Relevant bibliographies by topics / In Utero Drug Exposures

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Academic literature on the topic 'In Utero Drug Exposures'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "In Utero Drug Exposures"

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Huestis, Marilyn A., and Robin E. Choo. "Drug abuse’s smallest victims: in utero drug exposure." Forensic Science International 128, no. 1-2 (August 2002): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-0738(02)00160-3.

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Bech, Laura Fuglsang, Christoffer Polcwiartek, Kristian Kragholm, Mikkel Porsborg Andersen, Christopher Rohde, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Jimmi Nielsen, and Søren Hagstrøm. "In utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs is associated with learning disabilities among offspring." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 89, no. 12 (August 3, 2018): 1324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-318386.

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ObjectivesIn utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs has previously been associated with adverse outcome among offspring, but evidence on longer term milestone development remains limited. We investigated the association between in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs and learning disabilities in the first year of compulsory education among offspring and assessed which antiepileptic drugs carried the highest risk.MethodsThis population-based case–cohort study used Danish nationwide register data from 2005 to 2008. Cases were offspring exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero, and controls were unexposed offspring of mothers previously redeeming antiepileptic drug prescriptions. Offspring were followed from birth until the first year of compulsory education from 2011 to 2015. Learning disabilities were defined as mental retardation, specific developmental disorders, autism spectrum disorders, emotional/behavioural disorders or having special educational needs. Logistic regression was used to compute ORs with 95% CIs adjusted for potential confounding.ResultsOf 117 475 incident singleton births, 636 cases and 434 controls were included (median age: 6.1 years, males: 55.7%). Learning disabilities were identified among 7.1% cases compared with 3.7% for controls. During any trimester, the adjusted OR of the association between in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs and learning disabilities was 2.20 (95% CI 1.16 to 4.17). Among cases not exposed to polytherapy (n=556), in utero exposure to lamotrigine compared with another antiepileptic drug was associated with the lowest adjusted risk (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.92), and valproate carried a higher risk (OR 4.67, 95% CI 1.73 to 12.59).ConclusionIn utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs was significantly associated with learning disabilities among offspring. Lamotrigine should preferentially be considered over, for example, valproate if clinically feasible.
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Wright, Tricia. "Biochemical Screening for in utero Drug Exposure." Drug Metabolism Letters 9, no. 2 (October 27, 2015): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872312809666150904182334.

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Mulvihill, A. O., P. D. Cackett, N. D. George, and B. W. Fleck. "Nystagmus secondary to drug exposure in utero." British Journal of Ophthalmology 91, no. 5 (December 13, 2006): 613–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2006.105569.

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Cackett, Peter D., Nick George, Brian Fleck, and Alan Mulvihill. "Nystagmus Secondary to Drug Exposure In Utero." Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 10, no. 1 (February 2006): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2006.01.138.

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Meador, Kimford J. "Effects of in Utero Antiepileptic Drug Exposure." Epilepsy Currents 8, no. 6 (October 6, 2008): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-7511.2008.00273.x.

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Recent studies demonstrate an increased teratogenic risk for valproate and a probable increased risk for phenobarbital. Carbamazepine and lamotrigine appear relatively safe; however, results are inconclusive concerning a specific risk for cleft lip/palate for both drugs as well as a dose-dependent effect for malformations associated with lamotrigine. Data regarding teratogenic risks for other antiepileptic drugs are inadequate. Additional studies are needed to delineate further the risks for all antiepileptic drugs and determine the underlying mechanisms.
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Schraw, Jeremy M. "Anticancer drug exposure in utero and leukemia." Blood 143, no. 4 (January 25, 2024): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2023022496.

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&NA;. "Long-Term Effects of In Utero Drug Exposure." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 108, no. 5 (May 2008): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000317982.71371.39.

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Gray, Teresa, and Marilyn Huestis. "Bioanalytical procedures for monitoring in utero drug exposure." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 388, no. 7 (March 17, 2007): 1455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1228-9.

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Meador, Kimford. "Anatomical and Behavioral Effects of in Utero Exposure to Antiepileptic Drugs." Epilepsy Currents 5, no. 6 (November 2005): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-7511.2005.00067.x.

