Journal articles: 'In-Situ-Test methods'

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Li, Qiang, You Hong Sun, and Xin Fang. "In Situ Thermal Response Test Methods And Practices." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3087.

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Abstract. As a high efficiency, low consumption and clean energy, ground source heat pump technology has been pay more and more attention, the number of installation of system is growing rapidly. However, the use of geothermal resources is still extensive at this stage. Effective methods are pure in obtaining thermal physical parameters of geothermal wells around. In-situ thermal response testing is close to the real use of heat pumps, when injecting in or extracting heat from geothermal wells, the testing equipment will collect data, and then thermal physical parameters will be accurately calculate. This paper introduce a thermal response testing equipment, the equipment will add a constant cold or heat to geothermal well, circulating heat flow and pressure data is collected as well as temperature. And then thermal physical parameters of formation and heat exchanging performance are calculated.

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Tang, Yan Chun, Gao Tou Meng, and Ji Chang Gong. "Study on Consolidation Coefficient by Different Test Methods." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 1778–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.1778.

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Through indoor consolidation test and CPTU model test and CPTU in-situ test, the soil consolidation coefficient has been studied. Compared with the consolidation coefficient by indoor test equipment and CPTU, because in-situ test has been made by CPTU, but in indoor consolidation test the error caused by the disturbance and little size of clay soil sample has been existed, the soil consolidation coefficient by CPTU can reflected the soil consolidation characteristics more accurate than by indoor consolidation test. Compared with the consolidation coefficient by remolded clay soil of CPTU model test and the natural and un-disturbed clay soil of CPTU in-situ test on CPTU application research project on Pearl River Delta, the dissipation speed of excess pore pressure in CPTU model test is faster than in CPTU in-situ test; the horizontal consolidation coefficient value of clay soil by CPTU model test and CPTU in-situ test is close in the same magnitude order. The test result by CPTU model test is close to the result by CPTU in-situ test. The achieved result can provide a foundation for further study for soil consolidation coefficient by CPTU.

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Amasaki, Shoji, Kazuhiro Kuzume, and Toyoaki Miyagawa. "Diagnosing in Situ Concrete by Some Non-Destructive Test Methods." Concrete Research and Technology 5, no. 1 (1994): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/crt1990.5.1_15.

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Li, Zhao Yan, Yu Run Li, and Long Wei Chen. "In Situ Test Methods in Bachu-Jiashi Earthquake Liquefied Evaluation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2128.

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The serious soil liquefaction phenomenon in Bachu-Jiashi earthquake on 24th February, 2003, which is the most prominent phenomena of sand liquefaction since the Tangshan Great Earthquake in 1976. Based on the earthquake liquefied investigation, inspect SPT and CPT applicability in situ tests. The results show that our country SPT specification and CPT specification of non-liquefied sites evaluation rate is higher than liquefied sites evaluation success rate, the liquefied sites evaluation rate are 88% and 88% respectively, but for liquefied sites evaluation rate are 38% and 55%. The result is tends to danger and the reason need further investigation, so establish a suitable liquefied prediction method should be to the future work in the local area.

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Glaser, Steven D., and Riley M. Chung. "Estimation of Liquefaction Potential by in Situ Methods." Earthquake Spectra 11, no. 3 (August 1995): 431–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585822.

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This report examines the state-of-the-art of in situ methods of estimating liquefaction potential in sands. In situ methods are especially important since “undisturbed” samples of loose sand for laboratory testing are virtually unobtainable. Various penetration test methods are examined, such as the SPT, DMT, and the CPT and variants. These methods are completely empirical in nature, and have worked well to date. The current state-of-practice is an SPT-based method. Intrusive, seismic-based tests are also examined: the cross-hole, down-hole tests, and down-hole logger. The seismic velocity-based predictors have a stronger physical basis than the penetration test-based estimation methods, but need a larger database. A non-intrusive test, the Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves technique, seems especially suited for examining sites of large areal extent.

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Abdel Rahim, Khalid Abdel Naser. "Evaluating Concrete Quality using Nondestructive In-situ Testing Methods." Revista Tecnología y Ciencia, no. 36 (October 10, 2019): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33414/rtyc.36.22-40.2019.

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This manuscript investigate the quality of concrete using non-destructive in-situ testing.The in-situ testing is a process by which different test are carried out such as rebound hammer, ultrasonic pulse veloc-ity, initial surface absorption test and fig air, to determine thein-situ strength, durability and deterioration, air permeability, concrete quality control andperformance. Additionally, the quality of concrete was researched using test methods with experimental results. Moreover, this research has found that (1) the increase in w/c ra-tioleads to a decrease in compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. Thus, lower w/cratio gives a bet-ter concrete strength in terms of quality, (2) the quicker the ultrasonic pulse travels through concrete indicates that the concrete is denser, therefore, better quality, (3) the lower initial surface absorption value indicates a better concrete with respect to porosity and (4) the w/c ratio plays an important role in the strength and per-meability of concrete.

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Robertson, P. K. "In situ testing and its application to foundation engineering." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 23, no. 4 (November 1, 1986): 573–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t86-086.

