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1
Langford, Christopher Patrick. "Repeated infection of inbred mice with Heligmosomoides polygyus." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46403.
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Byers, Shannon L. "Use of Inbred Strains of Mice to Study the Genetics and Biology of Sperm Function." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ByersSL2006.pdf.
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Wood, Erin. "A Behavioral Comparison of Four Inbred Strains of Mice." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2224.
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Isogenic, or inbred, mouse strains are currently the experimental subjects of choice in laboratory studies focused on genetics, pharmacology, and psychological issues. Understanding phenotypic differences in isogenic strains is important in order to interpret experimental results obtained from inbred mouse strains. Four commonly used inbred strains, C57BL/6NHsd (C57), DBA/2NHsd (DBA), 129S2/SvHsd (129), and Balb/cAnHsd (Balb/c), are investigated in this study using four different behavioral tasks that measure locomotor activity and cognitive behavior (Morris Water Maze (MWM), T-maze, and operant autoshaping procedures). In the locomotor activity task 129 mice showed significantly less horizontal ambulation than any other strain, while differences in rearing was seen between all strains, with C57 mice producing the most, and 129 showing the least rearing. Thigmotaxia was seen the most in the 129 strain, less so with the Balb/c and DBA strains, and the least in the C57 mice. In the MWM learning across strains was noted but there was no difference between the strains. In the T-maze the Balb/c strain showed the shortest latency to enter an arm, while the 129 strain showed the longest. As expected they also showed the lowest accuracy and the highest percent time-outs compared to all the other strains. In the autoshaping procedure little difference between the strains was observed. Balb/c mice trended graphically towards higher rates however there was no difference with regard to number of contingent responses or number per strain to reach a criterion of 10 or more contingent reinforcers. Finally, locomotor activity was measured again at the end of the study. The activity results were still similar, although the C57 strain showed a decrease in horizontal ambulation as compared to DBA and Balb/c strains; however, the 129 strain still showed the least activity. These results indicate that there are significant differences in locomotor behavior and cognitive processes in these strains that should be considered when interpreting results from studies using these inbred mouse strains.
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Peugh, W. N. "The genetics and immunology of cardiac allograft rejection in inbred mice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375315.
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Liu, Dien. "Effects of R294C mutation on expression and stability of interferon regulatory factor-8 in BXH-2 mice." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116090.
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Interferon regulatory factor-8 (Irf-8), a hematopoietic transcriptional regulator, controls myeloid-cell proliferation and coordinates innate and adaptive host immune responses. Mice from the BXH-2 recombinant inbred strain carry an endogenous R294C mutation in Irf-8. This loss-of-function mutation induces clonal infiltration of undifferentiated Mac-1+/Gr-1 + granulocytic precursors in BXH-2 mice, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and splenomegaly similar to those seen in human chronic myeloid leukemia. It also renders the host permissible to the otherwise avirulent Mycobacterium bovis (BCG), and negatively affects survival or recovery of these mice to other infectious pathogens. Here, we generated a polyc1onal anti-Irf-8 antibody to better characterize the effects of the R294C mutation on Irf-8 protein expression, stability, and inducibility in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tissues. We found that mutant Irf-8C294-expressing tissues consistently displayed reduced Irf-8 abundance compared to their wild-type counterparts in both primary splenocytes and following transfection into heterologous cells, presumably due to decreased stability or increased rate of degradation of the mutant isoform. Results also indicate that native Irf-8 is also expressed in the heart, and to a lesser extent, in the kidneys. Since neither of these organs is well-known to be associated with hematopoietic or immune functions, this finding strengthens the possibility that Irf-8 may exert additional regulatory functions in other cellular contexts. Taken together, our study provides a better understanding about the molecular features of the mutant Irf-8 C294 protein and contributes to a growing body of evidence in support of Irf-8 expression in non-hematopoietic tissues.
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Cushnie, Duncan Wells. "On the expression and deficiency of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in murine sperm development." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116083.
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Development of specific DNA methylation patterns is required for normal spermatogenesis. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) use S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) produced in a pathway requiring 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). This thesis describes: testicular phenotype differences derived from Mthfr-deficiency in different mouse strains; the cellular Mthfr expression pattern during male germ cell development; and finally, changes to the DNA methylation of Mthfr-deficient sperm. Mthfr-deficient BALB/c, but not C57BL/6, mice have reduced neonatal germ cell proliferation but both have abnormal germ cells as adults. Germ cell MTHFR expression differed developmentally in parallel with DNMTs associated with de novo methylation. Sperm from mice with reduced Mthfr levels or dietary folate deficiency had differential DNA methylation at multiple loci, compared to wildtype mice, indicating that maintenance as well as acquisition of methylation can be altered by SAM-reduction. These results highlight the important role of folate in sperm development throughout life.
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Knock, Erin Heather 1981. "Long-term dietary folate deficiency and intestinal tumor development in mice." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115689.
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Epidemiological evidence linking dietary folate deficiency and risk for colorectal cancer is conflicting. Studies using animal models indicate that timing, dose and presence of pre-malignant lesions will influence whether folate deficiency prevents or promotes tumor formation. In this thesis a new model of spontaneous tumor formation due to long-term dietary folate deficiency alone, in non-transgenic mice and without carcinogen induction, is developed. The mechanisms by which folate deficiency might influence cancer risk are also examined.BALB/c mice, with or without a null allele in a key folate-metabolizing enzyme, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (Mthfr ), develop intestinal tumors due to dietary folate deficiency alone. On folate-deficient (FD) diets, 12.5% of Mthfr+/+ mice and 28.1% of Mthfr+/- mice developed tumors; mice on control diet (CD) did not. C57B1/6 mice (a strain resistant to other methods of tumor induction) placed on the same diets for the same amount of time did not develop any tumors. To investigate possible mechanisms the levels of DNA damage (dUTP/dTTP ratio and p-H2AX staining) and DNA methylation (thin layer chromatography) were examined. FD BALB/c, but not C57B1/6 mice, had a trend towards increased dUTP/dTTP and DNA double-strand breaks and decreased global DNA methylation compared to CD mice. To determine why the FD diet affects the BALB/c and not the C57Bl/6 strain, the expression of genes involved in folate metabolism was examined. Several changes in gene expression were observed. In particular, BALB/c mice had increased Mthfr expression and MTHFR activity compared to C57Bl/6 mice. Increased MTHFR activity may deplete 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate supplies for the dTMP synthesis, increasing the dUMP levels and, possibly, DNA damage. The levels of several DNA repair genes were also examined. Two genes involved in base excision repair, Thymine DNA glycosylase (Tdg) and Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (Apex1), were increased in FD C57B1/6 compared to FD BALB/c mice suggesting increased DNA repair capacity.
These results support the evidence that dietary folate deficiency promotes intestinal tumor formation possibly through increased DNA damage, with subsequent defects in DNA repair.
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Pereira, Bernardo Acácio Santini. "Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis: participação de fatores do hospedeiro e do parasito no curso da infecção experimental em camundongos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2010. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/4112.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz.Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de janeiro, RJ, Brasil
A leishmaniose é uma doença antropozoonose que afeta 88 países, o que denota a importância da realização de estudos que permitem o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias de vacinação ou quimioterapias. Os agentes etiológicos dessa doença são espécies do gênero Leishmania, sendo que, no Brasil, a Leishmania (Leishimania) amazonensis está relacionada à forma tegumentar da leishmaniose e está expandindo sua área de distribuição geográfica. O modelo murino de infecção experimental tem sido largamente empregado nos estudos de leishmanioses, por permitir o controle das características do hospedeiro e a análise de aspectos específicos da doença. O presente estudo tem por objetivo verificar a atuação de fatores de interação parasito-hospedeiro nesse modelo de infecção utilizando linhagens de camundongos comdiferentes graus de susceptibilidade. Para tanto, efetuamos o seqüenciamento da extensão COOH-terminal de um tipo específico de cisteína proteinase (CP) do parasito, a CPB, e, em seguida, o mapeamento in silico de epitopos de MHC classe I nessa seqüência. Os epitopos preditos foram então sintetizados e utilizados em ensaios in vivo (vacinação) e in vitro (indução de blastogênese e de expressão de citocinas e efeitos sobre os linfócitos T CD4+ e CD8+). Alguns desses epitopos preditos demonstraram efeitos antigênicos nos ensaios in vitro, porém sem efeitos perceptíveis nos ensaios in vivo. Os epitopos preditos P4 e P5 induziram a blastogênese em culturas de células de camundongos BALB/c (mais susceptíveis a Leishmania), enquanto P2, P8 e P9 o fizeram em células de células de camundongos CBA (menos suscetíveis). Os epitopos P5, P6 e P8 também promoveram alterações nas porcentagens dos linfócitos CD4+ ou CD8+ em culturas de células de camundongos BALB/c. Quanto à indução da expressão de citocinas, os epitopos P1 e P2 (em BALB/c) e P2 e P3 (em CBA) induziram à expressão de citosinas relacionadas à resposta imune tipo Th1; P6 (em BALB/c) e P8 (em CBA) à expressão de citosinas da resposta Th2; e P4 (em BALB/c) e P9 (em CBA) à expressão de citosinas dos dois tipos de resposta imune. Ensaios de Molecular Doking foram utilizados para auxiliar na compreensão dos fenômenos de interação nos complexos epitoppos/MHC, apontando para padrões de interação associados aos padrões de indução da expressão de citocinas. Adicionalmente, foram efetuados ensaios de PCR em tempo real para se analisar os padrões de expressão de genes de moléculas de MHC do hospedeiro e de CPs do parasito ao longo da infecção, que indicam distinções na expressão de genes de MHC classes I e II entre as linhagens murinas e na expressão de CPs pelo parasito, o que pode estar relacionado às diferentes formas de progressão da infecção nessas linhagens. Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo complementam os dados da literatura sobre as interações parasito-hospedeiro na infecção experimental murina e apontam para novas estratégias de análise dessas interações em leishmaniose
Leishmaniasis is a disease that affects anthropozoonosis 88 countries, demonstrating the importance of studies that allow the development of new strategies for vaccination or chemotherapy. The etiologic agents of this disease are species of the genus Leishmania, and in Brazil, Leishmania (Leishimania) amazonensis is related to the cutaneous form of leishmaniasis and is expanding its geographical distribution. The murine model of experimental infection has been widely used in studies of leishmaniasis by allowing the control of the characteristics of the host and analysis of specific aspects of the disease. The present study aims to verify the performance factors of the host-parasite interaction in this infection model using mice strains comdiferentes degrees of susceptibility. Therefore, we performed by sequencing the COOH-terminal extension of a particular type of cysteine proteinase (CP) of the parasite, CPB, and then, the in silico mapping of epitopes on MHC class I that sequence. The predicted epitopes were then synthesized and used in vivo assays (vaccination) and in vitro (induced blastogenesis and expression of cytokines and effects on T lymphocytes CD4 + and CD8 +). Some of these antigenic epitopes predicted effects demonstrated in vitro assays, but without noticeable effects in vivo assays .. The predicted epitopes P4 and P5 induced blastogenesis in cultured cells of BALB / c (most likely Leishmania), while P2, P8 and P9 cells did cell CBA mice (less likely). The epitopes P5, P6 and P8 also induced variations in the percentages of CD4 + or CD8 + cell cultures of BALB / c mice. The induction of expression of cytokines, the epitopes P1 and P2 (in BALB / c) and P3 and P2 (in CBA) to induce expression of cytokines related to Th1 type immune response, P6 (in BALB / c) and P8 (in CBA) to the expression of Th2 cytokines, and P4 (in BALB / c) and P9 (in CBA) to the expression of cytokines of both types of immune response. Molecular tests Doking were used to assist in understanding the complex interaction phenomena in epitoppos / MHC, pointing to patterns of interaction patterns associated with induction of cytokine expression. Additionally, PCR assays were performed in real time to examine the expression patterns of genes of the host MHC molecules and CPs along the parasite infection, indicating distinctions in the gene expression of MHC class I and II between the strains and expression of murine CPs the parasite, which can be related to different forms of progression of the infection in these strains. The results of this study complement the literature on host-parasite interactions in murine experimental infection and point to new strategies for analysis of these interactions in leishmaniasis
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Wang, Chengming Kaltenboeck Bernhard. "Multivariate analysis of Chlamydia pneumoniae lung infection in two inbred mouse strains." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1260.