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Increased Rate of Major Malformations in Offspring Exposed to Valproate during Pregnancy Wyszynski DF, Nambisan M, Surve T, Alsdorf RM, Smith CR, Holmes LB, Antiepileptic Drug Pregnancy Registry Neurology 2005;64:961–965 Purpose To determine the rate of occurrence of major malformations in infants whose mothers had taken the drug valproic acid (VPA) as monotherapy during the first trimester of pregnancy and had enrolled in the North American Antiepileptic Drug Pregnancy Registry. Methods Data were collected from pregnant women throughout the United States and Canada through telephone-based interviews. Each woman was interviewed at enrollment, at 7 months’ gestation, and postpartum. With her written permission, the medical records of each mother and her infant were obtained. The major malformations tabulated were those identified at or before age 5 days. The prevalence of congenital malformations among offspring of monotherapy VPA-exposed women was compared with that among infants of women exposed to all other antiepileptic drugs (internal comparison group) and with that among newborns in the Active Malformations Surveillance Program at Brigham and Women's Hospital (external comparison group). Results Sixteen affected cases were identified among 149 VPA-exposed women (proportion: 10.7%; 95% CI: 6.3 to 16.9%). The prevalence in the internal comparison group was 2.9% (95% CI: 2.0 to 4.1%; odds ratio: 4.0; 95% CI: 2.1 to 7.4; P < 0.001). Assuming a 1.62% prevalence in the external comparison group, the relative risk of having an affected offspring for VPA-exposed women was 7.3 (95% CI: 4.4 to 12.2; P < 0.001). Conclusions Maternal exposure to VPA during the first trimester of pregnancy significantly increased the risk of major malformations. Lamotrigine and the Risk of Malformations in Pregnancy Cunnington M, Tennis P; International Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry Scientific Advisory Committee Neurology 2005;64(6):955–960 Purpose To report the frequency of major malformations in lamotrigine (LTG)-exposed pregnancies from September 1, 1992, through March 31, 2004, in the International Lamotrigine Pregnancy Registry. Methods Health care professionals throughout the world can voluntarily enroll LTG-exposed pregnancies in this observational study. Only pregnancies with unknown outcomes at the time of enrollment were included in the analysis. The percentage of outcomes with major birth defects was calculated as the total number of outcomes with major birth defects divided by the sum of the number of outcomes with major birth defects + the number of live births without defects. Results Among 414 first-trimester exposures to LTG monotherapy, 12 outcomes with major birth defects were reported (2.9%, 95% CI 1.6 to 5.1%). Among the 88 first-trimester exposures to LTG polytherapy including valproate, 11 outcomes with major birth defects were reported (12.5%; 95% CI 6.7 to 21.7%). Among 182 first-trimester exposures to LTG polytherapy excluding valproate, 5 outcomes with major birth defects were reported (2.7%, 95% CI 1.0 to 6.6%). No distinctive pattern of major birth defects was apparent among the offspring exposed to LTG monotherapy or polytherapy. Conclusions The risk of all major birth defects after first-trimester exposure to LTG monotherapy (2.9%) was similar to that in the general population and in other registries enrolling women exposed to antiepileptic monotherapy (3.3 to 4.5%). However, the sample size was too small to detect any but very large increases in specific birth defects. Critical Relationship between Sodium Valproate Dose and Human Teratogenicity: Results of the Australian Register of Anti-Epileptic Drugs in Pregnancy Vajda FJ, O'Brien TJ, Hitchcock A, Graham J, Cook M, Lander C, Eadie MJ J Clin Neurosci 2004;11:854–858 Purpose To compare the incidence of foetal malformations (FMs) in pregnant women with epilepsy treated with different antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and doses, and the influence of seizures, family and personal history, and environmental factors. A prospective, observational, community-based cohort study. Methods A voluntary, Australia-wide, telephone-interview–based register prospectively enrolling three groups of pregnant women: taking AEDs for epilepsy; with epilepsy not taking AEDs; and taking AEDs for a nonepilepsy indication. Four hundred fifty eligible women were enrolled over a 40-month period. Three hundred ninety-six pregnancies had been completed, with 7 sets of twins, for a total of 403 pregnancy outcomes. Results The 354 (87.8%) pregnancy outcomes resulted in a healthy live birth; 26 (6.5%) had an FM; 4 (1%), a death in utero; 1 (0.2%), a premature labour with stillbirth; 14 (3.5%), a spontaneous abortion; and 4, lost to follow-up. The FM rate was greater in pregnancies exposed to sodium valproate (VPA) in the first trimester (16.0%) compared with those exposed to all other AEDs (16.0 vs. 2.4%; P < 0.01) or no AEDs (16.0% vs.3.1%; P < 0.01). The mean daily dose of VPA taken in pregnancy with FMs was significantly greater than in those without (1975 vs. 1128 mg, P < 0.01). The incidence of FM with VPA doses ≥1100 mg was 30.2% versus 3.2% with doses <1100 mg ( P < 0.01). Conclusions A dose–effect relation occurs for FM and exposure to VPA during the first trimester of pregnancy, with higher doses of VPA associated with a significantly greater risk than with lower doses or with other AEDs. These results highlight the need to limit, where possible, the dose of VPA in pregnancy. Neuropsychological Effects of Exposure to Anticonvulsant Medication In Utero Vinten J, Adab N, Kini U, Gorry J, Gregg J, Baker GA; Liverpool and Manchester Neurodevelopment Study Group Neurology 2005;64:949–954 Purpose To investigate the long-term differential drug effects on cognitive functioning in school-aged children exposed to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in utero. Methods Mothers with epilepsy were recruited from specialist epilepsy clinics and obstetric clinics from the Liverpool and Manchester region. The mothers and their children were recruited without prior knowledge of their AED treatment during pregnancy or the health of the offspring. A battery of neuropsychological tests was applied to each mother–child pair to obtain a neuropsychological profile for each child. Results Neuropsychological investigation was performed on 249 children between the ages of 6 and 16 years. Children exposed to sodium valproate had a significantly lower verbal IQ when compared with children exposed to other AEDs or not exposed at all. The same children were more likely to have an IQ below 69 and more likely to have memory impairment when compared with the other groups. The mothers’ IQs, exposure to sodium valproate, and the number of tonic–clonic seizures during pregnancy were significant predictors of verbal IQ in this population. Conclusions This retrospective study highlights the potential harmful effects of sodium valproate exposure in utero on neuropsychological development.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "In Utero Drug Exposures"

