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Yoo, Yejin, and Seong-sig Kim. "Strategic Analysis for Governance Development of National Spatial Data Infrastructure Portal in Korea." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100654.
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The Korean government released the National Spatial Data Infrastructure Portal (NSDIP) by integrating the spatial information possessed by 205 agencies to implement governance through the portal. In this study, four evaluation criteria groups (disclosure, participation, civil petition service, and website usability) were established through a literature review related to governance and government portals. After evaluation based on the four evaluation criteria, governance improvement measures were suggested. As an improvement measure, in terms of information disclosure, it was necessary to manage the quality of data update cycle, accuracy, metadata, etc., and to provide customized spatial information. In the stakeholder participation section, feedback from users is reflected in policies, and activation of participation spaces through education and exhibitions is required. In terms of civil petition service, it is necessary to introduce an incentive system to improve innovative services and to prepare measures to prevent infringement of security and privacy in the civil petition process. In website usability, it is necessary to prepare an improvement plan by introducing user-friendly interface design using GIS viewer, and statistics and GIS spatial analysis functions. The improvement plan by the evaluation criteria is expected to be the direction to implement inclusive portal governance.
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Joshi, Beena N., Bhushan A. Girase, Ragini N. Kulkarni, and Shahina Begum. "Status of family planning service delivery for people living with HIV at public hospital settings in Maharashtra: opportunities and challenges." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 7 (June 23, 2017): 2463. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203//2394-6040.ijcmph20172841.
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Background: HIV testing and treatment of seropositive pregnant mothers is a much focused and efficiently managed programme as part of convergence plan between National AIDS Control Program and Reproductive and Child Health services under National Health Mission. This paper aims to depict the level of convergence that exists for another most important reproductive health service namely family planning (FP) for PLHIV at public healthcare settings in Maharashtra. Methods: Participatory observations of HIV, FP and STI facilities and key informant interviews of providers at these facilities located in selected secondary (two district hospitals) and tertiary (two teaching hospitals) public hospitals in Maharashtra were conducted as part of larger intervention study. Results: Insufficient health workforce with inadequate knowledge about PLHIV’s eligibility for contraception and discriminated service delivery (25%) was prominent. Only half (50%) key informants were conversant about FP counseling to PLHIV. One-fourth (27%) informants presumed contraceptives as either harmful or contraindicated to PLHIVs. Indenting and supply of FP commodities was extremely inopportune and irregular. More than half of the respondents highlighted many constraints such as no guidelines on convergence, lack of appropriate counseling skills; low staff motivation; inadequate IEC material on dual protection; lack of FP indicators in MIS; over-occupied staff hours; and inadequate M&E for HIV-FP linkages. Conclusions: Despite challenges, sensitizing and training health workforce to eliminate stigma discrimination; reduce delay in service delivery; and improving monitoring of inter-sectoral convergence activities are needed to improve access to reproductive health services for PLHIVs.
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McNamara, Kelsey, and Ellen Rudy. "THE RISE OF LONELINESS: TRENDS AMONG A LARGE MEDICARE ADVANTAGE COHORT OVER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2923.
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Abstract Loneliness is an established risk factor for premature mortality, especially among older adults. National trends are indicating an increase in loneliness after the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to explore annual trends in loneliness and quality of life among a large dataset of Medicare Advantage (MA) members. Papa Inc. is a national service that pairs older adults with “Papa Pals” who provide companionship and assistance with everyday tasks. Participants have free access if their health plan offers it. Analysis included members from MA plans that were active with Papa January 2020 through March 2022. Members (n=11,037) were assessed at enrollment screening (UCLA Three-Item Loneliness Scale, CDC’s Healthy Days Measure). Analysis used Chi-square tests, significance set at p < 0.05. Among the sample, 81% were aged 65+, 14% were from a majority non-white community. Analysis revealed the following trends in annual prevalence rates (2020; 2021; 2022): lonely (43.2%; 39.3%; 40.9%), severely lonely (9.2%; 12.1%; 15.1%), 14+ physically unhealthy days (24.3%; 19.9%; 39.3%). In regression analysis, loneliness score increased by 0.05 (95CI: 0.02 - 0.07) per quarter over the 27 months. Our data mimics other sources highlighting a slow and steady increase in loneliness suggesting older adults’ hesitancy to engage in “normal activities.” Changes in unhealthy days follow COVID-19 trends with a significant increase during the height of the Omicron variant. The prolonged effects of isolation and loneliness are profound, thus greater emphasis should be placed on population level interventions, especially those connected to the healthcare system, to help address loneliness.
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Rudy, Ellen, Kelsey McNamara, Rajiv Patel, and Corey Sturm. "A Virtual Companionship Intervention Reduces Loneliness During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3456.
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Abstract Loneliness and social isolation are established risk factors for many clinical conditions yet few scalable interventions exist. Papa Inc. is a national service that pairs older adults with “Papa Pals” (empathetic, laypeople) who provide companionship and assistance with everyday tasks. Participants have free access if their Medicare Advantage plan offers it. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Papa provided virtual companionship visits via telephone or video. This study evaluated the impact of virtual companionship visits on loneliness status (UCLA 3-item Loneliness Scale) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample (N=894) included adults ages 65+ who identified as lonely at baseline and who completed at least one virtual visit between March 18, 2020 and December 31, 2020. Virtual visits were classified into four categories based on participants’ total number of visit minutes: Low (124 ave min), Medium Low (ML) (305 ave min), Medium High (MH) (567 ave min), and High (1360 ave min). Lonely and severely lonely participants engaged a mean of 573 and 673 minutes in the program, respectively. Improvement in loneliness status was associated with greater use of minutes for the ML and MH participants compared to Low participants (ML OR: 1.46 95CI: 1.00 - 2.11, MH OR 1.65 95CI: 1.13 - 2.40). These findings indicate that a virtual companionship intervention can be an impactful and scalable tool for older adults who want to age at home and have limited social support, especially during the uncertain COVID landscape. Further research is warranted to understand persistent loneliness.
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McNamara, Kelsey, and Ellen Rudy. "COMPANIONSHIP TO ADDRESS QUALITY OF LIFE AND LONELINESS AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH SEVERE LONELINESS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2609.
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Abstract Research indicates that loneliness is a powerful predictor of premature mortality. Less is known about those who experience “severe loneliness” and their responsiveness to companionship as a means to clinically improve. We sought to understand the epidemiology of a cohort of lonely older adults and the impact of companion care on severe loneliness and quality of life. Companion care was provided through Papa Inc., a national service that pairs older adults with “Papa Pals” who provide companionship and assistance with everyday tasks. Participants have free access if their Medicare Advantage plan offers it. The sample included adults ages 65+, active in Papa in 2021, and provided follow-up data (UCLA-3 Loneliness Scale; CDC's Healthy Days Measures) as of September 2021. Analysis utilized t-tests and Chi-square tests with significance set at p< 0.05. A total of 2650 participants were identified as lonely at baseline, 435 were successfully contacted to collect complete follow-up data. Of the follow-up cohort, 22% were classified as severely lonely at baseline reporting mean UCLA score of 8, and 15 mentally and 14 physically unhealthy days on average. Of those severely lonely, 62% were female, 11% were ages 85+. Sixty percent of severely lonely participants experienced clinical improvements and moved to a lower category of loneliness (mean change in UCLA: –3.37) and reduced their unhealthy days (–6.20 mental; –2.09 physical). This real-world evidence suggests a companionship program can improve loneliness and quality of life among severely lonely older adults. Earlier interventions to prevent chronic loneliness should be explored.
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Joseph, George J., Dominick Latremouille-Viau, Vikash Kumar Sharma, Patrick Gagnon-Sanschagrin, Menaka Bhor, Ankur Khare, Mukesh Kumar Singh, et al. "Vaso-Occlusive Crises and Costs of Sickle Cell Disease from a Commercial Payer's Perspective." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 3464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-124920.