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Wong, Andrew Wai Kit. "Correlations between hippocampal synaptic plasticities and proteins, in inbred mice and in transgenic mice modelling Alzheimer's disease, and behaviour." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408247.
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Cotsapas, Chris Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "The genetics of variation in gene expression." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30204.
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The majority of genetic differences between species and individuals have been hypothesised to impact on the regulation, rather than the structure, of genes. As the details of genetic variation are uncovered by the various genome sequencing projects, understanding the functional effects on gene regulation will be key to uncovering the molecular mechanisms underying the genesis and inheritance of common phenotypes, such as complex human disease and commercially important traits in plants and animals. Unlike coding sequence polymorphisms, genetic variants affecting gene expression will reside in the transcriptional machinery and its regulatory inputs. As these are largely specific to cell- or tissue-types, we would expect that regulatory variants will also affect final mRNA levels in a tissue specific manner. Genetic variation between individuals may therefore be more complex than the sum total of sequence differences between them. Demonstrating this hypothesis is the main focus of this thesis. We use microarrays to measure mRNA levels of approximately 22,000 transcripts in inbred and recombinant inbred strains of mice, and present compelling evidence that the genetic influences on these levels are tissue-specific in at least 85% of cases. We uncover two loci which apparently influence transcript levels of multiple genes in a tissue-specific manner. We also present evidence that failure of microarray data normalisation may cause spurious linkage of expression phenotypes leading to erroneous biological conclusions, and detail a novel, extensible mathematical framework for performing tailored normalisation which can remove such systematic bias. The wider context of these results is then discussed.
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Maema, Malefane M. "Dynamics of repeated infection of high and low responder inbred mice with Heligmosomoides polygyrus." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38092.
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Eastgard, Rebecca Lugar. "Diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia in a mouse model /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6601.
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Hickey, Evan Thaler. "Nicotinic cholinergic modulation of sensorimotor gating and working memory in two strains of inbred mice." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20125.
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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation has been found to enhance sensorimotor gating and the trial-specific store of mutable information known as working memory. Working memory function is dependent upon effective stimulus filtering, which leads to the question as to whether nAChR agonists augment working memory function directly, or whether this effect is mediated indirectly through a strengthening of sensorimotor gating. In the present studies, the C57BL/6J and 129X1/SvJ strains of inbred mice were tested at 2 and 8 months of age in the pre-pulse inhibition paradigm (PPI) and the working memory version of the Morris Water Maze task (MWM). The prototypic and non-selective nAChR agonist, nicotine (0.5-2.0 mg/kg), and the α4β2 nAChR subtype specific agonist, RJR-2403 (0.06-0.54 mg/kg), were employed for cholinergic stimulation. Nicotine administration, but not RJR-2403, tended to enhance PPI in 2 month, but not 8 month-old animals. Both nicotine and RJR-2403 were ineffective in modulating working memory function. Hence, with these strains, at these ages, in these paradigms, and at these particular drug dosages, sensorimotor gating and working memory do not appear to be correlated processes nor does nAChR stimulation appear to modulate either process within these experimental parameters. This research demonstrates the importance of fully characterizing the dosage spectrum of drugs in animals commonly used in behavioural testing and, thus, further research into this area is warranted.L'activation des récepteurs nicotiniques pour l'acétylcholine (nAChR) accroît la filtration des stimuli sensori-moteurs ainsi que la mémoire de travail. Le fait que la mémoire de travail soit dépendante de la filtration des stimuli soulève la question à savoir si les agonistes des nAChR joue un rôle direct ou indirect via le renforcement de la filtration des stimuli. Nous avons utilisé deux espèces de souris (C57BL/6J et 129X1/SvJ) consanguines âgées de 2 et 8 mois dans les tests de pré pulse inhibition (PPI) ainsi que dans une version du Morris water maze (MWM) pour la mémoire de travail. La nicotine (agoniste non sélectif), ainsi que le RJR-2403 (agoniste spécifique) furent utilisés pour la stimulation cholinergique. Les résultats révèlent que la nicotine et non le RJR-2403 a produit une tendance à l'augmentation des performances dans le PPI chez les souris âgées de 2 mois, exclusivement. De plus, la nicotine et le RJR-2403 furent inefficace dans la modulation des fonctions de la mémoire de travail. En résumé, il semble que la filtration de stimuli sensori-moteurs ainsi que la mémoire de travail ne seraient pas des processus en corrélation et que l'activation des nAChR ne module pas ces processus, du moins, avec les espèces de souris, l'âge, les tests comportementaux ainsi que les drogues utilisés. Davantage de recherche est nécessaire pour clarifier ces incertitudes. fr
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Redwood, Alec J. "Cytokine gene expression patterns and immune responses to systemic Candida albicans infection in inbred mice." Curtin University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, 1997. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10970.
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Aims of the research:To characterise the tissue histology and tissue distribution patterns of C. albicans during systemic murine candidiasis.To develop a reliable, reproducible and sensitive SQ-RT-PCR for the quantitation of in vivo cytokine gene transcription.To use this technique to determine the in vivo pattern of tissue specific cytokine gene expression during systemic candidiasis.To determine if cytokine gene expression patterns vary between resistant BALB/c and sensitive CBA/CaH mice during primary systemic candidiasis.To determine if differences in tissue distribution of C. albicans in infected mice is matched by differences in tissue responses to infection.To determine if cytokine mRNA expression patterns during secondary systemic candidiasis, are different to those during primary systemic candidiasis.To determine if cytokine gene expression patterns vary between resistant BALB/c and sensitive CBA/CaH mice during secondary systemic candidiasis.
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Choi, Peter. "An analysis of the genetic control of interleukin-4 production in inbred strains of mice." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404427.
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Eom, Tae-Yeon. "Regulation of neural precursor cell apoptosis and proliferation by glycogen synthase kinase-3." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009p/eom.pdf.
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Abdul-Majid, Khairul-Bariah. "Pathogenesis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in DBA/1 mice /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-112-8/.
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Skabardonis, George P. "Genetic analysis of cerebellar folial pattern in crosses of A/J and C57BL/6J inbred mice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24983.pdf.
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Shultz, Christopher L. "Kinetics of the Immune Response in Inbred and Outbred Mice Before and After Bone Marrow Transplantation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144956.
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Ho, Man Ki Maggie. "Factors contributing to altered insulin levels of PWD/PhJ and WSB/EiJ wild-derived inbred mice." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46452.
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Insulin is a key hormone in the regulation of blood glucose. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) results from insufficient insulin-producing β cells in pancreatic islets or insufficient insulin secretion to maintain glucose homeostasis. Genetic variability is a major factor affecting type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. Two inbred mouse strains derived from wild caught mice, PWD/PhJ (PWD) and WSB/EiJ (WSB), have novel genetic variation relative to the classically-studied mice, C57BL/6J (B6), which will assist genetic studies. PWD and WSB mice exhibit high and low insulin levels, respectively, without insulin resistance and obesity. The goal of this thesis was to investigate potential mechanisms behind the altered insulin levels of the PWD and WSB mice.
