Academic literature on the topic 'In vitro pre-clinic test'
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Journal articles on the topic "In vitro pre-clinic test"
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McKenna, Mary K., Amanda Rosewell-Shaw, and Masataka Suzuki. "Modeling the Efficacy of Oncolytic Adenoviruses In Vitro and In Vivo: Current and Future Perspectives." Cancers 12, no. 3 (March 7, 2020): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030619.
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Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAd) selectively target and lyse tumor cells and enhance anti- tumor immune responses. OAds have been used as promising cancer gene therapies for many years and there are a multitude of encouraging pre-clinical studies. However, translating OAd therapies to the clinic has had limited success, in part due to the lack of realistic pre-clinical models to rigorously test the efficacy of OAds. Solid tumors have a heterogenous and hostile microenvironment that provides many barriers to OAd treatment, including structural and immunosuppressive components that cannot be modeled in two-dimensional tissue culture. To replicate these characteristics and bridge the gap between pre-clinical and clinical success, studies must test OAd therapy in three-dimensional culture and animal models. This review focuses on current methods to test OAd efficacy in vitro and in vivo and the development of new model systems to test both oncolysis and immune stimulatory components of oncolytic adenovirotherapy.
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Yaneva, N., M. Baycheva, P. Kostova, V. Papochieva, S. Mileva, D. Miteva, A. Savov, and G. Petrova. "Preventable Hazards from in Vitro Fertilization – A Case Series of CF Patients from Bulgaria." Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics 26, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjmg-2023-0001.
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Abstract Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is not often performed when donor gametes are used, due to its high cost. This is with the presumption that the donors are healthy. We report on five cases of babies with confirmed cystic fibrosis (CF), being the result from in vitro fertilization (IVF) with donor (4 cases) or own gametes (one case). There has been no family history for CF in any of the families affected. The clinical presentation in the children ranged from meconium ileus to recurrent respiratory infections and severe nasal polyposis. The age of diagnosis also varied from birth until 9 years. Since one of the presented cases was discovered in a very renowned private IVF clinic, the clinic changed their own protocol, and currently they test every donor for CF carriership. The percentage of CF carriers in the donor population is roughly the same as the one predicted in the general population of Bulgaria – 1/33. Although PGD is costly, the costs for proper care for a CF patient are currently much higher. The more economical option would to screen every donor for CF carriership. IVF requires a lot of physical and psychological stamina. The couples that go through this procedure also require a great deal of hope. It is essential to be more preconscious for possible congenital diseases. We advocate every IVF center to test the donors for CF carriership or to provide PGD for their clients.
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Shafira, Nadia, Liva Wijaya, Ayang Halim, Boy Abidin, Tri Bowo Hasmoro, and Budi Wiweko. "#40 : Correlation Between Pre-Trigger Estradiol Levels and the Number of Mature Oocytes in Patients Who Underwent In Vitro Fertilization." Fertility & Reproduction 05, no. 04 (December 2023): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318223741449.
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Background and Aims: Strong association between pre-trigger estradiol levels on the day of human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) administration and the number of mature oocytes retrieved was widely reported. Consequently, higher estradiol levels measured might give a prediction of the higher number of mature oocytes retrieved on Ovum Pick Up (OPU) procedure. This study was done to investigate the correlation between pre-trigger estradiol levels and number of mature oocytes retrieved in patients who underwent In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) cycles in Indonesian population. Method: A cross sectional study was done at Mbrio IVF Clinic, Mitra Keluarga Hospital Kelapa Gading, Jakarta, Indonesia. Data was collected from the medical records of 77 patients who underwent IVF cycles between September 2021 and March 2023. The level of estradiol on the hCG administration day and the number of mature oocytes retrieved were analysed to find any correlation between both variables using the Spearman Test. Results: There were 77 women who underwent IVF procedures with the age range between 27 and 45-year-old (mean 35,5 ± 4,52). Most of them (83%) had primary infertility and had infertility between 1 to 14 years (mean 5,5 ± 3,48). These subjects came to the clinic mostly due to both male and female factors (49,4%), followed by male factor only (27,3%). E2 on hCG day ranged between 194 to 13.000 pg/ml with the median 2.709 pg/ml, and the mature oocytes retrieved ranged between 0 and 31 with a median of 8 oocytes. A statistically significant correlation (r = 0.827; p<0.01) was found between the estradiol level and mature oocytes retrieved. Conclusion: Pre-trigger Estradiol level can be used as a predictor for the number of mature oocytes retrieved in IVF cycle as these two variables are strongly correlated to each other. A multi-centre study with larger sample size is needed to validate current data.
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Irfan, Sarah, Seema Irfan, Mubassar Fida, and Israr Ahmad. "Contamination assessment of orthodontic bands after different pre-cleaning methods at a tertiary care hospital." Journal of Orthodontics 46, no. 3 (June 13, 2019): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465312519855402.
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Introduction: Infection control in dentistry is a major concern due to risk of transmission of communicable diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of various pre-cleaning methods for the tried-in orthodontic bands. Material and methods: An in-vitro experimental study was conducted at the Central Sterilization Services Department (Dental Clinic) and the Microbiology lab at our university hospital. A total of 130 bands were included in our study which comprised 10 controls and the rest were equally divided into three groups according to the pre-cleaning methods, i.e. manual scrubbing, enzymatic solution and a combination of both. The orthodontic bands were incubated in the brain heart infusion broth at 37 °C for five days after pre-cleaning and sterilisation in a steam autoclave and were assessed for any bacterial growth. The chi-square test was applied to determine any significant association between the various pre-cleaning methods and the frequency of bands that showed growth. Effect size was calculated using the phi coefficient. Results: The enzyme method revealed 5% of the sample to exhibit bacterial growth, whereas manual scrubbing and the combination of both showed no growth. There was no statistically significant difference among the three methods ( P = 0.131). Further investigations showed the presence of Staphylococcus non-aureus bacterial species in contaminated bands from group II. Conclusions: All pre-cleaning methods were found to be equally effective in the decontamination of bands. Hence, the tried-in bands can be safely reused after pre-cleaning and sterilisation.
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Corey, Jacquelynne P., and Anil Gungor. "In vitro testing for immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergies." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 115, no. 4 (October 1996): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(96)70044-x.
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The role of immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy in subjects with allergic disorders, especially in patients with rhinitis and sinusitis, is underestimated by clinicians because of the initial attribution of these disorders to immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions. The difficulties of diagnosing food-related reactions have caused further delay in their recognition and incorporation into the daily practice of diagnosing food allergy. Two of the diagnostic methods for food allergy are the in vitro assay of total immunoglobulin E and the measurement of food-specific immunoglobulin E levels in serum with the radioallergosorbent test. Measurement of specific immunoglobulin E level is the most commonly used but also one of the most controversial techniques. We examined 123 patients with rhinitis who were referred to our otolaryngology/allergy clinic between January and April 1995. All patients received an initial radioallergosorbent test screen, which included milk. We determined the positive predictive value of this positive screen and, in particular, of a positive test for milk in the diagnosis of immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergies in these patients. Conclusions were based on comparison with the result of an additional radioallergosorbent test food panel consisting of eight common and two investigational food allergens. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1996;115:312-8.)
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Greer, J. J., Z. al-Zubaidy, and J. E. Carter. "Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates perinatal rat respiration in vitro." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 271, no. 5 (November 1, 1996): R1160—R1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.5.r1160.