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The status of in situ testing and its application to foundation engineering are presented and discussed. The in situ test methods are discussed within the framework of three groups: logging, specific, and combined test methods. The major logging test methods discussed are standard penetration test (SPT), cone penetration test (CPT), and the flat plate dilatometer test (DMT). The major specific test methods discussed are the prebored pressuremeter test (PMT), the self-bored pressuremeter test (SBPMT), and the screw plate load test (SPLT). Discussion is also presented on recent tests that combine features of logging tests (using the CPT) and specific tests (e.g. the seismic, the electrical resistivity/dielectric, and the lateral stress sensing cone penetration tests). A brief discussion is also presented on the applicability, as perceived by the author, of existing in situ test methods and the future of in situ testing applied to foundation engineering. Key words: in situ testing, foundation engineering, penetration testing, pressuremeter.

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Marsland, A. "The Choice of Test Methods in Site Investigations." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 2, no. 1 (1986): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.1986.002.01.52.

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AbstractThe appropriate choice of sampling methods, laboratory tests and in situ tests depends upon the type of structure or earthwork being considered, the nature of the ground influenced by the construction and the required accuracy of the prediction. To obtain optimum results requires considerable experience of the design requirements and potential construction problems as well as the test methods and their range of application. Some methods are particularly useful for obtaining continuous profiles and giving a rough indication of the engineering properties while others are designed to provide more basic soil parameters. The results obtained may be sensitive to changes in equipment details, test procedures and methods of interpretation.When empirical relationships are invoked, care is necessary to ensure that identical equipment and procedures have been used and that the correlations have been obtained in similar soils. The degree to which the volumes of soil tested are representative of the soil in the mass is important. Factors such as the orientation of the maximum stresses applied during the tests relative to the directions of the macro fabric features, the degree of stress anisotropy, the directions of the stresses applied to the structure and the effects of disturbance during sampling and insertion of in situ devices need careful consideration.Test data from the most appropriate in situ and laboratory tests should be integrated with soil fabric studies in order to produce the best overall assessments.

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Petkovšek, Ana, Matej Maček, and Jasna Smolar. "TESTING METHODS FOR MECHANICALLY IMPROVED SOILS: RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 10 (October 15, 2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.10.0016.

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A possibility of in-situ mechanical improvement for reducing the liquefaction potential of silty sands was investigated by using three different techniques: Vibratory Roller Compaction, Rapid Impact Compaction (RIC) and Soil Mixing. Material properties at all test sites were investigated before and after improvement with the laboratory and the in situ tests (CPT, SDMT, DPSH B, static and dynamic load plate test, geohydraulic tests). Correlation between the results obtained by different test methods gave inconclusive answers.

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Deng, Jun. "Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Structural Adhesives." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.814.

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One of the greatest drawbacks to predicting the behaviour of bonded joints has been the lack of reliable data on the mechanical properties of adhesives. In this study, methods for determining mechanical properties of structural adhesive were discussed. The Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and tensile strength of the adhesive were tested by dogbone specimens (bulk form) and butt joint specimens (in situ form). The shear modulus and shear strength were test by V-notched specimens (bulk form) and thick adherend lap-shear (TALS) joint specimens (in situ form). The test results show that the elastic modulus provided by the manufacturer is too low, the dogbone specimen is better than the butt joint specimen to test the tensile strength and elastic modulus and the TALS joint specimen is better than the V-notched specimen to test the shear strength.

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Chen, De Fang. "Discussion on the Bearing Capacity Determination Methods of Shallow Foundation in Shanghai Region." Applied Mechanics and Materials 339 (July 2013): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.339.623.

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Representative engineering geological data of Shanghai were collected in this article for analyzes differences between shallow land basic bearing capacity of soil between test values and situ test values. Microstructure of soil geographical is analysis by conventional physical and mechanical tests laboratory. Collect on-site load plate test results of Shanghai shallow foundation soil, and take inversion analysis of the carrying capacity and regression analysis to calculate the bearing capacity of foundation soil test values and in situ values rationality, do a preliminary study on the current bearing capacity calculation and selection.

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Dhir, R. K., P. C. Hewlett, and Y. N. Chan. "Near-surface characteristics of concrete: assessment and development of in situ test methods." Magazine of Concrete Research 39, no. 141 (December 1987): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/macr.1987.39.141.183.

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Shah, Jyotsna S., Olivia Mark, Eddie Caoili, Akhila Poruri, Richard I. Horowitz, Alan D. Ashbaugh, and Ranjan Ramasamy. "A Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Test for Diagnosing Babesiosis." Diagnostics 10, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10060377.

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Apicomplexan parasites of the genus Babesia cause babesiosis in humans and animals. The microscopic examination of stained blood smears, detection of serum antibodies by immunoassays, and PCR-based identification of parasite nucleic acid in blood are common laboratory methods for diagnosing babesiosis. The present study evaluated a commercially available Babesia genus-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test for detecting Babesia parasites in blood smears. The FISH test detected Babesia duncani and Babesia microti, two common species that cause human infections in the USA, and other Babesia species of human and veterinary importance in less than two hours. The Babesia genus-specific FISH test supplements other existing laboratory methods for diagnosing babesiosis and may be particularly useful in resource-limited laboratories.

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Dhir, R. K., P. C. Hewlett, Y. N. Chan, F. D. Lydon, M. Al Odaallah, M. Levitt, and J. Figg. "Discussion: Near-surface characteristics of concrete: assessment and development of in situ test methods." Magazine of Concrete Research 40, no. 145 (December 1988): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/macr.1988.40.145.234.

