Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Bruckner, Michael. "Biofluid Mechanics Of Embryo Transfer." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10159.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of the hydrodynamic behavior of an embryo during the transfer process following the in vitro fertilization. Worldwide, one in six couples experiences infertility problems. Today, 5 millions babies are born from an in-vitro fertilization since the first one in 1978. In 2009, 1.5 millions Assisted Reproductive Technology cycles have been started, resulting in 350 000 births. The total number of cycles per year is constantly increasing (from 5 to 10 %), and the number of ART cycles is believed to reach 4 millions per year in 2020. Although the fertilization step is now fairly mastered with a 80% success rate, the final stage consisting in the embryo transfer into the uterine cavity remains a critical step, since only 25% of the cycles lead to a live birth. Even though every cycle is expensive, no specific, optimized and operator-independent protocol has been developed yet. In this thesis, we first demonstrate the interest and the feasibility of a bio-engineering approach. Indeed, although the issue of the transfer depends on numerous chemical and physiological factors, this crucial step can also be studied from a fluid mechanical point of view. This step can be divided in several sub-steps : introduction of the catheter in the intra-uterine cavity, injection of the medium fluid containing one or several embryos, and the withdrawal of the catheter. One can identify several important parameters such as fluids viscosity, injections speeds, catheter withdrawal speed, catheter loading scheme and the geometries of the uterine cavity and the catheter. In a second part, we focus on the fluid ow patterns inside the uterine cavity during the injection. The influence of the system parameters is studied thanks to a computational solving of the Navier-Stokes equations in an idealized three-dimensional uterine cavity. A study of the potential trajectories of the embryos is also conducted and confronted against the location of optimal implantation zones but also risky zones. As the outcome of these computations, we are able to propose recommendations for physicians practicing embryo transfers. In the last part of the thesis, we discuss numerical methods for the fluid{structure interaction study of embryo transfer. The embryo is indeed submitted to potentially destructive stress constraints at injection time that we are not capable of defining precisely at the scale of the uterine cavity. With the aim of developing a mechanical model for the blastocyst to determine system parameters minimizing the constraints, we present the implementation of two Eulerian numerical methods. The first one is a fluid-structure level set method in a finite volume code benefiting from an automatic mesh refinement feature. The second one addresses a phase field method based on a Discontinuous Galerkin finite element formalism
Bolling, Laura Clayton. "The Effect of Growth Hormone on Pig Embryo Development in Vitro and an Evaluation of Sperm-Mediated Gene Transfer in the Pig." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35823.
Full textMaster of Science
Inzunza, José. "New micromanipulative techniques in reproductive biology /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-568-9/.
Full textHollinshead, Fiona Kate. "FLOW-CYTOMETRIC SORTING OF RAM SPERMATOZOA: PRODUCTION OF LAMBS OF A PRE-DETERMINED SEX USING IN VIVO AND IN VITRO FERTILISATION." University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/566.
Full textGaggiotti-Marre, Sofia. "Impact of serum progesterone on reproductive outcomes in frozen embryo transfer cycles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672553.
Full textA pesar de que el origen de su nombre no es del todo claro, a mí me gusta pensar que la etimología de la hormona progesterona deriva de que es la hormona pro gestare, es decir, que favorece la gestación. Sabemos que esta hormona se secreta en grandes cantidades después de la ovulación y, dado el caso, durante la gestación. A su vez, es la responsable de preparar el endometrio (parte interna del útero) para recibir un embrión y lograr así un embarazo. Cuando realizamos un tratamiento de reproducción asistida, en concreto una fecundación in vitro, y no conseguimos una gestación en el primer intento o por una causa médica, en muchas ocasiones tenemos embriones congelados que podemos usar para un nuevo intento o en caso de desear otro hijo/a. En estas ocasiones, hay que decidir cómo se prepara el endometrio para recibir el embrión y conseguir la gestación. La importancia y necesidad de la progesterona en la preparación del endometrio es incuestionable. Aun así, en un primer estudio hemos encontrado que las mujeres con valores en sangre de progesterona inferiores a 10.6ng/mL el día antes de la transferencia de un embrión, presentaban más abortos (26.6% vs 9.5%) y menos nacidos vivos (47.5% vs 62.3%) respecto a aquellas con valores más elevados (Gaggiotti-Marre, 2019). Esta tendencia se mantenía tanto cuando preparábamos el endometrio con tratamiento médico hormonal como cuando seguíamos el ciclo natural de la paciente. Es decir, tanto si la progesterona la dábamos nosotros (administración vaginal cada 8 horas) como si la fabrica la mujer de forma natural (Gaggiotti-Marre, 2020). Y esto, por qué puede pasar? Descubrimos que ciertos factores eran determinantes de los valores de progesterona en sangre: edad, peso, un ciclo previo de tratamiento ya con valores bajos de progesterona, y el tiempo transcurrido desde la última administración del tratamiento (González-Foruria, 2020), con la cual cosa estos factores pueden ayudar a prever qué pacientes tiene un mayor riesgo de tener unos niveles bajos de progesterona y unos peores resultados reproductivos. Nos queda entonces encontrar una solución a este hallazgo que hace que las parejas tengan más abortos y menos nacidos vivos. Diseñamos un estudio prospectivo por el cual las mujeres con valores bajos de progesterona el día antes de transferir un embrión recibían una dosis diaria de progesterona con formulación subcutánea de reciente aparición en el mercado. De las 453 pacientes incluidas en el estudio, un 37.7% presentaban valores bajos de progesterona. De las que recibieron el tratamiento adicional, el 98.2% llegaron a valores óptimos, obteniendo los mismos resultados reproductivos (nacidos vivos y abortos) que aquellas pacientes que inicialmente ya presentaban unos valores elevados (Álvarez, 2021). En conclusión, la detección de valores de progesterona en sangre inferiores a 10.6ng/mL el día antes de la transferencia de embriones congelados se relaciones con menores tasas de nacidos vivos y más abortos, pero es un hallazgos corregible si se detecta con tiempo. Esto nos permite ofrecer un tratamiento individualizado y así continual el camino hacia una medicina personalizada y no un tratamiento ‘one size fits all’.
Although its origin is not clear, I like to think that the etymology of the hormone progesterone comes from it being the hormone pro gestare, which favors the gestation. We know that this hormone is secreted in great quantities after ovulation, and specially in case of a pregnancy. Also, it is responsible for preparing the endometrium (inner lining of the uterus) to receive an embryo and accomplish a viable pregnancy. When we perform an assisted reproduction treatment, specifically an in vitro fertilization and we don’t achieve a pregnancy on the first trial, or for other medical reasons, we may have frozen embryos that we can transfer. In these cases, we need to decide how to prepare the endometrium to receive these embryos and achieve a pregnancy. The importance and need of progesterone for the endometrial preparation is unquestionable. Even though, on a first publication we found that women with serum progesterone levels below 10.6ng/mL the day prior to embryo transfer, presented higher miscarriage rates (26.6% vs 9.5%) and lower live birth rates (47.5% vs 62.3%) compared to those with higher values (Gaggiotti-Marre, 2019). This tendency was maintained both with medical preparation of the endometrium and without any treatment (natural cycle) (Gaggiotti-Marre, 2020). Y why does this happen? We found that certain factors were determinant of the serum progesterone levels: age, weight, a previous cycle with low serum progesterone, and the time from the last administered dose of progesterone (González-Foruria, 2020). This indicates that these factors can help detect those patients at a higher risk for low serum progesterone levels and detrimental reproductive outcomes. We need then to find a solution for this finding that makes that couples have more miscarriages and fewer living children. We designed a prospective study in which women with low serum progesterone levels on the day prior to frozen embryo transfer received an additional daily dose of subcutaneous progesterone. Of the 453 women included in the study, 37.7% had low serum progesterone levels. From those who received an additional dosage, 98.2% reached optimal levels, with similar reproductive outcomes to those with original optimal levels. (Álvarez, 2021). In conclusion, the detection of low serum progesterone levels, below 10.6ng/mL the day prior to frozen embryo transfer, is related to lower live birth rates and higher miscarriage rates, but this finding is correctable when detected in time. This allows us to offer an individualized treatment and continue working towards a personalized medicine in stead of a ‘one size fits all’ approach.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Pediatria, Obstetrícia i Ginecologia
Skoog, Svanberg Agneta. "The Long and Winding Road : Emotional Reactions during In Vitro Fertilization and Attitudes towards Cryopreserved Embryos and Oocyte Donation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3733.
Full textJones, Christopher A. "Economic evaluation of alternative embryo transfer policies in in vitro fertilisation (IVF)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426399.
Full textSharma, Vinay. "Endocrine and non-endocrine factors affecting the outcome of assisted conception." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244126.
Full textWirtu, Gemechu G. "Xenogenous Intrafallopian Transfer of Horse (Equus caballus) Gametes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34626.
Full textMaster of Science
Rosado, Marcelo Milagres. "Uso de protocolo de sincronização de estro em receptoras mestiças inovuladas com embriões in vitro." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2010. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5123.
Full textAiming to study the effect of different estrus synchronization protocols on the pregnancy rate in Bos taurus indicus x Bos taurus taurus recipient cattles, transferred with in vitro produced embryos, this study used 1,933 recipients (3,649 treatments) divided into 6 groups. In the first group, recipients received 2.0 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) and 500 mg of cloprostenol, in addiction to an intravaginal device (1.9 g of progesterone) that remained for 8 days. Upon withdrawal of the intravaginal device each recipient received a single dose of 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate (EC), 500 mg of cloprostenol and 400 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). In the second group, recipients received the same treatment as the first group, but without the 500 mg dose of cloprostenol at the placement of the progesterone intravaginal device. In the third group, recipients received at the time of intravaginal progesterone device placement a single dose of 500 mg cloprostenol and 2.0 mg of EB, and the device remained for 9 days. Two days before the intravaginal device removal (day 7) females received a single dose of 500 mg cloprostenol, and at the time of device removal, received a single dose of 0.5 mg of EC and 400 IU of eCG. In the fourth group, the recipients received the same treatment as the third group, but without cloprostenol in the intravaginal progesterone device placement. In the fifth group, recipients received 2.0 mg of EB, and an intravaginal progesterone device that remained for 8 days. Upon withdrawal of the intravaginal device, each recipient received 0.5 mg of EC, 500 mg of cloprostenol and 300 IU of eCG. In the sixth group, recipie nts received 2.0 mg of EB and an intravaginal progesterone device for 9 days. Two days before the withdrawal, (day 7), received 500 mg of cloprostenol and at the time of device removal received 0.5 mg of EC and 300 IU of eCG. All recipients that had corpus luteum were transferred on average 10 days after implant removal, in other words, about 8 days after estrus, and evaluated by ultrasonography 58 days after embryo transfer to pregnancy diagnosis. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics analysis (means, standard deviations and frequency distribution) and qualitative data were arranged in contingency tables and analyzed by chi-square at 5% of probability. Fourth group showed the best recovery rates (84.9%). However, the number of treatments performed (n=86) in group 4 was reduced in comparison with other protocols. Recipients who received Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) 48 hours before device removal showed better recovery rates than others and protocol 4 females had better pregnancy rates. The recipients that were in estrus longer than 91 days before device placing had worse recovery rates than recipients in estrus earlier (p<0.05), although did not influence pregnancy rate (p>0.05) . Despite some recipients peculiarities who presented estrus less than 16 days, the interval form estrus day to device placement did not influence positively these assessments (p>0.05). The uterus classified as normal in protocol 4 showed the best percentages of recovering and pregnancy rates (p<0.05) compared to the values of other protocols. However, comparing all protocols, the uterus classified as flaccid showed better recovery responses and classification did not influence uterine pregnancy rate. As the ovarian activity, the presence of corpus luteum influenced recipients recovery rates (p<0.05), whereas the follicles presence only interfered with the pregnancy rate of protocol 4 animals (p<0.05). The number of uses of the device did not influence the recipients recovery pregnancy rates (p>0.05). The reproductive status and protocol number in the history did not affect the recipients recovery rate (p>0.05). However, recipients who did not received PGF2α before intravaginal device placing, had better results than those who received (p<0.05). The recipients which were transferred with expanded blastocyst had better pregnancy rates than they which were transferred with blastocyst (p<0.05). No differences were found in the cow and heifer categories in recipient donor estrus synchrony in relation to pregnancy rate (p>0.05). No influence of the time trial on the pregnancy rate (p>0.05). The protocols which employed PGF2α 48 hours before the withdrawal had better recipients recovery rates than the protocols that applications were made on intravaginal device removal (p<0.05). Protocol 4 recipients had higher pregnancy rates, although it was a group of low numbers of animals. The used protocols interfered with the recipients recovery rate, and the applications of PGF2α 48 hours before intravaginal device removal, resulted in improved estrus synchronization responses, so the answer was more pronounced when females were cyclical in occasion of the beginning of synchronization; intervals from the last estrus to intravaginal device placement over 90 days (anestrus) influence negatively the responses to estrus and ovulation synchronization protocols. However, the classes of interval from estrus to intravaginal device placement (CLAPROT), the covariates showed no marked effect on the recipients recovery response; The female categories (cows and heifers) did not influence the responses to estrus synchronization treatments, although heifers in the pre-puberty are less responsive to PGF2α application in the beginning of the protocol. Regardless of the females category, the presence of the corpus luteum and flaccid uterine tone at the time of intravaginal device placement proved to be positively related to the recipients recovery response; Reusing intravaginal device has no influence on the recovery and pregnancy rates in embryo recipients; Females with histories of prior use of synchronization protocols with the use of PGF2α become less responsive to new synchronization protocols, while not presenting the same behavior with respect to protocols with progesterone associated with PGF2α.
Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito de diferentes protocolos de sincronização de estro (Uso de cloprostenol no momento da colocação do implante intravaginal e sua permanência por período de oito e nove dias) sobre a taxa de prenhez em receptoras bovinas Bos taurus indicus x Bos taurus taurus, inovuladas com embriões de PIV, o presente estudo utilizou 1933 receptoras (3.649 tratamentos) divididas em 6 protocolos. No protocolo 1, as receptoras receberam 2,0 mg de Benzoato de estradiol (BE) e 500 μg de cloprostenol, e um dispositivo intravaginal (1,9 g de Progesterona) que permaneceu por 8 dias. No momento da retirada do dispositivo intravaginal cada receptora recebeu uma dose única de 0,5 mg de Cipionato de estradiol (CE), 500 μg de Cloprostenol e 400 UI de gonadotrofina coriônica eqüina (eCG). No protocolo 2, as receptoras receberam o mesmo tratamento que o primeiro grupo, porém sem a dose de 500 μg de Cloprostenol na colocação do dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona. No protocolo 3, as receptoras receberam no momento da colocação do dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona uma dose única de 500 μg de Cloprostenol e 2,0 mg de BE, sendo que o dispositivo permaneceu por 9 dias. Dois dias antes da retirada do dispositivo intravaginal (dia 7) as fêmeas receberam uma dose única de 500 μg de Cloprostenol, e no momento da retirada do implante, receberam uma dose única de 0,5 mg de CE e 400 UI de eCG. No protocolo 4, as receptoras receberam o mesmo tratamento que o protocolo 3, porém sem Cloprostenol na colocação do dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona. No protocolo 5, as receptoras receberam 2,0 mg de Benzoato de estradiol, e um dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona por 9 dias. Dois dias antes da retirada, no dia 7, receberam 500 μg de Cloprostenol e no momento da retirada do implante 0,5mg de CE e 300 UI de eCG. No protocolo 6, as receptoras receberam 2,0 mg de BE, e um dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona que permaneceu por 8 dias. No momento da retirada do dispositivo intravaginal, cada receptora recebeu 0,5 mg de CE, 500 μg de Cloprostenol e 300 UI de eCG. Todas as receptoras que apresentaram corpo lúteo foram inovuladas em média 10 dias após a retirada do dispositivo, ou seja, por volta de 8 dias após estro; e avaliadas por meio de ultrassonografia aos 58 dias após inovulação para o diagnóstico de gestação. Os dados foram submetidos a análises estatísticas descritivas (distribuição de freqüência) e os dados qualitativos foram arranjados em tabelas de contingência e analisados pelo teste de qui-quadrado a 5 % de probabilidade de erro. As receptoras do quarto protocolo apresentaram as melhores (p<0,05) taxas de aproveitamento (84,9%). No entanto, o número de tratamentos realizados (n=86) para o protocolo 4 foi reduzido em relação aos demais protocolos, mais estudos tornam-se necessários para confirmar a eficácia desse protocolo. Receptoras que receberam PGF2α 48 horas antes da retirada do dispositivo apresentaram melhores índices de aproveitamento de receptoras (p<0,05) e as fêmeas do protocolo 4 apresentaram melhores índices de prenhez (p<0,05). As receptoras que apresentaram estro em período superior a 91 dias antes da colocação do dispositivo apresentaram piores taxas de aproveitamento que receptoras que apresentaram estro mais recente (p<0,05). Apesar de algumas particularidades das receptoras que apresentaram estro em período inferior a 16 dias, o intervalo dia do estro a colocação do implante não influenciou positivamente nessas avaliações (p>0,05). O útero classificado como normal no protocolo 4 foi o que apresentou melhores valores percentuais de taxa de aproveitamento e de prenhez em relação aos valores dos demais protocolos (p<0,05). Entretanto, comparando todos os protocolos, o útero classificado como flácido apresentou melhores respostas de aproveitamento de receptoras (p>0,05) e a classificação uterina não influenciou a taxa de prenhez (p>0,05). Quanto a atividade ovariana, a presença do CL influenciou na taxa de aproveitamento de receptoras (p<0,05), já a presença de folículos só interferiu na taxa de prenhez dos animais do protocolo 4 (p<0,05). O número de utilização do dispositivo não influenciou na taxa de aproveitamento de receptoras e na taxa de prenhez (p>0,05). O status reprodutivo e o número de protocolo no histórico não interferiram na taxa de aproveitamento de receptoras (p>0,05). No entanto, receptoras que não receberam PGF2α antes da colocação do dispositivo intravaginal, apresentaram melhores resultados que as receptoras que receberam PGF2α (p<0,05). As receptoras que foram inovuladas com blastocisto expandido apresentaram melhores taxas de prenhez do que as receptoras que foram inovuladas com blastocisto (p<0,05). Não houve diferença nas categorias vacas e novilhas na sincronia do estro receptora doadora, em relação à taxa de prenhez (P>0,05). Não houve influência da época experimental sobre a taxa de prenhez (p>0,05). Os protocolos que empregaram PGF2α 48 horas antes da retirada apresentaram melhores taxas de aproveitamento de receptoras do que os protocolos em que as aplicações foram feitas no momento da retirada do dispositivo intravaginal (p<0,05). As receptoras do protocolo 4 apresentaram melhores taxas de prenhez, embora tenha sido um grupo de baixo número de animais. Os protocolos utilizados interferiram na taxa de aproveitamento de receptoras, sendo que, as aplicações de PGF2α 48 horas antes da retirada do dispositivo intravaginal, resultaram em melhores respostas de sincronização de estro, sendo a resposta mais acentuada quando as fêmeas estavam cíclicas na ocasião do início das sincronizações; Os intervalos do ultimo estro à colocação do dispositivo intravaginal superiores a 90 dias (anestro) influenciam negativamente as respostas aos protocolos de sincronização de estro de ovulaç ão. No entanto, as classes de intervalo do estro à colocação do dispositivo intravaginal (CLAPROT), as co-variáveis estudadas não apresentaram efeito marcante sobre a resposta de aproveitamento de receptoras; As categorias de fêmeas (vacas e novilhas) não influenciam a respostas aos tratamentos de sincronização de estro (p>0,05), embora novilhas na fase pré-puberal são menos responsivas a aplicação de PGF2α no início do protocolo. Independente da categoria de fêmeas, a presença do corpo lúteo e tonicidade uterina flácida no momento da colocação do dispositivo intravaginal mostraram-se positivamente relacionado à resposta de aproveitamento de receptoras; A reutilização de dispositivo intr avaginal não apresenta influencia sobre a taxa de aproveitamento e prenhez em receptoras de embriões; Fêmeas com históricos prévios de uso de protocolos de sincronização com uso de PGF2α a apresentam-se menos responsíveis a novos protocolos de sincronização, embora não apresentam o mesmo comportamento com relação aos protocolos com progestagenos associado a PGF2α.
Pelkonen, S. (Sari). "Frozen embryo transfer:early pregnancy, perinatal outcomes, and health of singleton children." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526212531.
Full textTiivistelmä Koeputkihedelmöityshoidon (in vitro fertilization, IVF ja intracytoplasmic sperm injection, ICSI) tavoitteena on terve äiti ja terve lapsi. Monisikiöraskaus on hoidon komplikaatio, koska siihen liittyy selkeästi kohonnut riski äidille ja lapselle. Yhden alkion siirto, jäljelle jääneiden alkioiden pakastus ja myöhemmin tehtävä pakastetun alkion siirto (PAS) ovat lisänneet IVF/ICSI-hoitojen turvallisuutta ja tehokkuutta. Täten PAS:sta syntyneiden lasten määrä kasvaa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on lisätä PAS-hoitojen turvallisuutta tarkastelemalla veren steroidihormonien muutoksia alkuraskaudessa naisilta, jotka olivat tulleet raskaiksi IVF/ICSI-tuorealkion siirroista, luonnollisen kuukautiskierron aikana tehdystä PAS:sta ja luonnollisesti. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa verrattiin PAS- ja IVF/ICSI-tuorealkion siirrosta alkunsa saaneiden lasten terveyttä kolmeen ikävuoteen asti. Viiteryhmän muodostivat luonnollisesti alkunsa saaneet lapset. Kliinisessä prospektiivisessa tutkimuksessa havaittiin naisilla, joilla oli tuorealkion siirrosta alkanut raskaus (n=39), merkittävästi koholla olevat seerumin estradioli- ja progesteronipitoisuudet 7-8 raskausviikolle asti verrattuna naisiin, joilla raskaudet olivat alkaneet PAS:sta (n=30) tai luonnollisesti (n=41). Vastaavasti PAS-raskauksissa hormonipitoisuudet eivät eronneet merkittävästi luonnolliseen raskauteen verrattuna. Laajassa rekisteritutkimuksessa havaittiin PAS-lapsilla (n=1830) olevan pienempi riski ennenaikaisuuteen ja pienipainoisuuteen kuin tuorealkiolapsilla (n=2942). Kuitenkin PAS-lapsilla oli lisääntynyt riski syntyä isokokoisina raskausviikkoihin nähden. Synnynnäisten epämuodostumien ja eri sairauksien esiintyvyyksissä ei ollut eroja. Luonnollisesti alkunsa saaneisiin lapsiin (n= 31 243) verrattaessa, PAS-lapsilla oli vastasyntyneisyyskaudelta lähtien enemmän terveyteen liittyviä ongelmia. Tutkimus osoitti PAS-raskaudessa sikiön kehittyvän alkuviikkoina luonnollisemmassa ympäristössä kuin tuorealkion siirtoraskaudessa. Vaikka suurin osa PAS- ja tuorealkiolapsista oli terveitä, tuorealkiolapsilla oli vastasyntyneisyyskaudella enemmän ongelmia kuin PAS-lapsilla. Muita terveyseroja lasten välillä ei todettu. Tutkimus antaa lisänäyttöä PAS hoidon turvallisuudesta. Alkion pakastamisella voidaan välttää koeputkihedelmöityshoidon riskejä pyrkimällä mahdollisimman usein yhden alkion siirtoon
Veleva, Z. (Zdravka). "Factors affecting the outcome of IVF/ICSI." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2008. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514288838.
Full textLattes, Altamirano Karinna Andrea. "Resultados reproductivos en mujeres sometidas a ciclos de fecundación in vitro en fresco versus ciclos segmentados (freeze-all)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667762.
Full textIntroduction The promising reproductive results of frozen embryo transfers (FET) in in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) have been currently associated with a significant increase in the proportion of “freeze-all” cycles worldwide. Despite this, available evidence only supports its use in certain clinical scenarios (Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome prevention, evidence of endometrial pathology and need for preimplantation genetic screening or endometrial receptivity assays). However, no published trials have assessed if the maternal age is an independent factor to take into account when deciding to undergo a freeze-all strategy. On the other hand, once we’ve decided to perform an elective freezing of all the embryos, we come across other relevant clinical questions such as when is the best moment to perform the first FET. This thesis aims to provide an answer to these questions. Materials and methods This thesis includes two independent studies: 1. Comparison of reproductive results of the first embryo transfer in autologous fresh (1412 cycles) versus freeze-all cycles (470 cycles, stratifying patients into three age groups (under 35 years, between 35 and 38 years, and over 38 years). 2. Comparison of reproductive results of patients undergoing a “freeze-all” IVF cycle who have received their first FET during the first menstrual cycle after egg retrieval (263 cycles) versus those who received it in subsequent cycles (249 cycles). We performed a univariate (Chi-square) analysis of the results and a multivariate logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders. Results We observed no statistically significant differences in live birth rate in women older than 35 years of age, independently of the number of retrieved oocytes. The pregnancy loss rate was significantly lower in the 35-38 years group that underwent a freeze-all cycle. Our results showed no significant impact of timing of the first FET on live birth, clinical pregnancy or pregnancy loss rates in women undergoing a freeze-all strategy. Conclusions Women under 35 years of age would benefit from a freeze-all strategy to optimize their live birth rate. Women between 35 and 38 years of age would benefit from a freeze-all strategy to decrease their pregnancy loss rate. Time elapsed between egg retrieval and the first FET in women undergoing a freeze-all strategy has no impact on live birth, clinical pregnancy or pregnancy loss rates. This information allows clinicians to take patients’ preferences into account when deciding the best moment to perform the embryo transfer in this population of patients.
