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Academic literature on the topic 'IN939'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "IN939"

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Marchese, Giulio, Simone Parizia, Abdollah Saboori, Diego Manfredi, Mariangela Lombardi, Paolo Fino, Daniele Ugues, and Sara Biamino. "The Influence of the Process Parameters on the Densification and Microstructure Development of Laser Powder Bed Fused Inconel 939." Metals 10, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070882.

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This work aims to investigate the effect of the process parameters on the densification and microstructure of Inconel 939 (IN939) alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). IN939 is a Ni-based superalloy with high creep and corrosion resistance that can be used up to around 850 °C under load, resulting in higher operative temperatures than the ones commonly allowed for Inconel 718 and Inconel 625 alloys (around 650 °C). However, this alloy can suffer from poor weldability involving possible crack formation. In order to minimize the residual porosity and the cracking density, specific process parameters were investigated. The parameters to generate IN939 samples almost pores-free (porosity ≤0.22%) with a cracking density ≤1.36 mm/mm2 as well as samples almost crack-free (≤0.10 mm/mm2) with limited residual porosity (≤0.89%) were determined. The microstructure revealed fine dendritic/cellular structures with the formation of sub-micrometric phases. A high concentration of these phases was also found along the intergranular cracks, suggesting that their presence, coupled to the high thermal stresses, can be the primary reason for crack formation during the LPBF process.
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Zschau, Hans Eberhard, Daniel Renusch, Patrick J. Masset, and Michael Schütze. "Formation of a Protective Alumina Scale on Ni-Base Superalloys by Using the Halogen Effect." Advanced Materials Research 278 (July 2011): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.278.485.

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A new method is proposed to achieve a dense protective alumina scale for Ni-base superalloys with an Al-content lower than 10 wt.% at temperatures above 1000°C. The method is based on the halogen effect. Thermodynamical calculations show the existence of a region for a positive fluorine effect at temperatures between 900-1200°C for the alloys IN738 and IN939. By using fluorine ion implantation in combination with Monte Carlo simulation of the fluorine profiles these results were transformed into a region of F-concentrations at the metal surface. A dense protective alumina scale was formed for IN738 after oxidation at 1050°C. Due to the very low Al-content no alumina scale was found for IN939.
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Jie, Ziqi, Zhaoning Yang, Tao Xu, and Chongfeng Sun. "Effect of Nano-Sized γ′ Phase on the Ultrasonic and Mechanical Properties of Ni-Based Superalloy." Nanomaterials 12, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 4162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234162.

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The effect of the nano-sized γ′ phase on the ultrasonic and mechanical properties of the IN939 superalloy was investigated. The results indicate that the microstructure characteristics of the nano-sized γ′ phase directly affected the ultrasonic longitudinal velocity, the attenuation coefficient, and the mechanical properties. The ultrasonic longitudinal velocity increased with the volume fraction of the γ′ phase, whereas the attenuation coefficient was similar to the fractional change in the γ channel width. The lower fractional change in the γ channel width, in combination with a high volume fraction of the γ′ phase, was conducive to improving the mechanical properties of the superalloy. Additionally, the variation in the ultrasonic properties could reflect the variation in the mechanical properties of the IN939 superalloy, which was beneficial for optimizing the heat treatment process and characterizing the γ′ phase precipitation behavior in a nondestructive manner.
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Jahangiri, M. R., H. Arabi, and S. M. A. Boutorabi. "Development of wrought precipitation strengthened IN939 superalloy." Materials Science and Technology 28, no. 12 (December 2012): 1470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743284712y.0000000073.

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Nakahashi, Masako, Makoto Shirokane, and Hiromitsu Takeda. "Transient Liquid Phase Bonding for MarM-247 and IN939." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 54, no. 7 (1990): 826–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.54.7_826.

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Jahangiri, M. R., H. Arabi, and S. M. A. Boutorabi. "High-Temperature Compression Behavior of Cast and Homogenized IN939 Superalloy." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 44, no. 4 (December 11, 2012): 1827–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1538-1.

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Zschau, Hans Eberhard, Patrick J. Masset, and Michael Schütze. "The Halogen Effect for Ni-Base Superalloys – A Thermodynamic Study." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 2375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.2375.

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A new method for the oxidation protection of Ni-base superalloys with relatively low Al-content is proposed. By using the halogen effect the Al activity on the surface can be increased. Thus, the formation of a pure protective alumina scale becomes possible. The alloys IN738 and IN939 are considered in the present paper. Thermodynamic calculations for fluorine and chlorine predict the existence of the halogen effect for both alloys at temperatures between 900°C and 1200°C. The results also predict a change of the oxidation mechanism from internal alumina formation to external oxidation.
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Nakahashi, Masako, Seiichi Suenaga, Makoto Shirokane, and Hiromitsu Takeda. "Transient Liquid Phase Bonding for Ni-base Superalloys, Mar-M247 and IN939." Materials Transactions, JIM 33, no. 1 (1992): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1989.33.60.