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Background: Episodes of acute pain caused by vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) are a frequent and debilitating complication associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) and represent the most common cause for emergency room (ER) visits and inpatient (IP) stays. VOCs are due to a complex pathophysiology including multicellular adhesion. The purpose of this study was to characterize VOCs and assess the costs of SCD for patients with commercial insurance using an Excel-based model. Methods: Patients with SCD aged ≥16 years were identified in the IBM Truven MarketScan commercial databases (01/01/2000-06/30/2018). The index date was randomly selected among potential calendar dates to have ≥12 months of continuous health plan enrollment before (pre-index period) and after (follow-up period) that date. Patients with Medicare Supplemental coverage or stem cell transplant (SCT) were excluded. Data were analyzed at the state level for 23 key states with the highest concentration of patients with SCD and at the national level to be incorporated into an Excel-based model. The key variables in the model were age, gender, state of residence, and SCD clinical characteristics measured during the 12-month pre-index period. The following model inputs were assessed during the subsequent 12-month follow-up period: number, type, and setting (i.e., IP, ER, or outpatient [OP]) of VOC episodes; and total all-cause and SCD-related healthcare costs. Costs were reported in 2018 USD from a payer's perspective. We defined a VOC episode requiring medical services in claims data as follows: medical service claims with a VOC-related diagnosis occurring within 3 days of each other, IP re-admission within 14 days of a previous IP stay (both with VOC-related diagnoses), or any follow-up medical services with VOC-related diagnoses in the 7 days following an initial VOC diagnosis. A complicated VOC type was defined as a VOC episode with a diagnosis of priapism, splenic sequestration, acute hepatic sequestration, or acute chest syndrome. Variables were stratified by annual number of VOCs (i.e., 0, 1, ≥2 VOCs) and medical service setting (i.e., IP, ER, or OP). Results: A total of 16,092 commercially-insured patients with SCD from all US states were included in this study: mean age was 36.7 years, and 61.4% were females. In total, 27.7% had Hb-SS, 23.4% Hb-SC, 25.8% Hb-thalassemia, and 23.1% had an unspecified SCD type. The five states that contributed the highest number of patients with SCD were New York (n=1,711; 10.6%), Texas (n=1,593; 9.9%), Florida (n=1,397; 8.7%), Georgia (n=1,382; 8.6%), and California (n=966; 6.0%). In a given year, 64.7% of patients did not have any VOC episodes, 14.0% had only 1 VOC, and 21.2% had ≥2 VOCs (10.1% had ≥4 VOCs). Among patients with ≥1 VOC, the mean number of VOC episode was 3.3 (7.3% were complicated VOCs); among those with ≥2 VOCs, this figure was 4.8 (6.9% were complicated VOCs). The model showed that VOC episodes were distributed as follows: 37.4% in an IP setting, 26.4% in an ER, and 36.2% in an OP setting (Figure 1). The mean duration of a VOC episode was 11.7 days in an IP setting, 2.3 days in an ER setting, and 1.9 days in an OP setting (Figure 2). Total annual all-cause healthcare costs for patients with 0, 1, and ≥2 VOCs were $15,747, $27,194, and $64,555, respectively (Figure 3). Total annual SCD-related healthcare costs for patients with 0, 1, and ≥2 VOCs were $8,885, $21,323, and $60,624, respectively, representing 56.4%, 78.4%, and 93.9% of total annual all-cause healthcare costs, respectively (Figure 3). Conclusions: Among commercially-insured patients with SCD in the US, over one-third of patients experienced VOCs. The model showed that the contribution of SCD-related costs to annual total healthcare costs increases with the number of VOCs per year. Disclosures Joseph: Amgen: Equity Ownership; Novartis: Employment, Equity Ownership; Pfizer: Equity Ownership; Cigna: Equity Ownership. Latremouille-Viau:Novartis: Other: I am an employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which provided paid consulting services to Novartis for the conduct of this study. Sharma:NOVARTIS HEALTHCARE PVT. LTD.: Employment. Gagnon-Sanschagrin:Novartis: Other: I am an employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which provided paid consulting services to Novartis for the conduct of this study. Bhor:Novartis: Employment, Equity Ownership. Khare:HEALTHCARE PVT. LTD.: Employment. Singh:NOVARTIS HEALTHCARE PVT. LTD.: Employment. Serra:Novartis: Other: I am an employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which provided paid consulting services to Novartis for the conduct of this study. Davidson:Novartis: Other: I am an employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which provided paid consulting services to Novartis for the conduct of this study. Guerin:Novartis: Other: I am an employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which provided paid consulting services to Novartis for the conduct of this study. Shah:GBT: Research Funding; Alexion: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.
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Al-Khudairy, Lena, Abimbola Ayorinde, Iman Ghosh, Amy Grove, Jenny Harlock, Edward Meehan, Adam Briggs, Rachel Court, and Aileen Clarke. "Evidence and methods required to evaluate the impact for patients who use social prescribing: a rapid systematic review and qualitative interviews." Health and Social Care Delivery Research 10, no. 29 (September 2022): 1–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/rmjh0230.
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Background Social prescribing encourages health-care and other professionals to refer patients to a link worker, who will develop a personalised plan to improve the patient’s health and well-being. We explore the feasibility of evaluating the service. Objective The objective was to answer the following research questions. (1) What are the most important evaluation questions that an impact study could investigate? (2) What data are already available at a local or national level and what else would be needed? (3) Are there sites delivering at a large enough scale and in a position to take part in an impact study? (4) How could the known challenges to evaluation (e.g. information governance and identifying a control group) be addressed? Data sources Data sources included MEDLINE ALL (via Ovid), searched from inception to 14 February 2019, and the first 100 hits of a Google (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) search. Review methods Rapid systematic review – electronic searches up to February 2019. Studies included any study design or outcomes. Screening was conducted by one reviewer; eligibility assessment and data extraction were undertaken by two reviewers. Data were synthesised narratively. Qualitative interviews – data from 25 participants in different regions of England were analysed using a pragmatic framework approach across 12 areas including prior data collection, delivery sites, scale and processes of current service delivery, and known challenges to evaluation. Views of key stakeholders (i.e. patients and academics) were captured. Results Rapid systematic review – 27 out of 124 studies were included. We identified outcomes and highlighted research challenges. Important evaluation questions included identification of the most appropriate (1) outcomes and (2) methods for dealing with heterogeneity. Qualitative interviews – social prescribing programmes are holistic in nature, covering domains such as social isolation and finance. Service provision is heterogeneous. The follow-on services that patients access are often underfunded or short term. Available data – there was significant heterogeneity in data availability, format and follow-up. Data were collected using a range of tools in ad hoc databases across sites. Non-attendance data were frequently not captured. Service users are more deprived and vulnerable than the overall practice population. Feasibility and potential limitations of an evaluation – current data collection is limited in determining the effectiveness of the link worker social prescribing model; therefore, uniform data collection across sites is needed. Standardised outcomes and process measures are required. Cost–utility analysis could provide comparative values for assessment alongside other NHS interventions. Limitations This was a rapid systematic review that did not include a systematic quality assessment of studies. COVID-19 had an impact on the shape of the service. We were not able to examine the potential causal mechanisms in any detail. Conclusions We describe possible future research approaches to determine effectiveness and cost-effectiveness evaluations; all are limited in their application. (1) Evaluation using currently available, routinely collected health-care, costing and outcomes data. (2) Evaluative mixed-methods research to capture the complexity of social prescribing through understanding heterogeneous service delivery across comparative settings. Cost-effectiveness evaluation using routinely available costing and outcomes data to supplement qualitative data. (3) Interventional evaluative research, such as a cluster randomised controlled trial focused on the link worker model. Cost-effectiveness data collected as part of the trial. Future work Mature data are currently not available. There needs to be an agreement across schemes on the key outcomes that need to be measured, harmonisation of data collection, and follow-up referrals (how and when). Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health and Social Care Delivery Research; Vol. 10, No. 29. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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DeShazer, Charles, Oralia Dominic, Caesar DeLeo, and Rhonda Johnson. "Impact of a Health System's Three-Pronged Strategy to Address the Opioid Epidemic in DE, PA, and WV, 2013-2017." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010152.
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Background: In the past two decades, from 1999-2017, more than 700,000 people have died from a drug overdose in the United States. In 2017, more than 68% of the drug overdose deaths involved an opioid, and the opioid death rate was six times higher than in 1999. Although treatable, opioid addiction has significant health consequences; and evidence-based, data-driven models addressing these opioid-related factors remain sparse. Objectives: To help stem this epidemic, Highmark Inc., a national health plan as well as the second largest integrated delivery and financing system in America, developed, implemented and evaluated a series of quality management-focused opioid interventions utilizing a three-pronged public health approach. We focused on more effectively managing pain to reduce the need for opioids (primary prevention); when needed, prescribing opioids according to safe prescribing guidelines (secondary prevention); and for those with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), ensuring access to effective treatment to reduce morbidity/mortality (tertiary prevention) for our members. Methods: We deployed a series of evidence-based and data-driven interventions utilizing clinical guidelines, integrated and coordinated infrastructures, and community-based participatory research frameworks within our service areas of Delaware, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. We examined medical and pharmacy claims for combined data years 2013-2017 by age, product (commercial, diagnosis with OUD), total Opioid prescription (RX) fill rate (per 1,000 members), opioid use by dose (dosage level by Morphine Milligram Equivalents), opioid use by duration (number days of opioid use), rate per 1,000 members diagnosed with OUD, and geography. Results: Improvements in total Opioid RX fills, opioid use by dose and duration for members diagnosed with OUD. Over these years, a decrease of 19% of total Opioid RX fills; shorter durations and the majority of these members switched to 7 days or less of opioid use; and a reduction by 13 percentage point of the number of members on higher strength 20+ MMEs opioids resulted. Conclusion: These findings may help inform nationwide opioid-focused efforts and set priorities.