Joesbury, Karen Ann. "The impact of lifestyle factors on the clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilisation-embryo transfer (IVF) treatment." Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1070.
Full textJoesbury, Karen Ann. "The impact of lifestyle factors on the clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilisation-embryo transfer (IVF) treatment." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14401.
Full textFemale smoke years was negatively associated with rates of fertilisation (P<0.0001), and this effect was exacerbated by cigarette smoking at the time of treatment (P=0.0187). Of the male lifestyle factors, caffeine, alcohol and fruit and vegetable consumption and IVF stress affected fertilisation in vitro. Fertilisation increased with alcohol consumption (P<0.0001), and with fruit and vegetable consumption (P<0.0001). A significant interaction term between these two factors (P=0.0144) implied a threshold of benefit from the combined effect of the consumption of alcohol and fruit and vegetables. Caffeine consumption negated the beneficial effect of alcohol consumption, as shown by a significant interaction term between alcohol consumption and caffeine consumption (P=0.0007). Male stress from NF treatment had an adverse effect on rates of fertilisation in vitro (P<0.0001). Cigarette smoking by the male partner increased the likelihood of the female partner experiencing a <12 week pregnancy loss (P=0.0084). Conclusions: In meeting with its principal objective, this study has demonstrated that specific lifestyle factors impact on the clinical outcomes of IVF treatment. It confirms the findings from former studies, namely the adverse effect of female smoking on ovarian reserve, and daily stress on ovulation. Moreover, this study has identified numerous new and unexpected relationships. Of note, the positive effect of male alcohol consumption on fertilisation in vitro and the elevated risk of early pregnancy loss associated with male smoking. This study has paved the way for future research into the identification of specific mechanisms of effect, including those suggested.
Monteleone, Pedro Augusto Araujo. "Comparação entre uma transferência eletiva de dois embriões e duas transferências eletivas sequenciais de um embrião: impacto nas taxas de sucesso e de gestação múltipla." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-14122017-132701/.
Full textINTRODUCTION: It is known that Assisted Reproductive Techniques are associated with potential risks, mainly related to multiple pregnancies, which are around 20 to 25% due to ovarian stimulation associated with high number of embryos transferred. Multiple pregnancies lead to higher incidence of complications for mother and newborns, as well as a significant increase in the proportion of cesarean deliveries. This way, iatrogenic multiple pregnancies can be avoided by the elective single embryo transfer (eSET), a growing practice worldwide. Despite the several published studies, adequately applied eSET, which impact on the incidence of complications without compromising treatment success, is still a challenge. The aim of this study was to compare the cumulative success rates of elective transfer of two embryos when transferred one by one (eSET), versus the success rates of elective double embryos transfer (DET) in a single procedure, in a good prognosis population. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated 610 good prognosis infertile couples undergoing ART, split into two groups: SET group included those receiving elective single good quality embryo transfer and having at least one spared good quality embryo cryopreserved (SET group, n=237). For those who did not become pregnant, they could receive a second frozen-thawed elective embryo transfer; and DET group (n=373) who received elective transfer of two good quality embryos in the first transfer and had at least one spared good quality embryo cryopreserved. RESULTS: The accumulated clinical pregnancy outcomes after a transfer of two embryos were similar between groups (DET: 46.6% vs accumulated SET: 45.9%; p=0.898). On the other hand, the multiple pregnancy rate was significantly lower in the group receiving transfer of two embryos, one by one, compared to DET in a single procedure (DET: 32.2% vs accumulatedSET: 6.1%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The SET policy should be stimulated for good prognosis couples, as it maintain the accumulated clinical pregnancy rates, avoid multiples pregnancies and consequently the maternal and neonates complication and indirect costs of treatment when considering obstetrics spends are reduced
Moreno, Sepúlveda José Antonio. "Impacto de los tratamientos de reproducción asistida sobre los resultados maternos y perinatales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668205.
Full textIntroduction: In vitro fertilization (IVF) is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes and there is controversy about the causes. The publication of new studies on the subject justify the investigation of the safety of IVF. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the effects of assisted reproduction techniques on maternal and perinatal outcomes in patients undergoing autologous IVF (IVF AO) with fresh embryo transfer (ET) and frozen embryo transfer (FET); and IVF with oocyte donation (IVF OD). Methods: In order to achieve the main objective, this thesis has been divided into three chapters. Chapter 1: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the National Registry of Activity in Assisted Human Reproduction of Spain between 2010 to 2015, analyzing the gestational age at delivery and the preterm birth (PB) rate of two different populations: IVF AO and IVF OD. Chapter 2: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing maternal and perinatal outcomes of singleton pregnancies after IVF with fresh ET versus FET. Outcomes included PB, low birth weight (LBW), very low birth weight (VLBW), small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), macrosomia, preeclampsia (PE), severe PE, gestational diabetes (GD), placental abruption, placenta previa, postpartum hemorrhage and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Chapter 3: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing maternal and perinatal outcomes of singleton pregnancies obtained by IVF OD versus IVF AO. Outcomes included hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), PE, PES, pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), PB, early PB, LBW, VLBW, cesarean section, GD, PROM, placenta previa, placental abruption, and postpartum hemorrhage. Results: Chapter 1: 41022 IVF AO cases (28754 fresh ET and 12268 FET) were analyzed, with a higher proportion of PB in fresh ET group compared to FET group (P .01). In the IVF OD group, with a total of 19941 cases (12394 fresh ET and 7547 FET), no differences were observed between fresh ET and FET. Chapter 2: 35 studies were included in the analysis. FET was associated with a lower risk of PB (RR 0.89, 95%CI 0.82, 0.97), LBW (RR 0.73, 95%CI 0.69, 0.78), VLBW (RR 0.63, 95%CI 0.60, 0.66) and SGA (RR 0.63, 95%CI 0.60, 0.66); and a higher risk of LGA (RR 1.53; 95%CI 1.48, 1.58), macrosomía (RR 1.72; 95%CI 1.65, 1.78), PE (RR 1.20, 95%CI 1.06, 1.35) and severe PE (RR 1.96, 95%CI 1.33, 2.88). There were no statistically significant differences for the risk of GD and PROM. Chapter 3: 23 studies were included. IVF-OD is associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (OR 2.63, 2.17-3.18), preeclampsia (OR 2.64; 2.29-3.04), severe preeclampsia (OR 3.22; 2.30-4.49), pregnancy induced hypertension (OR 2.16; 1.79-2.62), preterm birth (OR 1.57; 1.33-1.86), low birth weight (OR 1.25, 1.20-1.30). There was no significant difference in the risk of preterm birth or low birth weight when adjusted for preeclampsia.. Conclusions: Pregnancies after IVF AO and FET have a lower risk of PB and LBW compared to IVF AO and fresh ET. Pregnancies after IVF AO and FET have a higher risk of PE compared with IVF AO and fresh ET. Pregnancies after IVF OD have a higher risk of PB, LBW and HDP and PE compared to IVF AO.
Bechtejew, Tatiana Nascimbem. "Clomifeno e letrozol para estimulação ovariana controlada em técnicas de reprodução assistida: revisão sistematizada e meta-análise." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-26042018-141448/.
Full textObjective: To assess the available evidence comparing effectiveness of ovarian stimulation (OS) using clomiphene citrate (CC) and/or letrozole (LTZ) for reducing FSH consumption compared with standard OS. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the reproductive outcomes following in vitro fertilization. We searched eleven electronic databases and hand-searched the reference list of included studies and related reviews. We stratified the results separating the studies depending on the oral agent (CC or LTZ) and on the characteristics of the included women (expected poor ovarian response or other women). When combining the results of included studies, we assessed the relative risk (RR) for live birth, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and cycle cancelation, Peto Odds Ratio (OR) for OHSS, and mean difference (MD) for the number of oocytes retrieved and FSH consumption. Results: A total of 22 studies were included in this review. Considering women with expected poor ovarian response, the available evidence suggests that using CC for reducing FSH consumption during OS provide similar live birth (RR=0.9, 95%CI=0.6-1.2, moderate quality evidence) and clinical pregnancy rates (RR=1.0, 95%CI=0.8-1.4, moderate quality evidence); the use of LTZ doesn\'t cause a relevant change on the number of oocytes retrieved (MD=-0.4, 95%CI= -0.9 to +0.1, high quality evidence). Considering the studies evaluating other women, the available evidence suggests that using CC for reducing FSH consumption during OS reduces the number of oocytes retrieved (MD=-4.6, 95%CI=-6.1 to -3.0, high quality evidence) and the risk of OHSS (Peto OR=0.2, 95%CI=0.1-0.3, moderate quality evidence), while results in similar live birth (RR=0.9, 95%CI=0.7-1.1, moderate quality evidence) and clinical pregnancy rates (RR=1.0, 95%CI=0.9-1.2, high quality evidence). The quality of the evidence was low or very low for the other outcomes. Conclusion: The use of CC for reducing FSH consumption in women with expected poor ovarian response has the advantage of providing similar reproductive outcomes with reduced costs. For the other women, the use of CC for reducing FSH consumption has the additional advantage of reducing OHSS, but also reduces the total number of oocytes retrieved. More studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of LTZ for the same purpose. Future studies should aim on cumulative pregnancy per oocyte retrieval, patient dissatisfaction and agreement to repeat the cycle if not pregnant; which are important outcomes for clinical decisions.
Vieira, Arnaldo Diniz. "Criopreservação de ovócitos imaturos e embriões bovinos produzidos in vitro." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8561.
Full textThe in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos has achieved an important development during the last two decades. In Brazil the large scale use of the follicular aspiration guided by ultrasonography has determined a significant improvement in the in vitro embryo production as a commercial tool. The difficulties to cryopreserve bovine oocytes and IVP embryos are at the moment the greatest barrier impairing the efficient application of this reproductive biotechnology which results in the disposal of large numbers of bovine IVP embryos. Considering these factors, this Thesis aimed to highlight new approaches to reduce embryo disposal and improve the pregnancies rates after the cryopreservation of bovine immature oocytes and IVP blastocysts. The first experiment (Chapter 1) was designed to observe the cryotolorance of embryos produced by two different IVP systems. The tested in-vitro systems did not show differences in the cryotolerance by in vitro production system. A second experiment (Chapter 2), was carried out to determine in vitro and in vivo embryo survival rates of IVP blastocysts cryopreserved using different vitrifications solutions. The results showed a significant vitrification solution effect on in vitro survival, however, when in vivo, the pregnancy rates were not different. This experiment also verified the feasibility of the direct transfer method for vitrified embryos. Finally, in a third experiment (Chapter 3) the viability of the vitrification of immature oocytes was determined using two cooling strategies. Differences among the treatments were not observed. However, calves born from the transfer of vitrified embryos, derived from vitrified immature oocytes, highlighted that the increase in cryopreservation efficiency of immature oocytes may be an important alternative to improve the IVP commercial application.