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Moattari, M., M. M. Shokrieh, H. Moshayedi, and H. Kazempour-Liasi. "Evaluations of residual stresses in repair welding of Ni-based IN939 superalloy." Journal of Thermal Stresses 43, no. 7 (April 24, 2020): 801–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01495739.2020.1751759.

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Formenti,, A., A. Eliasson,, A. Mitchell,, and H. Fredriksson,. "Solidification Sequence and Carbide Precipitation in Ni-Base Superalloys Ιn718, In625 and In939." High Temperature Materials and Processes 24, no. 4 (August 2005): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp.2005.24.4.239.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "IN939"

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Chlubnová, Lucie. "Hodnocení ekonomické situace vybrané soukromoprávní korporace a návrhy na její zlepšení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377609.

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This diploma thesis mainly focuses on the assessment/evaluation of external and internal surroundings/environment of a specific company between years 2012 and 2016. The first part of these defines theoretical constructs that are then applied in the practical part of the thesis. The external environment was analyzed using PESTLE analysis method and the Porter's Five Forces model. The financial analysis from 2012-2016 was used for the analysis of the internal surroundings. Based on the overall assessment/evaluation of the company surroundings/environment the author applies SWOT analysis and proposes several steps for the improvement.
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Wang, Ding-Kia, and 汪鼎凱. "IN738及IN939鎳基超合金之真空硬銲研究." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92103559412128257317.

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Feng, Chiang Ming, and 江銘峰. "In939鎳基超合金之雷射銲接與銲補研究." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25398876584734815278.

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Books on the topic "IN939"

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A, Barrett C., Smith J, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Long-term cyclic oxidation behavior of uncoated and coated Re108 and In939 at 980 and 870c̊. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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A, Barrett C., Smith J, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Long-term cyclic oxidation behavior of uncoated and coated Re108 and In939 at 980 and 870c̊. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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A, Barrett C., Smith J, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Long-term cyclic oxidation behavior of uncoated and coated Re108 and In939 at 980 and 870c̊. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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Long-term cyclic oxidation behavior of uncoated and coated Re108 and In939 at 980 and 870c̊. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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Bailey, Richard W. Precious Cargo: An American Family Tours Europe In1939, As a Cover for Jim Burton's Clandestine Work Helping the Allies Prepare for War, Placing All He Cares about in Mortal Danger. Independently Published, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "IN939"

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Villars, P., K. Cenzual, J. Daams, R. Gladyshevskii, O. Shcherban, V. Dubenskyy, N. Melnichenko-Koblyuk, et al. "K21(K0.33In0.67)In39." In Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter, 149. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44752-8_92.

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Conference papers on the topic "IN939"

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Torkaman, Alex, and Ramesh Keshava Bhattu. "Low Cycle Fatigue Characterization of Additive Manufactured Specimen With as Printed Surface Roughness Made From Multiple Nickel Based Super Alloys." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82484.

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Abstract Additive manufacturing is a transformative technology that can enable advanced designs for gas turbines that are not otherwise possible. While the expansion of design envelope can greatly contribute to improvement in efficiency and fuel flexibility of gas turbines, limitations in material properties can adversely affect durability of additively manufactured components if not properly characterized and accounted for in the design phase. An important consideration for durability of turbine components is the LCF (Low Cycle Fatigue) life, and it is influenced by the surface effects that are characteristic of the layer by layer build process of additive manufacturing. The influence of as printed surface texture on LCF properties of multiple additive manufactured alloys is evaluated in this work as part of a broader incorporation of additive alloys in gas turbines. Hastelloy-X is a commonly produced alloy that is utilized in combustion components, enabling state of the art fuel flexibility and hydrogen combustion. An Inconel-939 derivative alloy has been recently utilized in static turbine components due to its high temperature creep capability and oxidation resistance, resulting in improved cooling efficiency and increased turbine performance. In this paper, specimens with as printed and machined gauge (machined from additive manufactured bars) are produced with both Hastelloy-X and IN939 derivative alloys. Specimens are tested for LCF at multiple temperature and strain range conditions and comparisons between as printed (or rough gauge) versus machined gauge specimen are made to determine influence of as printed surface conditions. Results of the experiments for both alloys are presented in normalized form to evaluate performance of as printed versus machined surfaces at various test conditions. Fractographic analysis is conducted on IN939 derivative failed specimens and the influence of surface roughness on crack initiation at the microstructural level is discussed.
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Nandha Kumar, E., K. S. Athira, Subhradeep Chatterjee, and Dheepa Srinivasan. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Structure and Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Inconel 939." In 2022 International Additive Manufacturing Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iam2022-93945.