We found evidence that factors affecting the insulin secretion pathway were altered in PWD mice. Specifically, these affect insulin secretion stimulated by nutrients, with possibly a minor factor affecting steps downstream of cell depolarization. These could contribute to the high insulin levels in PWD mice compared to B6 mice. There were no differences between PWD and B6 mice in islet structure or β cell mass.
For WSB mice, we found their pancreas and islets fail to grow after birth compared to B6 mice. This may contribute to their low insulin levels at later ages. However, WSB mice also exhibited low insulin levels at young age when their β cell mass was still similar to B6 mice. Their insulin secretion pathway was investigated. Surprisingly, while WSB mice exhibited low insulin levels in in vivo secretion studies, they secreted high insulin levels in in vitro studies. Thus WSB mice may also have physiological differences evident in vivo that reduce their insulin secretion. The physiological mechanisms for the altered insulin levels of these strains are regulated by their genetic factors. This suggests that discovery of these novel genetic factors could provide new insights into processes that regulate insulin levels that may help lead to novel treatments T2D.
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Murphy, Stephanie A. "Effects of selenium and vitamin B-6 on growth of chemically- induced transplanted tumors in BALB/c inbred mice." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43906.
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Male weanling inbred, mice were inoculated with
fibrosarcoma cells (hindquarter) originally produced by 2-methylcholanthrene. Before inoculation, mice were randomly divided into three groups of 24 and one of 12
(control). After a one week acclimation period, each group was fed a diet containing either suboptimal vitamin B-6, 0.5 mg/kg diet; adequate, 7.0 mg/kg diet; or excess, 100 mg/kg diet. Controls were fed the adequate vitamin. B-6 diet. Twenty-four hours after
tumor cell inoculation, a series of sodium selenite injections (0.5 μg/.10 mL) were given to half of each treatment group and all controls. Mice were sacrificed
two wk after tumor inoculation. Tumors were excised and weighed. Selenium-treated mice had significantly smaller tumors as compared to untreated mice regardless
of vitamin B-6 treatment. The smallest tumors were
found in the selenium-treated group maintained on
adequate B-6, while the largest tumors were developed
by mice on the excess B-6 diet without selenium treatments.
All groups had similar blood selenium levels as
measured by gas chromatography. Tumor selenium levels,
analyzed by atomic absorption, were significantly
higher for untreated groups than selenium-treated
groups (larger tumor size). The excess and adequate
vitamin B-6 selenium-treated groups had significantly
lower tumor selenium levels than the adequate vitamin
B-6 untreated group. Plasma pyridoxal phosphate
(concentrations) determined radiometrically and tumor
vitamin B-6 levels determined microbiologically, related directly to dietary treatments. Sodium selenite
injections and adequate vitamin B-6 diets reduced the
size of fibrosarcomas in BALB/c inbred mice.Master of Science
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O'steen, Jennifer Robin. "Prepulse Inhibition and the Acoustic Startle Response in Nine Inbred Mouse Strains." Scholar Commons, 2003. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1443.
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This study examined the effects of genetic background on the acoustic startle response (ASR) and its modulation by prepulse inhibition (PPI) by comparing nine inbred strains of mice. The ASR, a jerk-like motor reflex, is elicited by bursts of noise or tones with sound pressure levels of 80-90 dB and greater. PPI is a type of modulation of the ASR, requires no training, and results in observable response in both mice and humans.
Data were obtained from nine inbred mouse strains, sixteen per strain, which were shipped at approximately 3-5 weeks old from The Jackson Laboratory. In general, ASRs were generally smaller when the startle stimulus was less intense. PPI was relatively weak for the 4 kHz prepulse, and stronger with prepulses of 12 kHz and 20 kHz. However, means varied widely across strains for both ASR and PPI, suggesting a strong influence of genetic background on these behaviors. In addition to genetic influences, peripheral hearing loss and central auditory processing factors must be taken into consideration.
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Duarte, Nadia. "Molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes /." Umeå : Medical Biosciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-601.
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Galdones, Eugene. "The role of retinoic acid receptor gamma in retinoid-induced limb dysmorphogenesis /." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115711.
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Retinol (vitamin A) and its active metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid, signal through nuclear retinoic acid and retinoid X receptor (RAR/RXR) heterodimers. These complexes regulate the expression of genes involved in developmental processes such as limb development. In excess, retinoids are potent teratogens and cause marked reductive effects on the developing limb. The goal of this thesis was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying retinoid-induced limb dysmorphogenesis. Specifically, using an in vitro limb culture system, I examined the involvement of one RAR isoform, RARgamma, in mediating retinoid insult.My first objective was to examine how limbs deficient in RARgamma responded to exogenous retinoid exposure. I showed that RARgamma-null limbs (on an RARalpha1-null background) exhibited less severe limb defects following retinoid insult when compared to their wild-type counterparts. Additionally, the absence of RARgamma abolished the retinoid-induced misregulation of genes important for chondrogenesis (Sox9 and Col2a1 ) and limb outgrowth (Meis-1 and -2).
The next objective set out to determine how pharmacological activation of RARgamma affected limb development. The RARgamma-selective agonist (BMS-189961) caused limb dysmorphology (namely, effects on cartilage) that was comparable to pan-RAR activation with all-trans retinoic acid. A chondrogenesis-focused gene array analysis identified Mgp and Gdf10 as two RARgamma-responsive genes that may mediate retinoid-induced limb insult.
Subsequently, I assessed the functional involvement of Mgp in mediating retinoid teratogenicity. Limbs were treated with all- trans retinoic acid and warfarin (an inhibitor of MGP); warfarin co-treatment rescued limbs from retinoid-induced insult.
My final objective was to determine the importance of Gdf10 in mediating limb development. Recombinant human Gdf10-soaked beads were implanted into distal limb structures; ectopic overexpression of Gdf10 in the web (but not the digital ray) resulted in marked proximal limb malformations.
Collectively, these studies have illustrated the importance of RARgamma in retinoid teratology and have identified several potential mechanisms by which retinoids cause limb defects.
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Rubin, Matthew Aaron. "Multiscale characterization of the ultrastructure of trabecular bone in osteoporotic and normal humans and in two inbred strains of mice." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18949.
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Marchica, Cinzia Loreta 1984. "Allergen-induced asthma is decreased in decorin-deficient mice." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116096.
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Decorin, is an extracellular matrix proteoglycan with important biological functions. Decorin deficiency affects collagen fibrillogenesis, airway mechanics, airway-parenchymal interdependence, and airway smooth muscle proliferation and apoptosis. We questioned whether decorin deficiency would alter allergen-induced asthma in a mouse model. Decorin-/- and decorin+/+ mice (C57Bl/6) were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. Control animals received saline. Responsiveness was assessed at baseline and after delivery of increasing concentrations of methacholine. Histological analyses were also performed. Decorin deficiency resulted in more modest hyperresponsiveness. Respiratory resistance and elastance along with tissue damping and tissue elastance, were increased in ovalbumin decorin +/+ and decorin-/-, but more so in decorin+/+ . Airway resistance was increased in ovalbumin decorin+/+ only. Inflammation and collagen staining within the airway wall, were increased in ovalbumin decorin+/+ mice only; whereas biglycan was significantly increased in ovalbumin decorin-/- mice only. These results reflect the role of decorin in the development of allergen-induced asthma.
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Hardaway, John C. Zaghouani Habib. "Examination of neonatal immunity in IL-13 receptor alpha 1 deficient mice." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6977.
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The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on January 5, 2010). Vita. Thesis advisor: Habib Zaghouani. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ghasemlou, Nader. "Cellular and molecular characterization of inflammation in the injured spinal cord." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111906.
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a well-orchestrated inflammatory response which causes secondary tissue damage. Activated macrophages contribute to this cytotoxic response, which includes damage to neurons, glia and myelin, and tissue loss that worsens functional outcomes after SCI. However, activated macrophages in the spinal cord under other conditions are not cytotoxic, such as after intraspinal injection of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a potent demyelinating agent. Recovery from SCI may be optimized by reducing the detrimental effects of macrophages while promoting their beneficial ones. Therefore, I compared spinal cord tissue, as well as purified macrophages, from mice after SCI (cytotoxic response) and intraspinal LPC injection (non-cytotoxic response). As a first step to carry out this work, I characterized the injury parameters for SCI contusion injury (i.e. injury force and spinal cord displacement) in mice using the Infinite Horizons impactor (Chapter 2). This lesioning model was used in other work for the thesis. The role T cells may play in mediating macrophage activation after LPC microinjection and SCI was also assessed using Nude mice (Chapter 3). Next, Affymetrix GeneChip analysis was carried out on spinal cord tissue obtained at the peak of the macrophage response after SCI and intraspinal LPC injection to identify potential candidate genes that may control the divergent inflammatory responses (Chapter 4). Several potential genes were identified. I next characterized the expression and role of one of these genes, MAPK activated protein kinase 2 (MK2), and showed that it mediates secondary tissue damage after SCI via several mechanisms (Chapter 5). The differences in gene expression profiles of macrophages purified from the spinal cord after SCI and LPC-injection were also assessed (Chapter 6). This microarray analysis of macrophages led to the identification of 10 novel candidate genes, two of which were validated at the protein level. Finally, I also examined the expression and role of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in SCI (Chapter 7). Using a combination of knockout/overexpressing transgenic mice and recombinant SLPI, I found that SLPI mediates protective anti-inflammatory effects after SCI. In conclusion, work done for this thesis has led to the identification of several novel molecules that influence the inflammatory response after injury and thus have led to the identification of potentially novel targets for the development of pharmacological approaches to treat acute SCI.
