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Journal articles on the topic 'In-stream experiments'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kuo, S. P. "Oscillating two-stream instability in ionospheric heating experiments." Physics of Plasmas 9, no. 4 (2002): 1456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1453471.

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2

Packman, AI, and NH Brooks. "Colloidal particle exchange between stream and stream bed in a laboratory flume." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 1 (1995): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950233.

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The exchange of fine natural particles between the surface and pore waters of a sand-bed stream has been investigated in a laboratory flume. At the beginning of each experiment, kaolinite clay is added to the recirculating surface water flowing over a sand bed with dunes. Transport of clay into the bed is then determined by measuring the decrease of clay concentration in the surface water with time. Two conclusions can be drawn from the experiments done to date. First, although the kaolinite particles are too small to settle appreciably in the surface flow, they can be trapped to a great exten

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3

Sánchez-Silva, F., I. Carvajal-Mariscal, M. Toledo-Velázquez, D. Libreros, M. Toledo-Velázquez, and H. Saidani-Scott. "Experiments in a combined up stream downstream slug flow." EPJ Web of Conferences 45 (2013): 01082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20134501082.

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4

Cafiero, Gioacchino, and Andrew W. Woods. "Experiments on mixing in wakes in shallow water." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 804 (September 9, 2016): 351–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.505.

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We report on a series of laboratory experiments in which we investigate the mixing in a wake produced downstream of an obstacle in a uniform flow. The fluid is confined within a channel of finite width, and the water depth is small compared with the channel width. The mixing appears to be dominated by dispersion caused by the circulation of the eddies that are shed alternately from each side of the obstacle. However, due to bottom friction, these eddies gradually dissipate downstream. In turn, the intensity of the cross-stream mixing of the tracer decays in the downstream direction, limiting t

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5

GRAZIOSI, PAOLO, and GARRY L. BROWN. "Experiments on stability and transition at Mach 3." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 472 (November 30, 2002): 83–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002002094.

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The results of an experimental study of stability, receptivity and transition of the flat-plate laminar boundary layer at Mach 3 are discussed. With a relatively low free-stream disturbance level (∼0.1%), spectra, growth rates and amplitude distributions of naturally occurring boundary layer waves were measured using hot wires. Physical (mass-flux) amplitudes in the boundary layer and free stream are reported and provide stability and receptivity results against which predictions can be directly compared. Comparisons are made between measurements of growth rates of unstable high-frequency wave

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6

Coat, C. A., and G. D. Lock. "Flow visualisation experiments for turbine film cooling." Aeronautical Journal 108, no. 1086 (2004): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000192400000021x.

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Abstract Flow visualisation experiments related to turbine film cooling have been conducted. These investigated the fluid mechanics of coolant ejection using a large-scale, flat-plate model at engine-representative Reynolds numbers in a low-speed tunnel with ambient-temperature mainstream flow. The coolant trajectories were captured using a fine nylon mesh covered with thermochromic liquid crystals, allowing measurement of gas temperature contours in planes perpendicular to the flow. Three injection geometries were assessed: cylindrical holes with stream-wise injection, cylindrical holes with

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7

Eder, A., M. Exner-Kittridge, P. Strauss, and G. Blöschl. "Re-suspension of bed sediment in a small stream – results from two flushing experiments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 3 (2014): 1043–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1043-2014.

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Abstract. Streams draining small watersheds often exhibit multiple peaking sedigraphs associated with single peaking hydrographs. The process reasons of the multiple sediment peaks are not fully understood but they may be related to the activation of different sediment sources such as the stream bed itself, where deposited sediments from previous events may be available for resuspension. To understand resuspension of stream bed sediments at the reach scale we artificially flooded the small stream of the HOAL Petzenkirchen catchment in Austria by pumping sediment-free water into the stream. Two

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8

Thomas, G. F., B. Famaey, R. Ibata, F. Renaud, N. F. Martin, and P. Kroupa. "Stellar streams as gravitational experiments." Astronomy & Astrophysics 609 (January 2018): A44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731609.

