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Academic literature on the topic 'In vivo experiments on rats'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "In vivo experiments on rats"

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Švorc, P., and P. Švorc. "General Anesthesia and Electrocardiographic Parameters in in vivo Experiments Involving Rats." Physiological Research, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.934848.

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In in vivo cardiovascular or toxicological studies involving rat models, changes in selected electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters are monitored after various interventions to assess the origin and development of heart rhythm disorders. Each ECG parameter has diagnostic significance; as such, commonly evaluated ECG parameters, including heart rate, PR interval, P wave duration, P wave amplitude, QRS complex, QT and QTc interval duration, R wave and T wave amplitude, of rats under various types of general anesthesia were the focus of this study. Studies that performed in vivo cardiovascular or toxicological experiments in rats were retrieved from a search of the Web of Science database for articles published mainly between 2000 and 2021. In total, the search retrieved 123 articles. ECG parameters that were reported as baseline or control values were summarized and averages with ranges were calculated. It is important to be cautious when interpreting results and, in discussions addressing the mechanisms underlying a given type of arrhythmia, acknowledge that initial ECG parameters may already be affected to some extent by the general anesthesia as well as by sex and the time of day the experiments were performed.
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Jourdan, M., L. Cynober, C. Moinard, M. C. Blanc, N. Neveux, J. P. De Bandt, and C. Aussel. "Splanchnic sequestration of amino acids in aged rats: in vivo and ex vivo experiments using a model of isolated perfused liver." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 294, no. 3 (March 2008): R748—R755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00291.2007.

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Splanchnic sequestration of amino acids (SSAA) is a process observed during aging that leads to decreased peripheral amino acid (AA) availability. The mechanisms underlying SSAA remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine whether a high-protein diet could increase nitrogen retention in aged rats by saturating SSAA and whether SSAA could be explained by dysregulation of hepatic nitrogen metabolism. Adult and aged male Sprague-Dawley rats were housed in individual metabolic cages and fed a normal-protein (17% protein) or high-protein diet (27%) for 2 wk. Nitrogen balance (NB) was calculated daily. On day 14, livers were isolated and perfused for 90 min to study AA and urea fluxes. NB was lower in aged rats fed a normal-protein diet than in adults, but a high-protein diet restored NB to adult levels. Isolated perfused livers from aged rats showed decreased urea production and arginine uptake, together with a release of alanine (vs. uptake in adult rats) and a hepatic accumulation of alanine. The in vivo data suggest that SSAA is a saturable process that responds to an increase in dietary protein content. The hepatic metabolism of AA in aged rats is greatly modified, and urea production decreases. This result refutes the hypothesis that SSAA is associated with an increase in AA disposal via urea production.
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Dmytrukha, N. M., S. P. Lugovskoy, and O. S. Lahutina. "Assessment of Fe2O3 nanoparticles impact on functional activity of rats’ peritoneal macrophages in experiments in vitro and in vivo." Ukrainian Journal of Occupational Health 2015, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33573/ujoh2015.03.028.

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Zupkó, I., R. Gaspár, L. Kovács, and G. Falkay. "Are α-adrenergic antagonists potent tocolytics? In vivo experiments on postpartum rats." Life Sciences 61, no. 11 (August 1997): PL159—PL163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00619-x.

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Alimohammadi, Hessamedin, and Wayne L. Silver. "Nasal Chemesthesis: Similarities Between Humans and Rats Observed in In Vivo Experiments." Chemosensory Perception 8, no. 2 (August 2015): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12078-015-9189-4.

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Trujillo-Pisanty, Ivan, Christian Sanio, Nadia Chaudhri, and Peter Shizgal. "Robust optical fiber patch-cords for in vivo optogenetic experiments in rats." MethodsX 2 (2015): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2015.05.003.

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Braga, Angélica de Fátima de Assunção, Caroline Coutinho de Barcelos, Franklin Sarmento da Silva Braga, Samanta Cristina Antoniassi Fernandes, Yoko Oshima Franco, Mario Mantovani, and Léa Rodrigues Simioni. "Phenobarbital influence on neuromuscular block produced by rocuronium in rats." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 23, no. 4 (August 2008): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502008000400008.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate in vitro and in vivo neuromuscular blockade produced by rocuronium in rats treated with Phenobarbital and to determine cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5 concentrations in hepatic microsomes. METHODS: Thirty rats were included in the study and distributed into 6 groups of 5 animals each. Rats were treated for seven days with phenobarbital (20 mg/kg) and the following parameters were evaluated: 1) the amplitude of muscle response in the preparation of rats exposed to phenobarbital; 2) rocuronium effect on rat preparation exposed or not to phenobarbital; 3) concentrations of cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5 in hepatic microsomes isolated from rats exposed or not to phenobarbital. The concentration and dose of rocuronium used in vitro and in vivo experiments were 4 µg/mL and 0,6 mg/kg, respectively. RESULTS: Phenobarbital in vitro and in vivo did not alter the amplitude of muscle response. The neuromuscular blockade in vitro produced by rocuronium was significantly different (p=0.019) between exposed (20%) and not exposed (60%) rats; the blockade in vivo was significantly greater (p=0.0081) in treated rats (93.4%). The enzymatic concentrations were significantly greater in rats exposed to phenobarbital. CONCLUSIONS: Phenobarbital alone did not compromise neuromuscular transmission. It produced enzymatic induction, and neuromuscular blockade in vivo produced by rocuronium was potentiated by phenobarbital.
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Yakimova, Krassimira S., Rumen P. Nikolov, Ivan G. Todorov, and Milen H. Hristov. "Leptin and Gaba Interactions on Thermoregulation of Rats." Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research 7, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbcr-2015-0120.

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Abstract Leptin inhibits feeding, reduces body weight and increases thermogenesis. Experimental data suggest involvement of GABAergic mechanisms in the regulation of feeding behavior and energy balance. The present study was set to determine the effect of combinations from leptin, GABAB-agonist baclofen and GABAB-antagonist CGP35348 on thermoregulation of male Wistar rats, using in vivo and in vitro experiments. The substances used for in vivo experiments were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). The measurement of the body temperature was done via thermistor probes (TX8) and monitored on multichannel recorder Iso-Thermex16. In vitro experiments were conducted on rat PO/AH neurons, recorded extracellulary by conventional electrophysiological equipment, using brain slice preparations. The separate intraperitoneal injection of leptin as well as GABAB-antagonist CGP35348 produced significant hyperthermia in rats while the GABAB-agonist baclofen caused a decrease in the core body temperature. The probable synergy between the hyperthermic effects of leptin and GABAB-antagonist did not occur. On the contrary, the effect of this combination was lower as compared to the result of the separate administration of GABAB-antagonist. When leptin was applied just prior to GABAB-agonist baclofen, neither of their separate effects appeared. In vivo effects determined correlated with in vitro changes of firing rate observed in PO/AH neurons. The data from this study provide a new point of view concerning the interactions of leptin and GABA on the level of thermoregulation. These results represent a step forward in understanding the complicated mechanisms involved in thermoregulation.
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Colugnati, Diego B., Ricardo M. Arida, Roberta M. Cysneiros, Vera C. Terra, Eliza Y. F. Sonoda, Aline P. Pansani, Carla A. Scorza, Esper A. Cavalheiro, and Fulvio A. Scorza. "Carbamazepine does not alter the intrinsic cardiac function in rats with epilepsy." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 68, no. 4 (August 2010): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2010000400018.

