Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Inbred rat'
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Grieve, Ian C. "Quantitative trait analysis in a panel of recombinant inbred rat strains." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5617.
Full textGhosh, Sumona. "Effect of exercise training on metabolic intermediate phenotypes in inbred rat strains." Connect to Online Resource-OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=mco1182807006.
Full text"In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences." Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 59-68.
Ghosh, Sumona. "Effects of Exercise Training on Metabolic Intermediate Phenotypes in Inbred Rat Strains." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1182807006.
Full textGarrett, Michael R. "Genetic dissection of hypertension-related renal disease using the Dahl salt-sensitive rat." Connect to Online Resource-OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=mco1175545256.
Full text"In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Sciences." Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 89-95, p. 127-131, p. 184-192, p.198-233.
Ways, Justin Andrew. "An Inbred Rat Model of Exercise Capacity: The Path to Identifying Alleles Regulating Variation in Treadmill Running Performance and Associated Phenotypes." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=mco1201562803.
Full text"In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Sciences." Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 142-183.
Baker, K. C. "The absorption from the gut and immunomodulatory effects of the sulphated polygalactan food-additive, carrageenan : Studies in the inbred rat." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371432.
Full textBossy, Tanya. "Implication of a novel nerve growth factor (NGF) maturation and degradation cascade in the Fischer-344 rat model of age-associated memory deficits." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111573.
Full textTodd, Derrick James. "Role of the Intestinal Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diabetes in the BB Rat Model of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus." eScholarship@UMMS, 2001. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/138.
Full textvan, Wijngaarden Peter, and petervanwijn@yahoo com au. "Heritable influences in oxygen-induced retinopathy." Flinders University. Medicine, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060824.211102.
Full textSweeney, Patricia M. "Indirect inbred selection for drying rate in maize hybrids /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487681788253123.
Full textSloan, Duncan J. "Some immunological aspects of neural transplantation to the CNS of inbred rats." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280741.
Full textLu, Ling-min. "Genetic Analysis of Chemical-Induced T-Lymphomas in LEXF Recombinant Inbred Strains Rats." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181734.
Full textChin, Veronica Kei Len. "Avaliação histológica da reparação óssea em defeitos bicorticais no ângulo de mandíbula de ratos geneticamente hipertensos e de seus controles Wistar-Kyoto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23149/tde-21012009-145427/.
Full textArterial hypertension may affect the quality of bone repair because this disease is characterized by physiopathological vascular and bone metabolism changes. With the objective of evaluating the bone neoformation and remodeling, this study investigated the process of bone repair in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their match controls Wistar-Kyoto (WKY). Through-in-through defects were done with trephine burs in the mandibular angle area, of 2mm diameter on the right side and 5mm diameter on the left side. The animals were divided into groups of five individuals each one and killed after 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 90 postoperative days; the mandibles were removed, fixed in 10% formalin solution, decalcified with 20% formic acid, and embedded in paraffin; the histological sections of 7m thickness were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The images were captured with 40x magnification and the defect area was measured by the image processing program Image J version 1.4. The statistical analysis showed that there is no significant difference in the comparison of WKY and SHR strains (p = 0,884), independent of periods or sides; among periods, in the WKY strain (p = 0,101) and SHR one (p = 0,479), independent of sides; among periods by strains on the right side; and among strains by sides, left side with p = 0,466 and right side with p = 0,689, independent of periods. There is a significant difference between left and right side (p < 0,001), independent of strains and periods; between sides by strains, WKY and SHR, both with p < 0,001; among periods by strains on the left side, which WKY 15 days group showed an area smaller than WKY 60 days and SHR 10 days groups, and WKY 60 days group showed an area bigger than SHR 30 days and SHR 60 days groups. Despite the changes founded on the left side that could be attributed to the functional remodeling of the mandibular bone, there were no differences in the bone repair of 5mm and 2mm diameter defects between spontaneously hypertensive rats and their match controls Wistar-Kyoto.
Chen, Guangyong. "Mesenchymal stem cells for cellular cardiomyoplasty : the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111603.
Full textMethods Rats (n=88) underwent acute left coronary artery ligations and were randomized into groups M and C and then injected with culture media or MSCs, respectively. These rats underwent blinded echocardiography to evaluate left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF). Real Time PCR was used to compare cytokine gene expression for IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 (pro-inflammatory) and IL-10 (anti-inflammatory) at various times. Extra-cellular matrix (ECM) deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration were also analyzed.
Results As early as 12 hours, the ratio of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in group C was significantly lower than group M. Similar results were found at 24 hours, 1 and 2 weeks, respectively. LVEF improved significantly in group C (M=62% vs C=68% at 12 hours* , M=66% vs C=75% at 24 hours*, M=57% vs C=75% at 1 week *, and M=52% vs C=70% at 2 weeks*, *p<0.01). The ratio of MMP-2/TIMP1 levels was lower in the Group C at all time frames, reaching significance at 12 and 24 hours and 2 weeks. In group C, histopathological analysis revealed significantly less ECM deposition (M=1.95% vs C=0.75% at 24 hours*, M=19.30% vs C=9.36% at 1 week*, M=24.46% vs C=7.57% at 2 weeks*, *p<0.01). This was associated with significantly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration after 24 hours.
Conclusions The current data suggests that MSCs therapy decreases the pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine ratio in the infarct microenvironment. This is associated with improved cardiac function, reduced ECM deposition, and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration. This paracrine mechanism of MSCs therapy may explain the early functional improvement after MI before cell transdifferentiation or other mechanisms takes place.
Tapias, Espinosa Carles. "Schizophrenia-like sensorimotor gating deficits in intact inbred and outbred rats: From behavior to brain mechanisms and back." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671331.
Full textLa esquizofrenia es una enfermedad mental incapacitante que involucra varios síntomas cognitivos, como un filtraje sensoriomotor deteriorado. El filtraje sensoriomotor se puede medir mediante la inhibición prepulso (IPP) de la respuesta de sobresalto. Los estudios en roedores que analizan el impacto de alteraciones cerebrales específicas sobre la IPP han sido muy útiles para aumentar el conocimiento sobre esta deficiencia básica de la esquizofrenia. Estos estudios muestran que los déficits en IPP aparecen junto a otros síntomas, como agitación psicomotora, y alteraciones en el circuito cortico-estriato-pallido-talámico (CEPT). Específicamente, tratamientos que aumentan o disminuyen la actividad del córtex prefrontal medial (CPFm), el hipocampo (HPC) o el núcleo accumbens (NAc) reducen la IPP. Es importante destacar que la desregulación cortical en el balance excitación-inhibición (E-I) se ha propuesto como el principal sustrato subyacente a los síntomas cognitivos de la esquizofrenia. Además, estos estudios muestran que la IPP mejora con varios fármacos antipsicóticos, como el neuropéptido oxitocina, el cual se ha propuesto como antipsicótico natural alternativo. A diferencia de los estudios en roedores, los estudios en humanos evalúan la asociación entre diferencias comportamentales naturales (diagnóstico, síntomas) y cambios neurales. En esta Tesis Doctoral, nos propusimos contribuir a establecer un puente entre los estudios en humanos y roedores y, para ello, exploramos si los déficits naturales en IPP en ratas consanguíneas y no-consanguíneas intactas (i) se asociaban con diferencias en otras conductas relacionadas con la esquizofrenia; (ii) se relacionaban con diferencias funcionales y estructurales en el circuito CEPT; (iii) se atenuaban por la administración de oxitocina. Usamos las ratas consanguíneas Romanas de alta y baja evitación (RHA y RLA), y las ratas no consanguíneas del stock heterogéneo HS. Las RHA muestran menor IPP que las RLA, mientras que las HS se estratificaron en subgrupos según su IPP. Los experimentos planteados también pretendían aumentar la validez aparente, de constructo y predictiva de nuestros animales modelo de características relevantes para la esquizofrenia (RHA y HS-baja-IPP). En relación con las asociaciones conductuales, nuestros resultados muestran que la exploración incrementada en respuesta a la novedad se asocia con déficits en IPP en ratas HS y Romanas. Para estudiar las asociaciones cerebrales estructurales y funcionales con la IPP, combinamos el uso de resonancia magnética estructural y expresión de c-Fos después de la IPP. Encontramos que la baja IPP se asocia con baja actividad del CPFm en ratas Romanas y HS y con un aumento de actividad en el NAc en ratas HS. La baja IPP se asocia también con una disminución del volumen cerebral del CPFm e HPC en ratas Romanas y HS. Además, mediante el uso de inmunofluorescencia después de la IPP, encontramos un menor porcentaje de actividad de interneuronas inhibitorias GABAérgicas de tipo parvalbúmina en el CPFm en ratas RHA que en RLA. Respecto a la administración de oxitocina, ésta aumentó la IPP en ratas HS y RHA, mientras que no afectó la IPP en las RLA. De acuerdo con el efecto diferencial de la oxitocina sobre la IPP (RHA>RLA), los valores constitutivos de expresión del gen CD38 (regulador de la liberación de oxitocina) en el CPFm fueron más bajos en ratas RHA que en las RLA, mientras que la administración de oxitocina incrementó la expresión del gen del receptor de oxitocina (OXTR) en ambas cepas. Esta Tesis Doctoral muestra un patrón consistente de alteraciones conductuales y neurobiológicas en ratas HS-baja-IPP y RHA que incrementa su validez aparente, de constructo y predictiva como animales modelo de características relacionadas con la esquizofrenia. Nuestros resultados apoyan la idea de que el filtraje sensoriomotor está modulado por estructuras cerebrales superiores (CPFm) y el balance cortical E-I.
Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder that involves several cognitive symptoms, including sensorimotor gating impairments. Sensorimotor gating can be measured via prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response, in which the magnitude of a startle stimulus is attenuated by the presence of a pre-stimulus of lower intensity. Rodent studies evaluating the impact of brain-site specific manipulations on PPI have been very useful to provide insights into this basic schizophrenia-like deficiency. These studies show that PPI deficits are frequently accompanied by other symptoms, including psychomotor agitation, as well as alterations in the cortico-striatal-pallido-thalamic (CSPT) circuit. In particular, treatments that increase or decrease the activity of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus (HPC), or nucleus accumbens (NAc) reduce PPI. In this context, a dysfunctional cortical excitatory-inhibitory balance has been proposed as the main neural substrate for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. Moreover, these studies show that PPI deficits can be improved by several antipsychotic drugs, including the neuropeptide oxytocin, which has been suggested as an alternative natural antipsychotic. In contrast to these rodent studies, human studies evaluate the association between natural behavioral differences (diagnosis, symptoms) and neural changes. Thus, in this Doctoral Dissertation, we aimed to contribute to bridge the gap between human and rodent studies by exploring whether spontaneous deficits in PPI in intact inbred and outbred rats are (i) associated with divergences in other schizophrenia-related behaviors, (ii) related to functional and structural differences in the CSPT circuit, and (iii) attenuated by oxytocin. Our subjects of study were the inbred Roman high-avoidance (RHA) and Low-avoidance (RLA) rats, and the outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats. RHA rats show lower PPI than RLAs, while HS rats were stratified in sub-groups according to their PPI levels. The present experiments also aimed to provide further face, construct, and predictive validity to our animal models of schizophrenia-relevant symptoms (RHA and HS Low-PPI rats). Regarding behavioral associations, our results show that increased exploration in response to novelty is associated with deficient PPI in HS and Roman rats. Moreover, a high anxious profile was found in rats with increased PPI, while no associations were seen with compulsive-like behavior. In relation to brain structural and functional associations with PPI, we combined structural magnetic resonance imaging and c-Fos expression after PPI in both HS and Roman rats. Our results indicate that lower PPI is associated with decreased mPFC activity in both Roman and HS rats and with increased NAc shell activity in HS rats. Reduced PPI is also associated with decreased mPFC and HPC volumes in Roman and HS rats. Additionally, using immunofluorescence after PPI, we observed a lower percentage of active inhibitory GABAergic parvalbumin interneurons in RHA than RLA rats. Regarding oxytocin administration, we found that oxytocin increased PPI in HS rats, attenuated PPI deficits in RHA rats, and did not affect PPI in RLAs. Consistent with the differential oxytocin effects on PPI (RHA>RLA), constitutive CD38 gen expression (regulator of oxytocin release) was reduced in the mPFC of RHA rats compared to the RLAs, while oxytocin administration increased oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gen expression in both strains. This Doctoral Dissertation shows a consistent pattern of behavioral and neurobiological abnormalities in the HS-Low-PPI rats and RHA rats that increases the face, construct, and predictive validity of these rats as models of schizophrenia-related features. Importantly, our results support the idea that sensorimotor gating is modulated by forebrain structures and highlight the relevance of the mPFC and the cortical excitatory-inhibitory balance in its regulation.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Neurociències
Natali, Luiz Henrique. "Estudo do barorreflexo no final da prenhez de ratas espontaneamente hipertensas (SHR) /." Araçatuba, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143501.
Full textBanca: Sandra Helena Penha de Oliveira
Banca: Roberta Okamoto
Banca: Gisele Zoccal Mingoti
Resumo: A hipertensão arterial é frequentemente associada à prejudicada sensibilidade do barorreflexo (SBR). Em ratas espontaneamente hipertensas (SHR), a gravidez reduz a pressão sanguínea, e este efeito tem sido associado ao aumento da biodisponibilidade de óxido nítrico (NO). O aumento da biodisponibilidade do NO tem sido associado a uma SBR restaurada em animais hipertensos. Por isso, testamos a hipótese de que a gravidez melhora a SBR em SHR. Foram realizados experimentos em ratas Wistar e SHR não prenhas (NP) e prenhas (P), sendo dez virgens e dez prenhas em cada grupo, para avaliar a modulação autonômica cardíaca e vasomotora, a SBR em condições basais (espontânea) e após a administração de doses de fenilefrina (FE) e nitroprussiato de sódio (NPS). Séries temporais com valores de intervalo de pulso (IP) e de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) foram geradas e tiveram espectros calculados pela Transformada Rápida de Fourrier. Em seguida, os espectros foram integrados em bandas de baixa (LF) e alta freqüência (HF), e os poderes das bandas foram tomadas como índices de modulação autonômica cardiovascular. Observamos reduzida pressão arterial média em ratas Wistar prenhas (W-P) e SHR prenhas (SHR-P) quando comparado com ratas NP, no entanto, a frequência cardíaca basal não foi alterada. Em SHR-NP, a análise espectral revelou modulação autonômica cardiovascular alterada quando comparado com os outros grupos (banda de alta LF do espectro PAS e banda de alta HF dos espectros IP) ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Hypertension is frequently associated to impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), pregnancy reduces blood pressure, and this effect has been associated to increased nitric oxide (NO) availability. Increased NO bioavailability has been linked to improved BRS in hypertensive animals. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that pregnancy improves the BRS in SHR. Experiments were performed to evaluate the vasomotor and cardiac autonomic modulation, and the BRS at baseline conditions (spontaneous) and after phenylephrine (PE) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) administrations in female non-pregnant (NP) and pregnant (P) Wistar rats and SHR. Time series with pulse interval (PI) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) values were generated and had spectra calculated by Fast Fourier Transform. Next, spectra were integrated into low (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands, and the powers of the bands were taken as indexes of cardiovascular autonomic modulation. Reduced mean arterial pressure was observed in Wistar pregnant (W-P) and SHR pregnant (SHR-P) when compared to NP matched rats, however the heart rate was not altered. In SHR-NP, spectral analysis revealed altered cardiovascular autonomic modulation when compared to the other groups (high LF band of the SAP spectra and high HF band of the PI spectra). However, in SHR-P the autonomic parameters were found similar to those observed in Wistar-NP, suggesting that pregnancy prevented changes in autonomic ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Pepineli, Rafael. "Avaliação do potencial papel imunomodulador de células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas de tecido adiposo, no modelo experimental de transplante renal em ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-06042018-120932/.
Full textStudies involving mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have aroused great interest due to their promising therapeutic potential representing an alternative for the treatment of several pathologies in different organs, including renal transplantation. Chronic rejection is one of the major challenges in late transplantation and is characterized by progressive loss of renal function caused by intense fibrogenesis in the allograft. Conventional immunosuppressive treatments, while significantly reducing acute rejection crises, do not interfere with long-term graft survival. Animal model of kidney transplantation can provide a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes and bring a new path to treat chronic rejection. The aim of this project was to analyze the therapy with mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ADMSCs) in the experimental model of kidney transplantation in rats, focus on chronic rejection and evaluate its potential immunomodulatory effect. The model was established with rats of isogenic strains Fisher (donor) and Lewis (recipient), and the transplanted animals were divided into three groups: ISO (isogenic transplantation from Lewis to Lewis, n = 6), ALO (allogenic transplant from Fisher to Lewis, n = 6) and ALO + ADMSCs (allogenic transplantation, treated with ADMSCs, n = 6). ADMSCs were characterized by adhesion to plastic, differentiation in adipogenic, condrogenic and osteogenic lines and by flow cytometry. One million of cells were inoculated under the renal capsule on the day of the right unilateral nephrectomy (10 days after transplantation). After 6 months, clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed, as well as histological analysis, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. ADMSCs were effective in preventing elevation of serum urea and creatinine, elevation of the Na + and K + excretion fraction as well as maintained creatinine clearence at normal levels. Furthermore, the treatment also prevented the development of proteinuria and preserved blood pressure. Histological analysis showed a significant reduction of macrophages and T cells infiltrate, associated to a decreased of interstitial fibrosis in the ALO + ADMSCs group. In the presence of ADMSCs, there was a significant decrease in the relative expression of INF-y, TNF-alpha, IL1beta and IL-6 factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as a significant increase in the relative expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines as IL-4 and IL-10. In conclusion, treatment with ADMSC in a transplantation model could open a new approach to control chronic rejection. This apparent modulation of the immune response may be associated with a possible polarization of macrophages and T cells. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies are needed to confirm our findings
Jumbo, McDonald Bright. "Comparison of conventional, modified single seed descent, and doubled haploid breeding methods for maize inbred line development using GEM breeding crosses." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 118 p, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1992441961&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textViel, Émilie 1975. "Inflammatory responses in the vascular wall are up-regulated in hypertension and contribute to cardiovascular disease." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115884.
Full textObjectives of this thesis were 1) to investigate the role of T cells in development of vascular inflammation observed in genetically hypertensive rats, 2) to identify vascular sources of reactive oxygen species production in mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension and 3) to study the effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma activators on vascular pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in Ang II-induced hypertension.
The first study that is part of this thesis shows that the transfer of chromosome 2 from normotensive to hypertensive rats reduces plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, expression of adhesion molecules and infiltration of T cells in aorta as well as resulting in lower blood pressure levels. These effects are accompanied by increased regulatory T cell mediators. We discovered that regulatory T cells are regulated by chromosome 2 and may be responsible for reducing inflammatory responses in hypertensive rats.
The second study of this thesis demonstrates in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats that superoxide (·O2-) production originates in part from xanthine oxidase activity induced by the ET-1 system and from mitochondrial sources, particularly complex II of the respiratory chain. We thus have uncovered two sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can stimulate inflammatory responses in hypertension, since vascular ·O 2- production in this model was shown to induce vascular inflammation.
The third study of the thesis shows that activators of PPAR-gamma reduce blood pressure levels and signaling pathways including Akt/PKB, SHIP2, ERK1/2, 4E-BP1 in aorta and resistance arteries in Ang II-induced hypertension. PPARy acts as an anti-inflammatory transcription factor, and the present study suggests that Ang II down-regulates PPAR-gamma activity to exert its pro-inflammatory effects.
In conclusion, by targeting inflammatory mediators, it may be possible to reduce blood pressure levels in hypertensive animals. This suggests that inflammatory responses may play a crucial role in development of high blood pressure.