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Monteny, J., E. Vincke, A. Beeldens, N. De Belie, L. Taerwe, D. Van Gemert, and W. Verstraete. "Chemical, microbiological, and in situ test methods for biogenic sulfuric acid corrosion of concrete." Cement and Concrete Research 30, no. 4 (April 2000): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-8846(00)00219-2.

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Ahmad Afip, Irfan, Siti Noor Linda Taib, Kamaruzaman Jusoff, and Liyana Ahmad Afip. "Measurement of Peat Soil Shear Strength Using Wenner Four-Point Probes and Vane Shear Strength Methods." International Journal of Geophysics 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3909032.

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The general objective of this research was to measure the peat soil shear strength using Wenner four-point probes and vane shear strength methods. Specifically, the objective of this study was two-fold, namely, (a) investigating the relationship between laboratory soil resistivity and undrained shear strength and (b) determineing the relationship between in-situ soil resistivity and undrained shear strength. Data were randomly collected over six locations in Meranek, Sarawak, for in-situ test and three repetitions for each data were set based on three parameters. The selected parameters were soil density, moisture content, and salinity for both laboratory and in-situ test using Wenner four-point probes and vane shear method. The soil resistivity and vane shear strength readings for laboratory test were correlated with soil salinity, moisture content, and density. The R2 values showed a good correlation for soil salinity (R2 =0.8468) and density (R2 =0.9475), respectively. However, a weak correlation of R2 =0.1205 was observed for soil moisture. The R2 value for in-situ correlation between soil resistivity and three parameters (soil salinity, moisture content, and density) was R2 =0.8916. It can be concluded that the peat soil shear strengths of the study area using Wenner four-point probes from in-situ were (4.38 ohm.m) and laboratory was (2.47 ohm.m) and when using the vane shear strength method, in-situ was (23 kPA) and laboratory was (5 kPA). This study implies that the peat soil of the study area can be categorized as texture (soft loamy soil) and it is suitable for agriculture instead of construction. The relationship established between Wenner four-point probes and vane shear method can be beneficial for ground engineering design to enhance investigation on site suitability. Future work on DUALEM-421 technique should be emphasised for better subsurface exploration accuracy and resolve peat depth for an in-situ test.

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Möri, Andreas, Martin Mazurek, Kunio Ota, Marja Siitari-Kauppi, Florian Eichinger, and Markus Leuenberger. "Quantifying the Porosity of Crystalline Rocks by In Situ and Laboratory Injection Methods." Minerals 11, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11101072.

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The porosity and pore geometry of rock samples from a coherent granodioritic rock body at the Grimsel Test Site in Switzerland was characterised by different methods using injection techniques. Results from in situ and laboratory techniques are compared by applying innovative in situ resin impregnation techniques as well as rock impregnation and mercury injection under laboratory conditions. In situ resin impregnation of the rock matrix shows an interconnected pore network throughout the rock body, consisting mainly of grain-boundary pores and solution pores in magmatic feldspar, providing an important reservoir for pore water and solutes, accessible by diffusion. Porosity and pore connectivity do not vary as a function of distance to brittle shear zones. In situ porosity was found to be about 0.3 vol.%, which is about half the porosity value that was determined based on rock samples in the laboratory. Samples that were dried and impregnated in the laboratory were affected by artefacts created since core recovery, and thus showed higher porosity values than samples impregnated under in situ conditions. The extrapolation of laboratory measurements to in situ conditions requires great care and may not be feasible in all cases.

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Kawanda, Aksan. "RECENT ADVANCES OF CAST-IN-SITU PILE INTEGRITY TEST IN INDONESIA." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (CESD) 1, no. 1 (September 15, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/cesd.v1i1.3241.

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<p class="Abstract"><em>Deep foundations, especially cast-in-situ piles became popular and key support for most structures in limited land, so as Jakarta. The piles quality became highly dependent on the soil condition and the skill of the contactors. It’s underneath the ground and this makes inspection to its quality became much more difficult. There is many methods for inspection, either by destructive method, i.e. coring, to non-destructive method like low strain integrity test (PIT), cross-hole sonic logging (CSL) and latest is thermal integrity profiler (TIP). Some advances in applicating and evaluating the pile integrity discussed here as well as its advantages and limitations.</em></p>

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Shahri, Mojtaba P., and Stefan Z. Miska. "In-Situ Poisson's Ratio Determination From Interference Transient Well Test." SPE Journal 20, no. 05 (October 20, 2015): 1041–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/166074-pa.