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Fitton, Catherine Alexandra. "Identifying adverse outcomes in neonates and children following in utero exposure to medication." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2019. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=240861.

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Introduction: Many medications have an unproven safety profile for use during pregnancy, leading to issues when chronic diseases, such as hypertension and depression, present during pregnancy. The focus of this research programme is to determine whether in utero exposure to antihypertensive and antidepressant medication is associated with increased risk of adverse events at birth, and up to 27 months of age in the child. Methods: Two systematic reviews were performed to identify current published literature and knowledge gaps. Following this, using Scottish healthcare data, a cohort of 268,711 children born 2010-2014 were identified. Following cleaning of the data, multiple imputation was used to account for missing values. Poisson, linear and multinomial regressions were performed to identify the relationship between in utero medication exposure and child outcomes. Results: In utero antihypertensive exposure was associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, but not developmental issues. However, untreated hypertension was associated with low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age. In utero antidepressant exposure was associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, preeclampsia, having a special needs indicator at 10 days and 6-8 weeks post-birth, developmental issues at 27 months Conclusions: This research programme identified several adverse outcomes following in utero exposure to antihypertensive and antidepressant medication.
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Shallcross, Rebekah. "Child development following in utero exposure : a comparison of novel and established antiepileptic drug treatment." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569778.

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Research regarding child outcome following in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs, has documented increased risks for later developmental delay, cognitive impairment and associated language difficulties. Research regarding malformation data has utilised pregnancy and epilepsy registers in order to document the relative risks associated with individual antiepileptic drug exposure, yet pregnancy and epilepsy registers have not been widely utilised in the investigation of child cognitive development. The current research aims to document the developmental abilities of children born to women with epilepsy exposed to the novel antiepileptic drug Levetiracetam (n=110) and the established antiepileptic drug Sodium Valproate (n=86), utilising the U.K.Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register. A control group of children born to women without epilepsy, not taking medication during pregnancy, previously assessed by the Liverpool and Manchester Neurodevelopment Group-was also utilised for comparison (n=232). Children were assessed at either 0-24 months of age or 36-54 months of age. Tests of child development and language abilities, as well as parental report questionnaires pertaining to neurodevelopmental disorders, were administered. Children exposed in utero to Levetiracetam were not found to differ from control children on any measures administered. Linear regression analysis revealed Sodium Valproate exposure to be predictive of poorer overall developmental abilities for children between 0-24 months of age. Further, for children 36-54 months of age, linear regression analysis revealed Sodium Valproate exposure to be predictive of poorer gross locomotor skills, comprehension oflanguage abilities and expressive language abilities. No significant differences were found between any of the groups in regards to parental report pertaining to features of neurodevelopmental disorder. Pregnancy guidelines and preconception counselling information for women with epilepsy should take into account the findings of the current thesis, when deciding upon anti epileptic drug treatment, so that informed decisions can be made by women with epilepsy in conjunction with their healthcare professionals. The current research was sponsored by UCR
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Staley, Elizabeth. "Persistent Developmental Delays in Children Born with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome and In Utero Drug Exposure." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1622630310967578.

