP. We examined Pd composition, and studied the intra- and intercellular targeting mechanism of MP during the infection cycle. Most of the goals we set for ourselves were met. The Israeli PI and collaborators (Oparka et al., 1999) demonstrated that Pd permeability is under developmental control, that Pd in sink tissues indiscriminately traffic proteins of sizes of up to 50 kDa and that during the sink to source transition there is a substantial decrease in Pd permeability. It was shown that companion cells in source phloem tissue export proteins which traffic in phloem and which unload in sink tissue and move cell to cell. The TAU group employing MP:GFP as a fluorescence probe for optimized the procedure for Pd isolation. At least two proteins kinases found to be associated with Pd isolated from source leaves of N. benthamiana, one being a calcium dependent protein kinase. A number of proteins were microsequenced and identified. Polyclonal antibodies were generated against proteins in a purified Pd fraction. A T-7 phage display library was created and used to "biopan" for Pd genes using these antibodies. Selected isolates are being sequenced. The TAU group also examined whether the subcellular targeting of MP:GFP was dependent on processes that occurred only in the presence of the virus or whether targeting was a property indigenous to MP. Mutant non-functional movement proteins were also employed to study partial reactions. Subcellular targeting and movement were shown to be properties indigenous to MP and that these processes do not require other viral elements. The data also suggest post-translational modification of MP is required before the MP can move cell to cell. The USA group monitored the development of the infection and local movement of TMV in N. benthamiana, using viral constructs expressing GFP either fused to the MP of TMV or expressing GFP as a free protein. The fusion protein and/or the free GFP were expressed from either the movement protein subgenomic promoter or from the subgenomic promoter of the coat protein. Observations supported the hypothesis that expression from the cp sgp is regulated differently than expression from the mp sgp (Szecsi et al., 1999). Using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, it was determined that paired wall-appressed bodies behind the leading edge of the fluorescent ring induced by TMV-(mp)-MP:GFP contain MP:GFP and the viral replicase. These data suggest that viral spread may be a consequence of the replication process. Observation point out that expression of proteins from the mp sgp is temporary regulated, and degradation of the proteins occurs rapidly or more slowly, depending on protein stability. It is suggested that the MP contains an external degradation signal that contributes to rapid degradation of the protein even if expressed from the constitutive cp sgp. Experiments conducted to determine whether the degradation of GFP and MP:GFP was regulated at the protein or RNA level, indicated that regulation was at the protein level. RNA accumulation in infected protoplast was not always in correlation with protein accumulation, indicating that other mechanisms together with RNA production determine the final intensity and stability of the fluorescent proteins.