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Summary Poisson's ratio is usually determined with well logging, fracturing data, and core samples. However, these methods provide us with a Poisson's ratio that is representative of only near-wellbore regions. In this paper, a technique is proposed by extending currently used pressure-transient-testing concepts to include reservoir stresses. More specifically, the interference well test is generalized to find not only conventional flow parameters such as reservoir transmissivity and storage capacity, but also the average in-situ Poisson's ratio. This is accomplished with the generalized diffusivity equation, which takes into account flow-induced stress changes. First, a generalized diffusivity equation is formulated by considering a deformable porous medium. The main goal of the generalized diffusivity equation is to extend current well-testing methods to include both fluid-flow and rock-mechanics aspects, and to present a way to determine the rock-mechanics-related property, Poisson's ratio, from the interference-well test. The line-source solution to the diffusivity equation is used to modify the current interference well-test technique. A synthetic example is presented to show the main steps of the proposed transient well-testing analysis technique. In addition, application of the proposed method is illustrated with interference-well-test field data. With a Monte Carlo simulation, effects of uncertainty in the input data on the prediction of Poisson's ratio are investigated, as well. In addition, a coupled fluid-flow/geomechanical simulation is performed to show the validity of the proposed formulation and corresponding improvement over the current analytical approach. One can put in practice an average in-situ value in different applications requiring accurate value of Poisson's ratio on the reservoir scale. Some examples of these include in-situ-stress-field determination, stress distribution and rock-mass deformation, and the next generation of coupled fluid-flow/geomechanical simulators. By use of Poisson's ratio that could capture flow-induced stress changes, we would be able to find the stress distribution caused by production/injection within the reservoir more precisely as well.

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(Fear) Wride, C. E., P. K. Robertson, K. W. Biggar, R. G. Campanella, B. A. Hofmann, J. MO Hughes, A. Küpper, and D. J. Woeller. "Interpretation of in situ test results from the CANLEX sites." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 505–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t00-044.

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One of the primary objectives of the Canadian Liquefaction Experiment (CANLEX) project was to evaluate in situ testing techniques and existing interpretation methods as part of the overall goal to focus and coordinate Canadian geotechnical expertise on the topic of soil liquefaction. Six sites were selected by the CANLEX project in an attempt to characterize various deposits of loose sandy soil. The sites consisted of a variety of soil deposits, including hydraulically placed sand deposits associated with the oil sands industry, natural sand deposits in the Fraser River Delta, and hydraulically placed sand deposits associated with the hard-rock mining industry. At each site, a target zone was selected and various in situ tests were performed. These included standard penetration tests, cone penetration tests, seismic downhole cone penetration tests (giving shear wave velocity measurements), geophysical (gamma-gamma) logging, and pressuremeter testing. This paper describes the techniques used in the in situ testing program at each site and presents a summary and interpretation of the results.Key words: CANLEX, in situ testing, shear wave velocity, geophysical logging, pressuremeter.

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Szpunar, Tadeusz, and Paweł Budak. "Methods for evaluation of “in situ” coal permeability in underground coal mines using hydrodynamic test data." Nafta-Gaz 74 (June 2018): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2018.06.04.

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Nie, Zhi Hong. "Comparison Experimental Study on Subgrade Compaction Quality Test Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 4679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.4679.

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The principles of the continuous test methods for compaction degree is introduced based on subgrade engineering cases. The compaction parameter CMV associated with subgrade compaction is obtained through spectrum analysis on the response of a vibratory drum during compaction operations. Comparative analysis is conducted on CMV and the in situ test index Evd, which verifies that the continuous test index CMV has a high reliability and a good correlation with Evd and can objectively and comprehensively reflect the subgrade compaction quality and provides necessary basis for the application of the continuous quality test methods for subgrade.

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Luan, Shuai, Fenglai Wang, Tiehong Wang, Zhao Lu, and Weihou Shui. "Characteristics of Gravelly Granite Residual Soil in Bored Pile Design: An In Situ Test in Shenzhen." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (October 16, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7598154.

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Granite residual soil is widely distributed in south China and is treated as a special soil. Its design parameters in rotary drilling bored piles are a matter of debate due to lack of in-situ pile load tests. Back-analysis of test piles is a reliable means of studying the geotechnical capacity of granite residual soil for pile design. In this study, a series of in situ tests was conducted comprising six full-scale instrumented test piles in gravelly granite residual soil in Shenzhen to consider the effects of different construction methods. The six piles were constructed with three different rotary drilling methods. Two commonly used design methods were investigated in the back-analysis: the SPT and effective stress methods. The results of the loading tests and strain gauges were used to obtain the back-analyzed parameters of the ultimate shaft resistance and ultimate base resistance for gravelly granite residual soil with these two design methods.

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Imamoto, K., K. Shimozawa, J. Yamasaki, and S. Nimura. "State-of-the-art-report on Non-destructive In-situ Air Permeability Test Methods for “Covercrete”." Concrete Journal 44, no. 2 (2006): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.44.2_31.

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Köhler, Daniel, Robert Kupfer, Juliane Troschitz, and Maik Gude. "In Situ Computed Tomography—Analysis of a Single-Lap Shear Test with Clinch Points." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081859.

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As lightweight design gains more and more attention, time and cost-efficient joining methods such as clinching are becoming more popular. A clinch point’s quality is usually determined by ex situ destructive analyses such as microsectioning. However, these methods do not yield the detection of phenomena occurring during loading such as elastic deformations and cracks that close after unloading. Alternatively, in situ computed tomography (in situ CT) can be used to investigate the loading process of clinch points. In this paper, a method for in situ CT analysis of a single-lap shear test with clinched metal sheets is presented at the example of a clinched joint with two 2 mm thick aluminum sheets. Furthermore, the potential of this method to validate numerical simulations is shown. Since the sheets’ surfaces are locally in contact with each other, the interface between both aluminum sheets and therefore the exact contour of the joining partners is difficult to identify in CT analyses. To compensate for this, the application of copper varnish between the sheets is investigated. The best in situ CT results are achieved with both sheets treated. It showed that with this treatment, in situ CT is suitable to properly observe the three-dimensional deformation behavior and to identify the failure modes.