VELOSO, NETO Humberto Fernandes. "Efeito da flunixina meglumina, somatotropina recombinante bovina e sincronização de receptoras sobre a taxa de prenhez de embriões bovinos produzidos in vitro." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5676.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T15:07:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Humberto Fernandes Veloso Neto.pdf: 1107273 bytes, checksum: 67f2862b222caf4332afe8d16b522184 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22
The variability of successful transfers of embryos produced in vitro is still one of the obstacle to its expansion, where some of the problems are related to early embryonic mortality. The aim of this work was to evaluate the application of flunixin meglumine and recombinant bovine somatotropin and observe the effect of variables such as embryonic development, embryo synchrony with the recipient, corpus luteum size at the time of transfer and pregnancy rate. In the first experiment 55 recipient heifers were randomly in the three different groups: G1 control group (n=15 animals); G2 group receiving 500mg of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST)/animal/subcutaneous (n=20 animals) and G3 group receiving 500mg flunixin meglumine/animal/intramuscular (n=20 animals). Pregnancy rates for G1 53,33% (8/15), G2 60% (12/20), G3 55% (11/20) with no statistically significant difference between groups (P> 0,05). In experiment II 134 heifers were used as recipients of embryos produced in vitro. The pregnancy rate was evaluated according to the degree of development of the structure transferred embryo synchrony with the receiver, and corpus luteum size. Embryos (blastocyst, expanded blastocyst, ecloded blastocyst) showed better pregnancy rates than less development younger embryos (morula, early blastocyst), 57,14% and 25% respectively (P<0,05). Synchrony with the recipient embryo -1 (68,42%), 0 (88,88%), +1 (41,5%) for P<0,05 and size of the corpus luteum large 46,83% CL1, CL2 average 55,88%, 42,85% CL3 small (P> 0,05). In conclusion, under experiment conditions described, the application of flunixin meglumine, recombinant bovine somatotropin and was not efficient to increase the pregnancy rate, but it is note that the pregnancy rate varied in the degree of development of the embryo and the embryo synchrony with the recipient.
A variabilidade do sucesso das transferências de embriões produzidos in vitro ainda é um dos entraves para sua expansão, onde alguns dos problemas são relacionados à mortalidade embrionária precoce. O objetivo com estes trabalhos foi avaliar a aplicação da flunixina meglumina e da somatotropina recombinante bovina e observar o efeito de algumas variáveis como grau de desenvolvimento do embrião, sincronia do embrião com a receptora e classificação do corpo lúteo da receptora no momento da transferência sobre a taxa de prenhez. No experimento I foram utilizadas 55 novilhas receptoras de embrião agrupadas aleatoriamente: G1 grupo controle (n=15animais); G2 grupo que recebeu 500mg de somatotropina recombinante bovina/animal/por via subcutâneo (n=20 animais) e G3 grupo 500mg de flunixina meglumina/animal/via intramuscular (n=20 animais). As taxas de prenhez para os grupos foram G1 53,33% (8/15), G2 60% (12/20), G3 55% (11/20) não havendo diferença significativa entre os grupos (P>0,05). No experimento II foram utilizadas 134 novilhas como receptoras de embriões produzidos in vitro. A taxa de prenhez foi avaliada segundo grau de desenvolvimento da estrutura transferida, sincronia do embrião com a receptora e a classificação corpo lúteo. Embriões desenvolvidos (Blastocisto, Blastocisto expandido) apresentaram melhores índices de prenhez que embriões jovens (Mórula, Blastocisto inicial), 57,14% e 25% respectivamente (P<0,05). Sincronia do embrião com a receptora que apresentou melhores taxas de prenhez foram: sincronia 0 (88,88%) e sincronia - 1 (68,42 %) em relação a sincronia + 1 (41,5 % ) para P<0,05 e classificação do corpo lúteo não houve diferença com CL1 grande 46,83%, CL2 médio 55,88%, CL3 pequeno 42,85% (P>0,05). Nas condições deste experimento a aplicação da flunixina meglumina e da somatotropina recombinantes bovina não foi eficiente para aumentar a taxa de prenhez, porém deve-se atentar que a taxa de prenhez foi dependente do grau de desenvolvimento do embrião e sincronia da receptora com o embrião.
Ferreira, Roberta Machado [UNESP]. "Efeito da adição de antioxidante (Trolox®) ao meio de manutenção de embriões bovinos produzidos in vivo e ao meio de transporte de oócitos bovinos aspirados de ovários provenientes de abatedouro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98190.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Os objetivos do estudo foram: avaliar o efeito antioxidante do Trolox® 1) no meio de manutenção de embriões sobre as taxas de concepção (25 e 46 dias) e a perda gestacional de receptoras bovinas Holandesas repetidoras de serviço, em dois períodos (abril-junho/setembro-novembro) e 2) no meio de transporte de oócitos bovinos aspirados de ovários de abatedouro sobre as taxas de clivagem, blastocisto e eclosão in vitro. No Experimento 1, doadoras de embriões foram superovuladas e submetidas à lavagem uterina. Os embriões colhidos foram divididos em dois grupos, deixados em meio com ou sem antioxidante, por 2 a 6h. No Experimento 2, folículos foram aspirados e os complexos cumulus-oócito grau I e II foram divididos em quatro grupos: Controle 8h, Antioxidante 8h, Controle 20h e Antioxidante 20h. Então, foram mantidos em uma transportadora de oócitos (37ºC) por 8 ou 20 horas. Após a maturação, fecundação e cultivo in vitro, as taxas de clivagem (D3), blastocisto (D6, 7 e 9) e eclosão (D11) foram avaliadas. Alíquotas de 200 μL do meio de transporte foram retiradas em cada momento experimental (0, 8 e 20h) para realização dos testes de capacidade antioxidante total (CAT). No Experimento 1, não houve efeito de tratamento sobre as variáveis avaliadas. Foi verificado efeito de período experimental (P=0,001), categoria da doadora (P<0,05), qualidade embrionária (P=0,049) e intervalo Divisão dos Grupos-Inovulação (P<0,0001). No Experimento 2, não houve efeito de tratamento sobre as taxas analisadas. No entanto, houve redução das taxas de clivagem e blastocisto (D7 e 9) nos grupos 20 horas. Ainda, no D6 foram obtidas taxas de blastocisto semelhantes nos grupos Antioxidante 8 e 20h. A análise da CAT evidenciou que o Trolox® auxiliou o combate às ROS.
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effect of the addition of an antioxidant (Trolox®) 1) to a holding media for bovine in vivo produced embryos, on conception rates 25 and 46 days of pregnancy and pregnancy loss, in Holstein bovine recipients at 4th or more service, during two periods of the year (April-June/September-November) and 2) to a transport media for bovine oocytes aspirated from slaughter house ovaries, on in vitro cleavage, blastocyst and hatching rates. In Experiment 1, donor cows were superovulated and submitted to uterine flushings. The recovered embryos were divided into two groups, kept in holding media with or without antioxidant, for 2-6h. In Experiment 2, follicles were aspirated and cumulus-oocyte complexes grade I and II were divided into four groups: Control 8h, Antioxidant 8h, Control 20h and Antioxidant 20h. Oocytes were kept in a transportable machine (37ºC) for 8 or 20 hours. After in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture, cleavage (D3), blastocyst (D6, 7 and 9) and hatching rates (D11) were evaluated. Samples (200 μL) of the transport media were collected in each experimental moment (0, 8 e 20h) for total antioxidant capacity assay (TACA). In Experiment 1, no effect of treatment was observed. Effects of experimental period (P=0.001), donor category (P<0.05), embryo quality (P=0.049) and interval Group division-embryo transfer (P<0.0001) were detected. In Experiment 2, no effect of treatment was found on the analyzed rates. However, reduction on cleavage and blastocyst (D7 e 9) rates was detected on Groups 20h. Also, on D6 similar blastocyst rates were observed in Groups Antioxidant 8 and 20h. The analysis of TACA evidenced that Trolox® collaborated with the combat against the ROS.
García, Roselló Empar. "Análisis de diferentes factores que afectan al rendimiento de la inyección intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides (ICSI) en la especie porcina." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10850.
Full textICSI in pigs is a tool with an important applicable potential in diverse fields. One of this is the production of transgenic animals, and the conservation of endangered species. Even though there are some cases of living offspring, its output is still quite low comparing to other species, possibly due to unknown factors referring to ideal conditions for the development, and to the difficulty of the zygotes to reach the blastocyst stage in vitro. The goal of this study was to evaluate different factors affecting the ICSI performance. This was done by studying 1) the sequence of culture of the injected oocytes; 2) In vitro maturation (IVM) modifications, through meiotic inhibitors, such as roscovitine, and changes in IVM duration time, and finally 3) the exogenous oocyte activation through inositol triphosphate (InsP3) injection together with the sperm. The main objective of this study was to increase the final performance of ICSI in pigs.
Perin, Paulo Marcelo. "Efeitos da exposição pré-concepcional de curta duração ao material particulado ambiental sobre o mecanismo reprodutivo feminino." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-14102008-174217/.
Full textA thematic research project to evaluate the health effects of acute/chronic exposure to ambient air in a large urban center was developed at the Air Pollution Laboratory in the Department of Pathology at the University of São Paulo School of Medicine. Within this project a specific research line was committed to the study of the effects of this exposure on female reproductive health. Evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies implied environmental factors as possible contributors to human infertility and poor obstetric outcome. However, very few studies evaluating a possible effect of exposure to particulate air pollution on female reproductive health have been conducted so far. Thus, the aim of the projects in my research line was to provide data that could show the possible effects of short-term preconceptional exposure to diesel exhaust particles and particulate air pollution on ovarian function, early embryo development and pregnancy outcome using experimental and epidemiological models. The objective of the first project was to examine the effects of two commercial media on the development of mouse ova fertilized in vitro to the blastocyst stage. One-cell embryos obtained from eight-week old superovulated mice were cultured in vitro up to the blastocyst stage in potassium-enriched simplex optimized medium (KSOM) or G1/G2 media. The percentage of zygotes that developed to the blastocyst stage 96 and 120 hours after insemination and that partially or completely hatched by day five of culture was significantly higher in the KSOM group. The mean number of inner cell mass (ICM) cells was 11.7 ± 4.0 and 9.2 ± 5.2 for zygotes cultured in KSOM and G1/G2 groups respectively, revealing a significantly higher cell number in the ICM of blastocysts derived from culture in KSOM medium. I concluded that commercially available KSOM medium is superior to sequential G1/G2 media for culturing one-cell embryos up to the blastocyst stage in the mouse IVF model. In the second project the objective was to evaluate the effects of short-term exposure to diesel exhaust particles on fertilization, embryo development, and cell lineage segregation in preimplantation blastocysts using the mouse IVF model. Intranasal instillation of distilled water (control group), native diesel exhaust particles (N-DEP group) or acid-extracted diesel exhaust particles (AE-DEP) once a day, for three days starting on the first day of gonadotrophin administration was performed on eight-week old female mice. Reproductive endpoints evaluated included ovarian response to superovulation, fertilization rate, embryo development, blastocyst and hatching rates, total cell count, and proportion of cell allocation to ICM and trophectoderm (TE), and ICM morphology. Ovarian response was not affected by the exposure protocol. A multivariate effect for exposure to NDEP and AE-DEP on blastocyst differential staining and ICM morphology but not on IVF or embryo development was found. Cell counts in ICM and ICM/TE ratios in blastocysts produced in the control group were significantly higher than in blastocysts produced in N-DEP and AE-DEP groups. The total cell count was similar among groups. The score that represents ICM morphology was significantly higher in the control group when compared to that found in N-DEP and AE-DEP groups. Based on these results this study suggests that short-term exposure to DEP may negatively affect the reproductive process by disrupting the lineage specification at the blastocyst stage. Finally, exposure to environmental toxins may be unavoidable during the preconceptional period in large urban centers and its effects are unknown. Thus, the purpose of the third project was to assess the potential effects of short-term exposure to particulate air pollution during the follicular phase on clinical, laboratory, and pregnancy outcomes for couples undergoing IVF/ET. Three hundred forty-eight patients undergoing their first IVF/ET cycle were evaluated in this retrospective cohort-matched casecontrolled single-center study. Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) during the follicular phase for each patient was estimated based on air pollution data (1997-2006) categorized in Q1-3 ( 56.72 g/m3) and Q4 (>56.72 g/m3) periods. From this group 177 women who became pregnant (cases) were compared with 354 who had conceived spontaneously (controls). Main outcome measures included response to gonadotrophins, number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization, cleavage, embryo quality, implantation, pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth rates. No effects of follicular phase exposure to high levels of PM on clinical, laboratory, embryo transfer or treatment outcome were found in women undergoing IVF/ET. Women exposed to Q4 level PM during the follicular phase of the conception cycle had significantly higher risk of miscarriage, regardless of the method of conception (odds ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval: 1.63-4.07) when compared to women exposed to Q1-3 level PM. The risk of miscarriage increased 3% per unit increase in follicular phase PM average level (p=0.000). The results presented here provide evidence of a causal role for brief exposure to high levels of ambient PM during the preconceptional period in early pregnancy loss, regardless of the method of conception, with a 2.6-fold increase in risk of miscarriage. Despite the absence of effects of this exposure on clinical, laboratory, and treatment outcome, IVF/ET was unable to reduce this risk
Ferreira, Roberta Machado. "Efeito da adição de antioxidante (Trolox®) ao meio de manutenção de embriões bovinos produzidos in vivo e ao meio de transporte de oócitos bovinos aspirados de ovários provenientes de abatedouro /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98190.