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In the present study, we test whether thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates respiratory frequency in perinatal rats by acting at regions of the medulla responsible for respiratory rhythmogenesis, the pre-Botzinger complex. We also test whether TRH stimulates respiration in the fetal rat at a time shortly after the inception of respiratory rhythmogenesis [embryonic days (E) 17-18]. Two in vitro experimental models were utilized: the isolated brain stem-spinal cord preparation from fetal (E17-E18) and neonatal [postnatal days (P) 0-2] rats and the medullary slice preparation isolated from neonatal rats (P1-P2). Bath application of TRH caused a dose-dependent, reversible increase (maximum increase approximately 60%) in the frequency of respiratory rhythmic neural discharge generated by brain stem-spinal cord [half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) approximately 9 nM] and medullary slice (EC50 approximately 2.5 nM) neonatal rat preparations. Pressure injection of TRH unilaterally into the region of the pre-Botzinger complex of the neonatal medullary slice caused an approximately 28% increase in the frequency of respiratory discharge. Application of TRH to the medium bathing fetal rat brain stem-spinal cord preparations caused an approximately threefold increase in respiratory discharge frequency. We conclude that TRH stimulates respiratory discharge frequency from the time near inception of respiratory motor discharge and acts directly at the pre-Botzinger complex.
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Khan, Muhammad Ali, Andrew J. Kassianos, Wendy E. Hoy, AHM Khurshid Alam, Helen G. Healy, and Glenda C. Gobe. "Promoting Plant-Based Therapies for Chronic Kidney Disease." Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine 27 (January 2022): 2515690X2210796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515690x221079688.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is debilitating, increasing in incidence worldwide, and a financial and social burden on health systems. Kidney failure, the final stage of CKD, is life-threatening if untreated with kidney replacement therapies. Current therapies using commercially-available drugs, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers, generally only delay the progression of CKD. This review article focuses on effective alternative therapies to improve the prevention and treatment of CKD, using plants or plant extracts. Three mechanistic processes that are well-documented in CKD pathogenesis are inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Many plants and their extracts are already known to ameliorate kidney dysfunction through antioxidant action, with subsequent benefits on inflammation and fibrosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments using plant-based therapies for pre-clinical research demonstrate some robust therapeutic benefits. In the CKD clinic, combination treatments of plant extracts with conventional therapies that are seen as relatively successful currently may confer additive or synergistic renoprotective effects. Therefore, the aim of recent research is to identify, rigorously test pre-clinically and clinically, and avoid any toxic outcomes to obtain optimal therapeutic benefit from medicinal plants. This review may prove to be a filtering tool to researchers into complementary and alternative medicines to find out the current trends of using plant-based therapies for the treatment of kidney diseases, including CKD.
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Sinjari, Bruna, Manlio Santilli, Gianmaria D’Addazio, Imena Rexhepi, Alessia Gigante, Sergio Caputi, and Tonino Traini. "Influence of Dentine Pre-Treatment by Sandblasting with Aluminum Oxide in Adhesive Restorations. An In Vitro Study." Materials 13, no. 13 (July 7, 2020): 3026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13133026.
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Dentine pretreatment through sandblasting procedures has been widely studied but no curve test results are currently available. Thus, the aim herein was to in vitro compare the adhesive strength in sandblasted or not samples using a universal testing machine. Thirty -two bovine teeth were divided into two groups, namely test (n = 16 bars), sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles (50 µm) was performed before the adhesion procedures), and control (n = 16 bars), where no sandblasting procedure was performed. A bi-material curve test was used to evaluate the characteristics of the dentine pretreatment in terms of tensile stress and fracture strength. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the fracture topography in the composite, bonding, dentin, and at the relative interfaces. The results demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of tensile stress at maximum load showing values of 84.300 ± 51.342 MPa and 35.071 ± 16.609 MPa, respectively for test and control groups (p = 0.033). Moreover, a fracture strength test showed values of 18.543 ± 8.145 MPa for test and 8.186 ± 2.833 MPa for control group (p = 0.008). In conclusion, the sandblasting treatment of the dentine significantly influenced the mechanical resistance of the adhesion in this in vitro study.
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Zhou, Feng, Liang Liang Wu, Yuan Yuan Cui, Ying Chen, Jie Yang, and Nan Huang. "A Method to Measure the Station of Artificial Mechanical Heart Valves." Advanced Materials Research 683 (April 2013): 712–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.683.712.
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The experiments of artificial heart valves were divided into in vivo and in vitro experiments; in vivo experiments provide accurate experimental parameters serving in vitro research. Simulation experiment used in vitro usually goes like this, firstly design a similar model or prototype phenomenon, then analysis the model working out the regular parameters related to the process, ruled out the possibility of impact on the study of individual exist in vivo experiment. In vitro experiments are likely designed; performance can be simplified and prominently concerned about contents, even designed some extreme conditions to test. A number of means related to fluid experimental measurement are included, such as the Particle Image Velocimetry（PIV）[1], Dual Catheter Method [2]，and ultrasonic method[3] and so on. However, these methods have different kinds of limitations, for example the Dual Catheter Method cannot be used as a routine determination for clinic due to its destructiveness, and PIV test requires expensive equipment. This study was designed by the image processing technology of high-speed photography aiming at the production of a reliable, simple, economic, injury-free and non-contact measurement method.
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Schuler, Kevin M., Brooke S. Rambally, Megan J. DiFurio, Paola A. Gehrig, and Victoria Lin Bae-Jump. "A preoperative window study of metformin for the treatment of endometrial cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 5519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.5519.
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5519 Background: Obesity and diabetes have been linked to poorer survival and increased recurrence rates in endometrial cancer. The anti-diabetic medication, metformin, has been shown to have anti-tumorigenic effects in vitro and in vivo, via AMPK activation and inhibition of the mTOR pathway. We conducted a pre-operative window clinical trial of metformin in obese endometrial cancer patients to evaluate short-term in vivo molecular changes. Methods: Women with endometrioid endometrial cancer who were obese (BMI>30) were recruited from a gynecologic oncology clinic. Once enrolled, patients had a repeat pre-treatment endometrial biopsy and then began metformin at a dose of 850 mg PO once daily for 1-4 weeks prior to hysterectomy/surgical staging. A tissue microarray, using triplicate cores from each specimen, was constructed from paired formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded endometrial biopsy (pre-treatment) and hysterectomy (post-treatment) specimens. The expression of Ki-67, a marker of cell proliferation, was measured by immunohistochemistry. Individual slides were digitized using the Aperio ScanScope (Aperio Technologies, Vista, CA), and digital images were analyzed using Aperio ImageScope software. The Signed Rank Test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Sixteen patients have completed the protocol. The mean duration of treatment was 14.5 days. Percent Ki-67 staining decreased significantly with metformin treatment (mean of 19.5% decrease, p = 0.026). Two patients experienced grade 1 toxicities, including mild abdominal pain and loose stools. Ten of the 16 patients responded to metformin based on decreased proliferation from their pre- to post-treatment specimens. There were no differences in median age, BMI, HgbA1c, or number of doses taken between responders and non-responders to treatment. Pre-treatment Ki-67 levels were statistically higher in the women that responded to metformin treatment (52% versus 27.5%, p = 0.0067). Conclusions: Metformin significantly reduced proliferation in a pre-operative window study in obese endometrial cancer patients, providing further support for therapeutic clinical trials of metformin in this obesity-driven disease.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "In vitro pre-clinic test"
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Bola, Ana Margarida Ramos. "Proposal of a pre-clinical test to assess the biomechanical performance of shoulder prostheses." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22380.