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Yang, Renshu, Shizheng Fang, Aiyun Yang, Huanzhen Xie, and Liyun Yang. "In Situ Stress Effects on Smooth Blasting: Model Test and Analysis." Shock and Vibration 2020 (January 7, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2124694.

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Most of the roadway excavation is completed by the drilling and blasting method. With the increase of buried depth, the existence of ground stress will generate a significant impact on the rock blasting, especially on the smooth blasting. In this study, self-made homogeneous similar materials and digital image correlation methods were used to determine influence of ground stress on the smooth blasting under uniform explosive charge parameters and various in situ stress conditions. The results show that the crack outline after blasting changes from zigzag to straight in shape, and multifractal calculation results of the rupture section between blastholes show that the fracture surface becomes flatter as ground stress increases, which is conducive to roadway formation. The strain and equivalent strain rate obviously decrease as the distance between the blasthole and measuring points increases. The same trend occurs as the confining pressure goes up. Meanwhile, a postexplosion acoustic wave test indicates that confining pressure inhibits damage of the retained rock, which is consistent with strain and equivalent strain rate results. Finally, we discussed the crack propagation mechanism of rock in smooth blasting.

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Lai, Li Sze, Yin Fong Yeong, Kok Keong Lau, and Mohd Shariff Azmi. "Preliminary Study on the Synthesis of ZIF-8 Membranes via In Situ and Secondary Seeded Growth Methods." Advanced Materials Research 1133 (January 2016): 649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.649.

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In this work, synthesis of ZIF-8 membranes via in situ and secondary seeded growth methods was conducted at the preliminary stage. Synthesis durations were varied at 4 h and 36 h using in situ growth method. For secondary growth, the seeding procedure was applied through rubbing and dip-coating of the seeds on the support. The resultant membranes were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Subsequently, the defects of the resultant membranes were determined using nitrogen gas permeation test. The results showed that, ZIF-8 membrane synthesized using in situ growth method for 4 h exhibited highest crystallinity and lower defects with the nitrogen gas permeance of 5.09 × 10-7 mol/m2·s·Pa. Besides, in situ growth method has shown its potential in synthesizing high quality ZIF-8 membrane through an easy and faster route.

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Li, Yuan, Lan Qiao, and Zhi Li Sui. "Integrated Application of Three In Situ Stress Measurement Techniques." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.949.

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The CSIRO overcoring stress relief and hydraulic fracturing methods are the most popular methods used for the measurement of in-situ stress at depth. One major advantage of the CSIRO overcoring stress relief method is that the three dimensional state of stress can be obtained, but the measurement must be done in an excavated tunnel[1]. Hydraulic fracturing method can be carried out on the ground surface, but it assumed that one of the principal stresses direction is vertical[2,3]. In terms of the disadvantages of the two methods, the techniques based on core orientation and acoustic emission behavior of rocks are incorporated in the in-situ stress measurement in order to obtain the in-situ stress conditions at depth in Shuichang Iron Mine. According to the comparison of the measurement data obtained from the acoustic emission test in the laboratory and CSIRO overcoring stress relief measurement in the field, effectiveness of the acoustic emission test is confirmed. In addition, the relationships between in-situ stresses and tectonic settings are analyzed. Finally, the distribution of in-situ stresses in Shuichang Iron Mine is given, which provides a meaningful guideline for the following mining and design.

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Chang, M. F. "Interpretation of overconsolidation ratio from in situ tests in Recent clay deposits in Singapore and Malaysia." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-028.

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The stress history as indicated by the profile of overconsolidation ratio (OCR) of a soil deposit is one of the most dominant factors that influence the engineering behaviour of the soil. Its assessment, which is traditionally based on the laboratory oedometer test, is not often satisfactory. The problem arises from inevitable sample disturbance and the high cost of a detailed investigation. These difficulties can be overcome by the use of in situ tests. The field vane test, the piezocone test, and the dilatometer test are three such methods that provide indirect means for the estimation of the OCR for clay deposits. A number of empirical correlations are available for this purpose. Calibration of these correlations against results of site investigation in Singapore and Malaysian marine clays reveals the usefulness of these test methods in profiling the OCR for Recent clay deposits. Key words: clay, in situ test, overconsolidation ratio, preconsolidation pressure, stress history.

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Vona, Marco. "Characterization of In Situ Concrete of Existing RC Constructions." Materials 15, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 5549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165549.

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The strengths and mechanical characteristics of concrete play a key role in the safety levels for the recovery and reuse of existing RC buildings and civil engineering works. This is one of the main focuses of the current research trend. To this aim, the characteristics of concrete must be investigated: the characterization of the concrete and its in situ conditions play a key role. For these reasons, many studies on in situ and laboratory test methods and procedures have been carried out over the last two decades. In the past few years, non-destructive investigation methods have been considered reliable and used in many engineering applications, also for RC constructions. More recent codes and guidelines identify destructive test methods as a reference for practice application. However, non-destructive investigation methods can be used though exclusively in combination with destructive tests to support them. In this study, a significant database is considered to assess the reliability of the relationship between destructive and non-destructive methods for in situ concrete in existing RC constructions. The results of the analyses are used to verify the effectiveness of the methods and prediction models and suggest more effective test procedures. It can be stated that many of the existing empirical methods (based on pre-established correlations) are unable to provide a reliable evaluation of the compressive concrete strength and its variability. In practical applications, non-destructive methods often lead to unsatisfactory results for the existing reinforced concrete constructions. Finally, based on the results, some first operational indications are provided for practical investigations and future possible codes and guideline improvements.