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Delaney, M. A., E. J. Sikora, D. P. Delaney, M. E. Palm, J. Roscoe, J. S. Haudenshield, and G. L. Hartman. "First Report of Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Pachyrhizus erosus in the United States." Plant Disease 95, no. 8 (August 2011): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-10-0483.
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Soybean rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, was detected on jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urban) for the first time in the United States in November 2009. The pathogen was observed on leaves of a single, potted jicama plant grown outdoors in a residential area and on leaves of all plants in a 12-m2 demonstration plot located at the Auburn University Teaching Garden in Auburn, AL. Symptoms on the upper leaf surfaces were isolated chlorotic areas near the leaf edges in the lower part of the canopy. The abaxial surface was first observed to exhibit brown lesions and subsequently produced volcano-shaped uredinia. These symptoms are consistent with a rust previously described on jicama in Mexico (1). Representative symptomatic plant tissue was sent to the USDA National Identification Services (Mycology) Laboratory in Beltsville, MD for diagnostic confirmation at both the Urbana, IL lab and the USDA National Plant Germplasm and Biotechnology Laboratory for DNA testing. From an infected leaf, samples of approximately 5 mm2 were excised from a microscopically observed rust lesion and an apparently noninfected area. Total DNA was purified with the FastDNA Spin Kit (MP Biomedicals, Solon, OH) followed by the E.Z.N.A. MicroElute DNA Clean-Up Kit (Omega Bio-tek, Inc, Doraville, GA) per manufacturer's instructions. Detection of P. pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae DNA was achieved by quantitative PCR using the method of Frederick et al. (2) and a DNA standard of previously prepared P. pachyrhizi spores. The observed rust pustule was found to contain P. pachyrhizi DNA in excess of 28,000 genomes, while no P. pachyrhizi DNA was observed from the asymptomatic sample. Both samples were negative for P. meibomiae. The fungal structures present were confirmed to be Phakopsora spp. DNA was extracted from sori aseptically removed from leaves with a Qiagen (Valencia, CA) DNeasy Plant Mini Kit and amplified with primers Ppa1 and NL4. The resulting partial ITS2 and 28S ribosomal RNA sequences were 100% identical to GenBank entry DQ354537 P. pachyrhizi internal transcribed spacer 2 and 28S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence. Sequences from jicama from Alabama were deposited in GenBank. Voucher specimens were deposited in the USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Fungus Collection (BPI). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the disease on jicama in the United States. References: (1) A. Cárcamo Rodriguez et al. Plant Dis. 90:1260, 2006. (2) R. D. Frederick et al. Phytopathology 92:217, 2002.
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Antara, Made, Arifuddin Lamusa, Effendy Effendy, Muhardi Muhardi, and Andarias Pagalla. "Factors influencing success of the cocoa (Theobroma cacao) product certification program in tropical areas." February 2023, no. 17(02):2023 (February 2, 2023): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.02.p3689.
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Cocoa is one of the leading national commodities after rubber, palm oil, coffee, and tea. Cocoa has a significant impact on the economy in Central Sulawesi, especially in terms of creating new jobs and sources of income for farmers. The decline in cocoa productivity and quality will affect farmers' income in rural areas. In recent years, several cocoa industry and cocoa trading companies such as Mars Inc., Mondelez International, Cargill, Barry Callebout, and JB Cocoa have begun to focus on developing product certification programs for selling by allocating several CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) funds to conduct training and technical assistance in cultivation (pruning, fertilizing, frequent harvesting and sanitation) for cocoa. Therefore, several socializing requirements or compliance standards must be met by farmers who are members of the certification program, namely the CoC (Code of Conduct) established by certification bodies such as UTZ. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the success of the cocoa certification program in Central Sulawesi. 80 families were chosen as number of samples. A logistic regression model was used to answer the research objectives. The results showed that the land area, farmer's age, level/year of farmer's education had very small influence on the success of the certification program in Central Sulawesi. The linkage of debt with traders considerably influences the success of product certification programs. Cocoa production, income factors, traders' domicile, and merchant service patterns have a significant influence on the success of the certification program
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Romanus, Dorothy, Brian Seal, Mehul Jhaveri, Richard Labotka, and Henry Henk. "Healthcare Resource Use and Costs Among Patients (pts) with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM)." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 4516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4516.4516.
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Abstract Background Few studies have assessed HRU and costs in RRMM. A prior study reported 1-yr total healthcare costs of $113,000 (2013 US $) among non-transplant patients with newly diagnosed MM (DaCosta Byfield ASCO 2015). Real-world data on economic burden in the era of new MM therapeutic options could provide insight for directing efficient resource utilization. We examined HRU and costs associated with second-line therapy (SLT) in RRMM. Methods We identified adult pts with MM between Jan 2008 and Feb 2014 in a large, national, healthcare claims database of commercially insured and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries. Newly diagnosed pts were followed from first claim for MM (+12-mo wash out period). Pts with continuous enrollment from 12 mos pre-diagnosis through 12 mos post-initiation of SLT for RRMM were included (including pts who died within 12 mos post SLT start). Those with a claim for transplants were excluded. Front-line therapy (FLT) began with the first claim for MM-directed systemic cancer therapy. Unique agents administered within 90 d of FLT initiation constituted a regimen. Continuation of FLT regimen (or part thereof) or monotherapy within 3 mos of the end of the initial regimen was considered part of FLT. SLT after first relapse for RRMM was identified accordingly: 1) a treatment gap >6 mos between end of FLT and start of a 2nd regimen (retreatment or switch), 2) start of a follow-up regimen (retreatment) with treatment gap >3 and ≤6 mos after end of FLT, or 3) a switch to another drug combination after FLT. The first claim for SLT was the index date. Healthcare costs and HRU were determined for the 1-yr period following SLT start. Healthcare costs were calculated as total reimbursed amount to the provider paid by the health plan, the pt, and other payers, including treatment with subsequent lines of therapy if falling within the 1-yr period. Drug and drug-administration costs were captured from a) all pharmacy claims for MM-directed systemic therapy, and b) medical claims with CPT codes indicating chemotherapy drug administration if, on the same date of service, there was a claim with a HCPCS for any drug of interest. Results We identified 160 of 249 pts receiving SLT. The majority (55%) were female, 72% were aged ≥65 yrs, 10% received triplet SLT, and 53% were enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan. Most common SLT regimens were bortezomib- (39%) or lenalidomide-based (38%) (Table 1). RRMM pts averaged 58 ambulatory visits and 1.2 hospitalizations in the yr following start of SLT, with 5.1 ICU and 7.9 non-ICU days. Mean 1-yr healthcare costs were $123,922 with 59% of total costs attributable to non-drug costs (mean: $72,718; Table 2). Conclusions The healthcare and economic burden of illness among pts with RRMM receiving SLT is substantial. The main cost driver in RRMM was non-drug related. While this research did not examine indirect costs, rates of ambulatory visits and hospitalization days occurring within 1 yr of the start of SLT were high and likely correlated with indirect costs to both the pt and caregiver. New treatment options with a more favorable side-effect and efficacy profile may mitigate this burden. At study completion, a statistical analysis will be conducted to assess the determinants and drivers of economic burden in RRMM. Table 1. RRMM pt Characteristics and SLT patterns Total (N=160)n (%)* Died during 1-yr following start of SLT 36 (22.5) Age, yrs <65 45 (28.1) 65-74 45 (28.1) ≥75 70 (43.8) Male 72 (45) Insurance type Commercial 76 (47.5) Medicare Advantage 84 (52.5) SLT regimens Bortezomib-based 62 (38.8) IMiD-based 60 (37.5) Bortezomib + IMiD 3 (1.9) Other† 35 (21.9) Start of a new regimen within 1 yr (3rd line) 68 (42.5) *unless otherwise noted †including cyclophosphamide, melphalan, vincristine, doxorubicin, interferon-alpha, pomalidomide, thalidomide, carfilzomib, dexamethasone, prednisone ‡among non-censored pts Table 2. Healthcare costs and encounters among pts with RRMM after initiation of SLT 1-yr healthcare costs (2014 US$) Mean (SD)(N=160) Total 123,922 (114,052) Drug 51,204 (40,997) Non-drug 72,718 (102,169) Total 123,922 (114,052) During SLT 81,590 (90,151) After 3rd Line initiation* 33,573 (64,832) SLT end to start of 3rd Line 8,759 (28,046) Healthcare encounters per pt Ambulatory visits 58.5 (32.6) ER visits 1.7 (2.2) Hospitalizations 1.2 (1.7) Inpatient length of stay, days 13.0 (26.6) Non-ICU 7.9 (21) ICU 5.1 (12.7) *censored at 12 mos after SLT initiation Disclosures Romanus: Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited: Employment. Seal:Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited: Employment. Jhaveri:Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited: Employment; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited: Equity Ownership; Sanofi: Equity Ownership. Labotka:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited: Employment. Henk:Optum (a consulting firm retained by Takeda to conduct the reasearch pertaining to this abstract): Employment.