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Kinematically cold tidal streams of globular clusters (GC) are excellent tracers of the Galactic gravitational potential at moderate Galactocentric distances, and can also be used as probes of the law of gravity on Galactic scales. Here, we compare for the first time the generation of such streams in Newtonian and Milgromian gravity (MOND). We first computed analytical results to investigate the expected shape of the GC gravitational potential in both frameworks, and we then ran N-body simulations with the Phantom of Ramses code. We find that the GCs tend to become lopsided in MOND. This is a

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9

Eder, A., M. Exner-Kittridge, P. Strauss, and G. Blöschl. "Re-suspension of bed sediment in a small stream – results from two flushing experiments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 10 (2013): 12077–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-12077-2013.

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Abstract. Streams draining small watersheds often exhibit multiple peaking sedigraphs associated with single peaking hydrographs. The process reasons of the multiple sediment peaks are not fully understood but they may be related to the activation of different sediment sources such as the streambed itself where deposited sediments from previous events may be available for resuspension. To understand resuspension of stream bed sediments at the reach scale we artificially flooded the small stream of the HOAL Petzenkirchen catchment in Austria by pumping sediment-free water into the stream. Two s

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10

van der Veen, C. J., and I. M. Whillans. "Model experiments on the evolution and stability of ice streams." Annals of Glaciology 23 (1996): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500013343.

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A simple model is developed based on the notion that on active ice streams the resistance to flow is partitioned between basal drag and lateral drag. The relative roles of these sources of resistance is determined by a friction parameter that effectively describes the strength of the bed under the ice stream. Reduction in the basal strength is caused by meltwater production, taken proportional to the product of basal drag and ice speed. The width of the ice stream is governed by the balance between entrainment or erosion of ice from the slow-moving inter-stream ridges and advection from the ri

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11

van der Veen, C. J., and I. M. Whillans. "Model experiments on the evolution and stability of ice streams." Annals of Glaciology 23 (1996): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500013343.

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A simple model is developed based on the notion that on active ice streams the resistance to flow is partitioned between basal drag and lateral drag. The relative roles of these sources of resistance is determined by a friction parameter that effectively describes the strength of the bed under the ice stream. Reduction in the basal strength is caused by meltwater production, taken proportional to the product of basal drag and ice speed. The width of the ice stream is governed by the balance between entrainment or erosion of ice from the slow-moving inter-stream ridges and advection from the ri

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12

Hunn, Julia G., Samuel J. Macaulay, and Christoph D. Matthaei. "Food Shortage Amplifies Negative Sublethal Impacts of Low-Level Exposure to the Neonicotinoid Insecticide Imidacloprid on Stream Mayfly Nymphs." Water 11, no. 10 (2019): 2142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102142.

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Interactions of pesticides with biotic or anthropogenic stressors affecting stream invertebrates are still poorly understood. In a three-factor laboratory experiment, we investigated effects of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid, food availability, and population density on the New Zealand mayfly Deleatidium spp. (Leptophlebiidae). Larval mayflies (10 or 20 individuals) were exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of imidacloprid (controls, 0.97 and 2.67 μg L−1) for nine days following five days during which individuals were either starved or fed with stream algae. Imidacloprid exposur

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13

Mulholland, Patrick J., Robert O. Hall, Daniel J. Sobota, et al. "Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by 15N addition experiments: Denitrification." Limnology and Oceanography 54, no. 3 (2009): 666–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.3.0666.

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14

Hartmann, William Morris, and Douglas Johnson. "Stream Segregation and Peripheral Channeling." Music Perception 9, no. 2 (1991): 155–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285527.

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Two interleaved melodies, with theory tones alternating as ABAB..., can be individually followed and identified if auditory stream segregation takes place. Stream segregation can occur if the tone conditions are favorable, for example, if the tones of the different melodies are in different octaves. Using an interleaved melody identification task, we have measured the extent to which 12 different tone conditions lead to stream segregation. The purpose of the experiment is to discover whether stream segregation is mediated entirely by channeling that is established in the auditory periphery or

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15

Abdel-Rahman, A. A., and M. E. Eleshaky. "Diffusion characteristics of a plane jet discharged in a wavy crossflowing stream." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 218, no. 4 (2004): 411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440620421800406.