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Barr, Sarah Elizabeth. "Understanding Caregiver Perceptions of Attachment with Drug Exposed Foster Children." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7364.

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Lacking a healthy attachment to a caregiver and having in-utero methamphetamine exposure have been linked to a variety of cognitive delays, developmental delays, and mental health issues throughout a person's lifespan. It is unknown if there is a relationship between in-utero methamphetamine exposure and the ability to build a healthy attachment to a caregiver. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to improve understanding of the perceptions of caregivers about attachment efforts for foster children under the age of 3, who have had in-utero methamphetamine exposure. This study was guided by attachment theory. Purposeful sampling was used to select 7 participants who had provided care to foster children with in-utero methamphetamine exposure within the last year. Data were collected through the use of semistructured interviews, which were conducted in-person, audiotaped, and then transcribed. Data was analyzed through text searches of themes, axial coding, and repetitive words. Trustworthiness was obtained through member checking and generating a rich description of the participants' experiences. The findings revealed that many of the participants feel that these children do not respond to their efforts to build a healthy attachment to them. They also felt that the foster children did not process stimuli, such as touch, in the same way as other children; that the foster children found such interactions to be aversive. The findings of this study have the potential to impact social change by assisting therapists, caseworkers, and foster parents better understand the needs of foster children and to create a foundation for interventions to better serve foster children with in-utero methamphetamine exposure.
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Smith, Andrew Lawrence. "Pregnancy and Multiple Sclerosis: Risk of Unplanned Pregnancy, Drug Exposure In Utero, Relapse while Attempting Conception, and Post-Partum Relapse by Anesthesia Choice." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1498749393114796.

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Cooney, Maureen Anne Siega-Riz Anna Maria. "In utero environmental exposures and reproductive endpoints." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2433.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 3, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Epidemiology." Discipline: Epidemiology; Department/School: Public Health.
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Hübinette, Anna. "Exposures in utero and chronic disease : an alternative methodological approach /." Stockholm : Karolinska Univ. Press, 2002.

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Cummings, C. A. "A study of the effect of in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs on later childhood development and behaviour." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446121.

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Bailey, Beth A., David Wood, and Darshan Shah. "The Role of in Utero Exposure to Drugs Beyond Opioids in the Development and Severity of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7673.

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Wide, Katarina. "Children exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero : clinical and epidemiological aspects on growth, development and occurrence of malformations /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4320-6/.

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Books on the topic "In Utero Drug Exposures"

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1946-, Calabrese Edward J., ed. Biological effects of low level exposures: Dose-response relationships. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1994.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology. Evaluating chemical and other agent exposures for reproductive and developmental toxicity. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 2001.

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Harrison, Mary-Ann. Changes in open field behavior following brief exposures to chaos-patterned magnetic fields and the psychedelic drug 5-methoxy-n, n-dimethyltryptamine. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Behavioural Neuroscience Program, 2001.

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Gofman, John W. Radiation Consequences from Chernobyl and Comparable Exposures: Heritable, In-Utero, Cancer, and Thyroid Health Effects. Committee Nuclear Responsibility, 1994.

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1946-, Calabrese Edward J., ed. Biological effects of low level exposures to chemicals and radiation. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1992.

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(US), National Research Council. Evaluating Chemical and Other Agent Exposures For Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity. National Academies Press, 2001.

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Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng, and Anne Bardsley. Conceptual background to healthy growth and development. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0002.

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This chapter reviews the concepts of developmental plasticity and mismatch, critical periods for exposures, and the emergent science of epigenetics to explain how relatively subtle changes in parental behaviour can affect the outcomes of pregnancy, and why there are echoes of such influences across the whole of life. Contrary to earlier belief that embryonic and fetal development is set by a genetic programme, it is now clear that the fetus responds to cues in the in utero environment and can alter its development and metabolism accordingly. The ‘decisions’ that the developing fetus makes are embedded in its biology and are based on information it receives from its mother and, through her, about the wider environment, in terms of nutrition and physical activity but also about stress and other aspects of lifestyle.
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GonzÁlez, Amy Berrington de, André Bouville, Preetha Rajaraman, and Mary Schubauer-Berigan. Ionizing Radiation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0013.