Full textBanca: Antônio Cláudio Tedesco
Banca: Francisco Guilherme Leite
Resumo: Os objetivos do estudo foram: avaliar o efeito antioxidante do Trolox® 1) no meio de manutenção de embriões sobre as taxas de concepção (25 e 46 dias) e a perda gestacional de receptoras bovinas Holandesas repetidoras de serviço, em dois períodos (abril-junho/setembro-novembro) e 2) no meio de transporte de oócitos bovinos aspirados de ovários de abatedouro sobre as taxas de clivagem, blastocisto e eclosão in vitro. No Experimento 1, doadoras de embriões foram superovuladas e submetidas à lavagem uterina. Os embriões colhidos foram divididos em dois grupos, deixados em meio com ou sem antioxidante, por 2 a 6h. No Experimento 2, folículos foram aspirados e os complexos cumulus-oócito grau I e II foram divididos em quatro grupos: Controle 8h, Antioxidante 8h, Controle 20h e Antioxidante 20h. Então, foram mantidos em uma transportadora de oócitos (37ºC) por 8 ou 20 horas. Após a maturação, fecundação e cultivo in vitro, as taxas de clivagem (D3), blastocisto (D6, 7 e 9) e eclosão (D11) foram avaliadas. Alíquotas de 200 μL do meio de transporte foram retiradas em cada momento experimental (0, 8 e 20h) para realização dos testes de capacidade antioxidante total (CAT). No Experimento 1, não houve efeito de tratamento sobre as variáveis avaliadas. Foi verificado efeito de período experimental (P=0,001), categoria da doadora (P<0,05), qualidade embrionária (P=0,049) e intervalo Divisão dos Grupos-Inovulação (P<0,0001). No Experimento 2, não houve efeito de tratamento sobre as taxas analisadas. No entanto, houve redução das taxas de clivagem e blastocisto (D7 e 9) nos grupos 20 horas. Ainda, no D6 foram obtidas taxas de blastocisto semelhantes nos grupos Antioxidante 8 e 20h. A análise da CAT evidenciou que o Trolox® auxiliou o combate às ROS.
Abstract: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effect of the addition of an antioxidant (Trolox®) 1) to a holding media for bovine in vivo produced embryos, on conception rates 25 and 46 days of pregnancy and pregnancy loss, in Holstein bovine recipients at 4th or more service, during two periods of the year (April-June/September-November) and 2) to a transport media for bovine oocytes aspirated from slaughter house ovaries, on in vitro cleavage, blastocyst and hatching rates. In Experiment 1, donor cows were superovulated and submitted to uterine flushings. The recovered embryos were divided into two groups, kept in holding media with or without antioxidant, for 2-6h. In Experiment 2, follicles were aspirated and cumulus-oocyte complexes grade I and II were divided into four groups: Control 8h, Antioxidant 8h, Control 20h and Antioxidant 20h. Oocytes were kept in a transportable machine (37ºC) for 8 or 20 hours. After in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture, cleavage (D3), blastocyst (D6, 7 and 9) and hatching rates (D11) were evaluated. Samples (200 μL) of the transport media were collected in each experimental moment (0, 8 e 20h) for total antioxidant capacity assay (TACA). In Experiment 1, no effect of treatment was observed. Effects of experimental period (P=0.001), donor category (P<0.05), embryo quality (P=0.049) and interval Group division-embryo transfer (P<0.0001) were detected. In Experiment 2, no effect of treatment was found on the analyzed rates. However, reduction on cleavage and blastocyst (D7 e 9) rates was detected on Groups 20h. Also, on D6 similar blastocyst rates were observed in Groups Antioxidant 8 and 20h. The analysis of TACA evidenced that Trolox® collaborated with the combat against the ROS.
Mestre
Cavalcanti, Paulo Varoni. "Hibridização in situ em espermatozóides bovinos tratados com DNA exógeno: estudo experimental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-02022011-211958/.
Full textMost techniques used to produce transgenic animals are laborious and expensive. In this manner, sperm mediated gene transfer (SMGT) may be a viable alternative for long-scale production of transgenic animals. Many SMGT studies have focused the DNA internalization and number of DNA copies incorporated by spermatozoa. However, limited data is available about how foreign DNA molecules behave during fertilization and the direct effects of the SMGT technique on sperm cells. Hence, in order to monitor the existence of preferential integration sites by the exogenous DNA at the host genome, in situ hybridization was used to track the transgene conveyance during in vitro fertilization. In addition, acrosome and plasmatic membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential of sperm cells subjected to SMGT were assessed. Briefly, thawed semen from three different bulls was submitted to a 45- 90% Percoll gradient. Viable cells were incubated with recombinant PCX-EGFP vector (0, 250, 500 or 1000ng/106 sperm cells) or incubated and electroporated (300V, 35µF and 0.25ms). Treated sperm cells were then used for in vitro production of embryos. Embryos were in vitro cultured for 7 days until blastocyst stage. Treated spermatozoa and in vitro produced blastocysts were submitted to in situ hybridization assay, as described by Whyte et al. (2000). The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), acrosomal membrane (AM) and plasmatic membrane (PM) integrity were assessed by flow cytometry (Guava Technologies, Hayward, CA, USA) using JC1, FITC-PSA and PI probes (Molecular Probes), respectively. Data were analyzed by parametric ANOVA (LSD test) using SAS for Windows software, at a 5% level. The transgene was not observed at the bovine spermatozoa because the control probe could not be hybridized. In situ hybridization revealed that blastocysts produced from incubated sperm cells had a diffuse foreign DNA integration while blastocysts produced from electroporated sperm cells had a punctual DNA integration. No deleterious effects of exogenous DNA concentrations on PM or MMP were observed. However, the addition of 500ng of exogenous DNA caused sperm AM injury (P<0.05). Electroporation did not affect PM or AM integrity, but it had a great effect on MMP, which may cause a reduction of mitochondrial function. This study suggest that more efforts are needed to elucidate the behavior of exogenous DNA during fertilization and the effects of SMGT in bovine sperm cells.
Đorđe, Ilić. "Analiza problema višeplodnih trudnoća nastalih vantelesnom oplodnjom." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=90376&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textIntroduction: Multiple pregnancies occur in 1.5% of all pregnancies after spontaneous conception and in more than 20 % of all pregnancies concieved after assisted reproductive technologies in Europe, with large variations between countries. In our setting, the rate of multiple pregnancies after the ART is well above 30%. The occurrence of hypertensive syndrome in pregnancy, gestational diabetes, operative delivery, premature birth, low birth weight, neurological and developmental impairment in children, and almost all the other complications for the mother and fetus, as well as the entire burden of the health system are several times higher in multiple pregnancies compared with singleton pregnancies. Incidence of forementioned complications rises with number of fetuses. On the other hand, children from in vitro fertilization procedures make up 4.5% of all live births in some countries, which together with the fact that infertility affects aproximately 16-18% of couples in our country gives an extra dimension to this phenomenon and makes it not just medical but wider social problem. Perinatal outcomes of pregnancies after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are greatly compromised by the high rate of multiple pregnancies, which are now considered to be a complication rather than success of ART procedures. ART Singleton pregnancies have, in larger studies, show discretely lower perinatal outcomes compared with those conceived spontaneously, while for the multiple pregnancies, this correlation is not clearly expressed and documented. There remains dilemma whether multiplicity itself or the way of conception (ART vs. non ART) constitutes a major problem in the observed differences regarding perinatal outcome of ART pregnancies. Objective: To compare the perinatal outcomes of multiple pregnancies conceived by In vitro fertilization (IVF) and spontaneously and perinatal outcomes of IVF conceived singleton and multiple pregnancies. Additional aim of this thesis is to point out the complexity of this problem and offer possible solutions. Materials and Methods: Design of a study was a combination of retrospective and prospective observational longitudinal cohort study. Analysis included pregnancies which had delivery at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center of Vojvodina in the period from 1.01.2008. to 31.12.2010. The study analyzed and compared the perinatal outcomes in 174 spontaneous conceived multiple pregnancies, 163 multiple pregnancies resulting from IVF procedures, and 155 singleton pregnancies conceived by IVF procedure. Analyzed parameters were newborns birth weight, gestational age at delivery, the value of the Apgar score, occurrence of hypertensive syndrome in pregnancy, gestational diabetes, as well as numerous parameters of perinatal outcome. Taken by trained clinicians and were entered into a specially designed database, the results were statistically analyzed in JMP ver 9.0 software (SAS publisher) using ANOVA analysis to test the statistical significance between the mean values of continuous variables, while the statistical significance of the difference in frequency of categorical variables was assessed by Pearsons χ2 test. Results: ART singleton pregnancies had an average mothers age of 33.5 years, the average gestational age at birth of 38.26 gestational weeks (gw), preterm delivery rate of 12.9%, average birth weight 3258 g, Apgar score (AS) in the first minute 8.35, and in the fifth minute 9.2, cesarean section rate 65.81%, Gestational diabetes (GDM) in 7.1% pregnancies, anemia occurred in 41.94% of pregnancies, while preeclampsia was observed in 4.52% of all pregnancies. All relevant parameters of perinatal outcome were significantly (p<0.0001) superior to both ART and non-ART twin pregnancies. ART twin pregnancy showed the average mothers age of 32.9 years, the average gestational age at birth of 35.6 gw, the preterm delivery rate 58.27%, the average body weight newborns 2374 g, AS in the first minute of 7.45, and in the fifth minute of 8.65, the cesarean section rate of 83.7%, GDM in 15.11% of all pregnancies, anemia occurred in 78.42% and preeclampsia in 12.23% of pregnancies, while the non-ART twin pregnancy showed an average mothers age of 28.8 years, the average gestational age at birth of 36.08 gw, the preterm delivery rate of 49.71%, the average body weight of 2433 g, AS in the first minute of 7.75 in the fifth minute 8.75, the caesarian section rate of 58.33%, GDM-a occurred in 7.02%, anemia in 67.84% and preeclampsia in 11.11% of pregnancies. Except for maternal age and the caesarean section rate, which were significantly higher in ART twin pregnancies (p<0.0001), as well as small increase in proportion of amniotic fluid volume disorders (p = 0.033), almost all other parameters of perinatal outcome of were comparable in these groups. Discussion and Conclusion: The study showed that the course and outcome of multiple pregnancies conceived spontaneous and after IVF procedures are equivalent in almost all parameters with similar average body weight and gestational age at birth, and that all these parameters of multiple pregnancies regardless of the conception mode are equally worse compared with singleton pregnancies from IVF procedures. With the exception of multiplicity as a risk factor children from in vitro fertilization procedures are generally healthy. Multiplicity itself and not the mode of conception presented a problem, which is rightly considered the major complication of IVF today. Additional analysis of the experiences of other health system indicates that only a broad and comprehensive implementation of strategy to return only one embryo (SET–single embryo transfer) can lead to a reduction of the rate of multiple pregnancies after IVF procedures, and the accompanying complications, without compromising IVF success. The experience of other health systems indicate that a successful implementation of SET is only possible with the involvement of the whole society, along with a number of legislative measures in the field of monitoring, control and reimbursement of assisted reproduction procedures. The scope and funding of an IVF procedures (with more free attempts for infertile couples, reimbursed by public health) with mandatory use of SET, and good cryopreservation programs are, based on examples in other countries who had successfully dealt with his problem, is the key in reducing the problem of multiple pregnancies after IVF procedures.
Harvey, Alexandra Juanita. "Expression of hypoxia-inducible factors during bovine preimplantation embryo development /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh3410.pdf.
Full textMcCarrey, Sariah Cottrell. "Personhood and Cloning: Modern Applications and Ethics of Stem Cell and Cloning Technology." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4170.
Full textWhistler, James W. "ANALYSIS OF EMBRYO SCORING AND COMPARISON OF CLINIC PERFORMANCE IN IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1376.
Full textSpyropoulou, Isabella. "Studies of methods to improve human pre- and peri-implantation embryo development in vitro." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365394.
Full textAsghari, Roodsari Alaleh. "Noninvasive assessment of embryo quality in human in vitro fertilization : metabolomic profiling of embryo culture media with Raman spectroscopy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43273.