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Garga, Vinod K., and Mahbubul A. Khan. "Laboratory evaluation of K0 for overconsolidated clays." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 5 (October 1, 1991): 650–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-079.

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Most of the laboratory testing methods available for the evaluation of in situ horizontal stresses are applicable to normally consolidated or lightly overconsolidated clays. This paper describes a new laboratory method for the determination of in situ horizontal stresses of heavily overconsolidated clays using a stress-path triaxial apparatus. The proposed method is based on the concept that if the radial stress exceeds the in situ horizontal stress, while maintaining the axial stress constant and equal to the in situ vertical effective stress, only then will the sample experience significant axial strain. The results obtained for undisturbed samples of an overconsolidated clay crust are found to be in agreement with some available methods. For verification of the applicability of the proposed method, K0 was determined for artificially prepared samples that had been subjected to known stress paths simulating field stress history. Key words: K0, overconsolidation, in situ stress, in situ test, clay crust, laboratory test.

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Na, Yung-Mook, Victor Choa, Cee-Ing Teh, and Ming-Fang Chang. "Geotechnical parameters of reclaimed sandfill from the cone penetration test." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t04-064.

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Sandfill at reclaimed sites is usually formed by more than one placement method. Reclaimed sandfill is often highly variable, and the cone penetration test is most commonly used for site characterization. Correlations among the cone resistance and geotechnical parameters for sand are influenced by the in situ stress level, and it is important to incorporate the stress-level effect. In this study, cone penetration tests were performed at several levels from the top of a 10 m high surcharge, which was later removed step by step, and in situ density was determined layer by layer at the Changi East reclamation site in Singapore. Different ways of normalizing the cone resistance by the corresponding in situ stress were investigated. Specialized in situ tests including the self-boring pressuremeter test, the cone pressure meter test, the seismic cone penetration test, and the plate load test were conducted to provide the reference deformation characteristics of sandfill. Results of the in situ tests indicate that the sand density and the cone resistance profiles vary between areas formed by different sand placement methods. Site-specific correlations developed based on comparison of normalized cone resistance with the reference data obtained from laboratory tests and other in situ tests are found to be suitable for the evaluation of relevant soil parameters.Key words: stress normalization, cone resistance, correlations, geotechnical parameter, in situ characterization, granular soil.

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Baihaqi, Ahmad Ichsan, Dyah Utami Cahyaning Rahayu, and E. Budianto. "Effect of Drug Loading Method on Drug Dissolution Mechanism of Amoxicillin Trihydrate Encapsulated in Chitosan-Poly(N-Vinylpyrrolidone) Full-IPN Hydrogel as a Floating Drug Delivery System Matrix." Materials Science Forum 964 (July 2019): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.964.251.

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Amoxicillin trihydrate suits to be encapsulated into a modified matrix to increase its bioavailability. In this study, the effect of drug loading methods on drug dissolution mechanism from chitosan-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) hydrogel with CaCO3 as the effervescent agent has been studied. It was found that the encapsulation efficiency of in situ and post loading methods were 93% and 75%, respectively. The dissolution values were 94% and 98%, respectively for in situ and post loading. The dissolution test data was incorporated into zero-order, first-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models to evaluate the kinetic and the mechanism of the drug dissolutions. The in situ loading method fits well to first-order model (R2 = 0.9772), while the post loading method fits well to Higuchi model (R2 = 0.9880). Based on Korsmeyer-Peppas model, the dissolution mechanism of in situ loading was Fickian diffusion (n = 0.4024), while post loading was a combination of diffusion and erosion (n = 0.5532). From the SEM images, it showed that the surface and cross-sectional of the post loading method hydrogel formed pores and pore channels, both before and after the dissolution test. Meanwhile, on the surface and the cross-sectional of in situ loading method hydrogel had pores and pore channels only after dissolution test.

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Li, Zhao Yan, Wei Ming Wang, Yu Run Li, and Long Wei Chen. "Study on In Situ Test Based on Survey of Bachu Earthquake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 852–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.852.

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Based on survey of the Bachu-Jiashi earthquake liquefaction sites, much new basic liquefaction information were obtained and China’s liquefaction database was enriched. A detailed investigation of the Bachu earthquake liquefaction site was conducted, in which three kinds of in situ test measures were used to obtain the site information, and given China mainland SPT data of liquefaction site increase by 40%. By site investigation, international standard liquefaction site CPT data were obtained, and also, the first measurement of liquefaction site data by SPT and CPT index was conducted. With the new data, the feasibility of liquefaction discrimination methods of China was inspected.

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35

Zhang, Min, and Tao Qiu. "Research on Test Method of Foundation Bed Coefficient in Nanjing Soft Soil Area." Geofluids 2021 (November 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9932619.