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Langat, Agnes, Tegan Callahan, Isabella Yonga, Boniface Ochanda, Anthony Waruru, Lucy Ng'anga, Abraham Katana, et al. "Associations of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors with Late Presentation for Early Infant HIV Diagnosis (EID) Services in Kenya." International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA) 10, no. 2 (December 13, 2021): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.537.
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Background: Understanding the missed opportunities in early infant HIV testing within the PMTCT program is essential to address any gaps. The study set out to describe the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of the infants presenting late for early infant diagnosis in Kenya. Methods: We abstracted routinely collected clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, in a cross-sectional study, on all HIV-infected infants with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test from 1,346 President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) supported health facilities for the period October 2016 to September 2018. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine the association of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with late (>2 months after birth) presentation for infant HIV testing. Results: Of the 4,011 HIV-infected infants identified, the median infant age at HIV diagnosis was 3 months [interquartile range (IQR), 1-16 months], and two-thirds [2,669 (66.5%)] presented late for infant HIV testing. Factors that were associated with late presentation for infant testing were: maternal ANC non-attendance, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.41 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18 -1.69); new maternal HIV diagnosis, aOR 1.45, (95%CI 1.24 -1.7); and lack of maternal antiretroviral therapy(ART), aOR 1.94, (95% CI 1.64 - 2.30). There was a high likelihood of identifying HIV-infected infants among infants who presented for medical services in the outpatient setting (aOR 18.9; 95% CI 10.2 - 34.9) and inpatient setting (aOR 12.2; 95% CI 6.23-23.9) compared to the infants who presented late in maternity. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Gaps in early infant HIV testing suggest the need to increase maternal pre-pregnancy HIV diagnosis, timely antenatal care, early infant diagnosis services, early identification of mothers who seroconvert during pregnancy or breastfeeding and improved HIV screening in outpatient and inpatient settings. Early referral from the community and access to health facilities should be strengthened by the implementation of national PMTCT guidelines. Copyright © 2021 Langat et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
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Korus, K. A., A. D. Timmerman, R. D. French-Monar, and T. A. Jackson. "First Report of Goss's Bacterial Wilt and Leaf Blight (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis) of Corn in Texas." Plant Disease 95, no. 1 (January 2011): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-10-0541.
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In September 2009, the University of Nebraska–Lincoln Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic received leaf samples of hybrid corn (Zea mays L.) displaying long, necrotic lesions with wavy margins. The lesions had discontinuous water-soaked spots that are indicative of Goss's bacterial wilt and leaf blight. The symptomatic leaves were submitted from Dallam County, located in the Texas Panhandle (northwest Texas). According to the USDA Farm Service Agency and the National Agricultural Statistics Service, in 2009 Dallam County had 54,025 ha planted to corn. This is approximately 19% of the total corn planted in the 26 counties in the Texas Panhandle and 6% of the total corn planted in the state of Texas. Extracts from the infected leaf tissue tested positive for Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis with a commercially available ELISA test (Neogen Inc., Scotland, UK). Isolation from the infected tissue onto CNS selective media (1) resulted in round, dark orange, mucoid colonies that tested gram positive with the Gram-stain test. BLAST nucleotide sequence alignments of the amplified 500-bp 16S rRNA region of the suspect culture's genome (2) revealed a 96% similarity for C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (NCBI BLAST Accession No. U09381.1). To fulfill Koch's postulates, three sweet corn plants (Golden Cross Bantam) at growth stage V3 to V4 were inoculated in the greenhouse with a suspension of approximately 1 × 109 CFU/ml from suspect cultures grown on CNS for 5 days. Wounds approximately 6.5 cm long were created with sterile scissors on the fifth leaf from the bottom running parallel to the veins on either side of the midrib at the leaf apex. The leaf apex was dipped into 150 ml of the inoculum suspension for 5 s. Approximately 6 days after inoculation, discontinuous, water-soaked spots consistent with the symptoms on the original symptomatic leaves appeared on all the inoculated leaves near the site of infection. Colonies consistent with C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis (dark orange, mucoid) were reisolated onto CNS, completing Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Goss's bacterial wilt and leaf blight on corn in Texas and because it is a residue-borne pathogen, the probability of it becoming a resident disease is relatively high. References: (1) D. C. Gross and A. K. Vidaver. Phytopathology 69:82, 1979. (2) X. Li and S. H. De Boer. 1995. Phytopathology 85:837, 1995.
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Scharf, Adria L. "Case study: Central States Manufacturing, Inc." Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership 4, no. 2 (November 11, 2021): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpeo-09-2021-0012.
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PurposeThis case study examines employee share ownership at Central States Manufacturing, where the employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) shares stunning sums of wealth with employees. Central States designs its ESOP to allow participants to access a portion of their ownership wealth while they are still employed at the company, through hardship and in-service withdrawals. This may make the “wealth benefit” of employee ownership more meaningful to lower-wage workers navigating economic challenges. The case study adds to the discussion about how employee ownership can benefit low- and moderate-wage workers and close the wealth gap.Design/methodology/approachData were collected via: (1) published accounts, (2) structured qualitative interview with the chief financial officer (CFO), (3) follow-up emails and phone communication with company contact and (4) review of plan document language.FindingsWorkers at Central States Manufacturing – including truck drivers and production workers – build large sums of wealth through the ESOP. Central States innovates in its ESOP by permitting workers to access a portion of their ownership wealth while they are still working through hardship and service withdrawals.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a mini-case study heavily reliant on the information provided by the CFO, in combination with background publications, and plan document language. It does not include employee interviews.Originality/valueThis paper lifts up an innovative company whose success and innovative ESOP plan design benefit frontline workers.
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Stark, Mallory. "The national technical information service: Business plan." Government Information Quarterly 11, no. 2 (January 1994): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0740-624x(94)90011-6.
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Stark, Mallory. "The national technical information service: Modernization plan." Government Information Quarterly 11, no. 2 (January 1994): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0740-624x(94)90012-4.
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Stanley, John, and Jo Cripps. "A national plan for trauma services." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 89, no. 9 (October 1, 2007): 306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363507x240855.
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The reconfiguration debate has dominated the NHS over the summer with Conservative leader David Cameron promising a 'bare knuckle fight' over district general hospitals under threat from service closure. With the focus clearly on the need for service change, it is timely for the College to restate its policy on the provision of trauma care. We are calling for a critical examination of those centres currently providing trauma care and a national plan for the identification of major specialist trauma centres to provide the best care to injured patients.
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Dean, Malcolm. "london At last—a national plan for the National Health Service?" Lancet 356, no. 9227 (July 2000): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)73557-1.
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Lewis, Peter. "Cost Savings and Service Strategies in the British National Bibliographic Service." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 1, no. 2 (August 1989): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574908900100203.
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The British Library launched in 1986 a Catalogue Action Plan to deal with the long-term prospect of declining financial and manpower resources, the absence of growth in the market for its services, an unacceptably large backlog of uncatalogued materials, and a steadily increasing annual output of British publications to be catalogued. The initial phase of the Plan was designed to contain staff costs by reduction and simplification in data content in BNBMARC and other British Library records, predicating their future use primarily in an online (OPAC) environment. It has had significant success for the British Library's aims in the first full year of implementation, but it has raised questions of the cost-benefit in centralized cataloguing services for the library community, in respect both of the costs and sizing of OPAC systems in local libraries and of the necessity of sustaining indefinitely the high cost of adherence to international standards established before OPACs, the CD-ROMs and OSI had changed the technology.
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Marcus, Abraham. "A PLAN FOR INFORMATION IN THE NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE." Lancet 332, no. 8622 (November 1988): 1242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90823-9.
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Iliffe, Steve. "The National Plan for Britain's National Health Service: Toward a Managed Market." International Journal of Health Services 31, no. 1 (January 2001): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/h2u2-5ln6-ahyq-k207.
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Bain, Bill. "Restructuring a National Treasure: The New Plan for England's National Health Service." Healthcare Quarterly 4, no. 1 (September 15, 2000): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12927/hcq.2000.20512.
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Josephson, Neil C., Phillip M. Garfin, Akshara Richhariya, Machaon Bonafede, McMorrow Donna, Qian Cai, and Miguel Perales. "Real-World Clinical and Economic Burden of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Among a Large US Commercially Insured Populationhematopoietic CELL Transplantation Among a Large US Commercially Insured Population." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2368.2368.