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Yang, Lanjian 1976. "Effect of DNA methyltransferase 1 on transmission ratio distortion and epigenetic inheritance." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116080.
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Epigenetic modification of DNA plays an important role in gene regulation. During gametogenesis and early embryogenesis epigenetic states are reset to ensure embryonic-specific gene expression patterns after fertilization. However, certain genomic regions may resist epigenetic reprogramming. This may result in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Earlier, a grandparental origin dependent (GPO) transmission ratio distortion (TRD) of alleles in the distal region of mouse chromosome 12 had been found (Croteau et al ., 2002). The distorted region overlaps with the imprinted region of chromosome 12. The mechanism underlying this TRD is unknown, and we hypothesized that it was due to failure to reset imprints in the imprinted region in a proportion of germ cells. Such an imprint resetting failure would represent a particular case of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. DNA (Cytosine-5) methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) plays a key role in the maintenance of epigenetic states in mammalian genomes. To test the role of DNA methylation and DNMT1 in the genesis of TRD and its relationship to epigenetic inheritance we investigated the effect of Dnmt1 loss-of-function mutations using two mouse models: GPO (grandparental origin dependent)-TRD (transmission ratio distortion) and epigenetic inheritance at the agouti locus. Here, we report that Dnmt1 mutations have a modifying parental effect on the transmission of grandparental chromosome 12 alleles. However, the same Dnmt1 mutation did not affect the agouti coat color inheritance patterns in mice that inherited the Avy (agouti viable yellow) mutant allele from the father. Our results suggest that Dnmt1 is a trans-acting modifier of allelic transmission and support the role of epigenetic states in the genesis of TRD.
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Dhaher, Ronnie. "Determining the role of the extended amygdala in regulating alcohol consumption in C57BL/6J mice : a dissertation." Oregon Health & Science University, 2007. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,644.
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Ph.D.Behavioral Neuroscience
The purpose of the research described in this dissertation was to determine the neural circuits involved with baseline ethanol consumption and increases in ethanol consumption seen in our animal model of ethanol dependency (further described below). The brain region of focus was the central extended amygdala (cEA) since this region has been shown to be involved in baseline consumption and self-administration of ethanol in rats (Hyytia & Koob, 1995; Eiler et al., 2002) and the changes in ethanol consumption induced by chronic intermittent ethanol vapor exposure seen in rats and mice (Funk et al., 2006; Finn et al., 2007). To determine if the cEA is involved in these behavioral phenotypes, the components of the cEA were lesioned separately. These components included the lateral posterior portion of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTLP), the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and the nucleus accumbens shell (NAc shell). Chapter 2 illustrates that lesions of the BNSTLP decreased baseline ethanol consumption in a 2 hr limited access procedure, but not in a continuous access procedure. Chapter 3 and chapter 4 illustrate that the CeA and NAc shell are involved in baseline ethanol consumption in a limited access procedure, since lesions of these nuclei decreased ethanol consumption. To determine if these nuclei were involved in increases in ethanol consumption, a murine model of ethanol dependency was used. In this procedure C57BL/6J (B6) mice are first acclimated to a limited access two-bottle choice preference procedure. The access period begins 3 hrs into the dark-cycle and continues for 2 hrs. Once acclimated, mice undergo chronic exposure to and intermittent withdrawal from ethanol vapor. Results from chapter 4 indicate that intermittent vapor exposure, as opposed to continuous ethanol vapor exposure, optimizes the increased ethanol x consumption response. As indicated in chapter 2, 3, and 4, lesions of these three components of the cEA did not block the intermittent ethanol vapor induced increase in ethanol consumption. In chapter 4, to determine the brain regions that activate in response to increases in ethanol consumption, a c-fos immunoreactivity study was carried out. The results suggest that the NAc shell and NAc core are the two main brain regions that activate as a result of ethanol consumption specifically in the mice that have been exposed to the intermittent ethanol vapor exposure that show the increase in ethanol consumption. Thus the results suggest that while the NAc shell activates in response to heightened levels of ethanol consumption, it is not necessary to see this increase in ethanol consumption. Overall, the results from these three chapters suggest that while the components of the cEA are involved in baseline ethanol consumption, and are responsive to changes in ethanol consumption (as was the case with the NAc shell), they are not necessary to see the ethanol vapor induced increase in ethanol consumption. These results have implications for understanding the neural circuitry involved in ethanol dependence.
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Rossi, Thiago. "Estudo do efeito do gangliosideo GM1 sobre os nervos perifericos do camundongo NOD (Non Obese Diabetic)." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311769.
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Orientador: Ricardo de Lima ZollnerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A linhagem de camundongos NOD (non obese diabetic) desenvolve espontaneamente diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM-1) com marcante similaridade ao observado em humanos, que se estabelece entre 12ª e 24ª semana de vida. Os gangliosideos são glicoesfingolipídeos de membrana que contém ácido siálico em sua composição e estão presentes na maioria das células dos vertebrados sendo particularmente abundantes no sistema nervoso. Gangliosídeos exógenos são capazes de acelerar a regeneração de nervos periféricos danificados, porém tem sido relacionados com síndromes neuropáticas periféricas como a síndrome de Guilláin Barret onde os pacientes apresentam anticorpos anti-gangliosídeos especificamente contra o gangliosídeo GM1. Entretanto os mecanismos ainda permanecem controversos. Nossos resultados sugerem que administração de GM1 na dose de 100mg/kg/dia em camundongos NOD e Balb/C fêmeas a partir da 4ª semana de vida não é capaz de provocar neuropatia clínica e que animais diabéticos apresentaram maior imunoreatividade para GM1 nos nervos periféricos com presença de marcação para NGF somente em camundongos Balb/C. Os animais diabéticos tratados com GM1 demonstraram queda na atividade nervosa, em contraste os camundongos Balb/C tratados com GM1 apresentaram aumento significativo na atividade nervosa
Abstract: The strain of NOD mice (non obese diabetic) spontaneously develops diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM-1) similarity to the observed in humans. In this model, the diabetes manifestation occurs between 12th and 24th weeks of life, with presence of pancreas-specific autoantibodies. The gangliosides are glycosphingolipids of membrane that contains sialic acid in their composition and are present in the majority of cells from vertebrates and are particularly abundant in the nervous system. Exogenous gangliosides are capable to increase regeneration in damaged peripheral nerves. However, the gangliosides are related with peripheral neuropathics syndromes as the syndrome of Guilláin Barret in which the patients specifically present antibodies against gangliosides GM1, however these mechanisms still remain controversial. Our results suggest that administration of GM1 in the dose of 100mg/kg/day in female NOD and Balb/C mice at the 4th week of life is not capable to provoke clinical peripheral neuropathy and that diabetic animals present major immunoreactivity for GM1 in peripheral nerves with the presence of immunoreactivity to NGF only in Balb/C mice. Diabetic animals treated with GM1 showed lower nervous activity when compared to Balb/C mice, which presented significant increase
Mestrado
Ciencia Basica
Mestre em Clinica Medica
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Johansson, Sofia. "NK cell recognition : adaptability to host factors in normal and diabetic mice /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-317-5/.
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Motta, Vinícius. "The genetic basis of T and B cell contribution to autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice /." Umeå : Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-728.
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Campbell, Holly R. 1976. "Chlorine-induced lung injury and the role of iNOS." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111574.
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Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS), a form of irritant-induced asthma (IIA) has been observed in humans following acute chlorine (Cl 2) gas exposure in occupational and domestic settings. Following Cl 2 injury, subepithelial fibrosis, mucous hyperplasia, and non-specific airway hyperresponsiveness have been reported. Based on the disease profile, we hypothesized that pulmonary damage may be oxidative in nature.The aim of this work was to develop a murine model of irritant-induced asthma in order to investigate the pathogenic processes and potential oxidative mechanisms involved in response to Cl2 exposure, with a secondary aim of examining the role of iNOS in response to Cl2 inhalation.
A/J, C57BI/6J (wild type) and iNOS-1- mice exposed to various concentrations of Cl2 were mechanically ventilated for measurement of lung mechanics and responses to i.v. methacholine (MCh). Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to examine total protein, cell populations and nitrate/nitrates. Tissues were harvested for histology and immunocytochemistry for iNOS, 3NT and carbonyl residues. To examine the role of iNOS, a subset of animals were treated with a selective iNOS inhibitor (1400W) and non-selective NOS inhibitor LNAME.
Chlorine exposure caused airway hyperresponsiveness, which appeared to be mitigated by iNOS blockade with 1400W, however this was not the case in iNOS-1- mice. Cl2 exposure also caused increases in total BAL protein, total cells, NOx, neutrophils, iNOS, 3NT and carbonyl residues.
In conclusion, chlorine exposure causes lung injury, similar to reactive airways dysfunction syndrome, characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, epithelial sloughing, inflammatory cell influx, oxidative injury and increases in both the activity and expression of iNOS. Chlorine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness is mitigated, in part, by selective blockade of iNOS with the use of pharmacological intervention.
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Pearson, Todd. "The Genetic Basis of Resistance to Transplantation Tolerance Induced by Costimulation Blockade in NOD Mice: a Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2003. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/16.