Elias, Gracieli Prado [UNESP]. "Efeito da hipertensão e do atenolol sobre a atividade salivar e a microdureza dental: estudo experimental em filhotes de ratas espontaneamente hipertensas (SHR)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104235.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade das glândulas salivares, a mineralização dental e a participação da metaloproteinase de matriz (MMP-9) nesta mineralização em filhotes de ratas espontaneamente hipertensas (SHR) tratadas ou não com atenolol. Ratas SHR e normotensas Wistar foram tratadas com atenolol (100mg/Kg/dia, via oral) durante os períodos de prenhez e lactação. Os grupos controle receberam o mesmo volume de água sem atenolol. O fluxo salivar, induzido por nitrato de pilocarpina, a concentração de proteínas (método de Lowry), a atividade da amilase (método cinético a 405 nm), o peso das glândulas salivares (parótidas, submandibulares e sublinguais), a microdureza do esmalte e da dentina de incisivos e molares e a expressão da MMP-9 (imonuperoxidase) no tecido dental foram comparados entre filhotes de ratas SHR e Wistar tratadas ou não com atenolol. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste estatístico mais adequado, paramétrico (ANOVA ou test t de Student’s) ou não paramétrico (Kruskal-Wallis), sendo consideradas significativas as diferenças quando p<0,05. Filhotes SHR apresentaram menor fluxo salivar e concentração de proteínas do que filhotes Wistar, mas a atividade da amilase não foi diferente entre os grupos. O peso das glândulas salivares foi semelhante entre filhotes SHR e Wistar...
The objective of the present study was analyzed the salivary activity, the dental mineralization and the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) on this mineralization, in pups (30 days) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated, or not treated, with atenolol. Female SHR and normotensive Wistar rats were treated during pregnancy and lactation periods with Atenolol 100mg/Kg/day by oral administration. For the control group, the animals received the same water volume without the drug. The salivary flow rate (stimulated by pilocarpine injection), the protein concentration (Lowry method), salivary amylase activity (kinetic method at 405 nm), the weight of salivary glands (parotid, submandibular and sublingual), the enamel and dentin microhardness of incisors and molars teeth and the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, gelatinase B) localization (imunoperoxidase) in dental tissue were compared between SHR and Wistar pups of female rats treated or not with atenolol. The results were analyzed by parametric (ANOVA or Student s tests) or non-parametric (Kruskal-Wallis) tests (p<0,05). The salivary flow rate and salivary protein concentration were reduced in SHR pups. There was no alteration in amylase activity between groups. The salivary glands weight was not different between SHR and Wistar pups either. Decreased enamel and dentin microhardness were observed in incisors and molar teeth of SHR pups. No alterations in MMP-9 positive staining were observed in predentin and odontoblasts of both groups, however the density of stained ameloblasts cells and external enamel surface were higher in incisors teeth of SHR pups. Atenolol-treated SHR and Wistar rats pups showed decrease in submandibular gland weight, in saliva s flow rate and protein concentration, but no alteration in amylase activity. Atenolol increased enamel and dentin microhardness of incisors teeth of SHR and...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Silva, Vinícius Rodrigues 1982. "Efeito da atividade física aeróbica programada sobre a pressão arterial, expressão da via NFkB e da HSP 70 em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos = Effect of physical activity program in aerobic blood pressure and expression in NFkB pathway and HSP 70 in spontaneously hypertensive rats." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309928.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: O treinamento físico progressivo deve ser considerado uma escolha terapêutica valiosa em portadores de doenças cardiovasculares, incluindo hipertensão arterial. Assim sendo o objetivo deste trabalho foi averiguar os efeitos da atividade física programada, com diferentes intensidades e duração do treinamento, sobre a pressão arterial sistêmica, o manuseio tubular renal de sódio e filtração glomerular, a manipulação renal de sódio e a expressão de proteínas da via inflamatório: TNF-R1, p-I?B, NF?B e a proteína do choque térmico HSP-70 em tecido renal e ventricular esquerdo de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) e Wistar Kyoto (WKY) Métodos: Os ratos de ambas as linhagens realizaram atividade física em meio aquoso termoneutro, sendo as duas primeiras semanas compostas por treinamento adaptivo à água e as 4 semanas seguinte compostas por treinamento incremental utilizando chumbo como peso extracorpóreo. Foram semanalmente mensurados o peso corporal e lactato sanguíneo (reação de colorimetria) em ambas as linhagens e em todos os grupos experimentais, após 4 e 6 semanas de treinamento foram analisadas a função renal (mensuração de creatinina, sódio, lítio e potássio), ensaio da atividade da citrato síntese (reação de colorimetrial), determinação da hipertrofia cardíaca (determinação do índice de hipertrofia cardíaca), análise dos valores de pressão arterial sistêmica (pletismografia) western blot de tecido renal e ventricular esquerdo e imunohistoquímica de tecido renal. Os dados foram analisados utilizando teste ANOVA para análise dos valores de massa corporal e teste t student para as demais variáveis. Resultados: Os dados de lactato sanguíneo não ultrapassaram 5,5 mmol/L em nenhuma semana de treinamento em ambas as linhagens caracterizando treinamento de predominância aeróbia, os valores de lactato sanguíneo comprovaram a eficiência do exercício físico propostos sendo maiores nos grupos treinados de ambas as linhas pós 6 semanas de treinamento, o estudo mostraram também que a pressão arterial foi reduzida significativamente em ratos SHRT vs. SHRS após 4 e 6 semanas de treinamento 180, 6 '+ ou -' 4,3 mmHg em SHRS para 126,2 '+ ou -' 2,2 mmHg em SHRT (P <0,05). Além disso, os dados da filtração glomerular bem como o manuseio tubular renal de sódio nos apontam um aumento da excreção de sódio urinário em ratos fracionada SHRT de 0,2 '+ ou -' 0,07-, 8 '+ ou -' 0,03% (P <0, 001) em comparação com SHRS, apesar de uma depuração da creatinina inalterada. Este FENa aumentou consistentemente em SHRT foi acompanhado por um aumento significativo da excreção de sódio proximal e pós-proximal (de 4,0 '+ ou -' 0,9-2,3 '+ ou -' 0,9%, respectivamente (P <0,01). Esta excreção de sódio melhorada fracionada no longo prazo SHR foi treinada seguida por um aumento significativo na FEK de 0,2 '+ ou -' 0,03-0,5 '+ ou -' 0,02%, quando comparado com animais de SHRs (P <0,009), com relação aos dados referentes à via inflamatória, observamos menor expressão de NF?B em ratos SHRT vs. SHRS após 4 semanas de treinamento e uma tendência à manutenção dessa menor expressão após 6 semanas, além de verificarmos uma expressão significativa maior em SHRT vs. SHRS de HSP 70 após a sexta semana de treinamento. Conclusão: O presente estudo pode indicar que, no rim, em longo prazo de exercício exerce um efeito modulador sobre tubular excreção de sódio. Na verdade, o estudo indica uma associação de natriurese aumentar com a queda nos níveis de pressão arterial, observadas em SHRT, em comparação com ratos de mesma faixa etária SHRS, além de promover aumento da expressão de HSP 70 e uma tendência a diminuição do processo inflamatório
Abstract: Aims: Progressive exercise training should be considered a valuable therapeutic choice in cardiovascular disease including arterial hypertension. Since the long-term changes in renal sodium tubule handling are associated with SHR hypertensive development, we hypothesize that aerobic exercise (plasma lactate levels smaller than 5.5 mmol/L/100 g body mass) and increased citrate synthase activity) training may cause an enhancement in urinary sodium excretion associated with blood pressure fall in conscious, trained Okamoto-Aoki rats (SHRT) compared with appropriate age-matched sedentary SHR (SHRS). To test this hypothesis, we study the tubular sodium handling, evaluated by lithium clearance, in conscious SHRT, compared with their appropriate controls (SHRS). Methods: To evaluate the influence of exercise training compared with sedentary rats on estimate renal function we used creatinine and lithium clearance methods. The exercise training was carried out according to a protocol consisting of graded swim-training exercises, with progressive increments of overload using weights attached to the animals' tails. Data obtained over time were analyzed using appropriate ANOVA and Student t test. Results: Regarding the effects of long-term aerobic, the current study demonstrated that increased blood pressure in SHR was blunted and significantly reduced by long-term swim training between the ages of 6-wks and 12-wks old from systolic blood pressure averaged 150,6'+ or -' 4,3 mmHg in SHRS to 126,2'+ or -'2,2 mmHg in SHRT (P<0,05). Additionally, the investigation observed an increased fractional urinary sodium excretion in SHRT rats from 0.2 '+ or -' 0.07 to 0.8 '+ or -' 0.03% (P<0.001) compared to SHRS, despite a unchanged creatinine clearance. This consistently increased FENa in SHRT was accompanied by a significant enhancement in proximal and post-proximal sodium excretion (from 4.0 '+ or -' 0.9 to 2.3 '+ or -' 0.9 %, respectively (P<0.01).This enhanced fractional sodium excretion in long-term trained SHR was followed by a significant increase in FEK from 0.2 '+ or -' 0.03 to 0.5 '+ or -' 0.02% when compared with SHRS animals (P<0.009). Conclusion: The present study may indicate that, in the kidney, long-term exercise exerts a modulating effect on tubular sodium excretion with unchanged glomerular filtration rate. In fact, the present study indicates an association of increasing natriuresis with the fall in blood pressure levels observed in SHRT, compared with age-matched SHRS rats
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Médica
Mestre em Ciências
Hu, Wei. "Genomic determinants of alcohol effects /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1545571871&sid=1&Fmt=6&clientId=18952&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textTypescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-149). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
Paredes, Daniel A. "The role of norepinephrine in learning : cerebellar motor learning in rats." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001922.