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Dotoramento em Engenharia MecânicaProsthesis commercialization requires the compliance of regulations that ensure the safe use of prosthesis. However, several prostheses have been withdrawn from the market due to their high failure rates, which is a strong indicator of the lack of suitable pre-clinical tests that allow a more rigorous evaluation of its performance and effectiveness. Thus, the main objective of this doctoral thesis consisted in the development of a pre-clinical test capable of accessing shoulder prosthesis performance. For this purpose, a multi-body model of the intact shoulder containing all muscle groups was used in the first stage in view to identify and characterize those that most contribute to the 90º abduction movement, being them the deltoid, the infraspinatus, the supraspinatus and the subscapularis. Two in vitro models were constructed using composite bone structures of the humerus and of the scapula. In the intact model the cartilage and the inferior glenohumeral ligament were considered and in the implanted model a non-cemented anatomical prosthesis (Comprehensive® Total Shoulder System) and a central post in porous metal for glenoid fixation were used. Strain gage rosettes were used to measure the deformation suffered by the bone structures when positioned at 90º abduction and subjected to loading. Finite element models (FEM) of the intact and implanted shoulder, that replicate the in vitro models, were developed. The FEM were subjected to the same loading scenarios as the in vitro models. The comparison between the strains determined numerically and experimentally allowed FEM validation. Stress and strain distribution inside the bone structures, determined with the FEM of the implanted shoulder, agree with the clinical observations present in literature. This indicates that, in a general way, the developed FEM predicts bone behavior in the presence of a prosthesis and may be considered a pre-clinical test to evaluate shoulder implants performance. To verify that the pre-clinical test developed is sensitive to small differences in implant design and that can be used to predict shoulder prosthesis performance, a new central fixation post in polyethylene was used. Stress and strain distributions determined using the FEM with the new fixation post are (once again) in agreement with clinical observations, confirming that the developed FEM can be used for the pre-clinical evaluation of other shoulder implant designs, allowing to analyze their performance before clinical use.
A comercialização de uma prótese requer o cumprimento de regulamentos e normas que garantam a segurança de utilização da mesma. No entanto, diversas próteses têm sido retiradas do mercado devido às elevadas taxas de insucesso que apresentam, sendo este um forte indicador da falta de testes adequados que permitam uma avaliação mais rigorosa do seu desempenho e eficácia. Deste modo, o principal objetivo desta tese de doutoramento consistiu no desenvolvimento de um ensaio pré-clínico capaz de aferir o desempenho biomecânico de próteses do ombro. Para o efeito, numa primeira fase foi utilizado um modelo multi-corpo do ombro intacto contendo todos os grupos musculares com vista a identificar e caracterizar os que mais contribuem para o movimento de abdução de 90°, sendo eles o deltoide, o infraespinhal, o supraespinhal e o subescapular. Foram construídos dois modelos in vitro recorrendo a estruturas ósseas compósitas do úmero e da escápula. No modelo intacto foram consideradas as cartilagens e o ligamento glenohumeral inferior e no modelo implantado foi utilizada uma prótese anatómica não cimentada (Comprehensive® Total Shoulder System) e um pino central de fixação da componente da glenoide revestido com metal poroso. Rosetas de extensometria foram utilizadas para medir as extensões sofridas pelas estruturas ósseas quando posicionadas a 90º de abdução e sob carregamento. Foram desenvolvidos modelos de elementos finitos (EF) do ombro intacto e implantado que replicam os modelos in vitro. Os modelos de EF foram sujeitos aos mesmos cenários de carregamento que os modelos in vitro. A comparação entre as deformações determinadas numericamente e experimentalmente permitiu a validação dos modelos de EF. A distribuição de tensões e deformações no interior das estruturas ósseas, determinadas com o modelo de EF do ombro implantado, estão de acordo com as observações clínicas presentes na literatura. Isto indica que, de uma forma geral, o modelo de EF desenvolvido prevê o comportamento do osso na presença de uma prótese e pode ser considerado um teste pré-clínico para avaliação do desempenho de implantes do ombro. Para verificar que o teste préclínico desenvolvido é sensível a pequenas diferenças no design dos implantes e que pode ser utilizado para prever o desempenho de próteses, foi utilizado um novo pino central de fixação em polietileno. A distribuição de tensões e de deformações determinadas através do modelo de EF usando o novo pino de fixação estão (mais uma vez) de acordo com as observações clínicas, o que confirma que o modelo de EF desenvolvido pode ser utilizado na avaliação préclínica de outros implantes do ombro, permitindo analisar o seu desempenho antes da utilização clínica.
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Valentin, Loïse. "Développement de modèles de culture en 3D pour l’étude des maladies et des infections hépatiques humaines." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS442.pdf.
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Les infections et maladies hépatiques sont une cause majeure de morbidité et de mortalité. Elles incluent des infections causées par des pathogènes hépatotropiques, comme le parasite Plasmodium, et des maladies d’origine non infectieuse causées notamment par des traitements médicamenteux, telle que la cholestase. L’hépatocyte humain primaire (PHH) est le type cellulaire de choix pour étudier ces infections et pathologies in vitro, mais il est nécessaire de développer de nouveaux modèles de culture plus proches de la physiologie des cellules in vivo et plus pertinents que les modèles 2D. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit mon projet de thèse visant à développer des systèmes de culture en 3D de cellules hépatiques humaines. Les travaux menés ont conduit à la mise en place d’un modèle 3D sphéroïde scaffold-free de PHH viable et plus fonctionnel que le modèle 2D+. Les résultats montrent également que les sphéroïdes de PHH sont un modèle approprié pour la culture du stade hépatique de Plasmodium et suggèrent une meilleure sensibilité de ce modèle pour la prédiction d’activité de molécules antipaludiques. Dans le but d’améliorer la manipulation des sphéroïdes, la magnétisation des sphéroïdes à l’aide de nanoparticules (NS) a été testée. Les NS n’affectent ni la viabilité, ni les fonctions hépatiques des PHH, ni leur susceptibilité à l’infection par Plasmodium. Enfin, un modèle identique avec des cellules HepaRG a été utilisé pour tester une méthode de détection de la cholestase médicamenteuse à l’aide d’une nouvelle sonde fluorescente. Les résultats suggèrent que cette sonde peut être utilisée dans des modèles sphéroïdes pour l’évaluation de l’activité de molécules cholestatiquesLiver infections and diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. They include infections caused by hepatotropic pathogens, such as the Plasmodium parasite, and diseases of non-infectious origin caused in particular by drug treatments, such as cholestasis. The primary human hepatocyte (PHH) is the cell type of choice to study these infections and pathologies in vitro, but it is essential to develop new culture models closer to the physiology of cells in vivo and more relevant than 2D models. In this context, my thesis project aims to develop 3D culture systems for human liver cells. The work allowed to the establishment of a viable 3D spheroid scaffold-free model of PHH more functional than the 2D+ model. The results also demonstrate that PHH spheroids are an appropriate model for the culture of the liver stage of Plasmodium and would be more sensitive to antimalarial molecules. In order to improve the manipulation of spheroids, the magnetization of spheroids using nanoparticles (NS) was tested. NS do not affect the viability or hepatic functions of PHHs or their susceptibility to Plasmodium infection. Finally, an identical model with HepaRG cells was used to test a method for detecting drug induced cholestasis using a new fluorescent probe. The results proved that this probe can be used in spheroid models for the evaluation of the activity of cholestatic molecules
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Padrnos, Leslie. "The Test Tube Baby: Out of Reach or Out of Luck? A Retrospective Look at the Impact of Basal FSH and Age on In Vitro Fertilization Success in a Clinic Operating Without Laboratory Value Thresholds or Age Limits?" Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183697.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Objective: To assess the impact of age and FSH on IVF outcomes in an assisted reproductive technology clinic that does not have treatment thresholds based on age or laboratory FSH values. Design: Retrospective cohort study Setting: The Arizona Center For Fertility Studies in Phoenix, AZ Patient(s): Women who sought fertility treatment (with the exclusion of patients using donor or frozen oocytes) ages 18-50, representing a total of 1388 IVF cycles Intervention(s): IVF using nondonor embryos Main Outcome Measure(s): Live-birth rate per cycle started Result(s): A total of 1388 IVF cycles with autologous oocytes were analyzed to determine the impact of basal FSH and age on therapy outcomes. The pregnancy rates for individuals 18-34 years old were not significantly different and ranged from 41.1% to 34%. Pregnancy rates for individuals aged 35-39 years old exhibited a reduced pregnancy rate that ranged from 24.7% to 19.8%. For the eldest patients, a significant reduction in pregnancy rates was demonstrated with patients over the age of 40 having a pregnancy rate of 14.3%, and for those 41 years old and 42 and older having pregnancy rates of 7% and 6% respectively. The live birth rate also mirrored this trend with the youngest age group having a live birth rate of 38.9% and the eldest group of individuals aged 42-50 years having a live birth rate of 3.4%. While increasing FSH levels were associated with reduced numbers of oocytes retrieved and transferred during the IVF procedures, there was no statistically significant reduction in pregnancy rate or live birth rate in those with elevated basal FSH levels. Conclusion: The data analysis revealed that increasing age in this population does correlate with decreasing successful outcomes in IVF. At ages 36 and 40 years, there are significant reductions in pregnancy rate. At ages 38 and 40, there are significant reductions in live birth rate. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in pregnancy rate or live birth rate based on basal FSH level.