Full textKotze, Dirk Jacobus. "The evaluation of different embryo markers and their subsequent effect on embryo development, implantation and pregnancy outcome in an in-vitro fertilization program." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71831.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: CHAPTER 1 In this chapter the aim is to outline the different chapters under section A. Against this background, we will conduct a literature review of relevant studies performed, and evaluate their comments regarding identifying embryo markers which can be utilized to improve overall ART outcome. We will evaluate the embryo marker sHLA-G in detail, using a prospective randomized study as well as a retrospective multi-centre study. The role of the morphology and genetic profile of an oocyte, zygote and embryo and subsequent blastocyst formation will be evaluated with the help of WGA/CGH. The work will then be summarized and conclusions will be made as well as possible suggestions for future directions will be indicated. In section B the methodology of the studies explaining the role of the candidate is illustrated. CHAPTER 2 In this chapter the impact of the oocyte/zygote and the embryo on implantation/pregnancy rate was discussed. The morphologic characteristics of the oocyte, the cumulus–oocyte-complex (COC), the zona pellucida, the perivitelline space, cytoplasm and meiotic spindle and the polar body and its appearance were discussed in detail. The morphologic characteristics of embryo fragmentation and its effect on embryo development, ploidy and blastocyst formation were also studied. Embryo markers to predict pregnancy outcome were researched based on the international literature. The pronuclear morphology and early cleavage were highlighted as non-invasive embryo markers to predict outcome. A non-invasive biochemical marker, soluble Human Leucocyte-Antigen-G (sHLA-G), that is expressed by developing embryos was researched. The value of blastocyst transfer and the improved ongoing pregnancy rate compared to cleavage stage embryos were highlighted based on a recent meta-analysis. A detailed discussion on sHLA-G as well as Array-CGH and the future of these tests followed. CHAPTER 3 In this chapter the aim was to compare pregnancy and implantation rates when embryos are selected based on a single Day 3 (D 3) morphology score vs. a GES score plus sHLA-G expression. This was a prospective randomized study (n=214) undergoing fresh ICSI cycles. Embryos were selected for transfer based on either Day 3 morphology score (Group A) or GES-scoring plus sHLA-G expression (Group B). The following results were reported: Clinical [35/107 (33%) vs. 52/107 (49%)] and ongoing pregnancy [20/107 (19%) vs. 52/107 (49%)] rates were significantly different between Group A and Group B (p<0.05). Implantation rates were not significantly different between Group A [52/353 (15%)] and Group B [73/417 (18%)] (p<0.05). The number of pregnancies lost during the first trimester was nearly 12 times higher in Group A [25/52 (48%)]. It was concluded that the miscarriage rate was significantly lower in Group B than Group A and the pregnancy results were superior when embryos were selected based on GES plus sHLA-G expression. CHAPTER 4 Several studies have reported an association between the presence of soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) in human embryo culture supernatants (ES) with implantation and pregnancy outcome in vitro. However, the actual presence role during implantation and effect on implantation and pregnancy outcome are still controversial. A retrospective multi-centre study was performed on 2040 ICSI patients in six different centers. All embryos were individually cultured and a chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the presence of sHLA-G in culture medium surrounding embryos. In all centers, a positive sHLA-G result was associated with an increase in odds of multiple clinical implantations (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.05, p-value: 0.0170), and an increased odds of multiple on-going pregnancies (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.51, p-value: 0.0170). Data from this multi-centre study emphasize that sHLA-G expression is a valuable non-invasive embryo marker to assist in improving pregnancy outcome with the theoretical potential to reduce multiple pregnancies. A combination of sHLA-G expression and extended embryo culture to the blastocyst stage might provide future tools by which to select single embryos for transfer and reduce the risk of multiple gestational, without compromising their pregnancy rates. CHAPTER 5 In this chapter the ploidy status of first and second polar bodies and Day 3 blastomere, embryo morphology and biochemical (sHLA-G) characteristics were correlated with blastocyst development and subsequent pregnancy outcome. All oocytes/zygotes and embryos were individually cultured to the blastocyst stage. PB-I, PB-II and blastomeres underwent whole genome amplification (WGA) and comparative genome hybridization (CGH) and complete karyotyping. Each embryo‟s culture medium supernatant was collected and analyzed for sHLA-G expression on Day 2. The following results were reported: Fifty seven mature (MII) donor oocytes were obtained, 33/57 (57.9%) were aneuploid, 21/57 (36.8%) were euploid and 3/57 (5%) were “inconclusive”. No correlation was found between CGH status of PB-I, PB-II and the GES-score. Furthermore, no correlation was established between PB-I CGH results and blastocyst morphology grade. There was a significant correlation between PB-I CGH and blastomere CGH results. Euploid and aneuploid PB-I developed into 58% and 67% blastocysts, respectively. Kappa statistics (>0.7) revealed a positive correlation between the ploidy of PB-I, PB-II and the blastomeres. It was concluded that following ICSI and sequential genetic karyotyping of the oocyte/zygote and subsequent blastomeres, the majority of oocytes fertilized and subsequent zygotes developed into blastocysts, despite their ploidy status. We therefore conclude that blastocyst development is not associated with ploidy. CHAPTER 6 Identifying a developmentally competent embryo to transfer that has the highest probability to develop into a live baby has been an issue of debate and continues research. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the morphological, biochemical and genetic features of an embryo that has been shown to be predictive of implantation and pregnancy outcome in ART using most current evidence. A literature search was performed looking at the correlation between pronuclear morphology, early cleavage, cleavage stage embryos, blastocyst development, the presence of sHLA-G, CGH, embryo development and implantation/pregnancy rates in ART. Based on the available literature, a combination of observations could assist the scientist with embryo selection. The pronuclear stage morphology, the early embryo division, cleavage embryo stage and quality of the day 3 embryos provides limited guidance. However, choosing a blastocyst with a positive sHLA-G result on Day 5 is the optimal combination to make the final selection before embryo transfer or freezing. This non-invasive approach should improve pregnancy outcome and reduce multiple pregnancy rates. As far as the use of the more invasive technology such as aCGH is concerned, more research on pregnancy outcome is needed. CHAPTER 7 A combination of observations for embryo selection, starting with oocyte grading, pronuclear stage morphology, early zygote cleaving and cleavage-stage embryo morphology/quality on Day-3, however, ultimately using extended embryo culture and choosing a blastocyst on Day 5 with positive sHLA-G values available, will assist the scientist in making the final decision before selecting an embryo for transfer or cryopreservation. The use of aCGH (for chromosomal analysis) is invasive and is still considered experimental. Finally we conclude that despite all the above mentioned parameters to select an embryo for transfer that will develop into a live baby, more extensive research and international corroboration is needed in order to improve and standardize embryo selection criteria.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: HOOFSTUK 1 Die doel in hierdie hoofstuk is om die verskillende hoofstukke onder Afdeling A uiteen te sit. Daar word beplan om „n literatuur oorsig te doen van toepaslike studies rakend embriomerkers wat swangerskap-uitkoms in in vitro bevrugting kan verbeter. Verder sal die embriomerker sHLA-G deeglike bestudeer word met behulp van „n prospektiewe gerandomiseerde studie, asook „n retrospektiewe multisentrum studie. Die rol van embrio morfologie en die genetiese profiel van die ovum, sigoot asook die embrio en die daaropvolgende blastosist vorming sal geëvalueer word met behulp van WGA/CGH. Alle bevindings sal daarna opgesom word, gevolg deur „n sinvolle gevolgtrekking en laastens sal voorstelle gemaak word vir toekomstige navorsing op die gebied. In Afdeling B sal die metodiek van die studies verduidelik word, asook „n beskrywing gegee word van die kandidaat se rol gedurende die navorsings projekte in hierdie tesis. HOOFSTUK 2 In hierdie hoofstuk word die impak van die oösiet en die embrio op die inplanting/swangerskap-koers bespreek. Die morfologiese eienskappe van die oösiet, die kumulus-oösiet kompleks, die sona pellucida, die perivitelline spasie, sitoplasma en meiotiese spoel, die poolliggaam en die se voorkoms word breedvoerig bespreek. Die morfologiese eienskappe van die embrio, fragmentasie en die invloed daarvan op die embrio, ploïdie, en blastosistvorming word bespreek. Embriomerkers om swangerskapsuitkoms te voorspel, gebaseer op internasionale literatuur, is ook nagevors. Die pronukleêre morfologie en vroeë deling word as nie-indringende embriomerkers uitgelig om swangerskapsuitkoms te voorspel. „n Biochemiese, nie-indringende merker wat deur ontwikkelende embrios uitgedruk word, oplosbare menslike leukosiet antigeen-G (sHLA-G), word bespreek. Die waarde van blastosist oordrag en die verbeterde koers van voortgaande swangerskappe in vergelyking met verdelende embrios, is ook uitgelig, gebaseer op „n onlangse metanalise. „n Breedvoerige bespreking van sHLA-G asook “Array-CGH” en die toekoms van hierdie toetse word behandel. HOOFSTUK 3 Die doel van hierdie hoofstuk is om swangerskap en inplantingskoerse te vergelyk wanneer embrios geselekteer word op „n enkel Dag 3 (D 3) morfologie beoordeling, teenoor „n kumulatiewe GES-telling plus sHLA-G uitdrukking. Hierdie was „n prospektiewe ewekansige studie (n=214) waar pasiënte ICSI-siklusse ondergaan het. Embrios is geselekteer vir terugplasing gebaseer op óf Dag 3 morfologie telling (Groep A), óf „n kumulatiewe GES-telling plus sHLA-G uitdrukking (Groep B). Die volgende resultate is gerapporteer: kliniese swangerskappe [35/107 (33%) vs 52/107 (49%)] en voortgaande swangerskappe [20/107 (19%) vs. 52/107 (49%)] se sukses koerse is beduidend verskillend tussen Groep A en Groep B (p<0.05). Inplantingskoerse is nie beduidend verskillend tussen Groep A [52/353 (15%)] en Groep B [73/417 (18%)] (p<0.05) nie. Die aantal swangerskappe wat tot niet gegaan het tydens die eerste trimester was bykans 12 keer hoër in Groep A [25/52 (48%)]. Die slotsom was dat die miskraamsyfer beduidend laer in Groep B as in Groep A is en die swangerskap syfer betekenisvol beter was wanneer die selektering van embrios op GES plus sHLA-G gebaseer is. HOOFSTUK 4 Verskeie studies het „n assosiasie getoon tussen die teenwoordigheid van oplosbare menslike leukosiet antigeen-G (sHLA-G) in menslike embrio kultuur en swangerskaps uitkoms in vitro. „n Retrospektiewe studie is op 2040 ICSI pasiënte by 6 verskillende sentra gedoen om die effek van s-HLAG verder te bestudeer. Alle embrios is individueel gekweek om die teenwoordigheid van sHLA-G in „n kultuurmedium rondom die embrios te identifiseer. In alle sentra is „n positiewe sHLA-G uitslag met „n toename in die waarskynlikheid van veelvuldige inplantings geassosieer (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.07 tot 2.05, p-waarde: 0.0170), asook „n toename in waarskynlikheid van meervoudige swangerskappe wat voortduur (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.51, p-waarde: 0.0170). Data uit die multisentriese studie beklemtoon dat sHLA-G uitdrukking „n waardevolle nie-indringende embriomerker is om by te dra tot die verbetering van swangerskapsuitkoms, asook die teoretiese potensiaal om meervoudige swangerskappe te verminder. „n Kombinasie van sHLA-G uitdrukking en verlengde embrio kultuur tot die blastosist stadium mag moontlik „n toekomstige hulpmiddel wees waardeur enkele embrios vir terugplasing geselekteer kan word. Daardeur kan die risiko van meervoudige swangerskappe beperk word sonder om die swangerskapkoerse in gevaar te stel. HOOFSTUK 5 In dié hoofstuk word die ploïdie status van die eerste en tweede poolliggaampies en Dag 3 blastomere, embrio morfologie en biochemiese (sHLA-G) eienskappe gekorrelleer met blastosist ontwikkelling en uiteindelike swangerskapsuitkoms. Alle oösiete/sigote en embrios is individueel tot die blastosist stadium gevolg. PB-I, PB-II en blastomere het “volledige kariotipering ondergaan deur gebruik te maak van die toets “comparative genome hybridization (CGH)”. Elke embrio se kultuurmedium supernatant is versamel en ontleed vir sHLA-G uitdrukking op Dag 2. Die volgende uitslae is gerapporteer: Sewe-en-vyftig mature (MII) donor oösiete is verkry; 33/57 (57.9%) is aneuploïd, 21/57 (36.8%) is euploïd en 3/57 (5%) is onbeslis. Geen verwantskap is gevind tussen CGH status van PB-I, PB-II en die GES-telling. Geen verwantskap is gevind tussen CGH status van sHLA-G. Verder was daar geen verwantskap gevind tussen PB-I CGH uitslae en blastosist morfologie graad nie. Daar was „n beduidende korrelasie tussen PB-I CGH en blastomeer CGH uitslae. Euploïde en aneuploïde PB-I het onderskeidelik in 58% en 67% blastosiste ontwikkel. Daar is „n positiewe verwantskap tussen die ploïdie van PB-I, PB-II en die blastomere aangetoon [Kappa (>0.7)]. Dit is afgelei dat na ICSI en sekwensiële genetiese kariotipering van die oösiet/sigoot en daaropvolgende blastomere, die meerderheid oösiete bevrug is en die daaropvolgende sigote ontwikkel het tot blastosiste, ongeag hul ploïdie status. Ons afleiding is dus dat blastosist ontwikkelling nie aan ploïdie verwant is nie. HOOFSTUK 6 In hierdie hoofstuk bespreek ons waarnemings wat betref seleksie kriteria om die beste embrios te kies vir terugplasing wat uiteindelik tot „n suksesvolle swangeskap sal lei. Morfologiese, biochemiese en genetiese faktore is ondersoek. „n Onderskeiding is gemaak tussen nie-indringende (mikroskopiese en biochemiese) en indringende (embrio biopsie, aCGH) tegnieke. 'n Kombinasie van nie-indringende observasies, wat insluit pronukliere mofologie, vroee sigoot verdeling en vroeë embrio morfologie/kwalitieit op Dag-3 het beperkte inligting verskaf wat betref swangerskapkans. Verlengde embrio kweking tot die blastosist stadium (Dag-5) plus „n positiewe sHLA-G resultaat gee egter veel meer voordelige inligting aan die embrioloog met die embrio seleksie proses, voor embrio terugplasing of bevriesing. Laasgenoemde inligting sal die swangerskap syfer bevoordeel en die meervoudige swangerskap kans verlaag. Wat die indringende tegniek (aCGH) betref, word veel meer data benodig rakend die potensiele voor- en nadele wat betref swangerskap uitkoms, voordat „n sinvolle gevolgtrekking gemaak kan word. HOOFSTUK 7 „n Volledige literatuur oorsig dui daarop dat alle beskikbare riglyne om embrios te kies vir terugplasing, ingespan moet word. In die studie is daar gekyk na „n kombinasie van hierdie voorstelle. Daar is begin met die morfologie van die pronukliere stadium, gevolg deur vroeë sigoot-verdeling, asook beoordeling van embrios se morfologie/kwaliteit op Dag-3 van ontwikkeling. Daar word voorgestel dat die keuse van „n blastosist op Dag 5, gekombineerd met „n positiewe oplosbare menslike leukosiet antigeen G (shla-G) die embrioloog van hulp kan wees om die beste embrio te kies vir terugplasing of bevriesing. Hierdie nie-indringende riglyn behoort swangerskap-uitkoms te verbeter asook meervoudige swangerskappe te verminder. Indringende tegnieke soos ACGH benodig verdere in diepte navorsing en data verkryging om die waarde van hierdie toets te kan beoordeel.