Full textPicco, Daniele de Cássia Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Efeito do tratamento crônico com fluoreto na atividade salivar, ossos e dentes de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95450.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Em pesquisa anterior, verificamos que ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) apresentam menor fluxo salivar estimulado que ratos normotensos Wistar, o que poderia levar ao maior índice de doença cárie nestes animais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento crônico com fluoreto de sódio (NaF) nos parâmetros bioquímicos da saliva e plasma, nos ossos e na mineralização de dentes incisivos de SHR. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar e SHR aos 3 meses de vida. O tratamento foi feito com solução de NaF (20 ppm) por 30 dias, na água de beber. A medida da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) foi realizada pelo método indireto de pletismografia de cauda. Para a coleta da saliva, o fluxo salivar foi estimulado com nitrato de pilocarpina e os animais foram colocados em prancha inclinada e a saliva coletada por 15 minutos. As concentrações salivares e plasmáticas de fluoreto foram determinadas com eletrodos específicos e as de cálcio utilizando um kit comercial específico. A determinação da concentração de proteínas totais foi realizada pelo método de Lowry e a atividade da amilase salivar utilizando kit comercial. A análise de flúor na superfície do fêmur foi feita pelo método direto e a análise no fêmur pelo método de Taves. A microdureza dos dentes incisivos foi determinada utilizando microdurômetro com penetrador tipo Knoop. Os resultados foram avaliados e a diferença estatística foi considerada quando p<0,05. A PAS e o peso dos animais não foram alterados pelo tratamento. O reduzido fluxo salivar de SHR apresentou-se aumentado em SHR tratados. A concentração de flúor na saliva e plasma aumentou com o tratamento em ratos Wistar, no entanto em SHR este aumento foi observado apenas no plasma. Apesar do aumento no fluxo...
In previous research we found that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have lower stimulated salivary flow than normotensive Wistar, which could lead to a higher rate of caries in these animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic treatment with sodium fluoride (NaF) in the biochemical parameters of saliva and plasma, bone and mineralization in incisor teeth of SHR. Were used SHR and Wistar rats at 3 months of life. The treatment was made with NaF solution (20 ppm) for 30 days in drinking water. The measurement of systolic blood pressure (SBP) was performed by the indirect method of tail plethysmography. To collect saliva, salivary flow was stimulated with pilocarpine nitrate and the animals were placed on an inclined board and saliva collected for 15 minutes. Salivary and plasma concentrations of fluoride were determined with specific electrodes and calcium using a specific commercial kit. The determination of total protein concentration was performed by the method of Lowry and salivary amylase activity using a commercial kit. The analysis of fluoride on the surface of the femur was made by the direct method and analysis in the femur by the method of Taves. The microhardness of incisors was determined using Knoop microhardness with indenter type. The results were evaluated and differences were considered when p <0.05. The SBP and the weight of the animals were not affected by treatment. The reduced salivary flow in SHR were enlarged in treated SHR. The fluoride concentration in saliva and plasma increased with treatment in Wistar rats, however, in SHR the increase was only observed in plasma. Despite the increase in salivary flow that occurs after treatment with NaF, the concentration of fluoride in saliva is not altered in SHR. The calcium concentration decreased in saliva and plasma in SHR group after treatment, what ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Tobias, Kátia Regina Coimbra [UNESP]. "Imunomarcação para TRAP em tecido de reparação óssea de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) tratados com Atenolol." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149825.
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Introdução: A hipertensão arterial tem sido um dos maiores problemas de saúde no mundo, com grandes alterações para as doenças cardiovasculares e renais. O tecido ósseo tem função importante no suporte, proteção e locomoção e está sob o controle de fatores sistêmicos como hormônios e fatores locais, entre eles os fatores de crescimento e citocinas. A Fosfatase Ácida Tartarato Resistente (TRAP) é uma enzima que faz parte da família das fosfatases ácidas e apresenta localização intracelular; mais especificamente dentro do compartimento lisossomal de osteoclasto, macrófagos e células dendríticas, tem sido utilizada como um marcador histoquímico da atividade osteoclástica. Objetivos: Avaliar a expressão da proteína TRAP em alvéolos dentários de ratos hipertensos (SHR) e normotensos tratados ou não com atenolol. Métodos: Neste estudo foram utilizados 4 grupos de ratos sendo: 1) W (wistar sem tratamento), 2) WT (wistar tratado com atenolol), 3) S (SHR sem tratamento) e 4) ST (SHR tratado com atenolol), submetidos a exodontia do incisivo superior direito, com eutanásia no 7º, 14º, 21 e 28º dia pós-operatório. A análise dos mecanismos biológicos envolvidos no processo de reparo alveolar foi obtida pela análise da expressão de proteínas TRAP por meio da técnica de imunoistoquímica. Os resultados foram analisados pela média e erro padrão da média e aplicado o teste paramétrico ANOVA, com pos-test de Tukey para avaliar os períodos dentro de cada grupo e entre os grupos, sendo consideradas as diferenças significativas quando p<0,05. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que a marcação TRAP aumenta em alvéolo dentais de ratos Wistar durante todos os períodos pós – operatórios. A marcação TRAP aumenta apenas ao 14o nos dias de reparação alveolar em alvéolo dental de SHR não tratados. O atenolol não altera o processo de reparo alveolar em ratos Wistar, porém o atenolol promoveu a redução da marcação de TRAP em SHR ao 14º dia. Conclusão: A hipertensão aumenta a expressão da proteína TRAP no 14o dia pós-cirúrgico de reparação alveolar e o atenolol promove redução da marcação aumentada de TRAP ao 14º dia pós-cirúrgico em alvéolos de SHR.
Introduction: Arterial hypertension has been one of the world’s biggest health problems, with considerable alterations for cardiovascular and renal diseases. The bone tissue has an important role in support, protection and locomotion and is controlled by systemic factors like hormones and local factors, such as growth factors and cytokines. The Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) is an enzyme that belongs to the Acid Phosphatases family and has an intracellular location, more specifically inside the lysosomal compartment of osteoclasts, macrophages and dendritic cells. It has been used as a histochemical marker of the osteoclast activity. Objectives: Evaluate TRAP protein’s expression in the dental alveoli of normotensive and hypertensive rats (SHR) treated or not treated with Atenolol. Methods: In this study, four groups of rats were used: 1) W (with no treatment), 2) WT (wistar treated with Atenolol), 3) S (SHR without treatment) and 4) ST (SHR treated with Atenolol), all of which underwent exodontia of the upper right incisor with euthanasia on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after the operation. The analysis of the biological mechanisms involved in the process of alveolar repair was obtained by the expression of TRAP proteins in the alveolar process through an immunohistochemistry technique. The results were analyzed through the average and its standard error. The parametric test ANOVA was applied with Tukey’s post-test were applied to evaluate the periods within each group and between the groups, considering the significant differences when p< 0,05. Results: The results demonstrated that TRAP staining increases in the dental alveoli of Wistar rats during all the post-surgical periods. TRAP staining increases only on the 14th day of alveolar recovery in the dental alveoli of non-treated SHR. Atenolol does not change the process of alveolar repair in Wistar rats, but Atenolol promoted the reduction of TRAP staining among SHR on the 14th day. Conclusion: Hypertension increases the expression of TRAP proteins on the 14th alveolar recovery postsurgical day and Atenolol promotes the reduction of the increased TRAP staining on the 14th postsurgical day in SHR’s alveoli.
Cursino, Natalia Manrique [UNESP]. "Avaliação do efeito do atenolol no processo de reparo alveolar em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95469.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A hipertensao arterial representa um fator de risco sistemico e condicao desfavoravel para tratamentos dentarios, especialmente aqueles que necessitam de reparacao ossea. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o reparo alveolar em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) e o efeito do atenolol sobre este processo. Wistar e SHR tratados ou nao com 100mg/kg/dia (atenolol), foram submetidos a extracao do dente incisivo superior direito e sacrificados aos 7, 14, 21, 28 e 42 dias apos a cirurgia. As hemi-maxilas foram removidas e as imagens radiograficas foram realizadas. A analise radiografica foi obtida por meio do sistema digital Digora. Analises histologicas, histomorfometricas e reacoes imunoistoquimicas foram feitas em cortes histologicos de 5ƒÊm de espessura, os quais foram corados com hematoxilina-eosina ou submetidos a imunomarcacao para RANK, RANKL, OPG e proteinas MMP-9. A analise histologica foi realizada por microscopia optica e a analise histomorfometrica pelo software RGB / Leica Qwin Color. Os resultados densitometricos e histomorfometricos foram analisados pela Anova two-way. Na analise imunoistoquimica, utilizando um microscopio optico, foram atribuidos scores as imagens. Os resultados foram analisados pelos testes estatisticos Kruskal-Wallis e Mann Whitney. As diferencas entre os resultados foram consideradas significativas quando p<0,05. Reducao da densidade mineral ossea (DMO), menor porcentagem de osso e menor espessura do trabeculado osseo foram observadas nos periodos finais do reparo alveolar em SHR. Aumento da imunomarcacao para RANKL, RANK e MMP-9 foi observado em 28 dias apos a cirurgia no alveolo em SHR. Consistente efeito do atenolol foi observado no reparo alveolar de ratos hipertensos. O atenolol aumentou a DMO observada na maioria dos periodos analisados e aumentou a espessura do trabeculado...
Hypertension represents a systemic risk factor and unfavorable condition for dental treatments, especially treatments that require bone healing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the alveolar wound healing in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the atenolol effect on this process. Normotensive Wistar rats and SHR, untreated or treated with atenolol (100mg/kg/day), were submitted to the extraction of the upper right incisive tooth and sacrificed at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days after surgery. The hemi-jaws were extracted and the radiographic images were obtained. Radiographic analysis was performed by using the digital system Digora. Histological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical reactions were done in histological sections, 5 μm thick, stained with hematoxylin and eosin or subjected to immunolabeling to RANK, RANKL, OPG and MMP-9 proteins. Histological analysis was performed by light microscopy and histomorphometric analysis by Leica Qwin Color/RGB software. The densitometric and histomorphometric results were also analyzed by two-way ANOVA. In immunohistochemical analysis, using an optical microscopy, scores were assigned to the images. Results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney statistical tests. Differences between results were considered significant when p <0.05. Reduced bone mineral density (BMD), lower bone percentage and less thickness of trabecular bone was observed in the final periods of alveolar bone healing in SHR. Increased RANKL, RANK and MMP-9 immunolabeling were observed at 28 days after surgery in SHR alveolus. Consistent atenolol effect was observed on alveolar bone healing of hypertensive rats. Atenolol increased the BMD observed in most of the periods analyzed and increased trabecular bone thickness at 28 and 42 days in SHR alveolus. Increased OPG immunolabeling... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Valenti, Vitor Engrácia [UNIFESP]. "Caracterização dos efeitos da exposição aos componentes do cigarro sobre o controle neural do sistema cardiovascular em ratos normotensos e ratos espontaneamente hipertensos." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9177.