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Jäger, Eliézer. "Srovnání polymerních nanoléčiv odpovídajících a neodpovídajících na vnější podněty pro biomedicinální aplikace." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-350097.
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The thesis outlines possible medical applications of soft matter assemblies as nanotechnology based systems as well as their potential in the emerging field of nanomedicine. Nanomedicine can be defined as the investigation area encompassing the design of diagnostics and therapeutics at the nanoscale, including nanobots, nanobiosensors, nanoparticles and other nanodevices, for the remediation, prevention and diagnosis of a variety of illnesses. The ultimate goal of nanomedicine is to improve patient quality-of-life. Because nanomedicine includes the rational design of an enormous number of nanotechnology-based products focused on miscellaneous diseases, a variety of nanomaterials can be employed. Therefore, the thesis is driven by a focus on recent advances in the manufacture of soft matter-based nanomedicines specifically designed to improve cancer diagnostics and chemotherapy efficacy. It will in particular highlight liposomes, polymer-drug conjugates, drug- loaded block copolymer micelles and biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles, emphasizing the current investigations and potential novel approaches towards overcoming the remaining challenges in the field as well as a brief overview of formulations that are in clinical trials and marketed products. Based on vehicle-related and...
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Lopes, Carla Filipa Neves. "Caracterização do Comportamento de Vigas de Vidro Estrutural Sujeitas a Solicitação Térmica." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/98903.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Civil, Mecânica Estrutural, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.Nos últimos anos tem-se verificado um aumento significativo da utilização do vidro na arquitetura. Este aumento deve-se não só às suas extraordinárias vantagens estéticas e arquitetónicas, ao seu potencial em termos de eficiência energética, como também aos diversos avanços tecnológicos, que têm permitido a utilização deste material, com um aproveitamento cada vez mais eficaz, das suas propriedades resistentes. De entre os referidos avanços tecnológicos destaca-se o tratamento térmico e a técnica de laminação. Esta última consiste em unir dois ou mais painéis de vidro por intermédio de uma película intercalar adesiva. A película de laminação mais recente e com melhor comportamento estrutural é o SentryGlas®. No entanto, dadas as propriedades viscoelásticas da referida película, o seu comportamento é significativamente afetado pela temperatura. A gama de temperaturas onde se verifica redução da sua capacidade resistente corresponde a valores facilmente atingíveis em zonas de clima temperado, numa posição não ventilada de uma fachada de um edifício corrente. Apesar da importância deste facto, até à data, ainda não existe formulação de dimensionamento ou disposições regulamentares para ter em conta este efeito explicitamente no cálculo de elementos de vidro estrutural. Por esta razão é necessário estudar não só a influência da temperatura no comportamento deste tipo de elementos, como também investigar métodos de reforço, que minimizem este efeito penalizador. Exemplo de tal é a introdução de sistemas de pré-esforço. A presente dissertação enquadra-se nesta problemática, pretendendo avaliar e caracterizar o comportamento de vigas de vidro estrutural, laminadas com SentryGlas®, quando sujeitas a ações térmicas. A caracterização é feita à custa de ensaios experimentais, à escala real, com e sem sistema de pré-esforço, em esquema de flexão em quatro pontos. As temperaturas estudadas foram 50ºC e 80ºC, para além da temperatura ambiente que serviu de referência. Deste modo foi possível avaliar não só o efeito da temperatura, como quais as vantagens da introdução de um sistema de pré-esforço neste tipo de elementos estruturais. As conclusões foram estabelecidas com base na comparação dos resultados obtidos experimentalmente, onde se comprovou a eficácia do sistema de pré-esforço e o dano devido à ação térmica, em particular na fase pós-rotura. O trabalho efetuado encontra-se no âmbito do projeto S-Glass: Desempenho Estrutural e Regras de Projeto de Vigas de Vidro Reforçadas Externamente; PTDC/ECM/116609/2010; relativamente às tarefas realizadas na Universidade de Coimbra
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the use of glass in contemporary architecture. This is due not only to its extraordinary architectural and aesthetic advantages, its potential in terms of energy, as well as due to several technological developments that allowed the use of glass as a load bearing material. Among those technological advances stands out the heat treatment and the lamination technique. The latter consists of two or more glass panes that are bonded by means of an interlayer. One of the latest developed interlayer material that features a better mechanical behaviour is the SentryGlas®. Although since the interlayer is a viscoelastic material its characteristics are significantly affected by temperature. The referred downgrading due to temperature is noticeable at relatively low temperatures easily attainable due to light exposure, in temperate climate, and on an unventilated position of a façade on an ordinary building. In spite of that, the effect of temperature on the laminated compound is not yet fully characterized and there are no code guidelines concerning this aspect. For this reason further studies on the effect of temperature are needed as well as the investigation of reinforcement techniques for structural glass elements that may minimize the negative effects of the temperature on the interlayer. Example of such is pre stressed solution. The present study addresses those topics on an experimental approach, considering full-scale beams with SentryGlas®, with and without pre-stressed system, on an upright position, at a four point bending layout, and subjected to different temperatures. The temperatures considered were 50ºC, 80ºC and room temperature as reference. The thermal load was applied by mean of a thermal chamber especially built and optimized for this purpose. It was thus possible to evaluate not only temperature effects but also the advantages of a pre-stress system, in particular in the post-breakage regime. Conclusions are based on a comparison established between experimental results, which proved the effectiveness of the pre-stressed system and the damage due to thermal load, in particular in post-breakage regime. The research is within the framework of the research project S -Glass: Performance and Structural Beam Draft Rules of Glass Reinforced Externally; PTDC/ECM/116609/2010; concerning the tasks carried out at the University of Coimbra.
Books on the topic "In vitro pre-clinic test"
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Alam, Saima, and Christopher Corrigan. Allergy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199657742.003.0001.
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Allergic disorders are on the increase. This chapter covers a range of common allergic problems encountered in patients with severe asthma which may contribute to symptomatology and exacerbations, including genetic and environmental factors, affecting the airways, and the diagnosis and management of atopic asthma in association with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis. The account elucidates the basic principles behind simple investigations, such as skin prick testing and in vitro allergen-specific IgE assays, as well as relatively novel tests, including component resolved diagnosis. Also covered are recent advances in managing patients with seasonal and perennial rhinosinusitis, with an explanation of the indications, and the protocols available for desensitization to pollens, house dust mites, and animal dander. Overall, this chapter should provide the reader with adequate knowledge to deal with day-to-day management dilemmas in a specialist asthma clinic.