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Among the causes for sudden unexpected death (SUDEP) in epilepsy, the effects of antiepileptic drugs on the heart have been poorly explored. Based on this, the aim of our study was to evaluate the heart rate (in vivo and isolated ex vivo) and ventricular pressure (isolated ex vivo) of rats with and without epilepsy treated with carbamazepine. Four groups of adult, male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were studied: [A] control rats (n=8), received neither pilocarpine nor carbamazepine [B] carbamazepine-treated rats (n=8), received a daily dose of 120 mg/Kg, i.p. of carbamazepine for two weeks; [C] rats with epilepsy that received just saline solution (n=8); [D] rats with epilepsy that received a daily dose of 120 mg/Kg, i.p. of carbamazepine for two weeks (n=8). Our results showed significant increase in heart rate in animals with epilepsy (with and without the use of carbamazepine) when compared to the control groups in vivo. In contrast, we did not find differences during isolated ex vivo experiments comparing animals with and without epilepsy and despite the use of carbamazepine. Our results suggest that, in isolation, carbamazepine may not be a potential risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.
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Verbanck, S., N. Gonzalez Mangado, G. Peces-Barba, and M. Paiva. "Multiple-breath washout experiments in rat lungs." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.3.847.

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Multiple-breath washouts were performed on 30 Wistar rats postmortem in a study in which breaths of 90% O2–5% He-5% SF6 were given. Preliminary comparison of alveolar plateau slopes obtained from anesthetized rats in vivo and postmortem showed that ventilation distribution remains the same within 1 h after the animals were killed. For maneuvers with different preinspiratory lung volumes and end-inspiratory breathholding, we computed the normalized N2 slope (Sn) and Fowler and Bohr dead spaces [VDF(n) and VDB(n), respectively] as a function of breath number (n). For all maneuvers analyzed, Sn of all gases increased in the first two or three breaths and reached a horizontal asymptote thereafter. The value of Sn decreased, both with increasing preinspiratory lung volume and breath hold of 4 s. The fact that the horizontal Sn asymptote is reached after only two or three breaths suggests the absence of convection-dependent inhomogeneities (CDI) in rat lungs. This contrasts with multiple-breath washout experiments in humans, where interregional (gravity-dependent CDI) and intraregional CDI generate a marked increase in Sn throughout the entire washout. Also, in contrast with results in humans, VDF and VDB were independent of n. The present work suggests that rats may be used to study diffusion- and convection-dependent inhomogeneities without the influence of CDI or gas exchange.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "In vivo experiments on rats"

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GuimarÃes, SÃrgio Botelho. "In vivo acute changes in ATP and glucose concentrations in the rat testicles following unilateral torsion: experimental study." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2002. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=21.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Spematic cord torsion is one of the more common surgical urological emergencies in childhood. An experimental study has been conducted to investigate acute changes in testicular concentrations of ATP and glucose following one-hour unilateral 720Â testicular torsion. Sixty prepubertal male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups: Group 2(Ischemia) and Group 1(Sham operated). Each group(n=30) was divided into 5 subgroups (n=6). All animals were subjected to right testicular torsion of 720Â. The testicular torsion of animals from Group 1 was immediately corrected. Group 2 animals had their testicular torsion lasting one hour followed by detorsion. Testicles were collected and arterial blood samples taken from abdominal aorta of each animal subgroup at the and of ischemic period or one hour after sham operation and 0.5, 1,6 and 24 hours later. ATP and glucose concentrations were significantly decreased (p<0,05) in ischemia group as compared to sham group at the end of ischemic period. There was no difference in glycemia when comparing ischemic versus sham-operated rats. Glucose concentrations were significantly increase (p<0,05) in ipsilateral testis of sham-operated rats No significant change in ATP and glucose concentrations were found in the left testicle in comparasion to the ones measured in the rigth testicle of the same animal. The decrease in ATP and glucose concentrations may be explained by the reduction in blood flow to the torted testis imposed by torsion. The absence of significant contralateral alterations in the concentrations of ATP and glucose could be related to the limited time of isquemia imposed to the right testis. It is concluded that unilateral one-hour testicular torsion causes a decrease in ipsilateral testicular perfusion resulting in decresead testicular concentrations of glucose and ATP in the ipstelial (right) testicles and no alterations in the concentrations of glucose and ATP in the contraleral testicles. Simple testicle manipulation (Sham Operation) causes a signficant increase in glucose concentrations in the ipsilateral(right)testis.
A torÃÃo do cordÃo espermÃtico à a emergÃncia geniturinÃria mais comum na idade pediÃtrica. Foram estudadas as alteraÃÃes metabÃlicas agudas nas concentraÃÃes testiculares de ATP e glicose apÃs uma hora de isquemia induzida por torÃÃo do cordÃo espermÃtico. Sessenta ratos wistar machos prÃ-pÃberes, foram distribuÃdos em 2 grupos de 30 animais cada e cada grupo em 5 subgrupos de 6 ratos. Os ratos do grupo 1 foram submetidos à torÃÃo seguida por distorÃÃo imediata (cirurgia simulada) do testÃculo direito. Os animais do grupo 2 foram submetidos à torÃÃo do testÃculo direito (720o) durante uma hora. Os animais dos diferentes subgrupos foram sacrificados 30 minutos, 1 hora, 6 horas e 24 horas apÃs a distorÃÃo ou realizaÃÃo da cirurgia simulada para a remoÃÃo dos testÃculos e coleta de amostra de sangue arterial. As alteraÃÃes das concentraÃÃes de glicose e ATP foram determinadas por mÃtodos enzimÃticos. Ocorreu queda significante (p<0,05) da concentraÃÃo de glicose e ATP no tempo 0 h, nos testiculos isquemiados. NÃo ocorreram alteraÃÃes na glicemia nem nas concentraÃÃes de glicose e ATP nos testÃculos contralaterais. Os animais submetidos à cirurgia simulada apresentaram aumento significante (p< 0,05) da concentraÃÃo de glicose no testÃculo ipsilateral quando comparada à concentraÃÃo de glicose no testÃculo esquerdo dos mesmos animais nos tempos 0 h e 24h. A diminuiÃÃo do fluxo sangÃÃneo em decorrÃncia da torÃÃo explica a reduÃÃo das concentraÃÃes de ATP e glicose nos testÃculos isquemiados. A ausÃncia de alteraÃÃes nas concentraÃÃes de ATP e glicose nos testÃculos contralaterais (esquerdos) poderia ser uma decorrÃncia do reduzido tempo de isquemia imposto ao testÃculo ipsilateral (direito). Concluiu-se que a torÃÃo testicular unilateral de 720o, por uma hora, induz uma reduÃÃo significante (p < 0,05) das concentraÃÃes testiculares de ATP e de glicose no testÃculo isquemiado sem alteraÃÃes correspondentes da glicemia. A simples manipulaÃÃo do testÃculo direito (cirurgia simulada) induz um aumento da concentraÃÃo de glicose testicular.
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Ohlson, Lena. "In vivo studies of cell cycle regulating proteins in rats during liver regeneration and during promotion of liver carcinogenesis /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-980-3/.

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Speranzini, Léa Beltrão de Medeiros. "A atividade mioelétrica colônica em ratas sob diferentes estados hormonais: influência de altos níveis de estrógeno, progesterona e da prenhez: estudo experimental in vivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5147/tde-06022007-110719/.