Full textObjetivos: avaliar os efeitos da fumaça lateral de cigarro (FLC) sobre o controle neural do sistema cardiovascular em ratos normotensos e ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR). Método: ratos Wistar, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) e SHR foram expostos à FLC durante três semanas, cinco dias por semana, 180 minutos por dia numa concentração de monóxido de carbono entre 100 e 300 ppm. Barorreflexo foi estimulado por uma dose vasodepressora de nitroprussiato de sódio (NPNa, 50Og/kg, i.v.) e uma dose pressora de fenilefrina (PE, 8Og/kg , i.v.). Para avaliar os efeitos da inibição da catalase no quarto ventrículo cerebral (4ºV) sobre as respostas cardiovasculares, foi injetado o inibidor de catalase 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ, 0,01Og/100OL). Resultados: nos ratos Wistar expostos à FLC, foi observado que a inibição da catalase causou respostas mais intensas quanto a FC basal e ao pico bradicárdico. A inibição da catalase afetou de maneira mais intensa a FC basal e o pico bradicárdico, nos ratos WKY expostos à FLC. Por outro lado, nos animais SHR a exposição à FLC afetou o pico taquicárdico após inibição central de catalase de maneira mais intensa. Conclusão: a exposição à FLC altera os componentes simpáticos do barorreflexo em ratos WKY e SHR, além de causar respostas cardiovasculares mais intensas perante a inibição de catalase no 4ºV em ratos Wistar e WKY.
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of sidestream cigarette smoke (SSCS) on neural control of cardiovascular system in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Method: Wistar, Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR were exposed to SSCS for three weeks, five days per week, 180 minutes per day at a concentration of carbon monoxide between 100 and 300 ppm. Baroreflex was stimulated with a vasodepressor dose of sodium nitroprusside (NPNa, 50ìg/kg, iv) and with a pressor dose of phenylephrine (PE, 8ìg/kg, iv). In order to evaluate the effects of catalase inhibition into the fourth cerebral ventricle (4th V) on cardiovascular responses, we injected the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ, ìg/100ìL 0.01). Results: It was observed in Wistar rats exposed to SSCS that catalase inhibition caused more intense responses on basal HR and bradycardic peak. Central catalase inhibition affected in a higher intensity baseline HR and bradycardic peak WKY rats exposed to SSCS. On the other hand, in SHR SSCS exposure affected the tachycardic peak after central inhibition of catalase in a higher intensuty. Conclusion: Exposure to SSCS alters the sympathetic component of the baroreflex in WKY and SHR and caused more severe cardiovascular responses to catalase inhibition into the 4th V in Wistar and WKY rats.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Santos, Marcos Oliveira. "Efeito da administração de hormônio do crescimento (GH) com e sem atividade física na bioquímica sérica, no peso corporal, e no peso dos órgãos de ratas Wistar." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2013. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/277.
Full textThe goal of this project was to verify the effect of the administration of GH associated or not associated to physical activity in the serum biochemistry, body weight and in the weight of Wistar rats organs. In the present research, 40 rats were used, 9 years old, divided in four groups (n=10): CT (control group without physical activity and without administration of GH), GH (group without physical activity and with administration of GH), Ex (group with physical activity and without administration of GH), ExGH (group with physical activity and administration of GH). After 30 days, the serum biochemistry, the animals weight, organs weight, length and abdominal circumference were measured. The variables were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey test. There was no statistical difference in the gain of weight and in the growth of the animals among the different groups. There was a greater gain of abdominal circumference in the ExGH group compared to the GH group, but there was no difference in the retro abdominal fat weight. Renal weight was only different in the GH group, it was greater than Ex and ExGH (p<0.05). Regarding serum biochemistry, the ExGH group presented lower urea rates than the other groups (p<0.05), and the Ex group presented a higher dosage of alkaline phosphatase, statistically differing from the other groups. In conclusion, the use of GH in the 0.2 UI/Kg dosage per month associated or not to the practice of physical activity doesn t alter the body weight or the overall length of the female animals. The use of GH not associated to physical activity leads to an increase of the renal weight. The use of GH combined with physical activity decreases the serum urea, without altering creatinine. Physical activity without the administration of GH increases the alkaline phosphatase.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da administração do GH associado ou não à atividade física na bioquímica sérica, peso corporal e no peso dos órgãos de ratas Wistar. Na presente pesquisa foram utilizadas 40 ratas, com 9 semanas de idade, divididas em quatro grupos (n=10): CT (grupo controle sem atividade física e sem administrar GH), GH (grupo sem atividade física e com administração de GH), Ex (grupo com atividade física e sem administração de GH) e ExGH (grupo com atividade física e com administração de GH). Após 30 dias, a bioquímica sérica, o peso dos animais, peso dos órgãos e comprimento e circunferência abdominal foram mensurados. As variáveis foram submetidas ao teste análise de variância (ANOVA), seguida do teste de Tukey. Não houve diferença estatística no ganho de peso e no crescimento dos animais entre os diferentes grupos. Houve um maior ganho de circunferência abdominal no grupo ExGH comparado ao grupo GH, porém não houve diferença no peso da gordura retroabdominal. Somente houve diferença no peso renal do grupo GH que foi maior que Ex e ExGH (p<0.05). Com relação à bioquímica sérica, o grupo ExGH apresentou menor valor de ureia (p<0.05) que os demais grupos e o grupo Ex apresentou maior dosagem de fosfatase alcalina diferindo estatisticamente dos demais grupos. Conclui-se que a utilização de GH na dosagem de 0,2UI/Kg por um mês associado ou não à prática de atividade física não altera o peso corporal, nem o comprimento total dos animais. O uso do GH sem a associação à atividade física leva a um aumento do peso renal. O uso do GH combinado à atividade física diminuiu a ureia sérica, sem alterar a creatinina. A atividade física sem a administração de GH aumenta a fosfatase alcalina.
Pereira, Claudia Cristina Alves. "Influência de dieta enteral suplementada com arginina e antioxidantes sobre a cicatrização cutânea experimental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5155/tde-16102014-094529/.
Full textIntroduction: Arginine and antioxidants are associated with functional enhancement of healing. Arginine and antioxidants supplemented enteral formulas have been used to revert nutritional deficits and to guarantee substrates to ideal healing. The possible mechanisms involved have not been totally elucidated. Objective: To examine the effect of enteral nutrition supplemented with arginine and antioxidants on cutaneous wound healing process in nourished and previously malnourished rats in morphological structural, biochemical and molecular analyses. Methods: Isogenic rats, male, adults, weighting 250 to 350 g, were divided in six groups. Three groups were maintained nourished with oral diet AIN-93 and three groups were submitted to malnutrition process for 14 days, with 12 to 15% of body weight loss. Nourished and previously malnourished groups were submitted to dorsal cutaneous wound and gastrostomy. The rats received oral diet, standard enteral diet or enteral diet supplemented with arginine and antioxidants through gastrostomy during 14 days post trauma (PT). The cutaneous wound area on day of trauma, 7th and 14th days post-trauma were calculated. At 7th and 14th day, histological variables (re-epithelization, inflammatory infiltrate, dermal recomposition and total collagen quantification) and myofibroblasts were analyzed at granulation tissue. Growth factors (TGF-beta, KGF, PDGF and VEGF) and collagens (type I and III) gene expression analyses were performed at samples from the granulation tissue. Results: Nourished rats showed higher contraction of cutaneous wound when compared with previously malnourished rats, on 7th and 14th days post trauma (PT) independent of different enteral diet administered through gastrostomy. On 14th day PT, nourished rats showed higher re-epithelization, inflammatory infiltrate intensity and dermal recomposition when compared to previously malnourished rats, independent of physiologic solution, standard enteral diet and supplemented enteral diet with arginine and antioxidants. Total collagen quantification and myofibroblasts semi-quantification, did not show any significant difference, independent of the enteral diet type, administered through gastrostomy in nourished and previously malnourished rats, at 7th and 14th days PT. Nourished rats showed higher levels of TGF-beta, KGF, collagen type I and III gene expression when compared to previously malnourished rats, independent of the enteral diet type administered through gastrostomy at the 7th day PT. Conclusions: 1- Adequate healing process occurs with the maintenance of nutritional status, independent of the feeding of a oral diet, standard enteral diet or supplemented enteral diet with arginine and antioxidants, 2- Previous malnutrition state slower re-epithelization, dermal recomposition and contraction, independent of refeeding with oral diet, standard enteral diet or supplemented enteral diet with arginine and antioxidants refeeding. 3- Previous malnutrition reduce the levels of growth factors gene expression involved on wound healing, independent of refeeding with oral diet, standard enteral diet or supplemented enteral diet with arginine and antioxidants after seven days post-trauma. 4- Previous malnutrition reduce the levels of collagens type I and III gene expression involved on wound healing, independent of refeeding with oral diet, standard enteral diet or supplemented enteral diet with arginine and antioxidants after seven days post-trauma
Sirvente, Raquel de Assis. "Avaliação da função ventricular sistólica e diastólica pelo ecocardiograma transesofágico e da capacidade funcional em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos submetidos à desnervação sino-aórtica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-13012012-085921/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: During the development of hypertension, sympathetic hyperactivity commonly seems to be related to the left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and baro and chemoreflexes impairment. However, right ventricle (RV) function has not been evaluated specially regarding the association of hypertension and baroreflex dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate noninvasively and invasively the biventricular myocardial function, the functional capacity, the baroreflex sensitivity and the cardiovascular autonomic control in Wistar (W) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) submitted or not to sinoaortic denervation (SAD). METHODS: Ten weeks after DSA, cardiac function was evaluated by the maximal exercise test (MET), by transthoracic (TT) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and the biventricular end diastolic pressures (EDP). Additionally, hemodynamic and autonomic functions were evaluated by the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) records, BP and HR variability and baroreflex sensitivity. The rats (n=32) were divided in 4 groups: 16 Wistar (W) with (n=8) or without SAD (n=8) and 16 SHR, with (n=8) or without SAD (n=8). RESULTS: Blood pressure and HR did not show any change between the groups SAD and without SAD, although, SHR showed higher BP levels in comparison to W. MET results showed that SHR had better functional capacity compared to SAD and SHRSAD (W: 1,16±0,3m/s, DSA: 0,9±0,15m/s, *SHR: 1,46±0,29m/s, SHR-DSA: 1,02±0,31, *p< 0.05 vs. SAD and SHRSAD). BP variability was increased in SHR groups compared to W. After SAD, BP variability increased in all groups compared to W (W: 15±29 mmHg2, *DSA: 49±27 mmHg2, *SHR: 60±29 mmHg2, *SHR-DSA: 137±76 mmHg2, *p<0.05 vs. W). Left ventricular concentric hypertrophy; segmental systolic dysfunction and global diastolic LV dysfunction; segmental and global systolic dysfunction, and global diastolic RV dysfunction; indirect signals of pulmonary arterial hypertension were shown by echocardiography, mostly evident in SHRSAD. The RV-EDP increased in all groups compared to W (W: 3±0.39mmHg, *SAD:4.7±0.52mmHg, *SHR: 6.6±1.1mmHg, *SHRSAD: 7.8±0.87mmHg, *p<0.05 vs. W), and the LV-EDP increased in SHR and SHRSAD groups compared to W, and in SHRSAD compared to SAD (W: 5,83±0,19 mmHg, SAD: 8.98±1.2 mmHg, *SHR: 12.51±4.73 mmHg, *#SHRSAD: 14.57±2.52 mmHg, *p<0.05 vs. W, #p<0.05 vs. DSA). There was a relation between invasive or noninvasive measurements of the RV showing good accuracy of echocardiographic measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that baroreflex dysfunction impaired biventricular function. Moreover, the findings of RV echocardiographic indices indicate that SAD may lead to increased pulmonary artery pressure, supporting a role for baroreflex dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the hypertensive cardiac disease
Teixeira, Samantha Kuwada. "Identificação e análise estrutural e funcional de genes candidatos do cromossomo 4 de ratos SHR que possam influenciar a hipertensão essencial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5166/tde-10052016-122534/.