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Gilchrist, Francis J., and Alex Horsley. Management of respiratory exacerbations. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198702948.003.0005.
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Cystic fibrosis lung disease is characterized by chronic infection, inflammation and a progressive loss of lung function. Patients are also affected by recurrent episodes of increased respiratory symptoms, called exacerbations which have a detrimental effect on quality of life, the rate of lung function decline, and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment is vital. Diagnosis relies on a combination of symptoms, examination findings, the results of laboratory tests, and lung function. Antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment but airway clearance, nutrition, and glucose homeostasis must also be optimized. Mild exacerbations are usually treated with oral antibiotics and more severe exacerbations with intravenous antibiotics. The choice of antibiotic is guided by the patient’s chronic pulmonary infections, the in-vitro antibiotic sensitivities, known antibiotic allergies, and the previous response to treatment. In patients with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, antibiotic monotherapy is thought to increase the risk of resistance and treatment with 2 antibiotics is therefore suggested (usually a β-lactam and an aminoglycoside). Although there is a lack of evidence on the duration of treatment, most patients receive around 14 days. This can be altered according to the time taken for symptoms and lung function to return to pre-exacerbation levels. If patients are carefully selected and receive appropriate monitoring, home intravenous antibiotics can be as effective as in-patient treatment. They are also associated with decreased disruption to patients / family life, decreased risk of cross infection and decreased costs.
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Ingles, Jodie, Charlotte Burns, and Laura Yeates. Genetic counselling. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0145.
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Cardiac genetic counselling is an emerging but important subspecialty. The qualifications of cardiac genetic counsellors depend on the country of practice, but at a minimum they are Master’s-level trained health professionals with expertise in genetics, and are integral members of the multidisciplinary inherited cardiovascular disease clinic. Though the framework is diverse in different countries, key roles include investigation and confirmation of family history details, discussion of inheritance risks and facilitation of cardiac genetic testing, communication with at-risk relatives, and increasingly, curation of genetic test results. The use of next-generation sequencing technologies has seen a recent shift in the uptake of genetic testing, due to greater availability and lowered costs. As these gene tests become more comprehensive, including large panels of genes and even whole exome or whole genome sequencing, the need for cardiac genetic counsellors to provide informed consent, appropriate pre- and post-test genetic counselling, and ongoing curation of the variants identified is evident. Finally, given the improved understanding of the psychological implications of living with a cardiovascular genetic disease, cardiac genetic counsellors are integral in delivering psychosocial care and identifying patients requiring intervention with a clinical psychologist.
Book chapters on the topic "In vitro pre-clinic test"
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Wu, Yuanli, and Ganjun Yi. "Pre-Screening of Banana Genotypes for Fusarium Wilt Resistance by Using an In Vitro Bioassay." In Efficient Screening Techniques to Identify Mutants with TR4 Resistance in Banana, 33–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64915-2_3.
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AbstractIn the process of breeding and selection of banana for resistance to Fusarium wilt, it is important to conduct an efficient resistance screening test by artificial inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) Tropical Race 4. So far, there are two types of early bioassays for screening Musa genotypes against Foc: a greenhouse and an in vitro bioassay. The most commonly used greenhouse bioassay is a pot-based system followed by a hydroponic system. Here we describe an in vitro bioassay characterized by in vitro inoculation of rooted banana plantlets grown on medium consisting of half-strength MS macronutrients and MS micronutrients. The disease response and evaluation results obtained through this in vitro bioassay correlates with that from a greenhouse screen and/or field evaluation. Given the importance of in vitro cell and tissue culture techniques for banana (mutation) breeding, promising resistant clones could be screened directly. This in vitro bioassay is a totally contained system compared with greenhouse methods and does not require an acclimatization step, thereby improving banana breeding efficiency. The in vitro pre-screening protocol and bioassay for Fusarium wilt resistance presented here is fast, space-effective, and accurate.
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Southee, J. A., R. D. Curren, H. Spielmann, M. Liebsch, J. H. Fentem, and M. Balls. "A strategy for the implementation of pre-validation in in vitro-test developement." In Ersatz- und Ergänzungsmethoden zu Tierversuchen, 289. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7500-2_68.
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Hau, Kwan-Leong, Amelia Lane, Rosellina Guarascio, and Michael E. Cheetham. "Eye on a Dish Models to Evaluate Splicing Modulation." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 245–55. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2010-6_16.
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AbstractInherited retinal dystrophies, such as Leber congenital amaurosis, Stargardt disease, and retinitis pigmentosa, are characterized by photoreceptor dysfunction and death and currently have few treatment options. Recent technological advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and differentiation methods mean that human photoreceptors can now be studied in vitro. For example, retinal organoids provide a platform to study the development of the human retina and mechanisms of diseases in the dish, as well as being a potential source for cell transplantation. Here, we describe differentiation protocols for 3D cultures that produce retinal organoids containing photoreceptors with rudimentary outer segments. These protocols can be used as a model to understand retinal disease mechanisms and test potential therapies, including antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) to alter gene expression or RNA processing. This “retina in a dish” model is well suited for use with AONs, as the organoids recapitulate patient mutations in the correct genomic and cellular context, to test potential efficacy and examine off-target effects on the translational path to the clinic.
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Newman, Andrew. "Analysis of pre-mRNA splicing in yeast." In RNA Processing, 179–95. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199633449.003.0006.
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Abstract Many simple but powerful techniques have been developed to investigate gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a number of these have been employed in the analysis of RNA splicing. Test substrates can be transcribed from expression cassettes introduced into yeast by transformation or transplacement, and splicing can be monitored by RNA analysis or assay of a suitable reporter gene product. Gene disruption and inducible expression systems have been invaluable for investigating the roles of components of the splicing machinery in yeast. Many of the genes for yeast splicing factors have recently been isolated by molecular cloning, which is facilitated by the compact nature of the Saccharomyces genome and the fact that these genes are present as single copies. Splicing of yeast mRNA precursors can also be studied in vitro, since for Saccharomyces a simple method has been developed for making cell-free extracts capable of splicing synthetic pre-mRNA substrates. Such studies have shown that the splicing pathway in yeast is very similar to that of higher eukaryotes and that there is considerable conservation of structure and function between splicing factors in yeast and mammalian cells. However, yeast is an extremely valuable system for the detailed analysis of splicing since it allows some approaches which are not possible with mammalian cells, particularly the genetic selection and isolation of splicing mutants.
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Volcheck, Gerald W. "Allergic Diseases." In Mayo Clinic Internal Medicine Board Review, 3–14. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190464868.003.0001.
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Standard allergy testing relies on identifying the immunoglobulin (Ig) E antibody specific for the allergen in question. Two classic methods of doing this are the immediate wheal-and-flare skin prick tests (in which a small amount of antigen is introduced into the skin and the site is evaluated after 15 minutes for the presence of an immediate wheal-and-flare reaction) and in vitro (blood) testing. Methods of allergy testing that do not have a clear scientific basis include cytotoxic testing, provocation-neutralization testing or treatment, and “yeast allergy” testing.
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Patrick, Graham L. "Getting the drug to market." In An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198866664.003.00019.
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This chapter looks at the various issues that need to be tackled before a promising-looking drug candidate reaches the clinic and goes into full-scale production. It discusses toxicity tests that are carried out in vitro and in vivo on drug candidates to assess acute and chronic toxicity. It also examines drug metabolism studies which are carried out on animals and humans to identify drug metabolites, noting how a drug candidate is labelled with an isotope to aid the detection of metabolites. The chapter explores pharmacology tests whcih are carried out to determine a drug's mechanism of action and to determine whether it acts at targets other than the intended ones. The chapter reviews formulation studies that aim to develop a preparation of the drug that can be administered during clinical trials and beyond.