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Sendo a constipação intestinal queixa freqüente em gestantes, procuramos verificar se o complexo hormonal da gestação, e em especial a progesterona, diminui a atividade muscular colônica. Para tanto, estudamos in vivo o registro do sinal mioelétrico, sob diferentes estados hormonais, em quatro pontos do cólon de ratas: ascendente proximal, ascendente distal, médio e cólon descendente por meio de implante de eletrodos na camada sero-muscular colônica. As ratas foram divididas em 5 grupos: controle, ooforectomizadas, ooforectomizadas tratadas com estrógeno, ooforectomizadas tratadas com progesterona e ratas prenhes. Os resultados mostraram uma maior atividade elétrica no cólon proximal em ratas prenhes e nas pré-tratadas com progesterona. Nas ratas prenhes a duração da atividade elétrica máxima foi, de modo significante, maior em todas as distâncias quando comparada com ratas controle. Os resultados sugerem que in vivo a progesterona e o complexo hormonal da prenhez aumentam a atividade mioelétrica do cólon proximal e que a prenhez aumenta a duração da atividade elétrica máxima no cólon em cada distância estudada, levando à formação de fezes mais desidratadas. Progesterona e prenhez não devem ser responsabilizadas por hipomotilidade do cólon, uma das hipóteses que poderia explicar a constipação intestinal em gestantes
The aim of this study was to find out if the hormonal complex of pregnancy, especially progesterone, could be responsible for decreasing colon myoelectric activity in female rats. We analyzed the records of colon myoelectric activity in vivo using the method of musculoserosal implantation of electrodes in four regions of the colon: proximal ascendent colon, distal ascendent colon, medial colon and descendent colon. The rats were divided in five groups: control, ovariectomized, ovariectomized and treated with estrogen, ovariectomized and treated with progesterone and pregnant rats. The results showed a greater electric activity in the proximal colon in pregnant and progesterone pretreated rats. In pregnant rats the duration of maximum electric activity was significantly greater in all distances studied. The results suggest that in vivo progesterone and the hormonal complex of pregnancy increase myoelectric activity of the proximal colon, and that pregnancy increases the duration of the maximum electric activity of the colon in every distance studied leading to more dehydrated fecal material. Progesterone and pregnancy should not be responsible for colon hypomotility, one of the hypothesis that could explain intestinal constipation in pregnant women
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Sinno, Hani. "Role of collagen, complement C3, and C5 on cutaneous wound healing: topical formulation, preparation, and «in-vivo» evaluation in experimental rats." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66713.

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The growing rates of problematic wounds in the population and the subsequent increase in morbidity and mortality warrant further understanding of wound healing and the development of therapeutic agents targeted to alleviate these devastating concerns. The complement system is composed of bactericidal and hemolytic proteins that increase capillary leakage and inflammatory cell migration. It allows for an anaphylactic reaction and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Fibroblast recruitment and subsequent collagen deposition in wounds is responsible for wound healing and is regulated by inflammatory cells. However, little is known about role the complement system may have on wound healing strength. This work investigates the effects of the topical application of collagen, complements C3 and C5 in varied formulations on the paired surgical skin incision rat model. These potential findings may help further enhance the understanding of wound healing and allow for a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients.
Les plaies aigues et chroniques sont associées à des taux de morbidité et mortalité importantes, et c'est pourquoi il est important de réaliser des études approfondies qui permettraient de développer des agents thérapeutiques qui stimulent la guérison de plaie. Le lien entre le système de complément et la guérison de plaies est encore méconnu. Le système de complément est composé de protéines bactéricides et hémolytiques qui augmentent la fuite capillaire tout en stimulant la migration de cellules. Il permet une réaction anaphylactique en recrutant des cellules inflammatoires telles que les fibroblastes suivis par la déposition de collagène au site de la plaie; ensemble celles-ci participent activement à la guérison et sont par la suite modulées par d'autres cellules inflammatoires. Cette étude analyse les effets de l'application topique de collagène, de compléments C3 et C5 sous diverses formes, au site de la plaie. Le modèle expérimental sélectionné a été réalisé par l'application d'une incision chirurgicale sur la peau dorsale du rat. Ces futurs résultats amélioreront notre compréhension de la guérison de plaies tout en permettant le développement d'une approche thérapeutique originale pour le traitement des patients atteints de plaies aigues et chroniques.
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Silva, Paula Regina Pereira. "Avaliação do potencial genotóxico e cancerígeno do lodo de estação de tratamento de esgoto (LETE) em sistemas experimentais in vivo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-13012011-151628/.