Full textTotal genome scan in genetic models of complex diseases have been instrumental to select candidate genes underlying complex traits. We previously mapped 5 blood pressure related quantitative trait loci (BP-QTLs) that explain about 43% of the BP variance in a progeny derived from Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat (SHR) and Brown Norway (BN) rats. The BP-QTLs were then validated by derivation of congenic strains, including one for chromosome 4 (SHR.BN4) in which a segment from BN replaced the SHR sequences reducing basal systolic BP (~14 mm Hg). The aim of this project is to identify the candidate genetic variants within the chromosome interval based on differences in renal gene expression patterns and structural changes in both non-synonymous missense or within adjacent regulatory sequences that may contribute to hypertension. We identified 533 genes with renal expression, out of 682 in the interval, in which 28 presented differences in expression pattern in adult samples (congenic vs. SHR) and six presented non-synonymous missense alterations. In addition, 11 out of 28 differentially expressed genes showed structural alterations in adjacent conserved regions that potentially contribute to gene regulation. Taken together, using the proposed combination of strategies, we selected 34 hypertensive candidate genes in chromosome 4, in which 17 will be prioritized, to be further explored to assess their contribution to hypertension in the SHR and to essential hypertension in humans
Morrison, Alan R. "Poly(ADP)-Ribose Polymerase Activity in the Eukaryotic Mono-ADP-Ribosyl Transferase, ART2: a Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2003. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/126.
Full textAlexandre, Cristianne da Silva. "As células linhagem negativa (Lin) de medula óssea atenuam a progressão da doença renal crônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-10032008-150329/.
Full textProgressive renal failure continues to be a challenge. The use of bone marrowderived stem cells (SCs) represents a means of meeting that challenge. We used lineage-negative (Lin-) SCs to test the hypothesis that Lin- cell infusion decreases renal injury. Syngeneic Fischer 344 rats were submitted to 5/6 nephrectomy and divided into 3 groups: Nx (untreated); NxSC1 (receiving 2 × 106 Lin- cells on postnephrectomy day 15); and NxSC3 (receiving 2 × 106 Lin- cells on postnephrectomy days 15, 30 and 45). Controls were unoperated/untreated. On postnephrectomy day 60, clearance studies, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were performed. Lin- cell infusion effectively reduced postnephrectomy proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, anemia, renal infiltration of immune cells and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 protein expression, as well as decreasing the interstitial area. Immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen showed that, in comparison with controls, Nx rats presented greater cell proliferation, whereas NxSC1 rats and NxSC3 rats presented less cell proliferation than did Nx rats. Protein expression of p21 and VEGF increased after nephrectomy and decreased after Lin- cell infusion. Protein expression of eNOS reduced after nephrectomy and increased after cell infusion. These data suggest that SC treatment ameliorates progressive end-stage renal disease.
Farizatto, Karen Lisneiva Garcia. "Estudo da degradação da proteína Tau hiperfosforilada por vias independentes do proteassoma, em modelo experimental de neurodegeneração." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-09122014-133659/.
Full textNeurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer\'s, are associated to protein inclusions containing hyperphosphorylated Tau (p-Tau). It is well established that Tau dysfunction impairs cell homeostasis. A key mechanism to prevent and/or reduce the damage promoted by aggregates of Tau might be its degradation. In view of this, the aims of the present study are to evaluate p- Tau clearance following exogenous expression of Bag-2, which stimulates proteasome; as well as to analyze the activation of both lysosome and proteasome pathways in order to understand the crosstalk between these two systems in primary and organotypic cultures of rat hippocampus. Results showed that rotenone was able of increasing p-Tau that was prevented and degraded by Bag-2 overexpression. Mechanisms involved in this process involve the coordination of cell degradation systems, depending upon aggregation status, since Rab7 and Rab24 (involved in lysosomal pathway) were decreased before protein aggregation, while Rab24 increased in the presence of protein inclusions. Amyloid-beta peptide also increased p-Tau accompanied by decreased proteasome and lysosome activity. PADK (lysosomal activator) treatment reverted the inhibition promoted by amyloidbeta peptide. Inhibition of proteasome leads to activation of lysosome, but lysosome inhibition does not affect proteasome. Overall, results suggest that targeting degradation pathways might be useful to understand, prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein deposits
Crajoinas, Renato de Oliveira. "Regulação diferencial do trocador Na+/H+ NHE3 em túbulo proximal renal antes e após o desenvolvimento da hipertensão arterial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5166/tde-12032013-095424/.
Full textEssential hypertension is characterized by chronic elevation of blood pressure and represents the major risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. The kidney participates in the blood pressure control and intrinsic changes in renal sodium handling play an important role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. The renal proximal tubule is responsible for reabsorption of the great majority of sodium that is filtered by the glomerulus and the principal apical membrane mechanism for sodium reabsorption in this nephron is Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3)- mediated Na+/H+ exchange. However, conflicting data have been reported with regard to NHE3 modulation in experimental models of hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the possible functional changes of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 in the renal proximal tubule of SHR both at the pre-hypertensive (5 weeks) and at hypertensive (14 weeks) stages and to investigate whether these changes were accompanied by changes in the activity and/or expression of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Proximal tubule NHE3 activity was measured by means of stationary microperfusion. Bicarbonate reabsorption was found to be decreased by 62 ± 6 % (P < 0.001) in the transition from youth to adulthood in SHR (Y-SHR to A-SHR), whereas in the transition from Y-WKY to A-WKY it increased by 113 ± 10 % (P < 0.001). Stimulated NHE3 activity in Y-SHR was due to redistribution of NHE3 from intermicrovilar domain (IMV) to microvilar domain (MMV) and to a lower level of serine 552 phosphorylation, a consensus site for PKA. Conversely, during the hypertensive stage, decreased NHE3 activity was due to increased redistribution of NHE3 to the IMV domain and increased phosphorylation at serine 552. To test the hypothesis that the increased levels of NHE3 phosphorylation in the proximal tubule of adult SHR were due to increased PKA activity and/or decreased PP1 activity, it was evaluated both phosphorylation levels and activity of NHE3 in young and adult SHR in response to 6MB-cAMP (an cAMP analog that specifically activates PKA). Y-SHR showed an increase both in the phosphorylation levels at serine 552 (179 ± 14 %, P < 0.001) and in the inhibition of NHE3 transport activity (65 ± 10 %, P < 0.001) compared to Y-SHR in response to 6MB-cAMP. With respect to A-SHR, the phosphorylation of serine 552 was slightly increased (36 ± 4 %, P < 0.01) and NHE3 activity was mildly inhibited (23 ± 9 %, P < 0.05) in response to 6MB-cAMP. Additionally, PKA activity remained unchanged with both age and strain. Nevertheless, Y-SHR exhibited higher PP1 activity than A-SHR (1640 ± 107 vs. 940 ± 119 pM/?g, P < 0.01). Furthermore, PP1? expression was decreased in the renal cortex of A-SHR (32 ± 8 %, P < 0.01) compared to Y-SHR. Taken together, these data suggest that NHE3 is differentially regulated before and after development of hypertension in SHR by mechanisms involving post-translational modifications and subcellular distribution. Moreover, the differential regulation of proximal tubule NHE3 phosphorylation levels before and after development of hypertension in SHR is most likely due to changes on the activity and expression of PP1
Lawand, Miguel José. "Comportamento da pressão arterial nos ratos SHR e Wistar-Kyoto expostos ao pneumoperitônio prolongado: estudo experimental com uso do dióxido de carbono para insuflação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5132/tde-17122008-090833/.