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an experimental investigation has been undertaken to study the effect of a wavy crossflow on a plane jet discharged vertically downwards in a water channel. Two groups of experiments were performed: one group for a jet discharged into a uniform crossflow; the second group for a jet discharged into a wavy crossflow. Experiments were conducted for four jet-to-crossflow-velocity ratios. For each experiment, measurements using a laser Doppler anemometry system were made at six stations downstream of the exit of the jet nozzle. During the course of the experiments, the channel flow velocity was mai

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16

Gawne, B. "Effects of feeding by Agapetus species (Trichoptera) on the density of epilithon in an Australian upland stream." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 7 (1995): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950991.

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The effects of feeding by an abundant glossosomatid trichopteran on the density of epilithon on cobbles in an upland stream were evaluated by using both exclosures and flow-through in-stream channels. The in-stream channel experiment found that Agapetus kimminsi Banks had the ability to reduce significantly the density of epilithon on experimental substrata and that this effect was more pronounced on the sides of experimental substrata. The exclosure experiment found that excluding Agapetus monticolus Banks from experimental substrata within the stream had no effect on epilithon density. The d

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17

Clarke, W. Craig, Ruth E. Withler, and John E. Shelbourn. "Genetic Control of Juvenile Life History Pattern in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 11 (1992): 2300–2306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-252.

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To investigate the genetic basis for the difference in photoperiod responses between juvenile ocean-type and stream-type chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), we conducted two crossing experiments and exposed the progeny to either a short- or long-day photoperiod for 10 wk from the time of first feeding. The first experiment examined the photoperiod response of pure and reciprocal crosses among red- and white-fleshed Quesnel River (stream-type) chinook salmon. The second experiment tested the photoperiod response of pure and reciprocal crosses between Quesnel River (stream-type) and Conum

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18

Liu, X., and W. Rodi. "Experiments on transitional boundary layers with wake-induced unsteadiness." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 231 (October 1991): 229–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112091003385.

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Hot-wire measurements were carried out in boundary layers developing along a flat plate over which wakes passed periodically. The wakes were generated by cylinders moving on a squirrel cage in front of the plate leading edge. The flow situation studied is an idealization of that occurring on turbomachinery blades where unsteady wakes are generated by the preceding row of blades. The influence of wake-passing frequency on the boundary-layer development and in particular on the transition processes was examined. The hot-wire signals were processed to yield ensemble-average values and the fluctua

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19

Weitbrecht, Volker, Scott A. Socolofsky, and Gerhard H. Jirka. "Experiments on Mass Exchange between Groin Fields and Main Stream in Rivers." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 134, no. 2 (2008): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2008)134:2(173).

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20

El-Shaarawi, M. A. I., M. M. Kemry, and S. A. El-Bedeawi. "Experiments on Laminar Flow about a Rotating Sphere in an Air Stream." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 201, no. 6 (1987): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1987_201_146_02.

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Laminar flow about a rotating sphere which is subjected to a uniform stream of air in the direction of the axis of rotation is investigated experimentally. Measurements of the velocity components within the boundary layer and the separation angle were performed at a Reynolds number, Re, of 10 000 and Ta/Re 2 of 0, 1 and 5. These measurements are compared with the numerical solutions of the same problem where either theoretical potential or actual experimental boundary conditions are imposed on the governing equations.

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21

Hall, Robert O., Jennifer L. Tank, Daniel J. Sobota, et al. "Nitrate removal in stream ecosystems measured by 15N addition experiments: Total uptake." Limnology and Oceanography 54, no. 3 (2009): 653–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.3.0653.

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22

Dmitriev, Alexander S., Boris Ye Kyarginsky, Andrey I. Panas, and Sergey O. Starkov. "Experiments on Direct Chaotic Communications in Microwave Band." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 13, no. 06 (2003): 1495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127403007345.