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Abstract Introduction: Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a potentially curative treatment for patients with hematologic malignancies. Previous work using a national claims database identified the high cost of HCT, but was limited to the first 100 days. This study describes the rate of complications, medication use, and incremental total costs over a 2-year period among commercially insured patients who received autologous (auto-) or allogeneic (allo-) HCT in the US. Methods: Patients with hematologic malignancies aged ≥18 years undergoing auto-HCT or allo-HCT (ICD-9 procedure codes 41.01-41.09) between January 1, 2011 and June 30, 2014 were identified in the Truven Health MarketScan Research Databases. Patients were required to have 12-month continuous enrollment pre- and post-HCT (index event), and those with prior HCT were excluded. Controls were selected from a pool of patients without HCT and matched in up to a 3:1 ratio on age, gender, insurance type, Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index, and diagnosis. Control patient index dates were randomly assigned based on the HCT index date distribution. Potential HCT-related complications were defined as having a medical claim with a diagnosis code for relapse, infection, cardiovascular, renal disease, neurological, pulmonary, hepatic, gastrointestinal, secondary malignancy, thrombotic microangiopathy or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome during the 12-month post index period. Total healthcare costs were defined as sum of health plan and patient paid costs for prescriptions and medical services, including inpatient admissions, emergency room and physician office visits, and other outpatient services. Incremental costs approach was used to examine the excess post-index all-cause costs of HCT by comparing auto-HCT or allo-HCT cohorts with corresponding controls. Results: 10,527 patients (HCT = 2,672; controls = 7,855) were included, with 95.7% of HCT recipients matched with 3 controls. The mean (± SD) age of HCT recipients was 54.5 (±11.6) years, 40.5% were female, and 63.6% underwent auto-HCT. Acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, myelofibrosis and myeloproliferative disease (69.1%) were the most common indications for allo-HCT, while lymphoma (39.5%) was the most common indication for auto-HCT. Compared with their controls, allo-HCT recipients had a significantly higher use of antivirals (91.5% vs 21.5%, p<0.01), antibiotics (91.0% vs 65.5%, p<0.01), and antifungals (85.3% vs 13.5%, p<0.01) during the post-index period. Patients in the allo-HCT cohort incurred $455,853 more total all-cause costs than their controls (p < 0.01, Figure 1), with 82.0% of the incremental difference due to inpatient admissions, 15.4% from outpatient services, and 2.6% from prescriptions. These differences in costs were mainly driven by longer hospital stays (23.2 vs 7.2 days, p<0.01). 95.5% of allo-HCT recipients had a complication that mostly occurred within 180 days post-HCT. Allo-HCT recipients with complications had higher mean annual post-index total costs compared to those without ($533,999 vs. $325,365). 88.7% of auto-HCT recipients used antibiotics and 32.7% used antifungals, which were all higher than those of controls (p<0.01). During the one-year post-index period, the incremental all-cause health care costs associated with auto-HCT were $198,687 (p< 0.01, Figure 1), of which 74.0% were due to inpatient admissions, 14.3% from outpatient services and 11.7% from prescriptions. Auto-HCT recipients also had significant longer hospital stays (18.2 vs 5.4 days, p<0.01) than controls. 81.0% of auto-HCT recipients had a complication after transplantation, and had higher annual post-index total costs than those without ($255,256 vs $185,395). Conclusions: Hematologic malignancies are associated with considerable clinical and economic burdens. This analysis demonstrates that HCT adds significantly to the burden of therapy, with HCT recipients incurring about 10 times the cost of care during the 12-month post-transplantation period compared to controls. This analysis does not compare the long-term (e.g., ≥12-months) outcomes, and also underestimates total costs as it does not include indirect costs, caregiver burden, or donor costs. As expected, post-HCT complications further contribute to costs and this should encourage strategies that decrease complications and reduce costs. Disclosures Josephson: Seattle Genetics: Employment. Garfin:Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Employment. Richhariya:Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Employment. Bonafede:Truven Health: Other: I am an employee of Truven Health, which received a research contract to conduct this study with Seattle Genetics. . Donna:Truven Health: Other: I am an employee of Truven Health, which received a research contract to conduct this study with Seattle Genetics. . Cai:Truven Health Analytics: Other: I am an employee of Truven Health, which received a research contract to conduct this study with Seattle Genetics. , Research Funding.
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Arif, Tooba. "Hepatitis Service Provision at HMP Birmingham: Progressing a Previous Service Improvement Plan." BMJ Open Quality 7, no. 4 (December 2018): e000192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2017-000192.
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IntroductionHepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable disease, and hepatitis C is amenable to treatment. Both are highly prevalent in the prison population. This project provides a comprehensive evaluation of current hepatitis services at Her Majesty’s Prison Birmingham, assessing progress since previous work and proposing further suggestions for improvement.MethodsA review of hepatitis services was undertaken in 2013, in the context of underperformance against national targets. This revealed that the hepatitis B vaccination and hepatitis C testing coverage was 22% and 0%, respectively. A resulting service improvement plan included interventions such as the development of a bloodborne virus (BBV) policy, implementing opt-out testing and introducing dried blood spot testing for ease of administration. In 2015, national guidelines were used to evaluate current practice, with comparison to previous practice. The indicators assessed included BBV policy, vaccination and testing protocols, prisoner education and reporting of results. Discussions were held with prison stakeholders to address areas that required development, producing a revised action plan.ResultsHepatitis services were available to all prisoners starting their sentence in 2015, n=4998. Testing was offered on an opt-out basis to all entrants, increasing the testing coverage by 7.6% from 2013. Vaccination was offered to 57% of entrants, with coverage slightly lower than 2013, largely due to prisoner refusal. In light of this, many strategies were devised to educate prisoners, increase opportunities to receive testing and vaccination, and decrease the risk of patients being lost to follow-up. An update in 2016 saw progress in many of these areas.DiscussionBeing in prison provides offenders with stability in their lifestyle and easier access to healthcare services. By optimising these services in line with national guidance, and implementing specific strategies to encourage uptake of hepatitis testing and vaccination, we may be better able to serve this vulnerable sector of the population.
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Thayer, Gordon W., James P. Thomas, and K. V. Koski. "The Habitat Research Plan of the National Marine Fisheries Service." Fisheries 21, no. 5 (May 1996): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1996)021<0006:thrpot>2.0.co;2.
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Bamford, Terry. "Housing and the National Health Service Plan: Reconfiguring the deckchairs?" Housing, Care and Support 4, no. 2 (May 2001): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14608790200100010.
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Farooqui, M. Naseem Iqbal. "Interpersonal Communication in Family Planning in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 33, no. 4II (December 1, 1994): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i4iipp.677-684.
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In order to curb the harmful effects of population growth many developing countries initiated family planning programmes around the year 1960. These programmes traditionally consisted of two components namely provision of family planning services on the supply side and Information, Education and Communication (lEe) on the demand side. In many of these countries the IEC component has been performing functions such as providing information about the locations and types of services available and motivating couples to adopt family plan,ning. Besides, IEC has also been performing the function of educating the local and national leaders and educated people about population problems and benefits of smaller family size [Rogers (n.d.)]. The channels through which IEC messages are conveyed are either mass media or interpersonal communication. Mass media includes television, radio, and print media. Planned interpersonal channels include person to person contacts by home visitors etc. Whereas unplanned interpersonal communication consists of exchanges between husband and wife, among relatives and friends.
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Quintana, María Graciela Badilla, and Cristian Lara Valenzuela. "Acti-Plan." International Journal of Knowledge Society Research 5, no. 3 (July 2014): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijksr.2014070102.
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Two 3D-learning environments in SecondLife and OpenSim have been developed as part of a grant project called TYMMI -Technology and Pedagogical Models in Immersive Worlds- funded by the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT) in Chile. The main objective is to strengthen the professional performance of pre-service teachers (bachelor students), by simulating teaching practices and virtual learning opportunities where the community members join a meeting or class, share and interact in the complex process of assimilation teaching skills. Preliminary results are related to the design of two immersive simulation platforms and to develop a conceptual and technological model for teaching in Immersive Worlds. In this context, the authors created an ACTI-PLAN that allows pre-service teachers to act in two areas: cataloging resources and educational planning. Also, in this virtual space there is an architecture that supports pedagogical proposal that includes classrooms for Mathematic and Language for elementary education.
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Dacosta Byfield, Stacey, Nicole Engel-Nitz, Timothy Bancroft, Amy J. Anderson, Carolina Reyes, Arliene Ravelo, Sarika Ogale, May Chen, and Matthew J. Matasar. "Differences in Patients with Progressive Versus Non-Progressive AML, CLL, or NHL: Implications for Proposed Bundled Payment Strategies." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 4528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4528.4528.