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The NOD mouse is a widely studied model of type 1 diabetes. The loss of self-tolerance leading to autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice involves at least 27 genetic loci. Curing type I diabetes in mice and humans by islet transplantation requires overcoming both allorejection and recurrent autoimmunity. This has been achieved with systemic immunosuppression, but tolerance induction would be preferable. In addition to their genetic defects in self-tolerance, NOD mice resist peripheral transplantation tolerance induced by costimulation blockade using donor-specific transfusion and anti-CDl54 antibody. Failure has been attributed to the underlying autoimmunity, assuming that autoimmunity and resistance to transplantation tolerance have a common basis. Hypothesizing that these two abnormalities might be related, we investigated whether they had a common genetic basis. Diabetes-resistant NOD and C57BL/6 stocks congenic for various reciprocally introduced Idd loci were assessed for their ability to be tolerized. Surprisingly, in NOD congenic mice that are almost completely protected from diabetes, costimulation blockade failed to prolong skin allograft survival. In reciprocal C57BL/6 congenic mice with NOD-derived Idd loci, skin allograft survival was readily prolonged by costimulation blockade. Unexpectedly, we observed that (NOD x C57BL/6)F1 mice, which have no diabetes, nonetheless resist induction of tolerance to skin allografts. Further analyses revealed that the F1 mice shared the dendritic cell maturation defects and abnormal CD4+ T cell responses of the NOD but had lost its defects in macrophage maturation and NK cell activity. Finally, using a genome wide scan approach, we have identified four suggestive markers in the mouse genome that control the survival of skin allografts following DST and anti-CD154 mAb therapy. We suggest that mechanisms controlling autoimmunity and transplantation tolerance in NOD mice are not completely overlapping and are potentially distinct, or that the genetic threshold for normalizing the transplantation tolerance defect is higher than that for preventing autoimmune diabetes. We conclude that resistance to allograft tolerance induction in the NOD mouse is not a direct consequence of overt autoimmunity and that autoimmunity and resistance to costimulation blockade-induced transplantation tolerance phenotypes in NOD mice are not under identical genetic control.
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Hu, Wei. "Genomic determinants of alcohol effects /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1545571871&sid=1&Fmt=6&clientId=18952&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Pharmacology) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-149). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Sales, Loyane Almeida Gama. "Caracterização da motilidade e morfologia gastrintestinal em camundongos BALB/c e C57BL/6J." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181781.
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Orientador: Madileine Francely AméricoResumo: A contratilidade do músculo liso e o trânsito gastrintestinal (GI) são importantes parâmetros da motilidade, cujas alterações podem comprometer a absorção de nutrientes e a biodisponibilidade de fármacos. Diversos fármacos apresentam efeitos adversos associados ao trato GI e, mesmo aqueles utilizados para controlar esses efeitos, podem provocar alterações importantes na motilidade ainda pouco conhecidas. Camundongos das linhagens C57BL/6 e BALB/c são amplamente utilizados nas pesquisas biomédicas, entretanto poucos estudos consideram os parâmetros motores GI. Diante de métodos escassos para avaliar a motilidade in vivo e da importância de conhecer a fisiologia básica dos camundongos, bem como o efeito de fármacos sobre o trato GI, objetivou-se: 1) desenvolver protocolo para avaliação da contratilidade duodenal e trânsito gastrintestinal por meio da Biosusceptometria de Corrente Alternada (BAC), e avaliar comparativamente a morfologia e função gastrintestinal de camundongos das linhagens BALB/c e C57BL/6J e, 2) avaliar o efeito GI do tratamento com cisplatina e a influência da dexametasona como antiemético. A partir deste trabalho foi possível implementar um protocolo experimental inédito, por meio da BAC, para avaliar a contratilidade duodenal e o trânsito gastrintestinal em camundongos. Após prévia implantação de marcador magnético no duodeno de camundongos, observou-se uma alta e uma baixa frequência de contração, expressas em ciclos por minuto (cpm). BALB/c e C57BL/6J apre... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The smooth muscle contractility and gastrointestinal (GI) transit are important parameters of motility, whose alterations may compromise nutrient absorption and bioavailability of drugs. Several drugs have side effects associated with the GI tract and, even those used to control these effects may cause significant changes in motility that are still poorly understood. Mice C57BL/6 and BALB/c strains are widely used in biomedical research, but a few studies consider the GI motor parameters. In front of scarce methods to evaluate the in vivo motility and the importance of knowing the basic physiology of the mice, as well as the effect of drugs on the GI tract. Then, the objectives of this study were 1) to develop protocol for the evaluation of duodenal contractility and gastrointestinal transit through Alternating Current Biosusceptometry (ACB), and comparing the morphology and gastrointestinal function of BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice, and 2) to evaluate the GI effect of cisplatin treatment and the influence of dexamethasone as an antiemetic. From this work, it was possible to implement an original experimental protocol, through the BAC, to evaluate the duodenal contractility and the gastrointestinal transit in mice. After the previous implantation of a magnetic marker in the duodenum of mice, a high and low frequency of contraction, expressed in cycles per minute (cpm), was observed. BALB/c and C57BL/6J presented a high frequency of 40 cpm, while the low frequency in BALB/c was 29 ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Hermes, Túlio de Almeida 1991. "Influência do cilostazol na degeneração muscular de camundongos MDX." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317502.
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Orientador: Elaine MinatelDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Estresse oxidativo e resposta inflamatória exacerbada são fatores que contribuem com a fisiopatogênese da distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD). No presente trabalho, avaliamos se a administração de Cilostazol, antes que se iniciem os ciclos degeneração/regeneração, diminui a degeneração muscular em camundongos mdx, modelo experimental da DMD. Nossa hipótese é que o Cilostazol possa apresentar efeito benéfico sobre as fibras musculares distróficas, uma vez que, este apresenta efeitos anti-inflamatório (reduzindo a expressão de citocinas pró-inflamatórias como o TNF-?, IL-1? e IL-6) e antioxidante (diminuindo a atividade de superóxido e eliminando radicais hidroxilas). Para verificar o efeito do cilostazol sobre as fibras musculares distróficas, camundongos mdx, com 14 dias de vida, receberam por gavagem 100 mg/kg de Cilostazol, por 14 dias consecutivos (grupo mdxC). Camundongos mdx não tratados (grupo mdx) e da linhagem C57BL/10 (grupo Ctrl) foram utilizados como controle. A análise de medida de força realizada em todos os animais (antes e após o período de tratamento) demonstrou que os animais do grupo mdxC apresentaram maior força muscular (cerca de 32%) em relação ao grupo mdx. Na análise bioquímica da degeneração muscular (análise de creatina quinase- CK em amostras de sangue), observou-se aumento significativo nos níveis séricos de CK nos camundongos mdx em relação aos animais controle e redução significativa de 63,2% deste aumento nos mdx tratados com Cilostazol. Na análise histológica dos músculos bíceps braquial (BB), diafragma (DIA) e tibial anterior (TA), verificou-se redução de 93,6% de fibras em degeneração (indicadas pela marcação com azul de Evans) no músculo BB, redução de 66,6% e 36,7% de fibras regeneradas (indicadas pela presença de núcleo centralizado) nos músculos TA e DIA, respectivamente e redução de 39,1% na área de inflamação no músculo BB dos animais do grupo mdxC em relação ao grupo mdx. Através da técnica de western blotting, moléculas envolvidas no processo inflamatório como o TNF-? e NF-?B e um dos produtos da peroxidação lipídica, o 4-HNE, foram analisados nos músculos BB, DIA e TA. Nos animais do grupo mdxC, observou-se diminuição significativa no conteúdo de TNF-? nos músculos DIA (48,5%), TA (35,4%) e BB (45,9%) em relação ao controle. O conteúdo de NF-?B apresentou-se reduzido 25,9% no músculo DIA. O conteúdo de 4-HNE reduziu nos músculos analisados do grupos mdxC, porém esta redução não foi significativa. Na reação Dihydroetidio (DHE) para detecção de espécies reativas de oxigênio, o tratamento com Cilostazol demonstrou ser potencialmente eficaz contra o estresse oxidativo, reduzindo a marcação de DHE em 36,8%, 40,4%, e 75,4% nos músculos BB, TA e DIA, respectivamente. Na análise de vascularização, observamos que os animais tratados com Cilostazol apresentaram aumento da densidade de microvasos no tecido muscular (cerca de 42,7% para o músculo BB e 15,3% para o músculo DIA). Em relação à análise da atividade antioxidante no músculo quadríceps (QUA), identificamos aumento na quantidade de GSH (33,1%) e na atividade da GR (89,1%), no grupo mdx em relação ao Ctrl. Em relação ao tratamento, este não apresentou efeito sobre a atividade antioxidante. O conjunto dos resultados nos permite sugerir que o Cilostazol apresenta potencial efeito benéfico sobre as fibras musculares distróficas
Abstract: Oxidative stress and exacerbated inflammatory response are factors that contribute to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) pathogenesis. In this work, we evaluated whether administration of Cilostazol, before beginning the degeneration/regeneration cycles, reduces muscle degeneration in mdx mice, an experimental model of DMD. Our hypothesis is that the Cilostazol may provide beneficial effects on dystrophic muscle fibers, since this has anti-inflammatory effects (reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-?, IL-1? and IL-6) and antioxidant (decreasing the activity of superoxide and eliminating hydroxyl radicals). To evaluate the Cilostazol effects on dystrophic muscle fibers, mdx mice, 14 days old, received by gavage 100 mg/kg of Cilostazol for 14 consecutive days (mdxC group). Mdx mice untreated (mdx group) and C57BL/10 mice (group Ctrl) were used as controls. Analysis strength measurement performed in all animals (before and after the treatment period) demonstrated that the animals of the mdxC group higher muscle strength (by 32%) compared to mdx group. In biochemical analysis of muscle degeneration (creatina kinase ¿ CK analysis in blood samples), there was significant increase in CK levels in mdx mice compared to control animals and a significant reduction by 63.2% of this increase in Cilostazol treated mdx. Histological analysis of the biceps brachial (BB), diaphragm (DIA) and tibial anterior (TA), showed a reduction of 93.6% of degenerating fibers (indicated by labeling with Evans blue) in the BB muscle, reduction of 66.6% and 36.7% of regenerated fibers (defined by central nuclei presence) in TA and DIA muscles respectively, and a reduction by 39.1% in inflammation area in BB muscle of mdxC group compared to mdx group. By the western blotting technique, molecules involved in inflammation such as TNF-? and NF-?B and one of the lipid peroxidation product, 4-HNE, were analyzed in the BB, DIA and TA muscles. In animals of mdxC group, we observed a significant decrease in TNF-? content in DIA (48.5%), TA (35.4%) and BB (45.9%) compared to control muscles. The NF-?B content had been reduced by 25.9% in the DIA muscle. The 4-HNE content reduced in the muscles analyzed in mdxC groups, but this reduction was not significant. In Dihydroethidium (DHE) reaction for detecting reactive oxygen species, treatment with Cilostazol shown to be potentially effective against oxidative stress, reducing DHE marking by 36.8%, 40.4% and 75.4% in BB, TA and DIA muscles, respectively. In the vasculature analysis, we observed that cilostazol treated animals showed increased microvessel density in muscle tissue (approximately by 42.7% for the BB muscle and 15.3% for DIA muscle). On the analysis of antioxidant activity in the quadriceps (QUA), we identified an increase in the GSH content (33.1%) and GR activity (89.15) in the mdx group compared to Ctrl group. Regarding treatment, this had no effect on antioxidant activity. The results together suggest that cilostazol has a potential beneficial effect on the dystrophic muscle fibers
Mestrado
Anatomia
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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Chou, Ping-Jen. "The Modulation by Anthrax Toxins of Dendritic Cell Activation." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002791.