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A rápida oxidação da matéria orgânica dos solos tropicais é mais uma evidência da grande vantagem do uso de biossólidos como condicionadores, capazes de melhorar as características físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo com grandes reflexos na produtividade agrícola. Portanto, o presente projeto objetivou averiguar o potencial genotóxico e cancerígeno dos lotes do Lodo de Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (LETE) gerado em uma ETE prédefinida na região da bacia hidrográfica Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí (PCJ1). Estes dados poderão fornecer subsídios para a avaliação do risco das populações humanas e o meio ambiente expostas ao LETE. Foram utilizados 140 ratos Wistar machos com 8 semanas de idade, expostos, via ração, a concentrações de 10.000 e 50.000ppm de LETE, durante 6 e 8 semanas, com os iniciadores DEN (N-dietilnitrosamina) e DMH (1,2- dimetilhidrazina), conforme citado nos respectivos protocolos (Figuras 4 e 5). A avaliação toxicológica do lodo de esgoto desenvolvida pelo Núcleo de Avaliação do Impacto Ambiental Sobre a Saúde Humana (TOXICAM), enfocou os parâmetros toxicológicos, como seu potencial genotóxico, pelos testes do cometa e micronúcleo em sangue periférico e medula óssea e carcinogenicidade pelos ensaios de FCA e FHA. Os dois ensaios foram divididos em 4 grupos (FCA- GI=Controle Negativo, GII=Controle Positivo/DMH III=10.000ppmLETE e GIV=50.000ppmLETE); (FHAGI= Controle Negativo, GII=Controle Positivo/DEN, GIII=10.000ppmLETE e GIV=50.000ppmLETE). Entretanto, na 3ª semana foi realizada hepatectomia parcial em todos os animais dos respectivos grupos do ensaio de FHA. No teste do cometa foram utilizados 10 animais como controle positivo (controle interno - MNU-N-metil-N-nitrosourea), e 10 animais como controle negativo nos respectivos ensaios (FCA e FHA). Os testes em questão indicaram que o LETE não promove aumento do número de criptas aberrantes no cólon, número e área de focos de hepatócitos alterados no fígado, lesões no DNA (cometa), e também, não houve aumento de forma significativa a frequência de micronúcleo nas células, conforme as tabelas a seguir: 2.1(G=III e IV); 3.1(G=IV); 4(G=,III e IV); 5(G=III,IV e V); 6(G=III,IV e V); 7(G=IV e V). Em relação ao controle positivo. Estes dados poderão fornecer suporte na avaliação de risco da população humana e o meio ambiente, quando expostos ao lodo de estação de tratamento de esgoto.
Fast oxidation of organic matter on tropical soils is another evidence of the great advantage of using biosolids as conditioners once they are able to improve biological, chemical and physical characteristics of the soil with remarkable consequences on agricultural productivity. Therefore, the present project aimed at verifying genotoxic and carcinogenic potential plots of sludge from sewage treatment plants in a pre-defined watershed region at Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí (PCJ1). These data may provide support to evaluate risks on human populations and the environment exposed to sludge from sewage treatment plants. In the study, 140 Wistar male rats, 8 weekold, were used. They were exposed, via chow, to a 10.000 and 50.000 ppm concentration of sludge from sewage treatment plants during 6 to 8 weeks with DEN initiators (diethylnitrosamine) and DMH (1,2-dimethylhydrazine) as mentioned in protocols (Figures 4 and 5). Toxicological evaluation of LETE developed by Center of Evaluation of Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM) focused toxicological parameters with its genotoxic potential by comet and micronucleus assays on peripheral blood and bone marrow in Wistar rats and carcinogenicity using ACF and AHF assays. Both assays were divided into 4 groups (ACF- GI=Negative Control, GII=Positive Control/DMH III=10.000ppmLETE and GIV=50.000ppmLETE); (AHF-GI=Negative Control, GII=Positive Positive/DEN, GIII=10.000ppmLETE and GIV=50.000ppmLETE). Therefore, on the 3rd week partial hepatectomy was performed in every animal from AHF assays respective groups. assays and to FCA comet test, using MNU (N-methyl-N-nitrosourea) as positive control. The tests in question indicated that the SS not promote increased number of aberrant crypts in the colon, number and area of foci of altered hepatocytes in the liver, lesions in DNA (comet), and also, significantly increased the frequency of micronucleus in cells, according to the following tables 2.1(G=III and IV); 3.1(G=IV); 4(G=,III and IV); 5(G=III,IV and V); 6(G=III,IV and V); 7(G=IV and V). For the positive control. These data may provide support to evaluate risks on human populations and the environment exposed to sludge from sewage treatment plants.
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Menezes, Arteiro Queiroz. "Estudo de pulmões de ratos reperfundidos em um modelo experimental ex-vivo: comparação entre duas soluções de preservação (Perfadex® e Celsior®)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5156/tde-09082013-120744/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A lesão de isquemia-reperfusão continua sendo considerada a maior causa de mortalidade relacionada ao transplante de pulmão e sua gravidade é influenciada por diversos fatores, dentre eles, a preservação pulmonar. OBJETIVO: Comparar duas soluções de preservação pulmonar, Perfadex® e Celsior®, quanto a capacidade de preservação de tecido pulmonar isquêmico. MÉTODOS: Sessenta pulmões de ratos preservados com Perfadex®, Celsior® ou solução salina após períodos de isquemia hipotérmica de 6 ou 12 horas, foram reperfundidos com sangue homólogo em modelo experimental ex-vivo durante 60 minutos consecutivos. A cada 10 minutos os dados de gasometria, hematócrito, mecânica ventilatória, hemodinâmica e peso do bloco cardiopulmonar foram registrados. Ao final da reperfusão o pulmão esquerdo foi pesado e acondicionado por 48h a 70oC para obtenção da razão peso úmido/peso seco, bem como amostras de tecido pulmonar foram retiradas para histopatologia, microscopia eletrônica e TUNEL. A análise estatística incluiu a comparação entre as soluções e os tempos de isquemia, utilizando ANOVA e Kruskall-Wallis. O nível de significância foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: A comparação entre as complacências de pulmões preservados com Celsior® e Perfadex® nos tempos de isquemia de 6 e 12 horas não apresentou significância estatística (p=0,161 e p=0,316, respectivamente). Os pulmões submetidos a 6 horas de isquemia apresentaram complacência pulmonar superior aos de 12 horas (Perfadex® p=0,02; Celsior® p=0,019; Salina p=0,016). Os valores de pressão arterial pulmonar foram semelhantes entre as três soluções nos dois tempos de isquemia, bem como na comparação entre os tempos de 6 e 12 horas, independente da solução. A Capacidade Relativa de Oxigenação não demonstrou diferença estatística entre as três soluções, independentemente do tempo de isquemia. Na comparação entre os dois tempos de isquemia, o desempenho da oxigenação foi significativamente pior nos pulmões preservados com salina por 12 horas (p=0,001). A razão peso úmido/peso seco não apresentou diferença estatística significante entre as três soluções nos dois tempos de isquemia, porém na comparação entre os tempos de isquemia, os pulmões preservados com Perfadex® apresentaram uma relação peso úmido/peso seco maior no tempo de isquemia mais longo (p=0,001). À microscopia óptica, pulmões preservados com salina apresentaram mais edema que os demais, independentemente do tempo de isquemia. A avaliação da apoptose celular através do método de TUNEL não mostrou diferença estatisticamente significativa na comparação entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Os pulmões preservados com Perfadex® e Celsior® apresentaram desempenho similar em relação às trocas gasosas e parâmetros hemodinâmicos e de mecânica ventilatória. Os pulmões preservados com Perfadex® por 12 horas apresentaram mais edema. Os achados histopatológicos não diferiram entre os grupos estudados
INTRODUCTION: Ischemia-reperfusion injury remaisn the leading cause of mortality related to lung transplantation. Its severity is influenced by several factors including lung preservation. OBJECTIVE: To compare two lung preservation solutions, Perfadex® and Celsior® and its ability to preserve ischemic lung tissue. METHODS: Sixty rat lungs were preserved with Perfadex®, Celsior® or saline after a cold ischemic period of 6 or 12 hours and were then reperfused with homologous blood in an ex vivo experimental model for 60 consecutive minutes. At 10-minute intervals during reperfusion of the heart-lung blocks, data were collected for blood gases, hematocrit, mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic and the heart-lung block weight was recorded. At the end of reperfusion, the left lung was weighed and packaged kept at 70oC for 48h to obtain the wet-to-dry weight ratio. Lung tissue samples were processed for histology, electron microscopy and TUNEL. Statistical analysis included a comparison of the solutions and ischemic times, using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: The comparison between the compliance of lungs preserved with Celsior® and Perfadex® in ischemic times of 6 and 12 hours was not statistically significant (p=0.161 and p=0.316, respectively). The lungs subjected to 6 hours of ischemia showed higher lung compliance compared to 12 hours (p=0.02 Perfadex®; Celsior® p=0.019; saline p=0.016). The pulmonary artery pressure values were similar between the three solutions in two stages of ischemia and comparing the times of 6 and 12 hours, regardless of the solution. The Relative Oxygenation Capacity showed no significant difference between the three solutions tested, regardless of the ischemic time. The comparison between the two ischemic times showed that oxygenation capacity was significantly worse in lungs preserved with saline for 12 hours (p=0.001). The wet-to-dry weight ratio showed no statistically significant difference between the three solutions in both ischemic times. However, when ischemic times were compared, Perfadex® showed greater wet-to-dry weight ratio in lungs submitted to 12 hours of ischemia (p=0.001). Light microscopy showed that lungs preserved with saline had more edema than the others, regardless of the ischemic time. Assessment of apoptosis by the TUNEL assay showed no statistically significant difference in the comparison between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The lungs preserved with Celsior® and Perfadex® performed evenly in regards to gas exchange, hemodynamics and ventilatory mechanics. The lungs preserved with Perfadex® for 12 hours were more edematous. Histopathology findings did not differ between the groups
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Cayer, Christian. ""In vivo" Behavorial Characterization of Anxiolytic Botanicals." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20473.

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This thesis studied three plants traditionally used for treating a variety of anxiety related conditions. The three species were Roseroot, Rhodiola rosea from Nunavik, Cordonsillo, Piper amalago from Belize and “Sin Susto”, Souroubea sympetala from Costa Rica. The main objective of this research project was to investigate effects on behavior of these traditionally used native plants. It was found that the crude ethanol extracts derived from these plants administered intragastrically had measurable anxiolytic effects in male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats treated with extracts of these plants were then tested in several behavioral paradigms: elevated plus maze (EPM), social interaction (SI), conditioned emotional response (CER) and fear potentiated startle FPS. “Sin susto” produced significant anti-anxiety effects in several paradigms. Its active principle, betulinic acid, was significantly active in the EPM and FPS at a dose of 0.5mg/kg. Cordonsillo had strong activity in the SI paradigm and Roseroot in the CER paradigm. The results suggest that traditional use is based on pharmacological activity of the plants.
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Emmett, C. "Astroglial phenotype in vivo and in vitro." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380695.

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Ameho, Clement Kojo. "The effect of quercetin as an antioxidant in vivo in rats /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2004.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2004.
Adviser: Jeffrey Blumberg. Submitted to the School of Nutrition Science and Policy. Includes bibliographical references. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Lund, Jacobsen Bodil B. "In vivo investigations of genetically modified microorganisms using germ-free rats /." Roskilde : Roskilde universitet, Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1800/460.