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Abstract Background: Increasingly, payers are redefining how payments for cancer care are structured. Demonstration programs and policy proposals by insurers and oncology organizations have bundled payments for various services, including chemotherapy. The impact of such payment policies may vary for patients (pts) with hematologic malignancies given their widely varying disease severity. Progression of disease (PD), and costs associated with it, may stress bundled payment programs, particularly if such programs do not accurately assess risk of progression across the insured cohort. To inform this ongoing development of new payment strategies for pts with hematologic malignancy, this study compared patterns of care in pts with AML, CLL or other forms of NHL who do, or do not, experience PD. Methods: This retrospective studyused medical and pharmacy claims from a large national US health plan to identify commercially insured and Medicare Advantage (MA) pts age ≥18 years from 1/2007 - 8/2014 with ≥2 medical claims for AML (ICD-9-CM code 205.0x), CLL ( ICD-9-CM code 204.1x), or other NHL (ICD-9-CM codes 200.xx, 202.0x-202.2x, 202.4x, 202.7x-202.9x, 203.8x, 204.8x-204.9x, 273.3x). Pts required ≥1 claim for systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT); the first observed claim was the index date. Continuous enrollment (CE) in the health plan for 6 months (mths) prior to (baseline period) and ≥6 mths after index date (variable follow-up period) was required; pts with <6 mths of follow-up due to death were included. Pts with baseline SACT or additional primary malignancies were excluded. Line of therapy (LOT) periods were defined. The 1st LOT (LOT1) started on index date; regimens included all drugs received in the first 45 days. LOT1 ended at the earliest of: start of a new drug, ≥60-day gap in initial regimen, death or end of CE or study period. LOT2 started with a SACT after LOT1 end. PD was defined as: start of LOT2, receipt of hospice care (based on procedure or revenue codes) or death (based on Social Security Administration death data). Results: Among 667 AML, 1354 CLL and 9399 NHL pts who met study criteria, 70%, 45%, and 46% respectively had PD during the study period. Mean (median) time in mths to PD was 6.6 (4.2) for AML, 12.8 (9.2) for CLL and 10.0 (7.1) for NHL. Descriptive results are shown in the Table. Compared to pts without PD during the study period, pts who progressed were MA pts, older and had shorter initial LOTs. The most common initial therapy varied across PD cohorts. Among pts with PD, the AML cohort had the highest percentage of death and evidence of hospice care. Conclusion: Characteristics and treatment patterns varied for pts with PD versus non-PD AML, CLL and NHL. Understanding the variability across patient groups will aid in the development of new bundled payment policies and help providers determine whether and in which payment systems to participate. Table 1. AML CLL NHL PD N=464 No PD N=203 PD N=604 No PD N=750 PD N=4291 No PD N=5108 Age, yrs mean (SD), median^# 60 (17), 62 58 (17), 59 71 (11), 72 67 (11), 67 64 (14), 65 60 (16), 62 Baseline Quan-Charlson comorbidity score mean (SD), median# 3.1 (1.6), 2 3.1 (1.6), 2 2.8 (1.3), 2 2.7 (1.2), 2 3.4 (2.0), 3 3.3 (1.9), 2 Male, N (%)# 271 (58) 115 (57) 366 (61) 490 (65) 2480 (58) 2832 (55) Insurance, N (%)*^# Commercial 300 (65) 148 (73) 284 (47) 428 (57) 2,723 (63) 3489 (68) MA 164 (35) 55 (27) 320 (53) 322 (43) 1568 (37) 1619 (32) Stem Cell Transplant, N (%) 105 (23) 61 (30) 11 (2) 5 (1) 443 (10) 169 (3) Length of follow-up, mths, mean (SD), median ^# 17.6 (17.1), 12.1 19.9 (15.5), 14.4 28.6 (21.4), 23.7 22.4 (15.9), 17.2 28.2 (21.5), 22.3 27.2 (19.9), 20.9 Length of LOT1, mths, mean (SD), median *^# 3.8 (4.3), 2.5 5.4 (6.5), 3.5 3.6 (4.0), 2.8 4.8 (4.0), 4.3 4.1 (3.6), 3.6 5.2 (5.1), 4.5 Monotherapy in LOT1*^# 322 (69) 158 (78) 371 (61) 272 (36) 1623 (38) 1254 (25) Biologic in LOT*^# 136 (29) 38 (19) 384 (64) 603 (80) 3523 (82) 4066 (80) Most common LOT1 regimens (%)┼ 1st aza (19) cyt (17) R (24) FCR (23) R (26) RCHOP (39) 2nd dec (15) dec (17) chl (19) BR (21) RCHOP (25) R (14) 3rd cyt (9) aza (17) FCR (12) R (16) RCVP (9) BR (7) Hospice, N (%) 124 (27) - 74 (12) - 664 (15) - Died, N (%) 204 (44) - 177 (29) - 1040 (24) - *^# p<0.05 for AML, CLL and NHL progression cohorts respectively ┼no testing Aza-azacitadine, B-bendamustine, C-cyclophosphamide, chl-chlorambucil, cyt-cytarabine, dec-decitabine, F-fludarabine, R-rituximab, V-vincristine RCHOP=R,C,V,doxorubicin±prednisone RCVP=R,C,V±prednisone Disclosures Dacosta Byfield: Optum: Employment. Engel-Nitz:United Health Group: Equity Ownership; Optum: Employment. Bancroft:Optum: Employment; United Health Group: Equity Ownership. Anderson:Optum: Employment; United Helath Group: Equity Ownership. Reyes:Genentech: Employment; Roche: Equity Ownership. Ravelo:Roche: Equity Ownership; Genentech, Inc.: Employment. Ogale:Roche: Equity Ownership; Genentech, Inc.: Employment.
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Carbonell, Sérgio Augusto Morais, Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho, and Walter José Siqueira. "Contributions of the Instituto Agronômico (IAC) for plant breeding." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 12, spe (December 2012): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-70332012000500003.
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The Instituto Agronômico (IAC) is a public institution that was founded in 1887 and has the mission of generating science and transferring technologies for the agricultural sector. This paper describes the main achievements in plant breeding and the use of IAC's cultivars. The impact in the agribusiness sector is demonstrated by the release of research results, especially in the form of products such as seeds and seedlings of 90 species. Out of these, 955 cultivars were properly described, characterized and made available to farmers (636 of them are registered in the National Cultivar Registration Service). Between 1932 and 2012, IAC released an average of 12 cultivars per year, and in the period of 2003 to 2012, 185 cultivars were registered (one new cultivar every 20 days). The results can be evaluated by the representativeness of IAC in the use, customs and food preferences, among other possible measurements on the economic impact and/or return on investments made in the Institution.
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Andrews, Fiona. "From Policy to Practice: The Development of an Integrated Health Promotion Plan for Children's Services at Plenty Valley Community Health Inc." Australian Journal of Primary Health 9, no. 1 (2003): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py03009.
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Current changes in the funding of health promotion in community health in Victoria require community health agencies to integrate health promotion with service delivery. This provides both opportunities and challenges for community health staff. Members of the Children's Service Team at Plenty Valley Community Health Inc. addressed these changes by developing an integrated health promotion plan. The approach used involved identifying client pathways and then integrating opportunities for health promotion interventions into these pathways. Staff perceptions of the process involved in developing the plan were examined. The use of client pathways to integrate health promotion into everyday practice proved a successful approach for members of the Children's Services Team, and provides a useful model for health promotion planning in community health that helps staff to see the relevance of health promotion to their practice, and engages staff in the planning process. Members of the Children's Services Team reported that the process involved in developing their integrated health promotion plan was a very worthwhile experience that allowed them a strong sense of ownership of the plan.
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Jeon, Se-Kun, Byeong-sun Kang, and Suk-Jin Hong. "Review of enterprise data management infrastructure, and policies of the Korea National Park Service." Korea National Park Research Institute 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54406/jnpr.2022.13.1.147.
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Based on the results of the recent〝4th Korea National Park Service Information Strategy Plan〞 establishment and related laws and policies, we want to understand the current level of data management in Korea National Park Service. As a result of confirming the level of enterprise-wide data quality management using the data profiling technique, it is difficult to secure data standard or structural consistency, and the basis for data quality management such as guidelines, manuals, organization and budget is insufficient. The company-wide data of the National Park Service should be managed to ensure accuracy, consistency, timelessness, and completeness, and to realize this, an implementation plan is established according to the data quality management framework.
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Kaplan, Marilyn, Hugh C. Miller, Lee H. Nelson, and Emogene A. Bevitt. "Skills Development Plan for Historical Architects in the National Park Service." APT Bulletin 20, no. 2 (1988): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1494253.
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Lewis, Richard, and Stephen Gillam. "The National Health Service Plan: Further Reform of British Health Care?" International Journal of Health Services 31, no. 1 (January 2001): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/g9k8-4ew0-vxph-rrcb.
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Pease, James L., Lindsey L. Monteith, Trisha A. Hostetter, Jeri E. Forster, and Nazanin H. Bahraini. "Military Service and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in a National Sample of College Students." Crisis 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000300.