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Chagnon, Mélanie J. 1977. "Physiological and molecular functions of the murine receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (RPTP[sigma])." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115661.
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The control of cellular tyrosine phosphorylation levels is of great importance in many biological systems. Among the kinases and phosphatases that modulate these levels, the LAR-RPTPs have been suggested to act in several key aspects of neural development, and in a dysfunctional manner in various pathologies from diabetes to cancer. The aim of this thesis is to describe the physiological functions of one of the members of this subfamily of RPTPs, namely RPTPsigma. First, we showed that glucose homeostasis is altered in RPTPsigma null mice. They are hypoglycemic and more sensitive to exogenous insulin and we proposed that the insulin hypersensitivity observed in RPTPsigma-null mice is likely secondary to their neuroendocrine dysplasia and GH/IGF-1 deficiency. In addition to regulating nervous system development, RPTPsigma was previously shown to regulate axonal regeneration after injury. In the absence of RPTPsigma, axonal regeneration in the sciatic, facial and optical nerves was enhanced following nerve crush. However, myelin-associated growth inhibitory proteins and components of the glial scar such as CSPGs (chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans) have long been known to inhibit axonal regeneration in the CNS, making spinal cord injury irreversible. In collaboration with Dr Samuel David, we unveiled that RPTPsigma null mice are able to regenerate their corticospinal tract following spinal cord hemisections as opposed to their WT littermates. We then isolated primary neurons from both sets of animals and found that the absence of RPTPsigma promotes the ability of the neurons to adhere to certain inhibitory substrates. Finally, in order to better understand the physiological role of RPTPsigma, we used a yeast substrate-trapping approach, to screen a murine embryonic library for new substrates. This screen identified the RhoGAP p250GAP as a new substrate, suggesting a downstream role for RPTPsigma in RhoGTPase signaling. We also identified p130Cas and Fyn as new binding partners. All these proteins have clear functional links to neurite extension. The characterization of RPTPsigma and its signaling partners is essential for understanding its role in neurological development and may one day translate into treatments of neural diseases and injuries.
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Tonkin, Daniel R. "TGF-[beta]-induced regulatory T cells in type I diabetes : function and antigen dependence /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2007.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Immunology) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2007.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-202). Free to UCD affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Gregg, Randal K. "Mechanisms underlying diabetogenesis in the NOD mouse." Free to MU campus, others may purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115548.
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Cui, Yue. "Biologie des cellules MAIT chez la souris." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T039/document.
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Les cellules T invariantes associées aux muqueuse (MAIT) sont des lymphocytes innés caractérisés par l'expression d'un récepteur des cellules T semi-invariant (iTCR) et restreints par la molécule du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité de classe Ib, MR1. Chez l'homme, les cellules MAIT sont abondantes dans le sang (1 à 10%), l'intestin (3 à 5%) et le foie (20 à 40%) et réagissent contre des métabolites microbiens. En raison de leur rareté dans les souris de laboratoire classiques, les études sur les cellules MAIT murines ont été principalement effectuées sur des souris transgéniques (Tg) pour des TCR MAIT. Cependant, ces cellules MAIT Tg ne récapitulent pas de manière adéquate le phénotype des cellules MAIT humaines. Ici, nous décrivons une souche de souris congénique que nous avons générée qui possède des cellules MAIT qui ressemblent aux cellules MAIT humaines. Nous utilisons cet outil pour étudier les caractéristiques des cellules MAIT murines. L'étude de souches de souris consanguines d'origine sauvage montre que la souche CAST/Ei présente une fréquence des cellules MAIT nettement supérieur à celle retrouvée dans la souche C57BL/6. Un seul locus est impliqué et a été localisé dans la région TCRα. Ceci a permis la génération d'une souche "MAIT" congénique, qui ont été en outre croisé à une souris Tg pour un rapporteur GFP du facteur transcriptionnel RORγt sur la base de données antérieurs montrant que les MAITs humaines expriment ce facteur. Grâce à cet outil, nous montrons que les MAITs murines sont CD4−CD8−/lo, ont un phénotype mémoire effecteurs (CD44+) et coexpriment PLZF et RORγt. Ces MAITs murines sont orientées vers une localisation tissulaire (CCR6+CCR7−) et résident préférentiellement dans les tissus non lymphoïdes périphériques, y compris les poumons, le foie et la peau. Après stimulation du TCR, les MAITs produisent des cytokines TH1/2/17 et sont aussi activées par de antigènes bactériens (par exemple semi-purifié fraction bactérienne ou 5-OP-RU) d'une manière dépendant de MR1. Les MAITs ont une forte expression de récepteurs de cytokines (IL-7R, IL-18Rα, IL-12Rβ) et peuvent ainsi répondre à des cytokines innées. Lors d'une infection expérimentale des voies urinaires, les MAITs migrent vers la vessie et ont une activité protectrice anti-bactérienne. Au total, nos résultats démontrent que les cellules MAIT murines ressemblent étroitement à leurs homologues humains. Ce nouveau modèle murin sera un outil puissant pour faire avancer notre compréhension de la biologie des cellules MAIT en situation normale et pathologiqueMucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) are innate lymphocytes that express a semi-invariant T cell receptor (iTCR) and are restricted by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) related molecule, MR1. In human, MAIT cells are abundant in the blood (1-10%), gut (3-5%), and liver (20-40%). They react against microbial-derived riboflavin metabolites that are common in bacteria and yeast. Due to the paucity of MAIT cells in classical inbred laboratory mice, studies on mouse MAIT cells were mostly performed in TCR-transgenic (Tg) mice. However, these Tg MAIT cells do not adequately recapitulate the phenotype of human MAIT cells. Herein, we present a recently generated congenic mouse strain harboring MAIT cells that closely resemble human MAIT cells and use this tool to study the characteristics of natural mouse MAIT cell. An analysis of wild-derived inbred mouse strains revealed that CAST/Ei strain has increased frequency of MAIT cells than C57BL/6 mice. This was linked to a locus on the TCRα region. Introduction of such locus into C57BL/6 mice generated a “MAIT” congenic strain, which were further crossed to Rorc(γt)-GfpTG reporter strain based on previous findings of RORγt expression on human MAIT cells. Using this tool, we show that natural mouse MAIT cells are CD4−CD8−/lo, display an effector memory phenotype (CD44+), and coexpress the transcription factors PLZF and RORγt. They exhibit tissue-homing properties (CCR6+CCR7−) and preferentially reside in peripheral non-lymphoid tissues, including lung, liver, and skin. Upon TCR ligation, MAIT cells produce TH1/2/17 type cytokines and react to bacterial-derived antigens (i.e. semi-purified bacterial fraction or 5-OP-RU) in an MR1-dependent manner. They have high expression of cytokine receptors (IL-7R, IL-18Rα, IL-12Rβ) and may respond to the corresponding innate cytokines. During experimental urinary tract infection, MAIT cells migrate to the bladder and display a protective anti-bacterial activity. Altogether, our results demonstrate that mouse MAIT cells resemble their human counterparts more closely than previously recognized and therefore this new mouse model will be a powerful tool for advancing our understanding of MAIT cell biology in health and disease
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Yin, Zhi-Jun. "Effects of Long-Term Exposure of Normal C57bl/6j Inbred Mice to 17beta-Estradiol on Gene Expression in Lymphocytes: Mrna Analysis of Lymphokines and Bcl-2/Fas." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46513.