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Yeates, Laura, Charlotte Burns, and Jodie Ingles. "Genetic counselling." In ESC CardioMed, 662–65. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0145_update_001.
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Cardiac genetic counselling is an important subspecialty. The qualifications of cardiac genetic counsellors depend on the country of practice, but at a minimum they are Master’s-level trained health professionals with expertise in genetics, and are integral members of the multidisciplinary inherited cardiovascular disease clinic. Though the framework is diverse in different countries, key roles include investigation and confirmation of family history details, discussion of inheritance risks and facilitation of cardiac genetic testing, communication with at-risk relatives, and increasingly, curation of genetic test results. The increasing use of next-generation sequencing technologies has seen a shift in the uptake of genetic testing, due to greater availability and lowered costs. As these gene tests become more comprehensive, including large panels of genes and increasingly whole exome or whole genome sequencing, the need for cardiac genetic counsellors to provide informed consent, appropriate pre- and post-test genetic counselling, and ongoing curation of the variants identified is evident. Finally, given the improved understanding of the psychological implications of living with a cardiovascular genetic disease, cardiac genetic counsellors are integral in delivering psychosocial care and identifying patients requiring intervention with a clinical psychologist.
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Fausto, Ilma Rodrigues de Souza, Maicon Gonzaga da Silva, Fabiana Rodrigues Leta, Sérgio Crespo Coelho da Silva Pinto, and Ruth Maria Mariani Braz. "SafeClean Prototype for Sterilizing Personal Protective Equipment." In Cases on Lean Thinking Applications in Unconventional Systems, 220–31. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5185-4.ch013.
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The world is suffering from a new coronavirus-type pathogen, namely COVID-19. Health professionals are obliged to protect themselves with personal protective equipment (PPE); however, we encountered some problems: most of this equipment is not self-cleaning. How do you protect professionals from contaminated personal protective equipment? How do you dispose of used personal protective equipment? For the construction of this equipment, the authors used the methodology of define, measure, analyze, improve, and control (DMAIC). The developed prototype was applied in a primary care sector clinic, where the pre-test (swab sampling procedure) was performed to identify cross-contamination of the environment. The cost of the prototype developed was low in relation to existing market options. The tests carried out allowed the authors to observe its effectiveness in the sterilization of equipment. However, new, more complex tests are still needed to better validate the prototype and to study its economic viability as a product.
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Ibrahim Abdel-Latif Megahed, Fatma, Salwa Abbas Ali Hassan, Hassan Ali Abdelwahid, and Hanaa Kassem Farg. "Effect of Lifestyle Modification on Glycemic Control of Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Suez Canal University Hospitals." In Psychology and Patho-physiological Outcomes of Eating [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97738.
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Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, as one of the major universal public health disorders wide spread, requires patients’ lifestyle modulation which would be conducive in dominating blood glucose. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of lifestyle modification on glycemic control of type 2 diabetic patients at Suez Canal University Hospitals at Ismailia city. A quasi-experimental design made up of a control group and a study group with pre- and post-test administration was applied. This study was carried out at the Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic and the Diabetic Outpatient Clinic of Suez Canal University Hospitals at Ismailia city in Egypt. 92 type 2 diabetic patients were included in this study. The Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire; Health promoting lifestyle profile II Scale; and Physical assessment sheet were used for data collection in the two groups. After implementing of the program, those patients who received lifestyle modification intervention achieved better total score of knowledge & knowledge related practice about DM, health promoting lifestyle domains values and glycated hemoglobin, compared with the control group. Factors related to lower glycated hemoglobin in the present study were lower fasting blood sugar level and increasing physical activity. Overall, lifestyle modification program has a positive influence on blood glucose control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is recommended to that lifestyle modification interventions should be integral part of the curative management of type 2 diabetic patients, and further study in other places to investigate the effect of lifestyle modification on glycemic control of those patients.
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Reis, Hugo Diniz, Thallita Rodrigues Bezerra, Rosana Fabrício Gonçalves, Cecília Conopca Lievore, Bruna Teixeira Vidal, Manuela Bandeira da Silva Filha, Fabiana Cândida de Queiroz Santos Anjos, Pedro Faria de Bessa, and Nelita Gonçalves Faria de Bessa. "Clinical utility of essential oils in women's health for phytotherapeutic treatment of candidiasis: a systematic review with emphasis on the potential of copaiba oil (Copaifera sp) from Brazilian biodiversity and technological perspectives applied to biom." In COLLECTION OF INTERNATIONAL TOPICS IN HEALTH SCIENCE- V1. Seven Editora, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/colleinternhealthscienv1-054.
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The clinical application of essential oils has been prospected in recent years from the results of experimental laboratory tests, including the verification of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory action. Brazil is one of the largest producers of essential oils and has in its megabiodiversity an alternative of institutional, social, environmental and economic development, considering the necessary and current perspective of strengthening the sustainability agenda. In Brazil, vulvovaginal candidiasis is the second most frequent type of vulvovaginitis that affects women's health, and is caused by the fungus Candida albicans. This is an organism from the resident microbiota of some organs and that, in excess, causes an uncomfortable clinical picture, capable of drastically affecting the patient's daily life, which makes its effective treatment of utmost importance. As essential oils (EOs) from medicinal plants have shown potential efficacy and reduced side effects, their use as a possible herbal medicine for clinical purposes against candidiasis should be explored. The aim of this study was to elucidate scientific evidence on the use of EOs from plant species, with emphasis on Copaiba oil from Brazilian biodiversity, and its antimicrobial activity against Candida. It is expected to have subsidies regarding safety and efficacy for clinical trials in patients with vaginosis, since there are currently gaps in knowledge about these indicators. In this systematic review study, electronic searches of articles in the CAPES, Pubmed, SciELO and LILACS databases were carried out, using as inclusion criteria in vitro (anti-culture) and in vivo studies (clinical and/or pre-clinical trials) that addressed the use of EOs, their phytochemical constituents and comparative Azo Groups as fungistatic drugs, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of the EO, Cytotoxicity tests and effects of the EO against fungal infections in animals. EOs were found to be effective as a treatment, especially in strains resistant to the usual drugs, and no adverse reactions, toxicity or changes in formation were identified in in vitro tests performed on pregnant and non-pregnant mice. The copaiba oil (Copaifera sp), present in the rich biodiversity of the Brazilian flora, presents satisfactory antimicrobial action against C. albicans and with absence and/or low toxicity in certain conditions, being a relevant indicator for clinical tests. Other essential oils native to Brazil and/or originating from exotic useful plants present phytotherapeutic potentials. It is necessary and urgent the advance in learning and adopting digital technologies, especially in research involving epidemiological and/or clinical data, in order to substantiate the decision making in terms of public health policies. As perspectives of microbiological assays and clinical tests with essential oils, as in the case of this study, there are still gaps in the development of studies carried out, where the use of digital technology is certainly an increasingly urgent need due to the relevance of agility in research protocols, methodological procedures and analysis of their results. Universities, either through undergraduate or graduate courses, as in areas of knowledge such as biological and health sciences, either medicine, pharmacy or even information technology and engineering, such as biomedical engineering, among others, urgently need to strengthen the area of digital technology and innovation in the teaching-learning process and knowledge practices. The research funding agencies, whether public or private, need to give special attention to the technological era for research, laying a more dynamic foundation for decision making and the implementation of sectoral public policies.
Conference papers on the topic "In vitro pre-clinic test"
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Lichtenfels, Martina, Camila Alves Silva, Caroline Brunetto Farias, Alessandra Borba Anton Souza, and Antônio Luiz Frasson. "TIN VITRO BREAST CANCER CHEMORESISTANCE TEST." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1058.