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Books on the topic "In vivo experiments on rats"

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Ferguson, Kimberly Anne. The acute effect of insulin on hepatic very low density lipoprotein triglyceride secretion in rats in vivo. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.

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Lee, Lilian. An in vivo study on the skeletal effects of Bap/DMBA and resveratrol in estrogen-repleted OVX aged rats. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2001.

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Larsson, Carina Ingvast. Pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacokinetics of theophylline and clenbuterol: In vitro and in vivo studies in the horse and rat. Uppsala: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1991.

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Pharmakokinetik von 2-Nitropropan: Untersuchungen in vivo an Kaninchen, Untersuchungen in vitro an Leberfraktionen von Kaninchen und Ratte. Neuherberg: GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, 1992.

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Fernandez-Botran, Rafael. Immunological and hematopoietic biotechnology studies: Final report, NASA interchange NCA2-687. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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D, Mele Gary, Naidu Sujata, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. NASA rat acoustic tolerance test, 1994-1995: 8 kHz, 16 kHz, 32 kHz experiments : final report for NASA cooperative agreement #NCC2-822. San Jose, CA: Dept. of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, 1996.

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D, Mele Gary, Naidu Sujata, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. NASA rat acoustic tolerance test, 1994-1995: 8 kHz, 16 kHz, 32 kHz experiments : final report for NASA cooperative agreement #NCC2-822. San Jose, CA: Dept. of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, 1996.

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Samathanam, Glory K. An examination of spinal cord neuronal damage and in vivo neurotransmitter release in rats with acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. 1989.

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Arnold, Monica M., Lauren M. Burgeno, and Paul E. M. Phillips. Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry in Behaving Animals. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199939800.003.0005.

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Gaining insight into the mechanisms by which neural transmission governs behavior remains a central goal of behavioral neuroscience. Multiple applications exist for monitoring neurotransmission during behavior, including fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). This technique is an electrochemical detection method that can be used to monitor subsecond changes in concentrations of electroactive molecules such as neurotransmitters. In this technique, a triangular waveform voltage is applied to a carbon fiber electrode implanted into a selected brain region. During each waveform application, specific molecules in the vicinity of the electrode will undergo electrolysis and produce a current, which can be detected by the electrode. In order to monitor subsecond changes in neurotransmitter release, waveform application is repeated every 100 ms, yielding a 10 Hz sampling rate. This chapter describes the fundamental principles behind FSCV and the basic instrumentation required, using as an example system the detection of in vivo phasic dopamine changes in freely-moving animals over the course of long-term experiments. We explain step-by-step, how to construct and surgically implant a carbon fiber electrode that can readily detect phasic neurotransmitter fluctuations and that remains sensitive over multiple recordings across months. Also included are the basic steps for recording FSCV during behavioral experiments and how to process voltammetric data in which signaling is time-locked to behavioral events of interest. Together, information in this chapter provides a foundation of FSCV theory and practice that can be applied to the assembly of an FSCV system and execution of in vivo experiments.
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Fullana, Jose-Maria, Valerie Deplano, and Claude Verdier. Biological Flow in Large Vessels: Dialog Between Numerical Modeling and in Vitro/in Vivo Experiments. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2022.

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Book chapters on the topic "In vivo experiments on rats"

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Hohenegger, M., H. Echsel, M. Vermes, and H. Raneburger. "Influence of Some Uremic Toxins on Oxygen Consumption of Rats in Vivo and in Vitro." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 99–104. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8240-9_13.

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Persson, Malou Friederich, William J. Welch, Christopher S. Wilcox, and Fredrik Palm. "Kidney Function After In Vivo Gene Silencing of Uncoupling Protein-2 in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 217–23. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4989-8_30.

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Bastianel, Marinês, Vera L. N. P. Barros, Augusto Tulmann Neto, Paulo S. Souza, Rose M. Pio, and Rodrigo R. Latado. "Induction and selection of mandarin mutants with fruits containing low number of seeds." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 379–85. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0039.

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Abstract The Brazilian citrus industry has a worldwide presence for production and export of sweet orange juice, but it has little contribution to the production of fruits for the fresh fruit market. One requirement of this market is the production of seedless fruits. The Fremont IAC 543 mandarin produces fruits with good commercial qualities, large numbers of seeds (10-12), and plants with resistance to Alternaria brown spot (ABS), an important disease present in several countries. The objective of this work was to induce and select mutants of Fremont IAC 543 mandarin with seedless fruits or fruits with a low number of seeds, using gamma-ray induced mutagenesis. In vivo buds were irradiated with doses of 20 and 30 Gy of gamma-rays. After irradiation and grafting of 2000 in vivo buds with each mutagenic dose, 4000 plants were produced and planted in an experimental field. During development of these plants, they were pruned several times allowing only the development of M1V4 branches or more advanced ones (without new grafting). A total of 32 branches were selected during the harvesting period because they produced seedless fruits and nine mutant clones were selected after another vegetative multiplication. Fruit and juice qualities, including seed number of the fruits, were evaluated in a further experiment including six mutants and a control. The results obtained showed that all mutants produced fruits with a lower number of seeds (between 3.7 and 9.1 seeds per fruit) in relation to the control (22.0 seeds per fruit), but without the existence of other alterations (fruit metric and chemical characteristics of the juice). All selected mutants (nine) are participating in advanced agronomic evaluation experiments, with a greater number of replicates and several local checks, in order to evaluate commercial yield, presence of chimeras, disease resistance and organoleptic quality of the fruits.
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Matsunaga, Takashi, Shigetoshi Okumura, Hiroshi Eguchi, Hiroyuki Fukui, Nobuhiro Sato, and Takenobu Kamada. "A Non-Linear Calculation Method for In Vivo Estimation of Sinusoidal Oxygen Saturation in the Liver of Rats." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 447–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3404-4_50.

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Ye, Jian, Luojia Yang, Rajat Sethi, John Copps, Bram Ramjiawan, Randy Summers, and Roxanne Deslauriers. "A new technique of coronary artery ligation: Experimental myocardial infarction in rats in vivo with reduced mortality." In The Cellular Basis of Cardiovascular Function in Health and Disease, 227–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5765-4_29.

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Yuyama, S. "Absorption of Trigonelline from the Small Intestine of the Specific Pathogen-Free (Spf) and Germ-Free (Gf) Rats in Vivo." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 723–27. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4709-9_94.

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Yasumura, S., D. Glaros, J. Kalef-Ezra, J. Xatzikonstantinou, A. F. LoMonte, J. K. Yeh, and R. I. Moore. "Distribution of Body Water in Rats." In In Vivo Body Composition Studies, 357–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1473-8_49.

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Dunn, Jeff F., and Harold M. Swartz. "Combining NMR and EPR/ESR for in Vivo Experiments." In In Vivo EPR (ESR), 579–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0061-2_21.

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Martin, James G., and Hideyasu Mishima. "Antigen-Induced Bronchial Hyperreactivity in Rats." In Airways Smooth Muscle: Modelling the Asthmatic Response In Vivo, 75–93. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9000-7_4.

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Guthoff, Rudolf F., Christophe Baudouin, and Joachim Stave. "Confocal In Vivo Microscopy in Animal Experiments." In Atlas of Confocal Laser Scanning In-vivo Microscopy in Ophthalmology, 179–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32707-x_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "In vivo experiments on rats"

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Ito, T., Y. Koya, and N. Miki. "Long-term in vivo Experiment Protocol Using SD Rats." In 2019 International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/icep.2019.8733485.

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Rosu, Georgiana, Leontin Tuta, Sonia Spandole-Dinu, Ana-Maria Catrina, Octavian Calborean, Alina Andone, Lars Ole Fichte, and Octavian Baltag. "Specific Absorption Rate Variability in Long Term Exposure In Vivo Experiments." In 2023 13th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/atee58038.2023.10108118.