Full textAbstract:
It is now clear that human and animal exposure to estrogenic compound occurs through several sources. This include: i) naturally occurring endogenous estrogens, ii) exogenous or intentional estrogens for prophylactic (e.g. oral contraceptive) and therapeutic (e.g. as replacement therapy for ovulation in nulliparous women and in menopausal women, and in some men suffering from prostate cancer) purposes, iii) accidental via estrogenic chemical exposure (e.g. pesticides, industrial byproducts) and phytoestrogens (e.g. soybeans). It has long been recognized that estrogen, a female sex hormone, functions not only on the reproductive system, but also on various other systems including the immune system. Estrogens are thought to be of both physiologic and pathologic importance. Female in general, have better immune capabilities than males, a phenomenon attributed to the action of sex hormones on the immune system. There is also a female-gender bias in susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Estrogens have been
linked either directly or indirectly to the etiology and pathogenesis of various female-predominant autoimmune diseases. Estrogens have also been linked to the onset of cancer, and conditions where the immune system often malfunctions. Estrogen affects the functions of both B and T cells, possibly by regulating such factors as lymphokine gene expression and/or cellular death by apoptosis. However, the functioning of both B and T cells under the influence of long-term exposure to estrogen has not been fully understood.
The primary aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to 17b-estradiol on lymphokine and bcl-2/fas (proto-oncogenes) mRNA expression. We evaluated the effects of estrogen on the expression of genes for lymphokines, which are essential for the immune response. It is hypothesized that estrogen may regulate the immune system by modifying the expression of lymphokine genes and/or genes that regulate apoptosis.
The results demonstrated that long-term 17b-estradiol exposure reduced the viability of lymphocytes when compared to lymphocytes from placebo-treated mice. IL-2 and IFN-g mRNA was consistently higher in ConA-stimulated lymphocytes from estrogen-treated mice (P < 0.05). The mRNA for TGF-b1 lymphokine was also increased but was not consistent at all time points of incubation. The expression of IL-4 mRNA was not noticeably affected by estrogen treatment of mice. Long-term exposure to 17b-estradiol appear to have some influence on the mRNA expression of proto-oncogenes fas and bcl-2 in splenic and thymic T lymphocytes. There was a trend of increased bcl-2 mRNA expression in estrogen-treated mice compared to placebo-treated mice, whereas the mRNA expression of fas gene appeared to be lower compared to controls. Overall, these findings suggest that 17b-estradiol may selectively influence lymphokine and proto-oncogene mRNA expression. These results suggest that the one mode of modulation of the immune response by 17b-estradiol may be through alterations in the lymphokine and proto-oncogene expression.
Since estrogen-treatment markedly induces atrophy of the thymus and diminishes the cellularity of the lymphoid organs (e.g. Spleen), it became necessary to perform multiple assays on the same cells, particularly lymphokine and apoptosis gene expression. A secondary objective of this thesis was to investigate whether lymphocytes, which have undergone proliferation in Lympho-Proâ ¢ assay (Alamar Blue assay), could be utilized for further analysis. In this regard, we found that a non-radioactive assay that utilizes Alamar Blue had significant advantages over the conventional 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. By using cells from estrogen and placebo-treated mice in the Alamar Blue assay, we found that this assay not only allowed determination of lymphocyte proliferation, but also the assessment of mRNA expression, cytogenetics, apoptosis and immunophenotyping of the same lymphocytes.Master of Science
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Burgos, Rafael Ramos de 1981. "Influência da nifedipina e da coenzima Q10 no processo de degeneração/regeneração muscular em camundongos mdx." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317504.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Elaine MinatelDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Tratamentos com antioxidantes e bloqueadores de canais de cálcio têm apresentado resultados positivos na diminuição da mionecrose nas fibras musculares distróficas. O objetivo do presente projeto foi verificar se o tratamento com o bloqueador de cálcio Nifedipina (Ni) e o antioxidante Coenzima Q10 (CoQ10), administrados isoladamente ou em associação antes que se iniciem os ciclos de degeneração/regeneração muscular, pode apresentar efeito benéfico sobre as fibras musculares distróficas de camundongos mdx, modelo experimental da distrofia muscular de Duchenne. Camundongos mdx com 14 dias de vida pós-natal foram divididos em 4 grupos experimentais: (1) tratados com álcool 20% e solução aquosa 1% de Tween 80; (2) tratados com a associação de Ni e CoQ10; (3) tratados com Ni isoladamente; (4) e tratados com somente CoQ10. Camundongos da linhagem C57BL/10 foram usados como controle. Os músculos tibial anterior (TA), diafragma (DIA) e esternomastóideo (STN) foram retirados e utilizados para quantificar: (1) o número de fibras em degeneração, regeneradas e normais; (2) o nível de TNF-?, NF-?B e 4-HNE; (3) o conteúdo de cálcio total; e (4) a área de inflamação muscular. Amostras de sangue foram utilizadas para determinação dos níveis creatina quinase (CK). Os animais tratados com Ni apresentaram: redução significativa de fibras em degeneração no músculo TA, redução nos níveis de TNF-? em todos os músculos analisados e no conteúdo de NF-?B e cálcio no músculo DIA. Animais mdx tratados com Coenzima Q10 mostrou redução: CK, TNF-? no músculo TA, no conteúdo de NF-?B nos músculos DIA e STN, na área de inflamação no músculo DIA e determinação do cálcio nos músculos DIA e STN. A associação dos tratamentos demonstrou redução significativa na análise de CK, no TNF-? do músculo TA, na área de inflamação, conteúdo do NF-?B e cálcio no músculo DIA. O conjunto dos resultados sugere que a Ni e a CoQ10 possam ser potencialmente úteis para o tratamento farmacológico da distrofinopatias. Entretanto, estudos futuros da dosagem e do tempo de tratamento serão necessários para obtenção de efeitos benéficos mais significativos sobre os músculos distróficos
Abstract: Treatment using antioxidant and calcium channel blockers have shown positive results for myonecrosis decrease in dystrophic muscle fibers. The aim of this study is to verify if treatment with Nifedipine (Ni) calcium channel blocker and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) antioxidant, administered alone or in association before degeneration/regeneration cycles take place, may have a beneficial effect on dystrophic muscle fibers in mdx mice, which are the experimental model for Duchenne's dystrophy. Mdx mice at 14 days old were divided into 4 experimental groups: (1) treated with 20% alcohol and 1% Tween 80 water solution; (2) treated with an association of Ni and CoQ10; (3) treated with Ni alone; and (4) treated with CoQ10 alone. C57BL/10 mice were used as a control. The tibialis anterior (TA), diaphragm (DIA) and sternomastoid (STN) muscles were removed and used for quantification of: (1) number of degenerated, regenerated and wild-type fibers; (2) TNF-?, NF-?B and 4-HNE levels; (3) total amount of calcium; and (4) muscle inflammation area. Creatine kinase (CK) was analyzed from a blood sample. The animals treated with Ni showed: a significant decrease of degenerated muscle fibers in the TA muscle, a reduced TNF-? level in all muscles analyzed and lower levels of NF-?B and calcium in the DIA muscle. Mdx mice treated with Coenzyme Q10 presented a decrease of the following: CK expression, TNF-? level in the TA muscle, NF-?B level in the DIA and STN muscles, inflammation area in the DIA muscle and calcium content in the DIA and STN muscles. The association of both drugs showed a significant reduction of CK in the blood, TNF-? in the TA muscle, and also a reduction of the inflammation area, the NF-?B expression and the calcium content of the DIA muscle. Overall results suggest that Ni and CoQ10 may play a potential role as a pharmacological treatment for dystrophynopathies. However, further studies must be carried out for both dosage and treatment period to obtain more significant beneficial effects on dystrophic muscles
Mestrado
Anatomia
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
47
Colomeu, Talita Cristina 1987. "Avaliação da atividade antioxidante e dos efeitos do consumo crônico do extrato aquoso de Passiflora alata Curtis na expressão do diabetes mellitus tipo 1 em camundongos NOD (non obese diabetic)." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311763.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Ricardo de Lima ZollnerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A linhagem NOD (non obese diabetic) é utilizada como modelo experimental de DM-1, pois desenvolve espontaneamente a doença com marcante similaridade ao observado em humanos. Vários são os mecanismos propostos para ruptura da tolerância imunológica no DM-1, como a predisposição genética do indivíduo, juntamente com fatores ambientais, tais como estresse e alimentação, parecem favorecer o desencadeamento de mecanismos auto imunes. Nos últimos anos o interesse por alimentos fitoterápicos pelos órgãos governamentais, com a finalidade de auxiliar no tratamento de doenças vem aumentando. A espécie Passiflora sp., é descrita pela farmacopeia Brasileira como fitoterápico e seu uso na medicina popular está relacionado ao tratamento de diversas doenças. Estudos sobre as propriedades das folhas do Passiflora alata Curtis no diabetes mellitus são escassos. Neste contexto, investigamos quais os melhores solventes (água, etanol e metanol/acetona) para extração de compostos bioativos da folha de P.alata, a atividade antioxidante dos solventes pelas técnicas DPPH, FRAP, ABTS e ORAC, fenóis totais, composição centesimal e investigação de quatro compostos fenólicos (vitexina, isovitexina e isoorientina) nas folhas. Além disso, avaliamos as propriedades do consumo crônico do extrato aquoso das folhas de P.alata sobre a incidência do DM-1, a insulite, os níveis de GSH no fígado/rim, a insulina sérica nos camundongos NOD e o estresse oxidativo, a apoptose e a imunofluorescência de infiltrados CD4+,CD8+ e CD11+ nas ilhotas pancreáticas desses animais. Nossos resultados sugerem que o extrato aquoso em comparação com o metanol/acetona e etanólico, apresenta atividade antioxidante e fenóis totais superiores e que seu consumo crônico é capaz de diminuir o índice de infiltrado inflamatório e consequentemente a expressão do diabetes, ajudar a manter os níveis de GSH no fígado/rim e reduzir o estresse oxidativo e apoptose nos camundongos NOD