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Ionizing radiation is a universal carcinogen due to its ability to induce cancer in most organs following exposure at any age, including in utero. Several organs are especially radiosensitive, particularly when exposure occurs in childhood. These include the female breast, thyroid, brain, and red bone marrow. Very few cancers, notably cervical and Hodgkin lymphoma, do not seem to be related to ionizing radiation, for unknown reasons. For most cancers (lung may be the exception) the relative risk decreases with attained age and time since exposure. Currently the main sources of radiation exposure to the general population involve very low-dose (<50 mGy) natural background exposure (including residential radon) and medical exposures, such as computed tomography (CT) scans. Natural background exposure varies by location but is generally stable over time. Medical exposure has been increasing in many countries due to the expanded use of advanced imaging technologies.
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Ng, Ann, and Erin S. Williams. The Oncology Patient. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0035.

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The pediatric oncology patient is one of the most challenging patients for the pediatric anesthesiologist not only due to the multiplicity of potential comorbidities that can occur due to the oncologic process and chemotherapy but also due to the myriad of anesthetic exposures that the patient must endure. Because this population of children are the most anesthetized group of patients, it is imperative that the anesthesiologist work with a multidisciplinary team to minimize the number of exposures to anesthesia and thereby decrease the number of times that the child is without food and decrease the potential for complications. Given the recent Food and Drug Administration’s warning regarding the potential for neurotoxicity and number of exposures to anesthetics, it is also important to limit the number of anesthetics; this can be accomplished using a multidisciplinary approach and combining procedures as much as possible.
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Thun, Michael J., Martha S. Linet, James R. Cerhan, Christopher Haiman, and David Schottenfeld. Primary Prevention of Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0062.

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Primary prevention has enormous potential to reduce the human, social, and economic costs of cancer worldwide. The following sections discuss the development and application of preventive interventions in six broad areas of public health: tobacco control, the prevention of obesity and physical inactivity, prevention of infection-related cancers, protection against excessive exposure to ultraviolet light, preventive drug therapies (chemoprevention), and the regulation of carcinogenic exposures. All of these areas affect multiple types of cancer and massive numbers of people. Different interventions are at varying stages of development. For example, effective, evidence-based approaches have been developed over several decades to reduce tobacco use, prevent chronic infection with hepatitis B virus, protect children from excessive sun exposure, regulate exposures in high-income countries, and reduce breast cancer incidence and recurrence in high-risk women. More recent efforts are seeking to identify upstream measures to prevent excessive weight gain, reduce caloric intake, and increase physical activity.
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Book chapters on the topic "In Utero Drug Exposures"

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Larson, Jill E. "Orthopedic Manifestations of In Utero Exposures to Teratogens/Infections." In Orthopaedics for the Newborn and Young Child, 299–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11136-5_29.

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Pipan, Mary, Paul P. Wang, and Rebecca Thompson Penna. "Cognitive Development Considerations for Long-term Safety Exposures in Children." In Pediatric Drug Development, 355–82. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118312087.ch30.

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Duggal, Ruchia, and Jerome Hochman. "Optimization of Peptide Drug Exposures for Pharmacological Efficacy: DMPK Considerations." In ACS Symposium Series, 255–73. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1417.ch010.

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Hill, Bridget T. "Differing patterns of cross-resistance resulting from exposures to specific antitumour drugs or to radiation in vitro." In Multiple Drug Resistance in Cancer, 265–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0826-3_13.

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Iversen, Jenny, Pike Long, Alexandra Lutnick, and Lisa Maher. "Patterns and Epidemiology of Illicit Drug Use Among Sex Workers Globally: A Systematic Review." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights, 95–118. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_6.