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Luneva, O. E. "Food supplement “carrageenan” and its effect on the organism." In VIII Information school of a young scientist. Central Scientific Library of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32460/ishmu-2020-8-0014.

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Food additives are positioned as harmless, although, their components affectthe physiological processes associated with the permeability of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and intestinal microbiota. This article describes thecarrageenan supplement and its effects on the body in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The experimental part is devoted to analysis of the intestinalmicrobiota of laboratory rats with the consumption of the carrageenan dietary supplement in the amount of about 4,4 % of the standard feed.
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Basu, Soumyadipta, Gopalendu Pal, Kunal Mitra, and Michael S. Grace. "Analysis of Short Pulse Radiation Transport Through Tissues for Tumor Detection." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81297.

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The objective of this paper is to perform a comprehensive experimental and numerical study to analyze short pulse laser propagation through animal tissue samples and phantoms with inhomogeneities imbedded in them. Initially a parametric study of different absorption and scattering coefficients of the tissue phantoms and of inhomogeneities imbedded in them, size and location of the inhomogeneities is performed in order to optimize the time resolved optical detection scheme. Tissues can be modeled primarily as having two main layers-skin and the underlying muscle. To study the interaction of light with the tissue layers, experiments are next performed on freshly excised rat tissue samples to validate the time varying optical signatures of rat skin and muscle with the numerical model. The next step is to perform in vivo imaging of anaesthetized rats with tumors injected on the skin as well as below the skin surface in order to test the optical detection scheme. The goal is the detection and characterization of tumors in rats.
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Beyreuther, Elke, Michael Brand, Steffen Loeck, Josefine Metzkes-Ng, Jörg Pawelke, Ulrich Schramm, Joao Seco, Rita E. Szabo, and Karl Zeil. "Systematic in vivo experiments at the Dresden platform for ultrahigh dose rate radiobiology." In Applying Laser-driven Particle Acceleration III: Uses of Distinctive Energetic Particle and Photon Sources, edited by Paul R. Bolton and Jörg Schreiber. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2667906.

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Seno, Pratitis Widi, Amilia Ramadhani, Saryono, Haris Budi Widodo, and Christiana C. Prihastuti. "The Lingzhi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) Extract Reduce the Number of Lymphocyte in Diabetics Rats with Periodontitis: In Vivo Experimental on Sprague dawley Rats." In 1’s t Jenderal Soedirman International Medical Conference (JIMC) in conjunction with the Annual Scientific Meeting (Temilnas) Consortium of Biomedical Science Indonesia (KIBI ). SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010490902540259.

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Bursell, S. E., A. C. Clermont, T. Shiba, and G. L. King. "Retinal Circulation Time Changes in Diabetic Rats Using Video Fluorescein Angiography." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1991.tub2.

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The non-invasive measurement of retinal blood flow changes can provide a unique method for monitoring vascular changes in diabetes and concomitant in vivo investigations into the biologic effects of various metabolic and vasoactive agents. A Video Fluorescein Angiography (VFA) system has been developed (1) and used to provide real time recordings of retinal fluorescein angiograms from a rat animal model. A low light level sensitive video camera was interfaced to a standard Nikon NFC-50 fundus camera fitted with a small pupil adaptor to facilitate better imaging of the retina through the smaller rat pupil. A silicon intensified target (Dage-MTI SIT-66) camera was used featuring low light level sensitivity and high resolution (700 video lines at 0.001 foot-candles). The gain of the image intensifier was controlled manually and for these experiments was set at 3 KV. At this gain setting and level of fundus camera illumination (1/3 of total useable intensity), the video signal did not saturate at arterial sites during VFA recording. The video images were recorded onto a high resolution monochrome optical disc recorder which facilitated a frame by frame digitization of the images.
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Chen, Cuiye, and Robert B. Roemer. "Simulation of Empirical Correlations Between Temperatures and Blood Perfusion During Heating Using a Temperature-Dependent Blood Perfusion Model." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62061.

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This study applies a recently developed temperature-dependent blood perfusion model (TDBPM) coupled with a modified, one-dimensional Pennes bioheat transfer equation to predict the blood perfusion and temperature responses to step function microwave heating applied in the in vivo experiments performed by Sekins’ et al. [1] on human thigh muscle. The TDBPM model links the perfusion increase to the tissue temperature elevation based on physiological mechanisms underlying this temperature-blood-perfusion change phenomenon, i.e., a pharmacokinetic compartmental model. This physiology-based model avoids using ad hoc time delays between blood perfusion increases and tissue temperature elevations as done in previous efforts. It also includes a mechanism that produces the threshold temperature for blood flow increases that has been observed in vivo. In our recent study [2], the TDBPM model was used to simulate both the constant temperature water bath heating used in the in vivo experiments on rat leg muscle performed by Song et al. [3], and the step function microwave heating applied in the in vivo experiments on canine thigh muscle performed by Roemer et al. [4]. The blood perfusion rates predicted by the model are compared with those in vivo experimental data obtained in rat muscle and human muscle and good agreement was obtained. The TDBPM provides a possible explanation to the biochemical and biophysical origins of the relationships between temperature and blood flow that observed in rat muscle and human muscle. The physiology-based TDBPM is a simple, generic model of muscle blood flow responses of different animals to different heating conditions, which provides the type of fundamental information needed for the design of methods to thermally control blood flow in medical applications.
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Vasilevskaya, E. R., G. G. Moldovanov, N. V. Kupaeva, V. A. Pchelkina, and L. V. Fedulova. "IN VIVO MODEL OF AUTOHEMORRHAGIC STROKE: EFFECTIVENESS OF A MEAT-BASED ENTERAL NUTRITION PRODUCT." In NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND ECOLOGY. Institute of information technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-2-1.46-52.

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An experimental study of the morphofunctional state of rats’ brain tissue with hemorrhagic strokes after diet therapy with a specialized meat product was carried out. Destructive changes in the structure of the brain and, in particular, neurons, revealed in the control, with a predom-inance of gliosis, stabilized on the 16th day after the operation when the product was introduced into the diet.
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Utter, Brent, Diann Brei, Jonathan Luntz, Daniel Teitelbaum, Manabu Okawada, and Eiichi Miyasaka. "Preliminary In Vivo Experimental Validation of SMA Based Bowel Extender for Short Bowel Syndrome." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1458.

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Short Bowel Syndrome is a serious medical condition caused by insufficient small bowel length resulting in significantly high rates of morbidity and mortality. The limited success of current therapies has prompted the investigation of a new treatment approach based on mechanotransduction — the process through which mechanical tensile loading on the bowel induces longitudinal growth. To enable clinically relevant mechanotransduction growth studies in large animals, such as pigs, a fully implantable and instrumented bowel extender device based on a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) ratchet was developed and validated in benchtop and ex vivo tests. These devices, however, must also be validated against the unique in vivo environment which presents challenges such as sealing, battery life, surgical implantation, signal attenuation from tissue, and isolating the measurement of tensile loading on the bowel wall. This paper extends the earlier development work to in vivo validation experiments within live pigs. A brief summary of the bowel extender architecture and operation is provided along with earlier ex vivo results that established device limits for in vivo testing. The wireless communication rate was updated to extend battery life and new surgical implantation procedures and lengthening schemes were developed. Two bowel extenders were tested in in vivo experiments ranging from 2.5 to 4.5 days with data collected to validate the wireless communication, SMA ratcheting and load/displacement measurements, confirming that the bowel extender successfully operates in vivo. More importantly, the bowel extenders successfully induced significant growth, which is promising for future studies comparing different lengthening schemes for optimal growth and the development of a clinical device for treating short bowel syndrome in humans.
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Reports on the topic "In vivo experiments on rats"

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Funkenstein, Bruria, and Shaojun (Jim) Du. Interactions Between the GH-IGF axis and Myostatin in Regulating Muscle Growth in Sparus aurata. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696530.bard.