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Abstract Additive manufacturing of high gamma prime (γ’) Nickel-based superalloys are challenging due to their hot cracking tendency. This study comprises an understanding of microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Inconel 939 (IN939) alloy processed via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The as-printed samples comprised of columnar grains along the build direction with a pronounced <100> texture resulting in ∼17% lower elastic modulus along the build direction as compared to the builds in transverse orientation. The microstructure consists of cellular and columnar dendrites with segregation of Nb, Ta and Si in the inter-dendritic regions (decorating the cell boundaries). Occurrence of fine (< 50 nm) intra granular carbides in the as printed condition is a unique feature of this microstructure. Heat treatment resulted in dissolution of the dendritic microstructure with precipitation of semi-coherent γ’ (Ni3(Al,Ti)) precipitates (150–200 nm) homogeneously from the matrix resulting in ∼16% enhanced yield strength. The <100> texture is retained even after the solution and aging heat treatment indicating thermal stability of this structure.
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Rühmer, Tobias T., Uwe Gampe, Kathrin A. Fischer, Thomas Wimmer, and Christoph Haberland. "Structural Integrity Assessment and Engine Test of an Additive Manufactured First Stage Ring Segment of a Siemens Large Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90344.

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Abstract The first stage ring segment (RS) of a Siemens large gas turbine has been redesigned for Selective Laser Melting (SLM) in order to reduce the cooling air consumption and to increase the gas turbine efficiency. The material is IN939. Cylindrical specimen for uniaxial tensile, cyclic tests and creep rupture tests have been manufactured by SLM to characterize the material by derivation of stress strain and creep rupture curves. The ring segment has been tested in a real gas turbine. The loading conditions as well as measurement data from thermocouples and dynamic strain gages have been taken as input for numerical structural integrity assessment. Permissible service life of the ring segment was evaluated in respect of low cycle fatigue (LCF), high cycle fatigue (HCF) and creep. Results have been compared with the conventional design. Furthermore the hook lock up in the engine was evaluated. The manufacturing quality was ensured through several methods including an optical 3D measuring system and computer tomography, process specimen and flow tests. Post investigations such as cut ups and metallography have also been conducted. The results show that the additive manufactured RS meets the required service lifetime.
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Gordon, Ali P., Eric P. Williams, and Michael Schulist. "Applicability of Neuber’s Rule for Thermomechanical Fatigue." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51358.

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Gas turbine components, such as blades and vanes, are routinely subjected to non-isothermal fatigue conditions. Accurate service life predictions can be made from analyzing transient stress-temperature histories and constitutive modeling. The local stress and strain histories at geometric discontinuities are typically calculated with stress shakedown approaches (i.e., Neuber’s Rule, Molski-Glinka Approach, Calladine Method) based on elastic responses rather than coupled elastic-plastic deformation observed from low cycle fatigue (LCF). For the notched material subjected to thermomechanical fatigue (TMF), there is no widely-accepted method for correlating remotely applied load with notch root behavior. In this study, a notched specimen of the Ni-base superalloy IN939 is modeled by means of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) via the ANSYS general purpose software. Calculations made from the Neuber Rule are compared with numerical simulations of the notch root response. Limitations of this classic stress shakedown approach are identified. Although the candidate material of this study is a generic polycrystalline, dual-phase Ni-base superalloy, the presented techniques are likely to be straightforwardly transferable to other materials. When combined with S-N data from experiments on tensile specimens, the method can be used to correlate notch tip response under TMF with fatigue life.
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Boegelein, Thomas, Ashwin Rao, Andrew R. Jones, and Gordon J. Tatlock. "Selective Laser Melting of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steels." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57892.

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Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloys are a long established class of materials manufactured using powder metallurgy techniques. These alloys can offer exceptional high temperature strength and resistance to radiation damage, thus are envisioned to be used in a number of future nuclear and fossil energy power applications. However, due to the manufacturing steps involved, the overall cost to build components with these materials can be high. This paper presents work conducted to assess the feasibility of applying Selective Laser Melting (SLM) techniques to either coat or direct build on substrates with Fe-based Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloys. SLM is a rapid prototyping technique which can be used to manufacture near net-shape solid components from layered metallic powder beds. Two different geometries were of interest in this study — a simple button configuration with a nickel-base superalloy (IN939) substrate and a more complex hexagonal shaped wall with a mild steel substrate. Powders of PM2000 (a FeCrAl based ODS alloy) were deposited in both cases. Heat treatments were subsequently conducted on these structures to investigate effects of temperature on the bond characteristics and secondary recrystallisation. Electron microscopy examination revealed significant amounts of diffusion between the nickel and the ODS powders which enhances the bond strength. The studies have revealed the existence of a strong bond between the substrate and the interface even after prolonged exposure at elevated temperatures.
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Miglietti, Warren M., John Kearney, and Luis Pabon. "Liquid Phase Diffusion Bond Repair of Siemens V84.2, Row 2 Vanes and Alstom Tornado, 2nd Stage Stator Segments." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0510.