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Relying on the geotechnical engineering survey project of Nanjing Lukou Airport, this research adopts the method of combining in situ and indoor testing to analyze the coefficient of soil foundation under different conditions (flow plastic, plastic, and soft plastic). Based on the differences in test results, in situ and indoor test methods appropriate for the benchmark bed coefficient of Nanjing soft soil area are proposed. Research findings depicted that the bed coefficients obtained by different methods are not similar; therefore, if the data obtained by different methods need to be compared and analyzed, they have to be unified as K 30 . Simultaneously, in the indoor test, this study compared the foundation bed coefficient obtained by the consolidation method, the improved K 0 instrument consolidation method, and the triaxial method. Results revealed that the improved K 0 instrument consolidation method can better realize the test of the soil foundation coefficient. This study can provide a reference for geotechnical investigation and design of soft soil in the study area.

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Larsson, Rolf L. "Calculation of Settlements of Shallow Foundations on Sand and Silt Based on In Situ Test Results." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1614, no. 1 (January 1998): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1614-03.

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Calculations of settlements of foundations on sand and silt are often made with methods that do not take into account the curved load-settlement relations. With reasonable accuracy, these methods can be used to calculate settlements only for the “normal” ground pressures for which they have been elaborated. For lower ground pressures the settlements become overestimated and for higher pressures they become increasingly underestimated. However, new design rules often contain varying demands for acceptable settlements depending on the type of structure. The failure criteria for bearing capacity are also more often defined in terms of large relative settlements than of actual failure. This leads to higher demands for accurate predictions of settlements over a wide range of possible ground pressures. New methods of predicting the load-settlement curves for shallow foundations have been proposed and two of these methods have been compared and calibrated against the results of a series of plate load tests in Sweden. Both methods appear to greatly improve the possibilities of accurate predictions of settlements and failure loads based on settlement criteria.

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Furushima, Tsuyoshi, and Yutaro Hirose. "Development of In-situ Observation Methods of Surface Roughening Behavior By Hand-size Stretching Test for Metal Foils." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1063 (July 2018): 012130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1063/1/012130.

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E, Nishma, and Amna K. Sonu. "Evaluation of Bearing Capacity for Cast In-Situ Bored Piles." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 4481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51306.

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Abstract: Pile is a structural element constructed to overcome heavy loads from super structure, when proper bearing strata is not available at shallow depth. The prediction of bearing capacity of a bored cast in-situ pile is a complex problem, as it depends on installation method, concrete quality, ground condition and pile geometry. It is considered that the reliable method for finding bearing capacity is pile load test, which is time consuming and costly. The bearing capacity can also be analysed by empirical and analytical methods using soil data and SPT data. In this paper, empirical methods and graphical methods are used to evaluate beating capacity of cast in-situ bored piles. For empirical methods - IS code method, Meyerhof method, Bazaraa and Kurkur method are employed and for graphical methods - Hansen’s method, Chin-Kondner’s method, Decourt’s Extrapolation method are employed. All these methods are summarized for comparison with the pile load test values. A database of 3 bored piles is collected from different sites in Kerala. The above chosen SPT methods are calibrated by trial and error method to propose a new formula. A pile structural design also proposed.

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Wen, Yong, Guanghua Yang, and Zhihui Zhong. "Study on Calculation Method of Foundation Nonlinear Settlement Based on In Situ Loading Test." Geofluids 2023 (February 2, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7845944.

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In this paper, a nonlinear deformation modulus method is proposed for foundation settlement calculation. In the proposed method, the nonlinear deformation modulus under different stress levels is obtained from the load-settlement curve of in situ loading test, which are then applied to the layerwise summation method for calculating foundation settlement. On this basis and referring to the Duncan-Chang model, a variable modulus constitutive model suitable for numerical calculation of foundation settlement is further proposed. The required parameters of this model are the same as those of the nonlinear deformation modulus method and can be determined by the in situ loading test. The validity of the proposed calculation methods of foundation settlement is verified by the in situ loading tests under different plate sizes. The results illustrate that both the nonlinear deformation modulus method and the variable modulus constitutive model compare quite well with the test results, and the deduced results can better reflect the nonlinearity of foundation settlement.

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An, Yan Yong, and Bao Tian Wang. "Experimental Research on Determining the Geotechnical Parameters with CPTU Methods." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1798.

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Cone penetration test is a fast and efficient in-situ test technique. With the development of sensor technology and the use of new probes, such test is employed in more fields and reveals more soil parameters. Based on the advanced CPTU equipment, porewater pressure dissipation processes were measured at different depths, dissipation characteristics of the sandy soil and cohesive soil were analyzed respectively; Then, consolidation and permeability coefficients of the cohesive soil were calculated, the results are close to the laboratory test results. Undrained shear strength of soft clay were determined use theoretical and empirical methods, calculation accuracy of these methods were analyzed and the results show that the total cone tip resistance method is in good consistence with the measured values. CPTU is able to provide plenty of geotechnical parameters; therefore, more experience of regional tests should be drawn so as to produce more economic and technical benefit in the future.

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Gustavvson, Jan. "Air Filters for Ventilating Systems — Laboratory and in Situ Testing." International Nonwovens Journal os-8, no. 2 (June 1999): 1558925099OS—80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925099os-800214.