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Background: As a result of the post-9/11 GI Bill, increasing numbers of veterans are enrolling in college. However, little is known regarding suicidal outcomes among this group. In prior research, college student veterans reported high rates of suicidal ideation and attempt. Nonetheless, no research has examined whether military service is associated with increased suicide risk among college students. Aims: Our primary aims were to examine whether a history of military service was related to past-year suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt among college students. On the basis of previous research with college students, we hypothesized that students with a history of military service (i.e., current or prior) would report a higher percentage of past-year suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt. Our secondary aims were to examine the associations between military service and major depression and nonsuicidal self-injury. Method: Our sample included 3,290 college students with and without a history of military service who participated in the Healthy Minds Study in 2011 and 2012. Results: Military service was not significantly associated with past-year suicidal ideation, plan, or attempt. Students without a history of military service were more likely to report nonsuicidal self-injury. There was no significant difference in screening positive for major depression. Conclusions: These findings conflict with previous research that identified student veterans as being at elevated risk.
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Khorana, Meera, Siriluck Thavonvattana, Benjamas Thussanasupap, and Siraporn Sawasdivorn. "Expanding and Sustaining Breastfeeding in the Sick and Premature Babies in Thailand." Clinical Lactation 12, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/clinlact-d-20-00022.
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The clinical guidance for human milk (HM) feeding for sick and premature babies in Thailand was developed in 2013 to help improve their breastfeeding rates.ObjectiveTo expand breastfeeding (BF) for sick and premature babies using the clinical guidance, develop a monitoring system, and to integrate the practice into the national routine newborn care for sick babies.MethodVolunteer tertiary care hospitals were recruited to implement the clinical guidance. The development of a monitoring and evaluation system was done by the multidisciplinary team and volunteer hospitals. The integration into routine national care practice was done by including it in the national neonatal service plan of Thailand.ResultsThirty-eight pilot tertiary care hospitals volunteered for implementing the program. The proposed outcome indicators of rate of exclusive BF sick babies at hospital discharge and at 6 months of life for the volunteer hospitals were 62.97% and 41.76%, respectively. Since its integration into the national service plan in 2019, a total of 98 hospitals have been included in the program.ConclusionThe integration of the clinical guidance into the national service plan is essential for sustaining BF of sick, premature babies in the country.
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Ritchie, L. "Driving quality – clinical governance in the National Health Service." Managing Service Quality: An International Journal 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09604520210421419.
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Assesses the role of the NHS’s new quality initiative “clinical governance” in introducing change and monitoring clinical and trust performance to improve the quality of service. An examination is made into continuous improvement methodology and quality tools, as a means to improving service delivery through this newly developed framework. The paper comments on the effectiveness of clinical governance as an approach to managing quality in the NHS in view of the increased public demand for clinical accountability and efficient service delivery as stated in The NHS Plan.
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Nikitin, Dmitry S. "United Indian Patriotic Association versus Indian National Congress (1888–1893)." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 1 (2022): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080013036-6.
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The article examines the emergence of Anglo-Indian and Muslim opposition to the Indian National Congress (INC) in the second half of the 1880s – early 1890s. By 1887, Congress had lost the support of the Viceroy of India Dufferin, and it greatly influenced the formation of the anti-Congress movement. The social base of opposition to the Congress was formed by the most conservative parts of society – the Anglo-Indians (the British who permanently lived in India) and Indian Muslims. The center of the anti-Congress movement was the Aligarh College, and the leader was the Muslim educator and founder of the college, Syed Ahmad Khan. The movement received support from the Anglo-Indian press and colonial officials. In 1888, United Indian Patriotic Association was founded with the Muslim organizations of Upper India and the conservative Hindu aristocracy in its ranks. The Association believed that the Congress did not represent the interests of the entire Indian people, but only a narrow stratum of European educated Indians. The INC's proposals for the introduction of an elective element in legislative councils and simultaneous examinations for civil service in India and Great Britain were regarded as premature, threatening interests of Muslims and British rule in India. The main goal of the United Indian Patriotic Association was to counter the agitation of the INC in Great Britain, where the British Committee of the INC operated, by holding anti-Congress meetings and pamphleting. After the adoption of the Indian Councils Act of 1892, the leaders of the Association focused on protecting the interests of Indian Muslims, and this solution led to the dissolution of the United Indian Patriotic Association in 1893. The Association became one of the first organizations opposed to the INC and had a significant impact on strengthening the political activity of Indian Muslims. The emergence of Muslim opposition to INC in the second half of the 1880s. became an important factor in the political development of India and the national liberation movement in the first half of the XX century.
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Weinstein Nelson, Bonnie, and Jeffrey Tumlin. "Yosemite Regional Transportation Strategy: Creating a Public-Private Partnership." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1735, no. 1 (January 2000): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1735-09.
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In 1992 the Yosemite Area Regional Transportation Strategy (YARTS) group began meeting to discuss access and transportation needs of visitors to the Yosemite region. The group included representatives of the five rural counties surrounding Yosemite National Park, the National Park Service, the state department of transportation, and eventually the U.S. Forest Service and other state and federal agencies. Urgency increased after the park instituted a program of gate closures to address congestion and parking problems within Yosemite Valley. Although the closures lasted only a matter of hours, the impact was felt for months to come as visitors changed their plans in the face of potential closures. Two years later, a flood permanently removed infrastructure within the park, including parking spaces and camping sites, making access from the surrounding communities even more critical. After 8 years of planning, YARTS has implemented the first regional transit service ever focused on the 4 million annual visitors to Yosemite. The 2-year demonstration service plan is not intended to replace automobile access to the park but rather to provide an alternative mode of access. The plan is creating a unique partnership between YARTS and private vendors who will provide the service and assume much of the start-up risk. The plan provides a working outline of the service, including anticipated service levels and fares. All of these plan highlights are discussed, along with a history of the YARTS organization, which describes the technical and political challenges to implementation.
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Park, Man-Hee. "Service Plan of National R&D Report System Using KANO Model." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 14, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2014.14.01.364.
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Waleekhachonloet, Onanong, Thananan Rattanachotphanit, Chulaporn Limwattananon, Noppakun Thammatacharee, and Supon Limwattananon. "Effects of a national policy advocating rational drug use on decreases in outpatient antibiotic prescribing rates in Thailand." Pharmacy Practice 19, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 2201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2021.1.2201.
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Objective: This study examined the effects of a national policy advocating rational drug use (RDU), namely, the ‘RDU Service Plan’, starting in fiscal year 2017 and implemented by the Thai Ministry of Public Health (MOPH), on trends in antibiotic prescribing rates for outpatients. The policy was implemented subsequent to a voluntary campaign involving 136 hospitals, namely, the ‘RDU Hospital Project’, which was implemented during fiscal years 2014-2016.
Methods: Hospital-level antibiotic prescribing rates in fiscal years 2014-2019 for respiratory infections, acute diarrhea, and fresh wounds were aggregated for two hospital groups using equally weighted averages: early adopters of RDU activities through the RDU Hospital Project and late adopters under the RDU Service Plan. Pre-/post-policy annual changes in the prescribing levels and trends were compared between the two groups using an interrupted time-series analysis.
Results: In fiscal years 2014-2016, decreases in antibiotic prescribing rates for respiratory infections and acute diarrhea in both groups reflected a trend that existed before the RDU Service Plan was implemented. The immediate effect of the RDU Service Plan policy occurred in fiscal year 2017, when the prescribing level among the late adopters dropped abruptly for all three conditions with a greater magnitude than in the decrease among the early adopters, despite nonsignificant differences. The medium-term effect of the RDU Service Plan was identified through a further decreasing trend during fiscal years 2017-2019 for all conditions in both groups, except for acute diarrhea among the early adopters.
Conclusions: The national policy on rational drug use effectively reduced antibiotic prescribing for common but questionable outpatient conditions.
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Waleekhachonloet, Onanong, Thananan Rattanachotphanit, Chulaporn Limwattananon, Noppakun Thammatacharee, and Supon Limwattananon. "Effects of a national policy advocating rational drug use on decreases in outpatient antibiotic prescribing rates in Thailand." Pharmacy Practice 19, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 2201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/10.18549/pharmpract.2021.1.2201.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: This study examined the effects of a national policy advocating rational drug use (RDU), namely, the ‘RDU Service Plan’, starting in fiscal year 2017 and implemented by the Thai Ministry of Public Health (MOPH), on trends in antibiotic prescribing rates for outpatients. The policy was implemented subsequent to a voluntary campaign involving 136 hospitals, namely, the ‘RDU Hospital Project’, which was implemented during fiscal years 2014-2016.