Walters, Anneke H. "In vitro assessment of fertilization and embryo development with Bovine spermatozoa after scrotal insulation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29721.
Full textPh. D.
Pelzer, Elise Sarah. "Microbial colonisation of human follicular fluid and adverse in vitro fertilisation outcomes." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/49122/1/Elise_Pelzer_Thesis.pdf.
Full textSteeves, Tracey Elizabeth 1968. "The in vitro produced cow embryo : factors affecting development and metabolism." Monash University, Centre for Early Human Development, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8992.
Full textCaran, Juliana Zanrosso. "Avaliação da qualidade embrionária (escore embrionário) em mulheres com endometriose." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/66663.
Full textObjective. To determine embryo quality (Mean Graduated Embryo Score, MGES) in infertile patients with endometriosis submitted to in vitro fertilization (IVF-ET). Design. Prospective cohort. Setting. Private Human Reproduction Center. Patients. We compared 706 embryos (162 patients) divided in two groups: 472 embryos derived from patients without endometriosis (n=109, infertile patients with tubal or male infertility) and 234 embryos from patients in study group (n=53, infertile patients with endometriosis). Interventions. All patients were submitted to IVF using an estradiol-antagonist-recombinant FSH protocol for ovarian stimulation. MGES was performed evaluating all embryos three times: 16 – 18 hours, 25 – 27 hours and 64 – 67 hours, by the same embryologist. Embryo evaluation was performed according to the following parameters: fragmentation, nucleolar alignment, polar body apposition, blastomere number/morphology and symmetry. Main Outcome Measures. MGES scores, fertilization, implantation and pregnancy rates. Results. Groups were compared for age, body mass index (BMI), past ob/gyn characteristics (primary or secondary infertility, parity, abortions) and hormonal profile. Although the number of embryos transferred was greater in patients with endometriosis than in the control group (2.38 ± 0.66 versus 2.15 ± 0.54, respectively; P = 0.001), the MGES was similar in both groups (71 ± 19.8 versus 71.9 ± 23.5, respectively; P = 0.881). Likewise, fertilization rate was similar in groups, 61% in patients with endometriosis and 59% in control group (P=0,511). Moreover, no significant differences were found in implantation rates (21% versus 22%, respectively [P=0,989]) and in pregnancy rates (26,4% versus 28,4%, respectively [P=0,989]). The severity of endometriosis did not influence the results. Conclusions. Embryo quality measured by MGES was not influenced by endometriosis. Likewise, the reproductive outcomes evaluated were similar between infertile patients with and without endometriosis.
Stylianou, Christos. "Predictive modelling of assisted conception data with embryo-level covariates : statistical issues and application." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/predictive-modelling-of-assisted-conception-data-withembryolevel-covariatesstatistical-issues-and-application(a9c4d835-a082-43c7-b980-a1b6b8e165c8).html.
Full textPrates, Elsa Cristina da Graça. "In vitro maturation of porcine oocyte: effects of lipid manipulation on fertilization, embryo development and cryo-resistance." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15059.
Full textWhitaker, Brian Daniel. "Exogenous γ-Glutamyl Cycle Compound Supplementation to In Vitro Maturation Medium and the Effects on Subsequent In Vitro Fertilization and Culture Parameters of Porcine Oocytes and Their Impact on Embryo Viability." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33924.
Full textMaster of Science
Aghajanova, Lusine. "Endometrial, embryonic and ovarian aspects of human implantation /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-794-4/.
Full textJooste, Frans. "The association between foot-and-mouth disease virus and bovine oocytes and embryos during in vitro embryo production." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03022006-120630/.
Full textGracia, Catalá Maria. "Assessment of prepubertal sheep oocyte competence for in vitro embryo production by the Brilliant Cresyl Blue test." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96655.
Full textThe oocyte quality is used as synonymous of oocyte competence defined as the ability of an oocyte to resume meiosis, cleave following fertilization, develop to the blastocyst stage, induce a pregnancy and bring the offspring to term in good health. The selection of more competent oocytes is an important point in in vitro embryo production programs. The Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) test has been successfully used as a non invasive methodology to classify oocytes according to their cytoplasm coloration as grown (BCB+: blue cytoplasm) or growing (BCB-: colorless cytoplasm) oocytes. To our knowledge there are no previous reports using this test to select competent oocytes in sheep. We have carried out 3 studies to test the ability of the BCB to select the most competent prepubertal sheep oocytes for in vitro blastocyst embryo production. Furthermore, we pretend to improve the knowledge about oocyte competence related to their cytoplasmic and molecular performances, their responses to different techniques of fertilization and to test new maturation media to improve the blastocyst production. In Experiment 1, different concentrations of the BCB test (13, 26, 39 and 52 µM) were analyzed. After BCB culture all of oocytes were IVM-IVF and IVC. The parameters assessed in this study were: oocyte diameter, mitochondrial activity, maturation-promoting factor (MPF) activity, mRNA relative expression (RE) of genes related to metabolism (ATP1A1 and COX1) and constitutive function of the cell (CPEB and S100A10) and the blastocyst development. The results showed that 13 µM BCB during 60 min could be a suitable concentration to differentiate largest (BCB+, 123.66 µm) and most competent oocytes to develop to the blastocyst stage (21%) and with a higher number of cells (69.71±6.19 S.E.M.) compared with non-stained BCB- oocytes (106.82 µm, 9% and 45.91±3.35 S.E.M., respectively). Mitochondrial activity, assessed by MitoTracker Orange CMTMRos probe, was significantly higher in BCB+ than in BCB- oocytes after in vitro maturation (3369 and 1565 Arbitrary Units, respectively) and the MPF activity, assessed by CDC2 kinase activity assay, showed significantly higher activity at metaphase II stage in BCB+ than in BCB- oocytes (1.479±0.09 and 1.184±0.05 optical density, respectively). The mRNA RE of the different genes analyzed in this work did not show a correlation with the oocyte quality. In Experiment 2, the objective was to improve blastocyst production of small (BCB-) oocytes by addition of Insulin Transferrin Selenium and Ascorbic Acid during 12 and 24 h of IVM. MPF and ATP content were measure before and after IVM. Results showed no differences in blastocyst production between BCB oocytes. The MPF and ATP increased in all groups (P<0.001) after the IVM. In Experiment 3, the aim was to test the blastocyst production after IVF, ICSI and PA of BCB+ and BCB- oocytes. ATP content was analyzed. BCB+ oocytes developed significantly higher up to the blastocyst stage after IVF and PA (31.7% and 20.5%, respectively) than BCB- (6.7% and 8.8%, respectively) oocytes. However, ICSI treated oocytes did not show these differences between BCB+ and BCB- oocytes (14.3% vs 11.8%, respectively). BCB+ oocytes had significantly more ATP content than BCB- oocytes. Finally we can conclude that the BCB test is an easy, fast and suitable methodology to select the more competent sheep oocytes. Good quality oocytes (BCB+) showed higher blastocyst production, mitochondrial and MPF activity and ATP content than BCB- oocytes. The BCB test is a useful method to be incorporated in the embryo production protocol where a large and heterogeneous number of oocytes are use to be in vitro fertilized. However, BCB test is less interesting when working with a small number of oocytes such as in Laparoscopic Ovum Pick Up (LOPU) or ICSI.