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AbstractIntroduction: Sex workers who use drugs represent two distinct populations, yet programmatic and policy responses are siloed and failed to acknowledge the ways in which populations overlap and needs intersect. Although prevalence of drug use among sex workers is believed to be higher than the general population, no published estimates of global prevalence exist. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of lifetime illicit drug use among sex workers overall, by gender (cis, transgender, and non-binary), and sub-region.Methods: We searched electronic databases for studies measuring the prevalence of illicit drug use among sex workers from the past decade [2009–2018]. Data were combined to generate pooled prevalence and associated 95% confidence intervals of lifetime use using a random effects model. Countries were categorised into geographic sub-regions, and sub-regional pooled estimates of lifetime use among female sex workers generated and mapped.Results: Among 86 studies in 46 countries, pooled prevalence of lifetime illicit drug use among sex workers was 35% (95% CI 30–41%). There was significant diversity (I2 > 90.0%, P < 0.01), and prevalence ranged from 1.2% to 84%. Most studies reported lifetime drug use among female sex workers (32 studies from 20 countries), and pooled prevalence in this sub-group was 29% (95% CI 24–34%). Insufficient data precluded generation of estimates for male and transgender sex workers.Conclusions: Our review identified significant gaps in data quality and availability. Future research in partnership with sex workers is necessary to explore the diversity of populations and contexts in which drug use and sex work intersect, inform more accurate estimates of prevalence, identify differences in risks and exposures, and guide the creation, implementation, and evaluation of programmes and services.
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Chavkin, Wendy. "Substance abuse in pregnancy." In Reproductive Health Care for Women and Babies, 305–21. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192625304.003.0019.

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Abstract In recent years illicit drug use by pregnant women has garnered an unprecedented level of medical and popular concern. In part this is a direct result of a dramalic increase in their drug use. It also results from heightened medical sophistication. Advances in pcrinatology and epidemiological research have led to recognition of a wider range of consequences of in utero exposure to drugs.
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Sithisarn, Thitinart, and Henrietta S. Bada. "Prenatal Drug Exposure: Childhood Behavior and Cognitive Functioning." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0069.

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Based on the estimates of the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 9.5% of women of child-bearing age (ages 15–44 years)—almost six million—use illicit drugs annually (SAMHSA 2007). A lower proportion of use is estimated among pregnant women (5.2%), but this rate is high enough to make illicit drug use during pregnancy a major public health concern. However, among 15- to 17-year-olds, the rate of illicit drug use during pregnancy is 22.6%, higher than the rate of use (13.3%) in those not pregnant in same age range (SAMHSA 2007). The commonly used illicit substances by women of child-bearing age include marijuana and hashish, cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, and psychotherapeutic agents including pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives. Of interest is the increasing nonmedical use of prescription medications; rate of use of pain relievers among women of child-bearing age is 2.6%, higher than the reported rates of cocaine (1.0%) and heroin (0.1%) use. The use of hallucinogens and inhalants is more common among teens (SAMHSA 2007). The rates and types of substance used vary among different sociodemographic characteristics such as marital status, level of education, employment status, method of hospital payment, and ethnicity (NIH 1996). In 2006–2007, the annual rate of drug use during pregnancy was highest among non-Hispanic white women (6.2%), slightly higher than in the non- Hispanic African American women (5.7%). An earlier survey on drug use during pregnancy found that the rate of cocaine use was highest among African Americans (4.5%) and in the those older than 25 years of age, whereas the younger age group had the highest rate of marijuana use (3.5%) (NIH 1996). In utero exposure to illicit substances may be associated with adverse effects on the developing brain through various mechanisms, with resultant physical and or cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. This chapter focuses on cognitive and behavioral outcomes in childhood and adolescence following prenatal illicit drug exposure. However, it is essential to realize that most women who use drugs are polydrug users; that is, they also use tobacco and/or alcohol, or a combination of other illicit drugs.
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Walter, Elizabeth A., and C. Neill Epperson. "Psychopharmacology during pregnancy: infant considerations." In Pediatric Psychopharmacology: Principles and Practice, 642–53. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195141733.003.0048.

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Abstract Over 10 million women in the United States will suffer from the symptoms of mental illness during their childbearing years (Bourdon et al., 1992; U.S. Census Bureau, 2000) and more than 50% of pregnancies are unplanned. These two facts emphasize the importance of educating women’s health care providers regarding the risks associated with mental illness and the medications used to treat these disorders. As all psychoactive medications readily cross the placenta, the impact on the fetus of any medication prescribed to a pregnant woman must be considered and discussed. Documentation that the patient is capable of weighing and understanding the risks and benefits of taking medication during pregnancy should be recorded in the patient’s medical record. Adverse effects to the fetus associated with drug exposure in utero can be organized into three general classes: (1) fetal teratogenicity, (2) neonatal toxicity, and (3) behavioral teratogenicity. Medications are considered teratogenic when exposure to the drug during organogenesis (first 12 weeks of gestation) results in an increased incidence of major birth defects compared with the baseline risk in the general population. The incidence of major birth defects in the United States is 2%–4%, with the cause of 65%–70% being unknown (American Medical Association, 1983). Neonatal toxicity refers to difficulties in physical and behavioral adjustment shortly after delivery, while behavioral teratogenicity refers to longterm neurobehavioral disturbances related to antenatal drug exposure.
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Moffa, Donald A. "Preventing Toxic Drug Interactions and Exposures." In Current Clinical Medicine, 1298–303. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4160-6643-9.00207-1.