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Growth rate of cultured fish from hatching to commercial size is a major factor in the success of aquaculture. The normal stimulus for muscle growth in growing fish is not well understood and understanding the regulation of muscle growth in fish is of particular importance for aquaculture. Fish meat constitutes mostly of skeletal muscles and provides high value proteins in most people's diet. Unlike mammals, fish continue to grow throughout their lives, although the size fish attain, as adults, is species specific. Evidence indicates that muscle growth is regulated positively and negatively by a variety of growth and transcription factors that control both muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. In particular, growth hormone (GH), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and transforming growth factor-13 (TGF-13) play critical roles in myogenesis during animal growth. An important advance in our understanding of muscle growth was provided by the recent discovery of the crucial functions of myostatin (MSTN) in controlling muscle growth. MSTN is a member of the TGF-13 superfamily and functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth in mammals. Studies in mammals also provided evidence for possible interactions between GH, IGFs, MSTN and the musclespecific transcription factor My oD with regards to muscle development and growth. The goal of our project was to try to clarify the role of MSTNs in Sparus aurata muscle growth and in particular determine the possible interaction between the GH-IGFaxis and MSTN in regulating muscle growth in fish. The steps to achieve this goal included: i) Determining possible relationship between changes in the expression of growth-related genes, MSTN and MyoD in muscle from slow and fast growing sea bream progeny of full-sib families and that of growth rate; ii) Testing the possible effect of over-expressing GH, IGF-I and IGF-Il on the expression of MSTN and MyoD in skeletal muscle both in vivo and in vitro; iii) Studying the regulation of the two S. aurata MSTN promoters and investigating the possible role of MyoD in this regulation. The major findings of our research can be summarized as follows: 1) Two MSTN promoters (saMSTN-1 and saMSTN-2) were isolated and characterized from S. aurata and were found to direct reporter gene activity in A204 cells. Studies were initiated to decipher the regulation of fish MSTN expression in vitro using the cloned promoters; 2) The gene coding for saMSTN-2 was cloned. Both the promoter and the first intron were found to be polymorphic. The first intron zygosity appears to be associated with growth rate; 3) Full length cDNA coding for S. aurata growth differentiation factor-l I (GDF-II), a closely related growth factor to MSTN, was cloned from S. aurata brain, and the mature peptide (C-terminal) was found to be highly conserved throughout evolution. GDF-II transcript was detected by RT -PCR analysis throughout development in S. aurata embryos and larvae, suggesting that this mRNA is the product of the embryonic genome. Transcripts for GDF-Il were detected by RT-PCR in brain, eye and spleen with highest level found in brain; 4) A novel member of the TGF-Bsuperfamily was partially cloned from S. aurata. It is highly homologous to an unidentified protein (TGF-B-like) from Tetraodon nigroviridisand is expressed in various tissues, including muscle; 5) Recombinant S. aurata GH was produced in bacteria, refolded and purified and was used in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Generally, the results of gene expression in response to GH administration in vivo depended on the nutritional state (starvation or feeding) and the time at which the fish were sacrificed after GH administration. In vitro, recombinantsaGH activated signal transduction in two fish cell lines: RTHI49 and SAFI; 6) A fibroblastic-like cell line from S. aurata (SAF-I) was characterized for its gene expression and was found to be a suitable experimental system for studies on GH-IGF and MSTN interactions; 7) The gene of the muscle-specific transcription factor Myogenin was cloned from S. aurata, its expression and promoter activity were characterized; 8) Three genes important to myofibrillogenesis were cloned from zebrafish: SmyDl, Hsp90al and skNAC. Our data suggests the existence of an interaction between the GH-IGFaxis and MSTN. This project yielded a great number of experimental tools, both DNA constructs and in vitro systems that will enable further studies on the regulation of MSTN expression and on the interactions between members of the GHIGFaxis and MSTN in regulating muscle growth in S. aurata.
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2

Wolfenson, David, William W. Thatcher, and James E. Kinder. Regulation of LH Secretion in the Periovulatory Period as a Strategy to Enhance Ovarian Function and Fertility in Dairy and Beef Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586458.bard.

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The general research objective was to increase herd pregnancy rates by enhancing corpus luteum (CL) function and optimizing follicle development, in order to increase conception rate and embryo survival. The specific objectives were: to determine the effect of the duration of the preovulatory LH surge on CL function; to determine the function of LH during the postovulatory period on CL development; to optimize CL differentiation and follicle development by means of a biodegradable GnRH implant; to test whether optimization of CL development and follicle dynamics in timed- insemination protocols would improve fertility in high-yielding dairy cows. Low fertility in cattle results in losses of hundreds of millions of dollars in the USA and Israel. Two major causes of low fertility are formation of a functionally impaired CL, and subsequent enhanced ovarian follicle development. A functionally impaired CL may result from suboptimal LH secretion. The two major causes of low fertility in dairy cattle in US and Israel are negative energy status and summer heat stress; in both situations, low fertility is associated with reductions in LH secretion and impaired development of the ovulatory follicle and of the CL. In Florida, the use of 450-mg deslorelin (GnRH analogue) implants to induce ovulation, under the Ovsynch protocol resulted in a higher pregnancy rates than use of 750-mg implants, and pregnancy losses tended to decrease compared to controls, due probably to decrease in follicular development and estradiol secretion at the time of conceptus signaling to maintain the CL. An alternative strategy to enhance progesterone concentrations involved induction of an accessory CL by injection of hCG on day 5 after the cows were inseminated. Treatment with hCG resulted in 86% of the cows having two CLs, compared with 23% of the control cows. Conception rates were higher among the hCG-treated cows than among the controls. Another approach was to replace the second injection of GnRH analogue, in a timed-insemination protocol, with estradiol cypionate (ECP) injected 24 h after the injection of PGF₂ₐ Pregnancy rates were comparable with those obtained under the regular Ovsynch (timed- AI) program. Use of ECP induced estrus, and cows inseminated at detected estrus are indeed more fertile than those not in estrus at the time of insemination. Collectively, the BARD-supported programs at the University of Florida have improved timed insemination programs. In Ohio, the importance of the frequency of LH episodes during the early stages of the estrous cycle of cattle, when the corpus luteum is developing, was studied in an in vivo experiment in which cows were subjected to various episodic exposures to exogenous bovine LH. Results indicate that the frequent LH episodes immediately following the time of ovulation are important in development of the corpus luteum, from the points of view of both size and functionality. In another study, rates of cell proliferation and numbers of endothelial cells were examined in vitro in CLs collected from cows that received post-ovulation pulsatile LH treatment at various frequencies. The results indicate that the corpora lutea growth that results from luteal cell proliferation is enhanced by the episodes of LH release that occur immediately after the time of ovulation in cattle. The results also show that luteal endothelial cell numbers did not differ among cows treated with different LH doses. In Israel. a longer duration of the preovulatory LH surge stimulated the steroidogenic capacity of granulosa-derived luteal cells, and might, thereby, contribute to a higher progesterone output from the bovine corpus luteum. In an in vivo study, a subgroup of high-yielding dairy cows with extended estrus to ovulation interval was identified. Associated with this extended interval were: low plasma progesterone and estradiol concentrations and a low preovulatory LH surge prior to ovulation, as well as low post- ovulation progesterone concentration. In experiments based on the above results, we found that injection of GnRH at the onset of estrus increased the LHpeak, prevented late ovulation, decreased the variability between cows and elicited high and uniform progesterone levels after ovulation. GnRH at estrus onset increased conception rates, especially in the summer, and among primiparous cows and those with low body condition. Another study compared ovarian functions in multiparous lactating cows with those in nulliparous non-lactating heifers. The results revealed differences in ovarian follicular dynamics, and in plasma concentrations of steroids and gonadotropins that may account for the differences in fertility between heifers and cows.
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3

Kanner, Joseph, Dennis Miller, Ido Bartov, John Kinsella, and Stella Harel. The Effect of Dietary Iron Level on Lipid Peroxidation of Muscle Food. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604282.bard.