Full textTo assess the effects of prolonged peritoneal cavity insufflation with carbon dioxide on the essential hypertension, a experimental study was designed using male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and male normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY). Thirty-four animals were used, 22 SHRs and 12 WKYs, where SHR rats were randomly assigned to groups G1 and G3. The first group (G1) with 12 animals SHRs and second group (G2) with 12 animals WKYs were exposed to pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide for 120 minutes, while the third group (G3) with 10 animals SHRs, had the peritoneal cavity insufflated, followed by puncture with trocarte and released the pneumoperitoneum. The animals of this group remained anesthetized and the abdomen punctured by 2 hours. Before making the pneumoperitoneum, right femoral artery and vein were dissected and cannulated. The artery was connected to the transducer pressure for the continuous recording of blood pressure (BP), after the initials blood samples: 0.2 ml for blood gases measurement and 0.8 ml for urea (U) and creatinine (Cr ). The femoral vein was used to volume expansion with 10 ml of saline solution after the initial sample of 1.0 ml arterial blood. Afterwards, a pnemoperitoneum insufflation and maintaining is done or not, depending on group. Blood pressure was recorded every 15 minutes and 5 minutes after pnemoperitoneum released. After last blood pressure record, a 3.0 ml blood sample was collected to measure plasma renin activity (PRA), and 1.0 ml for blood gases measurement, urea (U) and creatinine (Cr). The multivariate analysis for repeated measurements over time has concluded that: five minutes after pnemoperitoneum released, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure has significant statistic differences (p <0.0001) in G1 with an upward curve in relation to G2 and G3; The pH decreased (p <0.0001) in a similar way in the three groups of intervention, while pCO2 increased (p <0.0001) in a similar way in the three groups of intervention, with no significant changes in creatinine (p = 0.3232), but the urea had a moment effect with statistical significance (p <0.0001) and the plasma renin activity (PRA) was significantly higher in G2 compared with the other two groups
Souza, Pamella Ramona Moraes de. "Influência da desnervação seletiva dos barorreceptores e quimiorreceptores nas variáveis hemodinâmicas e morfofuncionais dos tecidos cardíaco e músculo-esquelético em ratos espontaneamante hipertensos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-20052014-104228/.
Full textArterial hypertension (AH) is a multifactorial disease on which there is the interaction of several mechanisms , therefore is related to functional and / or structural changes of the target organ . Functional changes of the regulatory mechanisms of blood pressure (BP) in the short term , as pressoreceptor and chemoreceptors, has been extensively explored in order to understand the possible mechanisms that may be related to the genesis of hypertension. Thus, we used the experimental model of sinoaortic denervation (DSA) and selective denervation of those afferent aortic (DA) and / or carotid (DC) and the ligature of the carotid body artery (LA) to evaluate the relative importance of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors on control of neurogenic circulation mediating cardiac and musculoskeletal responses in HA. There by, we used Wistar rats (CTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) subjected to different denervation (SHRDSA / SHRDA / SHRDC) and the ligature of the carotid body artery (SHRLA). The animals were followed for 10 weeks after the selective denervation it was performed echocardiographic evaluations, blood gas, hemodynamic, autonomic and regional blood flow. Subsequently, the animals were euthanized for tissue collection for genetic and histological evaluations. Results: SHR animals showed hemodynamic, autonomic dysfunction and gas exchange (respiratory alkalosis) compared to CTR group as well as the analysis of hypertrophy, flow and histology of skeletal muscle, such as the transition to a more glycolytic phenotype profile in soleus and increased cross-sectional area of type I fibers and reduction of type IIB fibers in the diaphragm . In hypertensive experimental groups, animals with prejudice chemoreflex (SHRDC, SHRLA and SHRDSA) , showed higher pCO2 compared to SHR and SHRDA group. All groups with different denervation showed autonomic changes in blood flow and capillarization. However, our major findings were compared to SHRDA group, which was significantly higher than the SHR in SBP (212 ± 2 vs 200 ± 3), DBP (156 ± 4 vs 144 ± 3), MAP (185 ± 9 vs 172 ± 3) and HR (377 ± 4 vs 350 ± 7) parameters. Furthermore, we showed an increase in BP variability (BPV) and in the peripheral sympathetic (BFPAS), otherwise showed in the groups SHRDC and SHRLA compared to SHR . Autonomic control of HR, the SHRDA group showed lower sympathetic and higher parasympathetic effect effect in relation to SHR. Already SHRDC and SHRLA groups had a lower parasympathetic effect without changes in sympathetic, although peripheral vascular resistance was increased in SHRLA group. The cardiac morphofunctional adaptations (echocardiography and cardiac hypertrophy markers) were more evident in the group that had total dysfunction of both receptors (SHRDSA). Conclusion: The absence of reflex control exerted by arterial baroreceptors predominantly showed a greater influence of the aortic component of the carotid on BP. In addition, systolic function appears higher in groups SHRDA and SHRDSA, suggesting that aortic denervation is associated with sympathetic activation. No cardiac abnormality was observed in the carotid denervation. Regarding skeletal muscle, all denervations showed an increased of capillarization, while only SHRDSA group showed reduction of intermediate fibers. Increased capillarization may be associated with the release of the peripheral sympathetic denervation, including removal of the aortic baroreceptors, leading to increased VPA and the absence of chemoreceptors in groups with deafferentation of the carotid receptors
Martins, Stephanie Alves. "Análise da mobilidade mitocondrial em células vivas do hipocampo, substância negra e locus coeruleus anterior à agregação proteica envolvida em neurodegeneração." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-07022014-103631/.
Full textAltered mitochondrial traffic in neurons can lead to increased oxidative stress, energy deprivation, impaired intercellular communication and neurodegeneration. There are evidences mitochondria disturbing precedes neuronal death associated with protein aggregation. Therefore, the study of mitochondrial traffic and protein aggregation can be an important step towards a better understanding of the mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze mitochondria mobility in cultured cells of the hippocampus, substantia nigra and locus coeruleus exposed to rotenone and MPTP, as neurodegeneration-promoting agents, and rapamycin to activate autophagy. The other objective of the study was to analyze the role of calcium (through EGTA and ionomycin) in the experimental model. The results showed increased and decreased mobility mitochondrial in cells from hippocampus and substantia nigra, respectively, while the locus coeruleus cell culture has increased followed by decreased mitochondrial mobility depending upon rotenone concentration. The use of EGTA and ionomycin showed that alteration of mitochondrial traffic is associated with calcium, however it is not related with changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. Additional experiments were also conducted to assess mitochondrial mobility in a model using rapamycin to activate autophagy and MPTP to induce neurodegeneration in cell cultures. The results of these experiments showed increased mitochondrial mobility in the hippocampus and locus coeruleus when exposed to rapamycin; while MPTP also increased mitochondria mobility in hippocampal cell cultures, but decreased it in locus coeruleus. Results suggest that mitochondrial traffic is altered before protein aggregation, which may contribute to neurodegeneration
"Studies of tachykinin receptor agonist and antagonists on adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat." 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5895915.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-226).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Publications Based On The Work In This Thesis --- p.i
Abstract --- p.ii
Acknowledgements --- p.vii
Abbreviations --- p.viii
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Normal joint --- p.1
Chapter 1.11 --- Biology of joint --- p.1
Chapter 1.12 --- Structure of synovial joint --- p.1
Chapter 1.13 --- Components of the mature synovial joint --- p.3
Chapter 1.131 --- Articular cartilage --- p.3
Chapter 1.1311 --- Water --- p.4
Chapter 1.1312 --- Cartilage matrix --- p.4
Chapter 1.1313 --- Chondrocyte --- p.5
Chapter 1.132 --- Synovium --- p.5
Chapter 1.1321 --- Synovium vasculature --- p.6
Chapter 1.1322 --- Synovial blood flow --- p.7
Chapter 1.133 --- Synovial fluid --- p.8
Chapter 1.134 --- Bone --- p.9
Chapter 1.2 --- Pathological processes of arthritis --- p.11
Chapter 1.21 --- Activation of immune cells in arthritis --- p.11
Chapter 1.22 --- Synovial proliferation --- p.13
Chapter 1.221 --- Synovial lining cell activation --- p.13
Chapter 1.222 --- Pannus invasion --- p.14
Chapter 1.23 --- Cartilage and bone degradation --- p.14
Chapter 1.231 --- Depletion of proteoglycan (GAG) --- p.15
Chapter 1.232 --- Collagen denature --- p.15
Chapter 1.3 --- Tachykinins (TKs) --- p.17
Chapter 1.31 --- History --- p.17
Chapter 1.32 --- "Synthesis, storage and release of TKs" --- p.17
Chapter 1.33 --- Tachykinin receptors --- p.18
Chapter 1.331 --- Characterization of NK1 receptor --- p.19
Chapter 1.332 --- Characterization of NK2 receptor --- p.19
Chapter 1.333 --- Characterization of NK3 receptor --- p.20
Chapter 1.34 --- Effector systems of TKs --- p.21
Chapter 1.35 --- Termination of TK signals --- p.21
Chapter 1.351 --- Enzymatic breakdown --- p.21
Chapter 1.352 --- Receptor desensitization --- p.22
Chapter 1.353 --- Receptor endocytosis --- p.22
Chapter 1.36 --- TK receptor antagonists --- p.23
Chapter 1.361 --- Selective NK1 receptor antagonists --- p.23
Chapter 1.362 --- Selective NK2 receptor antagonists --- p.24
Chapter 1.363 --- Selective NK3 receptor antagonists --- p.25
Chapter 1.4 --- Roles of tachykinins in arthritis --- p.28
Chapter 1.41 --- Correlation between tachykinins and joint inflammation --- p.28
Chapter 1.42 --- Roles of tachykinins in immune cell activation --- p.30
Chapter 1.43 --- Roles of tachykinins in synovial proliferation --- p.31
Chapter 1.44 --- Roles of tachykinins in cartilage degradation --- p.32
Chapter 1.5 --- Animal model of arthritis --- p.33
Chapter 1.51 --- Instability model --- p.33
Chapter 1.52 --- Immobilization model --- p.34
Chapter 1.53 --- Noxious agent-induced model --- p.34
Chapter 1.531 --- Collagen-induced erosive arthritis --- p.34