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We discuss a concept of Direct Chaotic Communications (DCC) that is based on the following ideas: (1) chaotic oscillator generates signals directly in a specified microwave band; (2) information component is put in the chaotic signal by means of formation of an appropriate stream of chaotic radio pulses; (3) envelope detection is used. The principle of communications is confirmed experimentally in microwave band. Transmission rates up to 100 Mbps are demonstrated.

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23

Hildrew, Alan G., Guy Woodward, Julie H. Winterbottom, and Stuart Orton. "Strong density dependence in a predatory insect: large-scale experiments in a stream." Journal of Animal Ecology 73, no. 3 (2004): 448–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00819.x.

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24

Lancaster, Jill, and Alan G. Hildrew. "Characterizing In-stream Flow Refugia." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 8 (1993): 1663–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-187.

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Flow in nine streams was examined in relation to refugia for invertebrates. Areas of bed maintaining low hydraulic stress throughout the discharge hydrograph could provide flow refugia for animals during spates. In one stream, near-bed shear stress and velocity were repeatedly measured in discrete patches. Three types were identified: "fast" patches maintained high hydraulic stress, "variable" patches showed the greatest change in stress, and "slow" patches maintained low stress and thus were potential refugia. Average stress increased with discharge, but potential refugia were prominent throu

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25

Kohler, Jack. "Determining the extent of pressurized flow beneath Storglaciären, Sweden, using results of tracer experiments and measurements of input and output discharge." Journal of Glaciology 41, no. 138 (1995): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000016129.

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AbstractTwo experiments were conducted on the drainage system beneath the Lower part of the ablation zone of Storglaciären, a small valley glacier in northern Sweden. In the first experiment, over 70 tracer tests were performed in a cluster of moulins during a 1 month period, at sub-daily intervals. In the second experiment, input- and output-discharge signals were measured on the supraglacial melt stream emptying into a moulin and on the proglacial stream to which the moulin drains. The data from these two experiments are used in an idealized model of the subglacial drainage system to calcula

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Kohler, Jack. "Determining the extent of pressurized flow beneath Storglaciären, Sweden, using results of tracer experiments and measurements of input and output discharge." Journal of Glaciology 41, no. 138 (1995): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000016129.

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AbstractTwo experiments were conducted on the drainage system beneath the Lower part of the ablation zone of Storglaciären, a small valley glacier in northern Sweden. In the first experiment, over 70 tracer tests were performed in a cluster of moulins during a 1 month period, at sub-daily intervals. In the second experiment, input- and output-discharge signals were measured on the supraglacial melt stream emptying into a moulin and on the proglacial stream to which the moulin drains. The data from these two experiments are used in an idealized model of the subglacial drainage system to calcula

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27

Wang, Fei, and Xi Chen Yang. "A New Modular Coaxial Feeder Nozzle in Laser Cladding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (September 2011): 954–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.954.

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The powder feeder head is studied, which is one of the key to laser cladding. In view of many coaxial nozzles that are used nowadays, we have found that while cladding is doing, most of the nozzles have poor affect on powder-gathering. So as have researched on the theoretical and experiments, we designed a new coaxial nozzle, which has a great affect on powder-gathering, and can be modular disassembled. We have researched on powder stream theoretically, shot the morphology of powder stream by using high-resolution CCD camera, and analyzed the parameters of powder stream. And this new coaxial n

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28

Edwards, Patrick M., and Rodney Shroufe. "Three Simple Experiments to Examine the Effect of Sediment Pollution on Algae-Based Food Webs in Streams." American Biology Teacher 78, no. 1 (2016): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2016.78.1.57.

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Streams and stream macroinvertebrates are ideal natural systems for ecological inquiry. We present three simple experiments that students can use to conduct field-based investigations which illustrate the importance of algae-based food webs in streams and measure the effects of sediment pollution (scour and deposition) on stream ecological processes. Over the past 5 years, we have conducted these experiments 19 times with our students. We report on the results and reliability of these experiments and make suggestions for other educators who may want to conduct them.

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29

Sharma, Prerana, K. Avinash, and D. N. Gupta. "Oscillating two-stream instability in strongly coupled plasma." Laser and Particle Beams 36, no. 3 (2018): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034618000368.