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Introduction: Tumor resistance is the main cause of treatment failure leading to cancer progression and is classified into intrinsic and acquired resistance. Intrinsic resistance is related to a preexisting condition and acquired resistance is induced by a drug. Some methods are already available worldwide to assess drug resistance, however, in Brazil no in vitro chemoresistance test for cancer is validated for clinic use. Objectives: The aim of our study was to validate the in vitro chemoresistance test Chemobiogram for the drugs used in breast cancer (BC) treatment. An incomplete response to neoadjuvant treatment was used to validate the results at a short-term follow-up and treatment after primary BC will be used to validate the test in a long-term follow-up. Methods: Patients with invasive breast cancer were included in this initial report. Fresh tumor samples were collected during surgery and subsequently dissociated to obtain tumor cells. The tumor cells were cultured in a 96 well plate with the several drugs used for BC treatment, including cytotoxic, hormonal, antiHER2, and target therapies, and after 72 hours, cell viability was evaluated. The test result is defined based on cell viability as low (60%) resistance. The test result is compared to the patient`s response to the treatment. Results: To validate the dissociation and BC primary culture techniques we collected samples from six patients with in situ and invasive tumors. These samples were not tested in Chemobiogram. Samples from five BC patients undergoing neoadjuvant treatment and from three patients with primary BC were tested in the Chemobiogram. Of the five patients who underwent neoadjuvant treatment, two performed hormone therapy and three underwent chemotherapy. Four patients presented incomplete response to the treatment and one patient who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy presented disease progression during treatment. The chemoresistance test was able to demonstrate medium to high resistance for the drugs used in the neoadjuvant treatments (acquired resistance). The three patients with primary BC were diagnosed with Luminal tumors-HER2 negative. In the chemoresistance test all samples presented medium to high resistance to anti-HER2 drugs (intrinsic resistance) and low to medium resistance to cytotoxic drugs. These patients will be followed in the long term to compare patient outcomes with the test results. Conclusions: The primary culture of breast tumors was efficiently established and the preliminary result of the chemoresistance test was in accordance with the outcomes from five patients who underwent neoadjuvant treatment. This preliminary finding showed the capacity of the Chemobriogram to demonstrate drug resistance in accordance with the clinic and highlighted the importance of the in vitro chemoresistance test to avoid the use of inefficient drugs, improving and personalizing breast cancer treatment.
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Irzaman, R. P. Jenie, Y. Suryana, S. Prambudi, T. Widayanti, D. Mariesta, I. Rahayu, et al. "Pre-clinical test for non-invasive (in vitro) blood glucose levels measuring at visible light wavelengths." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND SCHOOL ON PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOSYSTEM (ICSPMB): Physics Contribution in Medicine and Biomedical Applications. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0048161.
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Yuniaristanto, Roni Zakaria, Arinda Soraya Putri, and Wahyudi Sutopo. "Pre-test market models for clinic management application." In 2015 Joint International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology and Industrial, Mechanical, Electrical and Chemical Engineering (ICEVT & IMECE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icevtimece.2015.7496702.
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Chayen, D., S. D. Blair, C. N. McCollum, and R. M. Greenhalgh. "PREDICTION OF POST-OPERATIVE DVT BY SALINE DILUTION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644202.
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Clinically, it is difficult to predict deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but the in vitro saline dilution test using the Thrombo-elastograph (TEG) is reported to identify the risk for individual patients [1]. The Biobridge Impedance Clotting Time (ICT) is more sensitive and reproducible than the TEG [2], and we therefore studied 33 patients undergoing elective laparotomy to see if pre-operative saline dilution tests using both the TEG and ICT predicted post-operative DVTs. Post-operatively, both legs were scanned daily for 7 days using 125I Fibrinogen to detect DVTs.The mean age of the patients was 65.7±2.4 years and 17 had malignant disease. In this clinically high risk group, 24 developed a DVT.Fifty-one percent were predicted correctly by TEG. The ICT was significantly better as a predictor with 79% of all patients correctly predicted (p<0.01).The saline dilution test using the ICT is a significant improvement on the TEG, and may enable us to tailor DVT prophylaxis policy to each patient’s specific requirements.Heather BP, Jennings SA, Greenhalgh RM. The saline dilution test - a preoperative predictor of DVT. Br J Surg 1980; 67: 63-65Blair SD, Menashi S, Samson D, Greenhalgh RM. Can the hypercoagulability of surgery be measured? Br J Surg 1986; 73: 500.
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Maynard, Jacqueline A., Ahmad S. Arabiyat, Anna Elefante, Lucas Shearer, Eoin King, and Andrea Kwaczala. "Using Acoustic Waves to Modulate Stem Cell Growth and Differentiation." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71341.
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During spaceflight, the loss of mechanical loads due to microgravity leads to rapid bone loss, where bone deteriorates at a rate of 1–2% per month, where some astronauts can lose as much as 20% of their skeletal mass in a single expedition [NASA, 2001]. In order to prevent muscle and bone loss, long-term space flight exercise regimes are strictly implemented [Shackleford, 2004]. Current research has demonstrated that mechanical vibrations can help to maintain or improve bone mass [Chan, 2013] and reduce adiposity [Chen, 2015, Sen, 2011] when signals are applied at the appropriate frequency and amplitude. We have developed an acoustic sound chamber that can apply sound waves to stem cells grown in vitro. Characterization of the culture conditions inside the vibration chamber showed considerable variance across the culture plates where an applied acceleration of 0.6g varied at different spots in a 12-well tissue culture plate from as low as 0.47g to 0.78g. We believe the variance is caused by differences in the rigidity of the culture plates that makes the waves transmit inconsistently through the plastic. We hypothesized acoustic waves would induce osteogenic differentiation when applied to stem cells. We utilized pre-osteoblastic stem cells (MC3T3-E1-Subclone 4) to observe the effects of acoustic waves when applied at 0.3g and 0.6g, compared to non-vibrated controls. Cells were vibrated for 30 minutes a day for either 6 days (n = 24/group) or 12 days (n = 12/group). Cellular changes were characterized by assessing well-by-well cell number by a manual cell count and mineral content by Alizarin Red S staining. Differences between groups were determined using One-Way ANOVA with a post hoc test: Student’s t-test. To assess the effects of the variance across the culture plates, correlative analysis was conducted for well-by-well variation using Regression Analysis. Acoustically vibrated wells had 10x more cells after 6 days and showed more mineralization than non-vibrated wells at both 6 and 12 days. Acoustic waves have the ability to increase cell proliferation and can drive stem cell differentiation towards an osteoblastic lineage, this could lead to therapies that prevent bone loss during spaceflight.
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Shi, Huiyu, Katherine Vorvolakos, Maureen Dreher, Donna Walsh, and Nandini Duraiswamy. "In Vitro Evaluation of Coating Performance of Guidewire Surrogates." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3516.
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Vascular guidewires are commonly used during interventional surgery to help introduce and position intravascular catheters at the treatment site. Nitinol (NiTi) and stainless steel are the most commonly used alloys in guidewires and a thin layer of polymer coating is usually applied on the guidewire surface to reduce friction within the lumen of blood vessels. Hydrophobic (e.g. PTFE) or hydrophilic (e.g., hyaluronic acid (HA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), etc.) coatings may be used for this purpose, but coating separation/flaking has been reported from intravascular medical devices [1]. Coating fragments may cause serious adverse events in patients, including pulmonary embolism and infarction, myocardial embolism, necrosis, and death. Hydrophilic polymer emboli in patients has also been reported [2][3][4]. By 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) required device manufacturers to phase out the use of the surfactant, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a potential carcinogen during polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating manufacturing [5]. Such changes in manufacturing processes need to be evaluated for their effects on coating performance. Of special concern is flaking of coatings, a multifactorial phenomenon that may be related to changes in device design, manufacturing, pre-conditioning, storage, and/or clinical use. There is no comprehensive standard for assessment of coating performance on guidewires. The objective of this study was to evaluate hydrophilic coating integrity and durability during in vitro soaking and bending stress tests.