Chapter 1.532 --- Cartilage oligometric matrix protein-induced arthritis --- p.35
Chapter 1.533 --- Oil-induced arthritis --- p.35
Chapter 1.534 --- Streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis --- p.35
Chapter 1.535 --- Adjuvant-induced arthritis --- p.36
Chapter 1.536 --- Pristane-induced arthritis --- p.36
Chapter 1.6 --- Current anti-arthritic therapies --- p.39
Chapter 1.61 --- Non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs --- p.39
Chapter 1.62 --- Glucocorticoid --- p.44
Chapter 1.63 --- Second-line treatment --- p.46
Chapter 1.631 --- Sulfasalazine --- p.46
Chapter 1.632 --- Gold salts --- p.47
Chapter 1 633 --- D-penicillamine --- p.48
Chapter 1.634 --- Antimalarial --- p.49
Chapter 1 .635 --- Methotrexate --- p.51
Chapter 1.64 --- New trends for treatment of arthritis --- p.53
Chapter 1.641 --- Anti-cytokine therapy --- p.53
Chapter 1.642 --- Anti-angiogenesis therapy --- p.54
Chapter 1.7 --- Aims of study --- p.57
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Material and drugs --- p.62
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methodology --- p.62
Chapter 3.1 --- Animals used and anaesthetization --- p.62
Chapter 3.2 --- Measurement of plasma protein extravasation --- p.63
Chapter 3.3 --- Measurement of knee joint sizes --- p.64
Chapter 3.4 --- Measurement of knee joint blood flow --- p.65
Chapter 3.5 --- Measurement of histological changes --- p.65
Chapter 3.51 --- Dissection and fixation --- p.65
Chapter 3.52 --- Decalcification --- p.66
Chapter 3.53 --- Processing --- p.66
Chapter 3.54 --- Embedding --- p.67
Chapter 3.55 --- Sectioning --- p.67
Chapter 3.56 --- Staining --- p.69
Chapter 3.6 --- Data analysis --- p.69
Chapter 3.61 --- Scoring systems --- p.72
Chapter Chapter 4 --- A model of monoarthritis in rats --- p.72
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.72
Chapter 4.2 --- Method --- p.73
Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.73
Chapter 4.31 --- Lewis rats --- p.73
Chapter 4.32 --- Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats --- p.74
Chapter 4.33 --- Comparison of FCA-induced changes in Lewis and SD rats --- p.74
Chapter 4.34 --- Histological studies on arthritic SD rats --- p.75
Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.93
Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusions --- p.95
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Effect of Substance P on adjuvant-induced arthritis --- p.96
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.96
Chapter 5.2 --- Method --- p.98
Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.99
Chapter 5.31 --- Evans blue extravasation --- p.99
Chapter 5.32 --- Joint size --- p.100
Chapter 5.33 --- Knee joint blood flow --- p.101
Chapter 5.34 --- Histology results --- p.102
Chapter 5.341 --- Infiltration of immune cells in synovial tissue --- p.102
Chapter 5.342 --- Synovial tissue proliferation --- p.102
Chapter 5.343 --- Cartilage degradation --- p.103
Chapter 5.344 --- Bone degradation --- p.103
Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.120
Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusions --- p.125
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Effects of tachykinin receptor antagonists on FCA-induced arthritis
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.126
Chapter 6.2 --- Method --- p.128
Chapter 6. 21 --- Intravenous NK1 receptor antagonists on FCA-induced arthritis --- p.128
Chapter 6. 22 --- Intraperitoneal TK receptor antagonists on FCA-induced arthritis --- p.128
Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.129
Chapter 6.31 --- Intravenous NK1 227}0اreceptor antagonists on FCA-induced arthritis Evans blue extravasation and joint swelling --- p.129
Chapter 6.32 --- Intraperitoneal tachykinin receptor antagonists on FCA- induced arthritis Evans blue extravasation and joint swelling --- p.129
Chapter 6.33 --- Intraperitoneal tachykinin receptor antagonists on FCA- induced immune cell accumulation --- p.130
Chapter 6.34 --- Intraperitoneal tachykinin receptor antagonists on FCA- induced synovial tissue proliferation --- p.131
Chapter 6.35 --- Intraperitoneal tachykinin receptor antagonists on FCA- induced cartilage degration and bone erosion --- p.131
Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.159
Chapter 6.5 --- Conclusions --- p.162
Chapter Chapter 7 --- Individual and combined effects of dexamethasone and TK receptor antagonists on FCA-induced arthritis --- p.163
Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.163
Chapter 7.2 --- Method --- p.166
Chapter 7.3 --- Results --- p.167
Chapter 7.31 --- Evans blue extravasation --- p.167
Chapter 7.32 --- Knee joint size --- p.167
Chapter 7.33 --- Body weight --- p.168
Chapter 7.34 --- Cellular infiltration --- p.168
Chapter 7.35 --- Synovial tissue proliferation --- p.168
Chapter 7.36 --- Cartilage degradation --- p.169
Chapter 7.4 --- Discussion --- p.184
Chapter 7.5 --- Conclusions --- p.187
Chapter Chapter 8 --- General discussions and conclusions --- p.188
References --- p.192
Jensen, Meredith. "Characterization of Behavioral Profiles for Inbred P and NP and Congenic P.NP and NP.P Rats." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2924.
Full textAlcoholism inheritance rates have been estimated as high as 60% in a human population. Many significant features of alcohol dependence have been replicated in rodent animal models of alcoholism, however not in totality. These animal models include inbred preferring (iP) and nonpreferring (iNP) rat types. Congenic rats have been engineered from the iP and iNP strains whereby a P congenic rat has in its genome a well-chosen chromosomal portion taken from an NP rat (P.NP) and, reciprocally, an NP congenic rat has acquired the analogous DNA from a P rat (NP.P). In this case, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) from chromosome 4 is the donor genetic material for the congenic rats. It is of great interest to further study this chromosome 4 QTL because it has been found to control a significant portion of ethanol consumption behavior in iP and iNP rats. This study aimed to behaviorally profile the iP, iNP and reciprocal congenic rats. As a result of the behavioral profiling of these genetically related groups, some conclusions could be made regarding which behaviors appear to be controlled by the chromosome 4 donor DNA.This study primarily utilized the Multivariate Concentric Square Field apparatus (MCSF) to characterize behavioral profiles for the inbred and congenic rats. The Open field (OF) and Elevated plus maze (EPM) supported this effort. The MCSF is valuable in that it allows for the animals to interact within an environment that has ethological value. The 12 different zones that make up the field are characterized by some functional quality in terms of type and duration of behavior performed, etc. The behavioral data is aggregated and finally represented in terms of five functional categories, the elements of the behavioral profile: general activity, exploratory activity, risk assessment, risk taking, and shelter seeking. The study hypotheses were shaped by prior research suggesting that iPs should display lower general activity and risk taking strategy than iNPs in the MCSF. Inbred Ps should be more active in the OF and spend more time in the center of the EPM. Generally, it is expected that the iP QTL confer behavioral phenotypes to the iNP strain that deviate toward a "P" behavioral phenotype and reciprocally, the iNP QTL confer behavioral phenotypes to the iP strain that deviate toward an "NP" behavioral phenotype. The results showed that iP rats performed more risk assessment and risk taking behavior and less shelter seeking and anxiety-like behavior than iNP rats. It followed that P.NP congenic rats significantly downgraded their risk assessment and risk taking behavior when compared to iP rats. This decrease can be attributed to the chromosome 4 QTL donated from the iNP breed. All together this study concludes that risk assessment and risk taking behavior in the iP rats is controlled by the same DNA region that, in part, determines voluntary intake of ethanol consumption. Further fine mapping of the QTL region should help in discovering if the same DNA sequences that influence ethanol intake also significantly influence risk behavior.
"The spontaneously hypertensive rats as a possible model for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder." Thesis, 2007. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074806.
Full textLi, Qi.
Adviser: David Yen.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 1375.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-125).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
School code: 1307.
"Changes in the central nervous system after bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries in the hypertensive rats and the effect of Pien Tze Huang." Thesis, 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074813.
Full textFrom the data above, more severe damage could be caused by hypertension combined with chronic ischemia. The model of SHR with bilaterally occluded common carotid artery can be used to study pathological changes resulted from hypertension combined with chronic ischemia. PTH was able to protect neurons in stroke.
In the initial part of the work, patients from clinics in two cities in South and North China were compared and analysed; they had been suffering from brain ischemic stroke. About two thirds of the stroke patients were found to have hypertension before the onset of stroke. Their prognosis was significantly worse than those stroke patients without hypertension. In the hypertensive rats with occluded arteries, mean of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examination showed that brain blood flow was very weak or even transiently became undetectable at the beginning of the acute stage of brain ischemia, but was restored one hour after the occlusion surgery. In addition, pathological changes in brains of hypertensive rats with induced brain ischemia (carotid occlusion) were examined by Nissl staining, TUNEL staining, cell death ELISA and anti-oxidation enzymes. At day 15 after ischemia, a large number of pyramid cells in the hippocampus of SHR were lost and a great deal of apoptotic cells were found in the CA1 of the hippocampus, while activities of some enzyme including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were increased. At day 30 and 60, some degenerative changes appeared to have subsided and the cells appeared morphologically normal. The activities of the above enzymes were also decreased at day 60. In WKY control rats with normal blood pressure, neurons in the CA1 were found less damaged after the bilateral carotid occlusion. It was found that apoptotic and dead cells were significantly reduced in rats with hypertension combined with chronic brain ischemia if they had been pre-treated with PTH. Moreover, brain stroke damage was less severe in this pretreated rats.
Zhang, Lihong.
"March 2010."
Adviser: WH Kwong.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-01, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-134).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.