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AbstractOscillating two-stream instability (OTSI) of a high amplitude laser or a plasma wave is investigated in plasmas with strongly coupled ions. It is shown that in some parameter regime, the pressure of strongly coupled ions becomes negative, which leads to enhance the bunching of ion and concomitant destabilization of OTSI. Applications of these results to ion accelerator and inertial confinement fusion experiments are discussed.

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30

Larkin, P. A., and D. W. McKone. "An Evaluation by Field Experiments of the McLay Model of Stream Drift." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 5 (1985): 909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-115.

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The model of McLay (J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 27: 359–370) for describing the drift of stream organisms was tested in a variety of field experiments in which organisms were disturbed from the substrate and/or the natural drift was blocked. In each situation, appropriate corrections may be made for the catch of drift organisms by the sampling nets. Disturbed animals drifted at a rate much less than stream velocity. The logarithm of the distance travelled was a linear function of the logarithm of mean stream velocity and conformed to the McLay model. Similarly, the model adequately described expe

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31

Pattyn, Frank. "Numerical modelling of a fast-flowing outlet glacier: experiments with different basal conditions." Annals of Glaciology 23 (1996): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500013495.

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Recent observations in Shirase Drainage Basin. Enderby Land, Antarctica, show that the ice sheet is thinning at the considerable rate of 0.5–1.0 m a−1. Surface velocities in the stream area reach more than 2000 ma−1, making Shirase Glacier one of the fastest-flowing glaciers in East Antarctica. A numerical investigation of the present stress field in Shirase Glacier shows the existence of a large transition zone 200 km in length where both shearing and stretching are of equal importance, followed by a stream zone of approximately 50 km, where stretching is the major deformation process.In orde

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32

Pattyn, Frank. "Numerical modelling of a fast-flowing outlet glacier: experiments with different basal conditions." Annals of Glaciology 23 (1996): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500013495.

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Recent observations in Shirase Drainage Basin. Enderby Land, Antarctica, show that the ice sheet is thinning at the considerable rate of 0.5–1.0 m a −1. Surface velocities in the stream area reach more than 2000 ma−1, making Shirase Glacier one of the fastest-flowing glaciers in East Antarctica. A numerical investigation of the present stress field in Shirase Glacier shows the existence of a large transition zone 200 km in length where both shearing and stretching are of equal importance, followed by a stream zone of approximately 50 km, where stretching is the major deformation process.In ord

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33

Ibrahim, Zein Al Abidin, and Patrick Gros. "TV Stream Structuring." ISRN Signal Processing 2011 (June 16, 2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/975145.

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TV stream structuring consists in detecting precisely the first and the last frames of all the programs and the breaks (commercials, trailers, station identification, bumpers) of a given stream and then in annotating all these segments with metadata. Usually, breaks are broadcasted several times during a stream. Thus, the detection of these repetitions can be considered as a key tool for stream structuring. After the detection stage, a classification method is applied to separate the repetitions in programs and breaks. In their turn, breaks repetitions are then used to classify the segments wh

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34

Balamurugan, G., and Alakesh C. Mandal. "Experiments in bypass boundary layer transition under a stream with and without shear." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 822 (April 11, 2017): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/822/1/012015.

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35

WINTERBOTTOM, JULIE, STUART ORTON, and ALAN HILDREW. "Field experiments on the mobility of benthic invertebrates in a southern English stream." Freshwater Biology 38, no. 1 (1997): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00191.x.

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36

Hattanji, Tsuyoshi, Mariko Ueda, Wonsuh Song, et al. "Field and laboratory experiments on high dissolution rates of limestone in stream flow." Geomorphology 204 (January 2014): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.08.027.

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37

Hollingsworth, Deidre E., Sean P. McAuliffe, and Barbara J. Knowlton. "Temporal Allocation of Visual Attention in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 13, no. 3 (2001): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/08989290151137359.