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Aydn, Ahmet, Hande Sipahi, and Mohammad Charehsaz. "Nanoparticles Toxicity and Their Routes of Exposures." In Recent Advances in Novel Drug Carrier Systems. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51230.

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Conference papers on the topic "In Utero Drug Exposures"

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Belousova, Elena, Paul Robinson, Brett G. Toelle, Cheryl Salome, Nathan J. Brown, Gregory King, Stephen Leeder, and Guy B. Marks. "The Effects Of In Utero And Post-Natal Tobacco Smoke Exposures On Airway Mechanics At Age 8 Years." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a1771.

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Nguyen, Nguyen, Anni Warri, Robert Clarke, Katherine Cook, Idalia Cruz, Sonia de Assis, Dominic Kim, et al. "Abstract 1390: In utero estrogenic exposures increase tamoxifen resistance in a new pre-clinical model of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1390.

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Gustafson, Daniel L., and Luke A. Wittenburg. "Abstract A35: Comparative drug exposures in mouse, dog, and human CHOP protocols for lymphoma therapy." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: The Translational Impact of Model Organisms in Cancer; November 5-8, 2013; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3125.modorg-a35.

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Tsuei, Timothy W. "Design and Fabrication of a LIGA-Fabricated Microvalve for Drug Delivery Applications." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1286.

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Abstract In this paper, we will describe the design and development of a normally closed, low power microvalve for drug delivery applications. This microvalve is fabricated using a modified LIGA technique. Multiple, precision, off-axis X-ray exposures of PMMA resist are used to define a tapered valve seat and plunger. The final valve assembly consists of hybrid components of a bulk micromachined Si membrane, conventionally machined channels and LIGA-defined valve seats and plungers. An external micro electromagnet was used to control plunger displacement, thereby providing flow control. Total size of the entire valve, including the actuator, is 8 × 8 × 10 mm. This represents a very conservative attempt at miniaturization. The next-generation design will be scaled down by at least one half with minimal modifications to the current process.
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Alexander, Melannie, Wilfried Karmaus, J. W. Holloway, Sharon Matthews, Syed Hasan Arshad, and Susan Ewart. "In Utero Smoke Exposures Modify The Effect Of Glutathione S-Transterases MU (GSTM) 2-5 Polymorphisms On Lung Function At Age 10 And 18: A Birth Cohort Study." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a1346.

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Reports on the topic "In Utero Drug Exposures"

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Misoprostol and teratogenicity: Reviewing the evidence. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2003.1003.

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Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog marketed as Cytotec® for the prevention and treatment of gastric ulcers, is inexpensive and registered for use in over 80 countries. Many scientific articles show the preparation to be safe and effective for various reproductive health indications, including cervical softening and early pregnancy termination. Owing to the extensive body of published literature on these indications, misoprostol is now widely used for several reproductive health indications. The abortifacient properties of misoprostol are well known to medical professionals and frequently to the public. As noted in this meeting report, because the drug is available at low cost, many women have opted for self-administration of the method to terminate their pregnancies. The pharmaceutical industry and the public health community have raised the concern that if such an abortion attempt fails and the pregnancy results in a live birth, exposure of the fetus to misoprostol in utero could increase the risk of birth anomalies. The most extensively documented accounts of self-medication with misoprostol for induced abortion have come from Brazil, thus the case of Brazil provides a unique opportunity for studying the potential teratogenicity of misoprostol.
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Hazardous Drug Exposures in Healthcare Program. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2016123.

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Managing hazardous drug exposures: information for healthcare settings. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2023130.

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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-2009-0148-3158, chemotherapy drug exposures at an oncology clinic - Florida. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta200901483158.

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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-2010-0017-3133, evaluation of police officers' exposures to chemicals while working inside a drug vault - Kentucky. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta201000173133.

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