Hoogendijk, Christiaan F. (Christiaan Frederik). "Sperm DNA fragmentation : implications in assisted reproductive technologies." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21626.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Male fertility has for many years been defined in vitro as the ability of sperm to fertilize oocytes and to obtain early cleavage-stage embryos. Spermatozoa comprise of an extraordinary high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their plasma membrane. Due to an extremely low content of cytoplasm, sperm cells have a particularly low potential to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), and are therefore highly sensitive to oxidative processes, which lead to sperm nucleus DNA damage/fragmentation. Normally, DNA fragmentation occurs in every ejaculate and can be induced by an excessive ROS production of active leukocytes or the spermatozoa themselves. Under distressed conditions, DNA fragmentation may also occur in the testis as a result of oxidative processes in the apoptotic cascade. These DNA fragmentations can be regarded as late signs of programmed cell death (apoptosis). Clinically, DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa results in significantly decreased implantation and pregnancy rates especially in patients with oligo- and/or teratozoospermia. The p-pattern normal sperm morphology has been shown to give poorer fertilization rates in vitro than the g- and n-patterns. In this study there is reported on the significant correlation found between the p-pattern normal sperm morphology and sperm DNA fragmentation as measured with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUDP-biotin end labeling (TUNEL) assay. This finding further explains the lower fertility potential of patients presenting with p-pattern normal sperm morphology. In addition, this study explores the intricate relations between ROS in the semen, DNA fragmentation of the spermatozoa, as measured with the TUNEL assay and the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA ), spermatozoa apoptotic status and sperm parameters as measured with a standard semen analysis. Positive correlations were found between ROS and the apoptotic status of the sperm, as well as between sperm with non-fragmented DNA and sperm concentration and percentage motility. The results emphasize the importance of sperm selection especially when the treatment of choice is intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). An early sign of programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis, is the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) from the inner membrane leaflet to the outer leaflet. PS shows a high affinity to Annexin V. Apoptotic spermatozoa are able to fertilize oocytes, but embryo senescence may occur at the time when the paternal genes are activated. In this study there is reported on a novel method whereby spermatozoa can be separated on the basis of their apoptotic status through flow cytometry. Results showed that the normal sperm morphology, according to strict criteria, of the resultant nonapoptotic sperm fraction is significantly higher than that of the apoptotic counterpart. With refinement of this technique, it will be possible in future to use these separated non-apoptotic sperm cells during ICSI for fertilization. From the above it is apparent that the spermatozoon has to play a vital role in the development of the embryo from fertilization to implantation and pregnancy. It is, however, important to note that besides the gametes, there are other critical factors which contribute to a successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle, among these are the in vitro culture conditions. In this regard, this study compared two sequential embryo culture systems. It was found that the more complex medium resulted in better day three embryo quality and a better blastocyst formation rate and pregnancy rate. These findings highlight the importance of a holistic perspective towards the complexity of the factors involved in affecting embryo quality and pregnancy outcome.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Manlike fertiliteit is vir baie jare gedefinieer as die in vitro vermoë van ‘n spermsel om ‘n eiersel te bevrug om sodoende embrios te verkry. Die spermsel se plasmamembraan bestaan uit ‘n hoë persentasie poli-onversadigde vetsure. As gevolg van die klein hoeveelhede sitoplasma van die spermsel het dit ‘n beperkte weerstand teen reaktiewe suurstof spesies (ROS) en is gevolglik baie sensitief vir oksidasie. Oksidasie lei tot DNS skade/fragmentasie. DNS fragmentasie kom in spermselle van alle ejakulate voor en is gewoonlik die gevolg van ROS produksie deur die leukosiete in die semen of vanaf die spermselle self. Onder sekere omstandighede kan DNS fragmentasie ook voorkom in die testis waar dit deel vorm van apoptose. Hierdie tipe DNS skade word gesien as laat tekens van geprogrammeerde seldood (apoptose). In oligo- en/of teratozoospermiese mans lei DNS fragmentasie tot verlaagde implantasie- en swangerskapssyfers. Die p-patroon normale sperm morfologie groep gee laer in vitro bevrugting en swangerskapsyfers as die g- en n-patrone. In hierdie studie doen ons verslag oor die statisties betekenisvolle korrelasie wat gevind is tussen die p-patroon normale sperm morfologie en DNS fragmentasie soos gemeet met die ‘terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUDP-biotin end labeling’ of te wel TUNEL toets. Hierdie bevinding is ‘n verdere verklaring vir die laer fertiliteits potensiaal van pasiënte wat voordoen met p-patroon sperm morfologie. ‘n Verdere doel van die studie was om die moontlike verband tussen ROS in die semen, spermatozoa DNS fragmentasie, apoptotiese status van die sperms en die motiliteits parameters van die spermatozoa te bepaal. ‘n Positiewe korrelasie is gevind tussen ROS en sperm apoptotiese status. Sperms met ongeframenteerde DNS is ook positief gekorreleer met sperm konsentrasie en motiliteit. Die resultate beklemtoon die belangrikheid van spermseleksie veral in pasiënte waar die keuse van behandeling intrasitoplasmiese sperm inspuiting (ICSI) is. ‘n Vroeë teken van apoptose is die eksternalisering van ‘phosphatidylserine’ (PS) vanaf die interne oppervlakte van die plasmamembraan na die eksterne oppervlak. PS het ‘n hoë affiniteit vir Annexin V. Apoptotiese sperms het die vermoë om ‘n oösiet te bevrug, maar kan lei tot die staking van embrio deling wanneer die vaderlike gene ‘n rol begin speel in embrio ontwikkeling. In hierdie studie het ons ‘n nuwe metode ontwikkel waarvolgens die spermatozoa in die ejakulaat op grond van hul apoptotiese status geskei kan word in apoptotiese en nie-apoptotiese fraksies. Die normale sperm morfologie van die nie-apoptotiese fraksie is betekenisvol beter as dié van die apoptotiese fraksie. Verdere verfyning van die tegniek kan daartoe lei dat dit in die toekoms toegepas kan word om vir nie-apoptotiese sperms te selekteer veral voor die uitvoering van ICSI. Uit die bogenoemde is dit duidelik dat die spermsel ‘n baie belangrike rol in die ontwikkeling van ‘n embrio, vanaf bevrugting tot implantasie en swangerskap, speel. Dit is egter ook belangrik om in gedagte te hou dat daar ander bydraende faktore tot ‘n suksesvolle in vitro swangerskap is, soos laboratorium toestande en embrio kultuursisteem. Om hierdie rede is daar ook twee kultuurmedia in hierdie studie vergelyk. Daar is bevind dat die meer komplekse medium beter kwaliteit embrios op dag drie lewer, asook meer blastosiste en ‘n hoër swangerskapsyfer. Dit is dus duidelik dat dit uiters belangrik is om ‘n holistiese perspektief te hê op die komplekse faktore wat ‘n invloed mag hê op bevrugting, embrio kwaliteit asook die swangerskapsyfer.
Shaikly, Valerie Ruth. "An investigation into the factors associated with human pre-implantation embryo development and foetal maternal tolerance in the course of in vitro fertilization." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502139.
Full textMiller, Natalie Ann. "Influence of management factors on reproduction in beef cattle: 1. Effects of melengestrol acetate and growth promoting implants on oocyte quality and subsequent in vitro embryo development 2. Exposure of prepubertal beef bulls to cycling females to enhance sexual development." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13968.
Full textDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Karol E. Fike
This thesis involves two separate studies that evaluate the effects of different beef cattle management practices on reproduction. The objective of the first study was to determine if feedlot heifers administered melengestrol acetate (MGA) and growth promoting implants could serve as viable oocyte donors for in vitro embryo production. Ovaries from heifers administered MGA and growth promotants (MGA-Implant) and ovaries from heifers not administered either substance (Control) were collected from heifers post-slaughter. Oocytes were harvested and in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and in vitro culture were completed. Treatment and time interacted to affect the number of oocytes aspirated per ovary (P = 0.07) and the number of zygotes per ovary (P = 0.07). Fertilization (P = 0.90) and cleavage rates (P = 0.80) did not differ between treatments. Blastocyst rates (P = 0.30) and the number of embryos per ovary (P = 0.50) did not differ between treatments. We concluded that beef feedlot heifers fed MGA and implanted with growth promotants seem to be a viable source of oocytes for in vitro embryo production. In the second study, we hypothesized that continuous fenceline exposure of prepubertal beef bulls to cycling beef females would hasten the onset of puberty as well as increase the percentage of bulls passing their initial breeding soundness examination (BSE). Bulls were either exposed to estrous females (exposed) or were not exposed (control). Monthly scrotal circumference (SC) measurements, blood samples, semen evaluations, and bull behavior assessments were conducted. Age at puberty (P = 0.40), SC at puberty (P = 0.50), and weight at puberty (P = 0.30) did not differ between treatments. A similar (P = 0.50) percentage of bulls passed their initial BSE at 363 ± 21.5 d of age (exposed: 87.8%; control: 74.2%). Treatment, month, and stage of the estrous cycle of cows interacted to affect the number of mount attempts (P = 0.05) and the number of flehmen responses (P < 0.001). In conclusion, bulls given continuous fenceline exposure to cycling beef females were neither younger at puberty nor did a greater percentage pass their initial BSE.
Alberto, Míryan Lança Vilia. "Organogênese do aparelho respiratório e sistema cardiovascular de embriões bovinos provenientes de transferência nuclear e fertilização in vitro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-04032011-093703/.
Full textMorphogenetic changes of cardio-respiratory system of bovine from in vitro fertilization and nuclear transfer is a major factor responsible for high incidence of both periods embryonic, fetal and postnatal mortality. We used techniques of light microscopy to study the development of heart and lung in these animals. We found that in embryos derived from in vitro fertilization, at 28 days of gestation, appears the laryngotracheal tube and its fold through tracheoesophageal septation. In the same period the embryos showed pericardial cavity, atrium divided into left and right, cardiac cone, venous sinus, layer of myocardium and epicardium. In embryos with 36 days of gestational age was observed the tracheal bronchus from a bud in the right lateral portion of the trachea, cranial to its bifurcation. At 44 days of gestation, the lung buds of the embryos showed main bronchi giving rise to budding of segmental bronchi. The sustentation mesenchyme in differentiation contained scattered blood vessels, unlike embryos from TN, which with 68 days of gestation showed lung in pseudoglandular stage, containing bronchioles buds and few blood vessels in histological sections obtained and analyzed. With 70 days, the fetal heart ventricle had significantly large, small atrium and lungs not developed. From our results we conclude that genetic alterations, incomplete information in cellular communications and change in cellular metabolism are likely responsible for the anomalies in the techniques of embryo manipulation, causing a slower and flawed development when compared to embryos in vivo, explaining the high rate of pregnancy loss
Narušytė, Ingrida. "Preimplantacinės diagnostikos reguliavimas lyginamuoju aspektu." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20080131_111543-64723.
Full textThese master theses analyze the regulation of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in comparative aspect in different countries, simultaneously revealing main problems arising. The aim of this research is to compare legal acts and experience of different countries in this biomedical field. The analysis shows, that preimplantation genetic diagnosis is still innovative and well considered procedure, which give a rise to a lot of ethical and legal discussions, and legal regulation of this procedure depends on legal, religious, cultural and social traditions of the country.
Doyo, Kader. "A prospective randomized study to compare Nidoil and Ovoil cultur oils used to culture human embryos in IVF therapy." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-349013.
Full textMcMillen, Brooke. "Embryo Adoption: Implications of Personhood, Marriage, and Parenthood." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1613.
Full textDepartment of Philosophy, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Peggy Zeglin Brand, Jason T. Eberl, Michael B. Burke. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-84).
Furtado, Cristiana Libardi Miranda. "Estudo das Regiões Controladoras de Imprinting 1 e 2 em Oócitos, Embriões e Placentas de Primeiro Trimestre." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-15052014-143212/.
Full textGenomic imprinting is an epigenetic process that plays an essential role in the development of placental mammals with a parent-of-origin-specific manner of gene expression, in which only one allele is expressed. The imprinted gene expression is controlled by differentially methylated regions (DMRs), located in imprinting control regions (ICRs). In Bos Taurus, chromosome 29 presents two imprinted domains similar to human 11p15.5 region which are named KDMR1 (in the ICR2) and H19DMR (in the ICR1). Several genes that play an essential role in growth and development are under the control of the ICRs, in which the KvDMR1 is methylated on the maternal allele and the H19DMR is methylated on the paternal allele. In this study, the DNA methylation status of the KvDMR1 and H19DMR was verified in bovine non-matured germinative vesicle (GV) in vitro matured (MII) oocytes, as well in early (EA) and expanded (EX) blastocysts, and in bovine and human early placenta. The oocytes and blastocysts were collected after in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques. Tissues from bovine placenta and fetus with 49 days of gestational age and human placenta with 12 weeks of gestational age were also collected. The DNA was extracted and modified by sodium bisulfite. The methylation pattern of KvDMR1 e H19DMR was verified by cloning and bisulfite sequencing. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis for the relative quantification of gene expression by real time PCR were performed for oocytes and blastocysts. The methylation profile for the control sample of sperm was hypomethylated for KvDMR1 and hypermethylated for H19DMR. The GV and MII oocytes showed a hypermethylated pattern for KvDMR1 and in the EA and EX was hypermethylated and hypomethylated, respectively. The H19DMR displayed a hypermethylated pattern for GV and MII oocytes. For EA was observed a hypomethylated profile and EX presented a monoallelic expression. The LIT1 and IGF2 gene expression were low for all samples, however the LIT1 had the same level of expression in all samples while the IGF2 was not expressed in EA and EX. The MII oocytes showed high levels of IGF2 gene expression when compared with GV oocytes. The methylation levels for KvDMR1 in bovine early placenta varied between the cotyledons (39,6% and 88,9%). The percentage of methylation for H19DMR in cotyledons varied between 57.0% to 35.0%. Only one sample was not methylated for this ICR1. In human villous, a hypermethylated profile was observed for all samples, and the percentage of methylation for KvDMR1 and H19DMR varied between 84.4% e 97.9%. The results show an altered methylation profile in MII oocytes for two analysed regions and an alteration of H19DMR in GV oocytes. The expected for blastocysts was a monoallelic profile for KvDMR1 and H19DMR, however these results were observed only in EX for H19DMR. In bovine, the methylation levels of KvDMR1 and H19DMR seems to work antagonistically. While the KvDMR1 tended to hypermethylation, the ICR1 tended to a hypomethylation. The comparative analysis of bovine and human early placentas does not suggest a relationship between the methylation patterns of these regions in these two species. However, these studies provide the basis for the understanding of imprinting in the placenta. The study in oocytes and blastocysts represent an initial investigation in understanding how the assisted reproductive technologies affect the embryo growth and development, and this is the first report on the methylation patterns of KvDMR1 and H19DMR in bovine oocytes and blastocysts.