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In two experiments, we examined the ability of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to preocess multiple targets appearing in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream. Using a standard attentional blink (AB) task, subjects were required to both identify a target in the RSVP stream and detect a probe appearing in one of several posttarget serial positions. In Experiment 1, ADHD adults exhibited a protracted AB compared to controls, in that their probe detection did not improve as a function of increasing probe-to-target intervals (450-720 msec). In Experiment 2, t

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38

Oropeza-Vazquez, C., E. Afanador, L. Gomez, et al. "Oil-Water Separation in a Novel Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (LLCC©) Compact Separator—Experiments and Modeling." Journal of Fluids Engineering 126, no. 4 (2004): 553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1777233.

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The hydrodynamics of multiphase flow in a Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (LLCC) compact separator have been studied experimentally and theoretically for evaluation of its performance as a free water knockout device. In the LLCC, no complete oil-water separation occurs. Rather, it performs as a free-water knockout, delivering a clean water stream in the underflow and an oil rich stream in the overflow. A total of 260 runs have been conducted, measuring the LLCC separation efficiency for water-dominated flow conditions. For all runs, an optimal split-ratio (underflow to inlet flow rate ratio)

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39

Nevers, Meredith B., Kasia Przybyla-Kelly, Dawn Shively, Charles C. Morris, Joshua Dickey, and Murulee N. Byappanahalli. "Influence of sediment and stream transport on detecting a source of environmental DNA." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0244086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244086.

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Environmental DNA (eDNA) can be used for early detection, population estimations, and assessment of potential spread of invasive species, but questions remain about factors that influence eDNA detection results. Efforts are being made to understand how physical, chemical, and biological factors—settling, resuspension, dispersion, eDNA stability/decay—influence eDNA estimations and potentially population abundance. In a series of field and controlled mesocosm experiments, we examined the detection and accumulation of eDNA in sediment and water and the transport of eDNA in a small stream in the

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40

Fentie, B., C. W. Rose, K. J. Coughlan, and C. A. A. Ciesiolka. "The role of the geometry and frequency of rectangular rills in the relationship between sediment concentration and stream power." Soil Research 35, no. 6 (1997): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97019.

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We examined, both experimentally and theoretically, whether rilling results in higher soil erosion than would have occurred without rilling. The possibility of rilling occurs when overland flow-driven erosion processes are dominant over erosion due to raindrop impact, and that is the situation assumed in this paper. Stream power (or a quantity related to stream power such as shear stress) is commonly used to describe the driving variable in flow-driven erosion. Five flume experiments were designed to investigate the relationship between stream power and sediment concentration and how this rela

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41

Downs, Robert S., and Edward B. White. "Free-stream turbulence and the development of cross-flow disturbances." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 735 (October 24, 2013): 347–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.484.

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AbstractThe cross-flow instability that arises in swept-wing boundary layers has resisted attempts to describe the path from disturbance initiation to transition. Following concerted research efforts, surface roughness and free-stream turbulence have been identified as the leading providers of initial disturbances for cross-flow instability growth. Although a significant body of work examines the role of free-stream turbulence in the cross-flow problem, the data more relevant to the flight environment (turbulence intensities less than 0.07 %) are sparse. A series of recent experiments indicate

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Prins, N., and J. F. Juola. "Attention Switching vs Attention Sharing in Searching Dual RSVP Streams." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (1996): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96p0304.

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Ideas about how visual attention is distributed over space include spotlight, zoom lens, and various resource allocation models. Spotlight and serial allocation models assume that attention is narrowly focused and switches from one object to another in visual search. Zoom lens and parallel allocation models, on the other hand, describe a flexible gradient within which attention can be shared among several items simultaneously. We report two experiments in which simultaneous rapid serial visual presentations (RSVPs) of two streams of digits were used, one above and one below a fixation point. I

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A-Izzeddin, Emily J., and Philip M. Grove. "The Relationship Between Illusory Crescents and the Stream/Bounce Effect." Multisensory Research 34, no. 4 (2020): 423–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-bja10040.