Methods: Hospital-level antibiotic prescribing rates in fiscal years 2014-2019 for respiratory infections, acute diarrhea, and fresh wounds were aggregated for two hospital groups using equally weighted averages: early adopters of RDU activities through the RDU Hospital Project and late adopters under the RDU Service Plan. Pre-/post-policy annual changes in the prescribing levels and trends were compared between the two groups using an interrupted time-series analysis.
Results: In fiscal years 2014-2016, decreases in antibiotic prescribing rates for respiratory infections and acute diarrhea in both groups reflected a trend that existed before the RDU Service Plan was implemented. The immediate effect of the RDU Service Plan policy occurred in fiscal year 2017, when the prescribing level among the late adopters dropped abruptly for all three conditions with a greater magnitude than in the decrease among the early adopters, despite nonsignificant differences. The medium-term effect of the RDU Service Plan was identified through a further decreasing trend during fiscal years 2017-2019 for all conditions in both groups, except for acute diarrhea among the early adopters.
Conclusions: The national policy on rational drug use effectively reduced antibiotic prescribing for common but questionable outpatient conditions.
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Kim, Seong Tae, and Sung Yong Yoon. "The Study on Reduction Plan of Tax Compliance Costs by Utilizing 'Home Tax System'." Korean Accounting Information Association 40, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 125–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29189/kaiaair.40.4.6.
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[Purpose] The government has been trying to reduce the tax compliance costs by means of ‘Government 3.0’. Despite various efforts by the government to reduce the tax compliance costs, such as simplifying tax payment and introducing electronic tax invoices, the taxation system is not significantly reduced due to complicated taxation system, administrative service, filing system, and taxation system complexity.
[Methodology] This study suggests creating the tax system for taxpayers, expand the service for report and payment by utilizing home tax service, as a reduction plan to decrease tax compliance costs.
[Findings] First, it should improve the correctness of the HTS tax simulation. Second, if a person filing a comprehensive income tax invoice reports a comprehensive income tax, he or she will be prepared to complete the financial statements, and it is impossible to prepare the financial statements without preparing the accounts for the transactions. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the electronic account service. Third, the scope should expand the scope of the target information. Fourth, the succession tax payment information inquiry shall be provided. Fifth, the payment of national taxes and local taxes should be incorporated. Sixth, revise the National Tax Service Act to exempt the completion of payments from taxpayers in the process of paying taxes to the taxpayer.
[Implications] This study proposed a plan to improve the National Tax Service's home tax system to contribute to enhancing national competitiveness by easing the administrative cost caused by taxes by suggesting a plan to reduce tax compiliance costs. The tax cooperation cost reduction plan proposed in this study has a high sense of taxpayer in that it uses the “home tax system”, and the government can realize it.
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Kadib, A. L., A. T. Shak, A. A. Mazen, and M. K. Nadar. "SHORE PROTECTION PLAN FOR THE NILE DELTA COASTLINE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (January 29, 1986): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.186.
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A Shore Protection Master Plan (SPMP) for the Nile Delta Shoreline, extending from 30 kms west of the city of Alexandria (Arab Republic of Egypt) to 30 kms east of Port Said, is developed and reported. The SPMP was developed in three stages: (1) collection and analysis of relevant data to identify existing and future coastal problems and limits of needed shore protection, (2) development of shore protection alternatives with costs and economic evaluations, and (3) detailed design and technical specifications for the selected shore protection schemes along the SPMP zone. This paper summarizes Tetra Tech, Inc./Honeywell work and achievements on this project while under contract with the Egyptian Shore Protection Authority (SPA). The SPMP considered the Egyptian Government and the SPA national needs to the year 2000.
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Wahyudi, Inez Gavrila, Johan Setiawan, and Wella Wella. "Capability Model of Manage Human Resource And Service Agreement at PT X." International Journal of New Media Technology 4, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ijnmt.v4i1.539.
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This research was made with purpose to measure the capability of human resource and work management in PT. X using COBIT 5.0. In the assessment process, researcher applied 1 domain (align, plan, and organize) with 2 processed, Manage Human Resource APO 07) and Manage Service Agreement (APO 09). Data collection was obtained from the distribution of questionnaires to IT division (there were 127 items of the question and 10 respondents). The result of this research figured out that APO 07 stopped in level 2 with score 82.50 in level 3 and APO 09 ended in level 3 with score 84.10 in level 4. In conclusion, there were still few problems that made human resources in PT X unable to reach level 5. PT.X ought to do audit regularly in deep and holistically.
Keywords— Align Plan and Organize, Capabilities Level, COBIT 5.0, Manage Human Resources, Manage Service Agreement
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Richard, Tim, and Sam Burns. "Beyond "Scoping": Citizens and San Juan National Forest Managers, Learning Together." Journal of Forestry 96, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jof/96.4.39.
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Abstract In a community-public land initiative, southwest Colorado citizens and Forest Service staff worked for two years before starting the revision of the San Juan National Forest land and resource management plan. Community groups studied community values and forest science and management through informal exchanges on resource management issues. Topical working groups followed up with more detailed examinations to help ensure that the plan would reflect commitment to public land stewardship.
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Lloyd, Chris, Helen Kanowski, and Pam Samra. "Developing Occupational Therapy Services within an Integrated Mental Health Service." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 61, no. 5 (May 1998): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269806100509.
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Health care reform has been taking place in a number of countries around the world. Changes have been occurring in Australian government mental health policies regarding service delivery for people with a mental illness. The National Mental Health Policy and Plan 1992 and the Queensland Mental Health Plan 1994 have set the directions for the reform of mental health services. As a result, occupational therapists have been required to examine and develop their role in service delivery within integrated mental health services. Occupational therapists within one integrated mental health service have responded by developing their practice across service components with a focus on the consumer and with service development links.
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Jones, Claire, Stephen A. Badger, Jane McClements, Lloyd McKie, Tom Diamond, and Mark A. Taylor. "Can the National Health Service Cancer Plan time-line be applied to colorectal hepatic metastases?" Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 92, no. 2 (March 2010): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588410x12628812458734.
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INTRODUCTION The National Health Service (NHS) Cancer Plan guidelines recommend a maximum 2-week wait from referral to first appointment, and 2 months from referral to treatment for primary cancers. However, there are currently no guidelines available for metastatic disease. In the UK, nearly half of all colorectal cancer patients develop hepatic metastases. Timely, surgical resection offers the potential for cure. The aim of this study was to audit current practice for colorectal liver metastases in a regional hepatobiliary unit, and compare this to the NHS Cancer Plan standards for primary disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review of the unit's database was performed for all hepatic metastases referrals from January 2006 to December 2008. The dates of referral, first appointment, investigations and initiation of treatment, along with patient's age and sex, were recorded on Microsoft Excel and analysed. Time was expressed as mean ± SD in days. RESULTS A total of 102 patients with hepatic metastases were identified. Five were excluded due to incomplete data. The average time from referral to first appointment was 10.6 ± 9.4 days and the average time from referral to treatment was 38.5 ± 28.6 days. Seventy-five (72.7%) had surgical intervention, of whom 37 also had chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The data compare favourably to the NHS Cancer Plan guidelines for primary malignancy, demonstrating that a regional hepatobiliary unit is capable of delivering a service for colorectal liver metastases that adheres to the NHS Cancer Plan. Therefore, the NHS Cancer Plan can be applied to this cohort.
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Lopez, Tara Burnthorne. "Southern Pizza, Inc.: The Case Of An Innovative Franchisee." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 4, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v4i9.4806.
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Consuming more than 350 slices per second, Americans have made pizza one of their favorite fast foods. It is a rare town that does not boast at least one pizza outlet. Indeed, pizza can be purchased in bowling alleys and service stations, at sporting events, in theaters, as well as at national and local pizza restaurants located throughout the United States. This paper presents case material on a major pizza franchisee, its operations and its goals. Material presented can be useful in teaching marketing strategy.
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Kusuma, Shalwa Oktavrilia, Marshanda Aprilia, Toha Saifudin, and Sa’idah Zahrotul Jannah. "MODELING PLN INC. CUSTOMER RECEIVABLES BASED ON GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION APPROACH." G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan 8, no. 3 (July 4, 2024): 1675–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33379/gtech.v8i3.4439.
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PLN Inc. implements a postpaid service that has resulted in many customer receivables issues. Customer receivables disrupt PLN Inc.'s cash flow, requiring the government to inject funds from the state budget. If the state budget experiences a deficit, it can increase the national debt. National debt impacts the achievement of SDG goals, namely sustainable economic growth (SDG 8), reducing inequalities (SDG 10), and financing infrastructure that supports development (SDG 9). The largest receivables occur on the island of Java, where many companies have high electricity consumption, while outside Java, electricity consumption is lower due to the scarcity of companies. This indicates a spatial influence on the size of PLN Inc.'s customer receivables, so this research was conducted using the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) method. The study found that the best weighting was fixed Gaussian with an R² value of 96.94%, which is better than the global regression value of 44.34%.