Abstract: The strain of NOD mice (non obese diabetic) is common used for study with type 1 diabetes mellitus, because develops spontaneously the disease with strong similarity to the observed in humans. Several mechanisms are proposed to break immune tolerance in DM-1, such as genetic predisposition, environmental factors, as infections and dietetic, seem to favor the triggering of autoimmune mechanisms. In recent years the interest in herbal foods in order to prevent diseases is increasing in the population. The species Passiflora sp. is described by Brazilian Pharmacopoeia as herbal medicine and in folk medicine is related to the treatment of various diseases. Studies about properties of leaves of Passiflora alata Curtis related with diabetes mellitus are scarce. In this context, we investigate what the best solvent (water, ethanol and methanol/acetone) for the extraction of bioactive compounds from P.alata leaf, the antioxidant activity of the solvents by DPPH, FRAP, ABTS and ORAC, total phenols, composition and investigation of four phenolic compound (vetexin, isovitexin and isoorientin) in leaves. Furthemore, we evaluated the chronic consumption of aqueous extract on incidence of DM-1, insulits, GSH levels in liver/ kidney, serum insulin in NOD mice and oxidative stress, apoptosis and immunofluorescence of infiltrated CD4+,CD8+CD11+ in the pancreatic islets of these animals. Our results suggest that the aqueous extract shows higher values of antioxidant activity, total phenols and the chronic consumption can reduce the number of inflammatory infiltrate and consequently the expression of diabetes, help maintain the levels of GSH in the liver / kidney and reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis in NOD mice
Mestrado
Clinica Medica
Mestra em Clínica Médica
48
Pereira, Juliano Alves 1983. "Tratamento da distrofinopatia em camundongos mdx : vantagens da associação entre doxiciclina e deflazacorte sobre a monoterapia com o deflazacorte." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317581.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Humberto Santo NetoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Na distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) e no camundongo mdx, a ausência da distrofina no músculo esquelético e cardíaco, desestabiliza o sarcolema e leva a um aumento do influxo de cálcio e consequente mionecrose. A reação inflamatória induzida para remover a fibra muscular necrótica, ativa a produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, que por sua vez aumenta o estresse oxidativo e ultimamente levando a formação de fibrose intersticial. A terapia padrão ouro usada no tratamento da DMD é o corticosteroide, tal como a prednisona e o deflazacorte (DFZ). No entanto, eles apresentam valor terapêutico limitado, e sua combinação com drogas já aprovada para o tratamento de outras doenças humanas, como a doxiciclina (DOX) poderia ser uma alternativa no tratamento clínico em pacientes DMD. No presente estudo, investigamos os benefícios da terapia do DFZ associado a DOX em relação ao tratamento padrão ouro DFZ, na atenuação da evolução da distrofinopatia em músculo esquelético e cardíaco de camundongos mdx. As terapias com cada droga isoladamente (DOX 6 mg/mL), (DFZ 1,2 mg/Kg) e com a combinação DOX (6 mg/mL) / DFZ (1,2 mg/Kg) foram administradas na água de beber para mãe e seus recém nascidos, com início no dia do nascimento no grupo tratado de curta duração por 36 dias. No tratamento de longa duração (9 meses), as mesmas terapias e as mesmas doses foram administradas na água de beber, com início aos 8 meses até os 17 meses de idade. Os parâmetros histopatológicos, funcionais e bioquímicos foram avaliados no músculo esquelético (bíceps braquial e diafragma) e coração. A DOX/DFZ apresentou-se vantajosa em relação a monoterapia com DFZ tanto na proteção inicial contra a mionecrose, quanto em retardar a progressão da distrofinopatia nos músculos esqueléticos. Mostrou-se também vantajosa em relação ao DFZ na proteção cardíaca. A combinação da DOX com o DFZ, já utilizada no tratamento de algumas doenças emerge como um tratamento potencialmente útil para DMD
Abstract: In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and in mdx mice, absence of dystrophin in skeletal and cardiac muscle disrupts the sarcolemma and leads to increased calcium influx and consequent myonecrosis. The inflammatory reaction elicited to remove muscle fiber debris results in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which, in turn, increases oxidative stress, and ultimately causes interstitial fibrosis. The gold standard therapy used in the treatment of DMD consists in the use of corticosteroids such as prednisone and deflazacort (DFZ). However, these drugs have limited therapeutic value and their combination with drugs already approved for the treatment of other human diseases such as doxycycline (DOX) could be beneficial in the clinical management of DMD patients. In this study, we investigated the benefits of the association between DFZ and DOX over therapy with DFZ (gold standard), in mitigating the evolution of dystrophinopathy in skeletal and heart muscle in mdx mice. The treatments with the single drug (DOX 6 mg/mL), (DFZ 1,2 mg/Kg) or DOX (6 mg/mL) / DFZ (1,2 mg/Kg) combination were administered in drinking water to mothers and newborns, starting on the day of birth in the short-term treatment group for a period of 36 days. In the long-term treatment group, which was composed of mice 17 months of age, the same treatments were administered in drinking water to mdx mice for 9 months, starting on their 8 month of birth. Histopathological, functional and biochemical parameters were evaluated in skeletal (biceps brachii and diaphragm) and cardiac muscle. DOX/DFZ combination was found to be advantageous over monotherapy with DFZ either by promoting an initial protection against myonecrosis or by slowing the progression of dystrophinopathy of skeletal muscles. It was also advantageous for cardiac protection. The combination of DOX with DFZ, which has already been used in the treatment of some diseases, has emerged as a potential useful therapy for DMD
Doutorado
Anatomia
Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
49
Malaguti, Carina 1981. "Avaliação dos efeitos da diacereina na modulação do diabetes mellitus e da expressão de citocinas pro-inflamatorias IL-1'beta', TNF-'alfa', IFN-'gama' e IL-12 em ilhotas 'beta' pancreaticas e celulas esplenicas no camundongo NOD (non obese diabetic)." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311778.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Ricardo de Lima ZollnerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: O camundongo NOD é utilizado como modelo experimental por desenvolver diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM-1) espontâneo similar ao diabetes mellitus humano resultando na destruição das ilhotas, orquestrada pelos linfócitos T que induzem a liberação de citocinas, entre elas a IL-1, promovendo o processo inflamatório. A diacereína possui propriedades antiinflamatórias, inibindo IL-1. Entretanto, os mecanismos envolvidos na modulação imunológica ainda estão incompletamente compreendidos. No presente estudo, soro, pâncreas, ilhotas e células mononucleares esplênicas de animais tratados com diferentes doses (5, 10 e 50mg/kg/dia) de diacereína e o grupo controle o qual recebeu solução salina, foram isolados para investigar a expressão de IL-1ß, IFN-?, IL-12 e TNF-a e a relação com o início do diabetes, aspectos morfológicos e a dose-dependência da diacereína. Os resultados mostraram o aumento do RNAm de células esplênicas e ilhotas e a diminuição da concentração no soro de IL-1 em 10mg/kg/dia de diacereína, comparado com os outros grupos e aumento da concentração de IFN-? no soro do grupo de 50mg/kg/dia. Esses resultados sugerem que a diacereína interfere na instalação do diabetes e a freqüência, pela modulação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias como IL-1ß, IFN-?, IL-12 e TNF-a. Além disso, os dados sugerem regulação pós-transcricional de IL-1ß pela diacereína
Abstract: The NOD mice is used as a experimental model of spontaneously develop type1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) similar to human disease resulting in the destruction of the islet, orchestrated by T lymphocytes that induce a cytokines release, among then the IL-1, promoting inflammatory process. Diacerhein has antiinflammatory properties, inhibiting IL-1. However, the mechanisms involved in immune modulation are still incompletely understood. In the present study, serum, pancreas islets and spleen mononuclear cells from animals treated by different doses (5, 10 and 50mg/kg/day) and the group control which received solution saline, were isolated to investigate the IL-1ß, IFN-?, IL-12 and TNF-a expression and relationship with diabetes onset, morphological aspects and diacerein dose dependence. The results demonstrate upregulation of mRNA spleen cells and islets and downregulation of serum concentration of IL-1 in 10mg/kg/day diacerein treated group compared with others groups and increase of IFN-? serum concentration for 50 mg/kg/day group. These results suggest that the diacerhein interfere with the diabetes onset and frequency by modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines as IL-1ß, TNF-a, IFN -? and IL- 12. Furthermore, the data suggest a post-transcriptional downregulation for IL-1ß by diacerhein
Mestrado
Ciencias Basicas
Mestre em Clinica Medica
50
Dool, Carly Jade 1985. "Pharmacologic inhibition of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity has antineoplastic effects similar to alloxan-induced insulin deficiency with less acute metabolic toxicity." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111555.
Full textAbstract:
Recent population studies provide evidence that individuals with high circulating insulin levels have a poor prognosis and/or increased risk of cancer development; however, laboratory studies concerning the role of insulin in breast cancer biology are sparse. We compared the growth of 4T1 murine breast cancer allografts in control mice, alloxan-induced hypoinsulinemic mice, and mice treated with the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor BMS-536924. Both interventions significantly decreased tumor growth versus control and decreased pathway activation downstream of the insulin receptor as reflected by Aktser473 phosphorylation status in the neoplastic tissue. Alloxan-treated mice exhibited signs of insulin deficiency, while BMS-536924-treated animals showed only minor metabolic derangements. Skeletal muscle displayed reduced pAktser473 in alloxan-treated mice. In contrast, BMS-536924 treatment increased pAktser473 in muscle. This raises the possibility that the relative lack of metabolic toxicity of BMS-536924 involves varying tissue levels of the drug. These results support the view that host insulin physiology is a potentially modifiable determinant of breast cancer behaviour.