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Abstract We conducted two experiments to evaluate Meyerhoff and Scholl’s (2018, Cognition 170, 88–94) hypothesis that illusory crescents contribute to resolutions in audiovisual stream/bounce displays. In Experiment 1, we measured illusory crescent size in the launching effect as a function of speed, overlap, and sound. In Experiment 2, we tabulated stream and bounce responses to similar stimuli with the same speed, sound, and overlap conditions as Experiment 1. Our critical manipulation of target speed spanned the range of values from typical stream/bounce investigations of ∼5 degrees/s up to

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March, James G., Jonathan P. Benstead, Catherine M. Pringle, and Mark W. Ruebel. "Linking shrimp assemblages with rates of detrital processing along an elevational gradient in a tropical stream." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 3 (2001): 470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-263.

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We experimentally excluded freshwater shrimp assemblages (Atyidae, Xiphocarididae, and Palaemonidae) to examine their effects on detrital processing and benthic insect biomass at three sites along an elevational gradient in a tropical stream in Puerto Rico. We also determined which shrimp taxon was responsible for leaf decay in a subsequent laboratory experiment. At the high-elevation site, the shrimp assemblage was dominated by Atya spp. and Xiphocaris elongata, and leaf decay rates were significantly faster in the presence of shrimps than in their absence. Laboratory experiments showed that

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Fitt, A. D., J. R. Ockendon, and T. V. Jones. "Aerodynamics of slot-film cooling: theory and experiment." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 160 (November 1985): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112085003366.

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A simple model is proposed for the two-dimensional injection of irrotational inviscid fluid from a slot into a free stream. In a certain range of values of the ratio of free-stream to injection total heads, the film thickness satisfies a nonlinear integral equation whose solution enables the mass flow in the film to be found. Some experiments are described which both agree with this theory when it is relevant and indicate its deficiencies at other values of the total head ratio.

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Müller, T., A. Virkkula, and J. A. Ogren. "Constrained two-stream algorithm for calculating aerosol light absorption coefficient from the Particle Soot Absorption Photometer." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 12 (2014): 4049–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-4049-2014.

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Abstract. We present a new correction scheme for filter-based absorption photometers based on a constrained two-stream (CTS) radiative transfer model and experimental calibrations. The two-stream model was initialized using experimentally accessible optical parameters of the filter. Experimental calibrations were taken from the literature and from dedicated experiments for the present manuscript. Uncertainties in the model and calibration experiments are discussed and uncertainties for retrieval of absorption coefficients are derived. For single-scattering albedos lower than 0.8, the new CTS m

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Müller, T., A. Virkkula, and J. A. Ogren. "Constrained two-stream algorithm for calculating aerosol light absorption coefficient from the Particle Soot Absorption Photometer." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 6, no. 6 (2013): 11093–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-11093-2013.

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Abstract. We present a new correction scheme for filter-based absorption photometers based on a constrained two-stream (CTS) radiative transfer model and experimental calibrations. The two-stream model was initialized using experimentally accessible optical parameters of the filter. Experimental calibrations were taken from literature and from dedicated experiments for the present manuscript. Uncertainties of the model and calibration experiments are discussed and uncertainties for retrieval of absorption coefficients are derived. For single scattering albedos lower than 0.8, the new CTS metho

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Dogan, Eda, R. Jason Hearst, and Bharathram Ganapathisubramani. "Modelling high Reynolds number wall–turbulence interactions in laboratory experiments using large-scale free-stream turbulence." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2089 (2017): 20160091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0091.

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A turbulent boundary layer subjected to free-stream turbulence is investigated in order to ascertain the scale interactions that dominate the near-wall region. The results are discussed in relation to a canonical high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer because previous studies have reported considerable similarities between these two flows. Measurements were acquired simultaneously from four hot wires mounted to a rake which was traversed through the boundary layer. Particular focus is given to two main features of both canonical high Reynolds number boundary layers and boundary layers s

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Litunovsky, V. N., V. E. Kuznetsov, B. V. Lyublin, I. B. Ovchinnikov, and V. A. Titov. "Study of shielding layer plasma parameters in experiments on intensive plasma stream-material interaction." Fusion Engineering and Design 34-35 (March 1997): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(96)00652-7.

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Gunell, H., M. Larsson, and N. Brenning. "Experiments on anomalous electron currents to a positive probe in a magnetized plasma stream." Geophysical Research Letters 27, no. 2 (2000): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999gl010694.

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