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Biological oxidations are almost exclusively metal ion-promoted reactions and in ths respect iron, being the most abundant, is the commonly involved. The effect of dietary iron levels on pork, turkey and chick muscle lipid peroxidation and various other related compounds were evaluated. Crossbred feeder pigs were fed to market weight on corn-soy rations containing either 62, 131 or 209 ppm iron. After slaughter, the muscles were dissected, cooked and stored at 4°C. Heavily fortifying swine rations with iron (>200 ppm) increase nn-heme iron (NHI), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and decrease a-tocopherol in cooked stored pork but did not increase warmed-over aroma (WOA). NHI and TBARS were higher in cooked pork from pigs fed high-iron diets. Liver iron correlated with muscle iron. TBARS were strongly related with WOA. The role of dietary vitamin E and ascorbic acid on Fe-induced in vivo lipid peroxidation in swine was also evaluated. Moderate elevation in iron stores had a marked effect on oxidative stress, especially as indicated by liver TBARS. Supplemental vitamin E, and to a lesser extent vitamin C, protect against this oxidative stress. Unsupplementation of Fe in the regular diet of turkeys did not affect body weight, blood hemoglobin level, or iron pool in the liver or muscle. The reason being that it contained "natural" ~120 mg Fe/kg feed, and this amount is high enough to keep constant the pool of iron in the body, liver or muscle tissues. Only Fe-supplementation with high amounts of Fe (500 ppm) significantly increased turkey blood hemoglobin and total iron in the liver, in 1 out of 3 experiments, but only slightly affects iron pool in the muscles. It seems that the liver accumulates very high concentations of iron and significantly regulates iron concentration in skeletal muscles. For this reason, it was very difficult to decrease muscle stability in turkeys through a diet containing high levels of Fe-supplementation. It was shown that the significant increase in the amount of iron (total and "free") in the muscle by injections with Fe-dextran accelerated its lipid peroxidation rate and decreased its a-tocopherol concentration. The level and metabolism of iron in the muscles affects the intensity of in vivo lipid peroxidation. This process was found to ifluence the turnover and accumulation of a-tocopherol in turkey and chick muscles. Treatments which could significantly decrease the amount and metabolism of iron pool in muscle tissues (or other organs) may affect the rate of lipid peroxidation and the turnover of a-tocopherol. Several defense enzymes were determined and found in the turkey muscle, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione peroxidase was more active in muscles with a high trend of lipid peroxidation, lmore so in drumsticks than in breast muscles, or muscles with a low a-tocopherol content. The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased several fold in muscle stored at 4°C. Our work demonstrated that it will be much more practical to increase the stability of muscle tissues in swine, turkeys and chickens during storage and processing by increasing the amount of vitamin E in the diet than by withdrawing iron supplementation.
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4

Moolgavkar, S. H. [Initiation, promotion, initiation experiments with radon and cigarette smoke: Lung tumors in rats]. Progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10185044.

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5

Sinpurwalla, Nozer D., and Jingxian Chen. Filtering, Smoothing, and Extrapolations in Dose-Response Experiments: With Application to Data on Respiratory Tumor in Rats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada293968.

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6

Idowu, Olutosin R. Support of Study Entitled, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Dihydroartemisinin" and "In Vitro and In Vivo Metabolism of Sodium Artelinate and DQHS in Rats and Humans".". Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada368434.

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7

Campodonico, Sylvia, and Jingxian Chen. A Computer Program for 'Filtering, Smoothing, Extrapolation in Dose-Response Experiments With Application to Data on Respiratory Tumor of Rats',. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada293862.

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8

Auerbach, Scott, Michelle Cora, Georgia Roberts, Kelly Shipkowski, AtLee Watson, Jennifer Fostel, Bradley Collins, et al. NIEHS Report on the In Vivo Repeat Dose Biological Potency Study of Perfluorohexanesulfonamide (CASRN 41997-13-1) in Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley® SD®) Rats (Gavage Studies). National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22427/niehs-10.

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9

Auerbach, Scott, Michelle Cora, Georgia Roberts, Kelly Shipkowski, AtLee Watson, Jennifer Fostel, Bradley Collins, et al. NIEHS Report on the In Vivo Repeat Dose Biological Potency Study of 2,3-Benzofluorene (CASRN 243-17-4) in Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley® SD®) Rats (Gavage Studies). National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22427/niehs-09.

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10

Shpigel, Nahum, Raul Barletta, Ilan Rosenshine, and Marcelo Chaffer. Identification and characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis virulence genes expressed in vivo by negative selection. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7696510.bard.

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. Johne’s disease is considered to be one of the most serious diseases affecting dairy cattle both in Israel and worldwide. Heavy economic losses are incurred by dairy farmers due to the severe effect of subclinical infection on milk production, fertility, lower disease resistance and early culling. Its influence in the United States alone is staggering, causing an estimated loss of $1.5 billion to the agriculture industry every year. Isolation of MAP from intestinal tissue and blood of Crohn's patients has lead to concern that it plays a potential pathogenic role in promoting human IDB including Crohn’s disease. There is great concern following the identification of the organism in animal products and shedding of the organism to the environment by subclinically infected animals. Little is known about the molecular basis for MAP virulence. The goal of the original proposed research was to identify MAP genes that are required for the critical stage of initial infection and colonization of ruminants’ intestine by MAP. We proposed to develop and use signature tag mutagenesis (STM) screen to find MAP genes that are specifically required for survival in ruminants upon experimental infection. This research projected was approved as one-year feasibility study to prove the ability of the research team to establish the animal model for mutant screening and alternative in-vitro cell systems. In Israel, neonatal goat kids were repeatedly inoculated with either one of the following organisms; MAP K-10 strain and three transposon mutants of K-10 which were produced and screened by the US PI. Six months after the commencement of inoculation we have necropsied the goats and taken multiple tissue samples from the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both PCR and histopathology analysis indicated on efficient MAP colonization of all the inoculated animals. We have established several systems in the Israeli PI’s laboratory; these include using IS900 PCR for the identification of MAP and using HSP65-based PCR for the differentiation between MAV and MAP. We used Southern blot analysis for the differentiation among transposon mutants of K-10. In addition the Israeli PI has set up a panel of in-vitro screening systems for MAP mutants. These include assays to test adhesion, phagocytosis and survival of MAP to/within macrophages, assays that determine the rate of MAPinduced apoptosis of macrophages and MAP-induced NO production by macrophages, and assays testing the interference with T cell ã Interferon production and T cell proliferation by MAP infected macrophages (macrophage studies were done in BoMac and RAW cell lines, mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, respectively). All partners involved in this project feel that we are currently on track with this novel, highly challenging and ambitious research project. We have managed to establish the above described research systems that will clearly enable us to achieve the original proposed scientific objectives. We have proven ourselves as excellent collaborative groups with very high levels of complementary expertise. The Israeli groups were very fortunate to work with the US group and in a very short time period to master numerous techniques in the field of Mycobacterium research. The Israeli group has proven its ability to run this complicated animal model. This research, if continued, may elucidate new and basic aspects related to the pathogenesis MAP. In addition the work may identify new targets for vaccine and drug development. Considering the possibility that MAP might be a cause of human Crohn’s disease, better understanding of virulence mechanisms of this organism might also be of public health interest as well.
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