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During the industrial turbine engine operation of the Siemens V84.2, Row 2 vanes, and the Alstom Tornado, 2nd stage stator segments, “craze-cracking” and isolated thermal fatigue cracks develop during engine operation. Other damages found include pitting and dents resulting from corrosion/erosion and FOD (foreign object damage), respectively. Erosion and oxidation damage is also commonly found on the airfoils. This paper describes the vacuum LPDB (liquid phase diffusion bond) repair process used to repair all of the above-mentioned damage. As a means of qualifying the high temperature diffusion bond process, both metallurgical and mechanical property evaluations were carried out. The metallurgical evaluation consisted of optical and scanning electron microscopy. The wide gap diffusion bonded area consisted of a fine-grained structure with intermetallic phases dispersed both intergranularly and intragranularly. An Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis was also conducted and the results are reported. The chemistry of the repaired area is similar to the base metal which may explain why mechanical tests revealed properties equivalent to that of the base metal. The mechanical evaluations undertaken were tensile tests at room temperature and elevated temperature, as well as stress rupture tests. These results were equivalent to mechanical properties of the IN738 and IN939 Ni-based superalloys, which is the base metal that the above mentioned vanes and stator segments are manufactured from.
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Bridges, Alex, John Shingledecker, Alex Torkaman, and Lonnie Houck. "Metallurgical Evaluation of an Additively Manufactured Nickel-Base Superalloy for Gas Turbine Guide Vanes." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14808.

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Abstract In this paper, AM produced test samples of a IN939 derivative nickel-based alloy were tested for tensile, fatigue and creep properties at temperatures up to 871°C and compared to the traditional cast material. Initial results showed improved tensile and fatigue strength, but a reduction in both long-term creep rupture strength and creep ductility in the AM produced material compared to the cast baseline. Microstructural observations in the AM produced material showed a significant difference in the overall metallurgical characteristics beyond grain size compared to the castings. In addition to the laboratory studies and to provide a direct comparison between AM and traditional castings, both AM and cast components were tested in live engine trials exceeding 4,000 hours. Detailed scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to evaluate the evolution of grain size, gamma-prime, MC carbide and secondary M23C6 carbide size and distribution throughout a 5-step heat treatment process. Post-test evaluations for creep rupture specimens of the AM material showed creep cavitation near grain boundaries. The results from the AM produced material are discussed in comparison to expected properties and characteristics from traditional casting methods. Results have shown that material production and short-term metallurgical properties are sufficient to produce quality high temperature stationary guide vanes, but additional research and development is needed to optimize the AM process to achieve high-temperature creep behavior comparable to castings.
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Bridges, Alex, John Shingledecker, John Clark, and David Crudden. "Creep Analysis and Microstructural Evaluation of a Novel Additively Manufactured Nickel-Base Superalloy (ABD®-900AM)." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82512.

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Abstract Nickel-base superalloys containing 30 to 50% gamma prime (γ′) volume fraction are typically used in hot section components (e.g. guide vanes or blades) for power generating gas turbines, and suitable time dependent properties are required for long-term elevated temperature operation. Additive manufacturing (AM) has recently been used to develop complex hot-section parts utilizing innovative designs with enhanced cooling features which improve efficiencies by reducing cooling air consumption. To further explore the opportunity to improve time-dependent AM superalloys, this paper focuses on a fundamental creep study and characterization of a novel nickel-base superalloy (ABD®-900AM) that was manufactured using a laser-based powder bed fusion AM process. The material was subjected to a sub-solvus solution anneal and multi-step aging heat-treatment to produce a bi-modal distribution with ∼35% volume fraction of gamma prime without post-processing hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Microstructural characterization was carried out for the as-built and fully heat-treated structures, and a creep-rupture test program was conducted to study the resultant creep properties. Activation energies and stress exponents in addition to rupture strength and deformation resistance, were compared to traditionally cast IN939 and IN738 materials. After testing, specimens were evaluated using a variety of microscopy tools to determine location and features associated with creep damage. The optimized chemistry for ABD®-900AM was printed crack free and fully dense in contrast to studies on similar alloys where significant process development and post-build heat-treatments were required. High-temperature mechanical properties in the heat-treated material showed some decrease in creep strength when compared to traditional casting. This strength and rupture life debit was dependent on build orientation, but a considerable increase in creep ductility was observed due to differences in the microstructure when compared with similar AM alloys. Analysis of creep data showed differences in creep mechanisms compared to traditional cast alloys. The relationship between microstructure and creep mechanisms is discussed, and ongoing work to further improve rupture strength through heat-treatment optimization will be highlighted.
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