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Han, Bumsoo, Matthew D. Egberg, Pung-Pung Haung, David J. Swanlund, and John C. Bischof. "Cryoinjury Enhancement of Breast Cancer Cells by Use of a Molecular Adjuvant (TNF-alpha)." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61593.
Full textAbstract:
Cryoinjury of human breast cancer cells (MCF7) in engineered tissue equivalents and the enhancement of the cryoinjury by use of a molecular adjuvant (tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α) was studied. Tissue equivalents (TEs) were constructed by seeding MCF7 cells in collagen solutions at the concentration of 100,000 cells/ml. After cultured in vitro for 2 days, the TEs were exposed with 100ng/ml TNF-α and cultured for 24 hours, and then underwent a single freeze-thaw cycle by a cryosurgery simulator. With the concentration and duration of TNF-α treatment studied, no apoptotic or necrotic cell death was observed by the administration of TNF-α only. After a freeze/thaw, MCF7 cells within the frozen region of the TEs were significantly injured immediately (i.e. ≤ 20% survival), but gradually repopulated and reached approximately 80% survival in Day3 without TNF-α pre-treatment. MCF7 with TNF-α pre-treatment showed the slight enhancement of immediate injury in the frozen region (i.e. ≤ 10% survival), and the repopulation was significantly inhibited so the viability remained below 40% even in Day 3. These results imply that TNF-α can be a potent adjuvant for cryosurgery.
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Western, Laura T., Kuldeepsinh Rana, and Michael R. King. "Flow-Based Isolation and Neutralization of Circulating Tumor Cells." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82137.
Full textAbstract:
Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have the potential to be used clinically as a diagnostic tool and a treatment tool in the field of oncology. As a diagnostic tool, CTC may be used to indicate the presence of a tumor before the tumor is large enough to cause noticeable symptoms. As a treatment tool, CTC isolated from patients may be used to test the efficacy of chemotherapy options to personalize patient treatment. One way for tumors to spread is through metastasis via the circulatory system. CTC are able to exploit the natural leukocyte recruitment process that is initially mediated by rolling on transient selectin bonds. Our capture devices take advantage of this naturally occurring recruitment step to isolate CTC from whole blood by flowing samples through selectin and antibody-coated microtubes. Whole blood was spiked with a known concentration of labeled cancer cells and then perfused through pre-coated microtubes. Microtubes were then rinsed to remove unbound cells and the number of labeled cells captured on the lumen was assessed. CTC were successfully captured from whole blood at a clinically relevant level on the order of 10 cells per mL. Combination tubes with selectin and antibody coated surface exhibited higher capture rate than tubes coated with selectin alone or antibody alone. Additionally, CTC capture was demonstrated with the KG1a hematopoietic cell line and the Du145 epithelial cell line. Thus, the in vivo process of selectin-mediated CTC recruitment to distant vessel walls can be used in vitro to target CTC to a tube lumen. The microtube device can also be used to capture CTC of hematopoietic and epithelial tumor origin and is demonstrated sensitivity down to the order of 10 CTC per mL. In a related study aimed at reducing the blood borne metastatic cancer load, we have shown that cells captured to a surface can be neutralized by a receptor-mediated biochemical signal (Rana et al. 2008). In the proposed method we have shown that using a combined selecting and TRAIL (TNF Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand or Apo 2L) functionalized surface we are able to kill about 30% of the captured cells in a short duration of 1 hour whereas it took about 4 hours to kill the same proportion of cells without flow on a similarly functionalized. Here we have taken the approach a step further by showing that with very small doses of chemotherapeutic agents like Bortezomib, we can increase the kill rate of CTCs., thus allowing the device to function in senarios where the patient is undergoing treatment. We show here with leukemic cells that are treated with Bortezomib that we are able kill about 41% of the captured cells.
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Rahayu, Esty Puji, and Lailatul Khusnul Rizki. "Effect of Affirmation Flashcards on Level of Anxiety in Second Stage of Labor at Midwifery Clinic, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.49.
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ABSTRACT Background: The Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017 reported a high maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia. Safe and effective management of the second stage of labor presents a clinical challenge for laboring women and practitioners of obstetric care. This study aimed to examine effect of affirmation flashcards on level of anxiety in second stage of labor at midwifery clinic, East Java. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experiment with pre and post-test design was conducted at Mei Kurniawati, Amd.Keb midwifery clinic, Surabaya from July to September 2020. A sample of 30 pregnant women who planned to give birth normally at Mei Kurniawati, Amd.Keb midwifery clinic was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was anxiety in second stage of labor. The independent was flashcard affirmation treatment. The data were analyzed by Paired T test. Results: Effect of Flashcard Affirmation treatment on anxiety, control variable (Mean=-3.70; SD= 1.48; p< 0.001) was higher than treatment variable (Mean= -2.15; SD= 1.44; p< 0.001). Effect of flashcard affirmation on the duration of second stage of labor, control variable was higher (Mean= -8.88; SD= 3.81; p< 0.001) than treatment variable (Mean=-1.02; SD= 1.17; p< 0.001). Conclusion: Maintaining the mother’s psychological condition can be done by giving positive affirmations to the mother, besides that the support of husband and family is also an important point, for that research that may be carried out to develop this research is the role of husband support in the smooth delivery of labor. Keywords: flashcard affirmation, second stage of labor, anxiety Correspondence: Esty Puji Rahayu. Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya. Jl. SMEA no.57, Surabaya. Email: esty@unusa.ac.id Mobile: 085755196600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.49
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Aggarwal, A., V. S. Aguilar, C. H. Lee, G. Ferrari, J. H. Gorman, R. C. Gorman, and M. S. Sacks. "Spline Based Microstructural Mapping for Soft Biological Tissues: Application to Aortic Valves." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14265.
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Splines are the standard tools in computer aided design for geometric representations and have been recently integrated into the finite element analysis of structures and fluids [1]. As the biomedical engineering is making progress, there is a need for an integrated tool for expanding the geometrical representation to include the microstructural details specific to soft tissue, e.g. fiber alignment, orientation, crimp and stiffness. In this work, a spline-based method is presented for aortic valves which facilitates mapping of the fiber structure from any aortic valve specimen to any other aortic valve geometry through a common parameter space. This techniques also has the ability to calculate mean tissue microstructure of representative population. Also strain and pre-strain from in-vivo state to the in-vitro state, where all the mechanical tests are done, are calculated for forward and inverse modeling of aortic valves.
Reports on the topic "In vitro pre-clinic test"
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HIV and partner violence: Implications for HIV voluntary counseling and testing. Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2001.1006.
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An important component of HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) programs is encouraging clients to inform partners of their serostatus, yet many clients do not do so. Studies have found that a serious barrier to disclosure for women is fear of a violent reaction by male partners and that HIV-infected women are at increased risk for partner violence. Building on previous research, this study explored the links between HIV infection, serostatus disclosure, and partner violence among women attending the Muhimbili Health Information Center (MHIC), a VCT clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. As noted in this summary, the study first collected qualitative data from women, men, and couples (n=67) who were MHIC clients. In the second phase, researchers enrolled 340 women after pre-test counseling and prior to collection of test results, and 245 women were interviewed three months after enrollment and testing. Nearly a third of the sample were HIV-positive, almost half were married, and 50 percent were between the ages of 18 and 29 and had less than seven years of education. The study followed WHO ethical and safety protocols for conducting research on violence against women.