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Over the past few decades, many laboratory test methods have been developed to measure and characterize air filters using different synthetic dusts. Today, with concern about indoor air quality (IAQ) and air pollution on the rise, new standards are being developed to test the ability of air filters to remove particles in the laboratory as well as in situ. Still, laboratory tests that use coarse dusts can give very misleading results, and the rated efficiency for a filter can decrease dramatically in real-world applications. For better understanding and prevention of IAQ problems, test methods should be extended to include particle shape, type, and properties.

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Feng, Jing, Qian Sheng, Chao Wen Luo, and Jing Zeng. "The Application of Hydraulic Fracturing in Storage Projects of Liquefied Petroleum Gas." Key Engineering Materials 306-308 (March 2006): 1509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.1509.

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It is very important to study the pristine stress field in Civil, Mining, Petroleum engineering as well as in Geology, Geophysics, and Seismology. There are various methods of determination of in-situ stress in rock mass. However, hydraulic fracturing techniques is the most convenient method to determine and interpret the test results. Based on an hydraulic fracturing stress measurement campaign at an underground liquefied petroleum gas storage project which locates in ZhuHai, China, this paper briefly describes the various uses of stress measurement, details of hydraulic fracturing test system, test procedure adopted and the concept of hydraulic fracturing in arriving at the in-situ stresses of the rock mass.

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Xie, Jun, Guo Liang Wang, Xiao Hua Zheng, and Yi Shu Zhou. "Compactness Inspection Methods for Epoxy-Bonded Steel Plates of Bridge Strengthening." Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (September 2011): 1313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1313.

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Construction quality of epoxy-bonded steel plates is not easy to check for absence of inspection standard in situ. In this paper inspection methods of the critical evaluation factor-bond compactness of epoxy- bonded steel plates, hammer test based multi-level grids and infrared holography, are proposed by theory analysis ,specimen experiments and practical validation in engineering. In final he suggestion on the practical usage of these two methods are also presented.

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Zhang, Yuezheng, Hongguang Ji, and Hanhua Xu. "Study on the Law of Rock Anelastic Recovery and the Characteristics of In Situ Stress Field of 2000 m Deep Stratum in Metal Mines of Coastal Area." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (April 12, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2152814.

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In situ stress field in deep strata is dominated by self-weight stress and tectonic stress, which is the dynamic source of a series of mining dynamic disasters such as rock burst, mine earthquake, and collapse. To develop deep resources and build deep engineering construction, the distribution characteristics of the in situ stress field must first be ascertained, so as to provide a basic basis for the engineering surrounding rock support design and disaster risk prevention and control. In this paper, taking the Sanshandao Gold Mine in the coastal area as the engineering background, in the early stage of the construction of the 2000 m deep shaft, the anelastic strain recovery method was used to measure the deep in situ stress field. The laws and characteristics of hysteretic elastic recovery of rock at different depths are obtained through experiments, and the effects of temperature, time, and other factors on strain recovery are revealed. The in situ stress test results are basically consistent with the traditional test methods. This method has low operational complexity and better application effect in deep formations. The research has accumulated test experience and basis for carrying out in situ stress measurement in the range of 2000 m and even deeper.

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Diaz-Segura, Edgar Giovanny. "Assessment of the range of variation of Nγ from 60 estimation methods for footings on sand." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 7 (July 2013): 793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0426.

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The range of variation of the bearing capacity factor, Nγ, was assessed using 60 estimation methods for rough footings on sand subjected to static vertical loading. The influence on the Nγ values of the use of correlations for the estimation of the friction angle, [Formula: see text], derived from in situ tests was also assessed. The analysis shows a marked dependency on the methods used to determine Nγ, showing differences for the same [Formula: see text] values of up to 267% between estimated values. Uncertainty in the estimation of [Formula: see text], due to the use of correlations with in situ tests, leads to a range of variation for Nγ higher than that seen using the 60 estimation methods. Finally, given the regular use of the in situ standard penetration test (SPT) on sands, and based on a series of analyses using finite elements, a simplified method in terms of the SPT N-values is proposed for estimation of Nγ in footings on sands.

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Wang, Yuting, Changhong Wang, Mengyang Li, Yifu Yu, and Bin Zhang. "Nitrate electroreduction: mechanism insight, in situ characterization, performance evaluation, and challenges." Chemical Society Reviews 50, no. 12 (2021): 6720–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cs00116g.

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In this review, we summarize the reaction mechanism, in situ characterization, theoretical simulation, and kinetics analysis. The performance evaluation parameters, standard test methods, and an outlook for nitrate electroreduction are discussed.

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Al-Atroush, M. E., and M. Aloufi. "Estimation of the Large Diameter Bored Pile Ultimate Capacity Using Different Design Methods: Assessment Study." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1026, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1026/1/012048.

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Abstract In this paper, in situ measurements of two well-instrumented loading tests performed on large diameter bored piles (LDBP) have been utilized to assess the reliability of the predicted ultimate pile capacity using three settlement-based and capacity-based methods. The first test was conducted on a short LDBP with a 1.3m and 9.50 length. This LDBP was constructed in stiff clay soil and loaded till the achievement of the failure. While the second in-situ loading test was performed on a long LDBP with a 1.00 m diameter and 34.00 m length. This LDBP was constructed in multi-layered soil and examined under three axially loading and unloading cycles to obtain the ultimate load settlement relationship. Although this LDBP was loaded with an applied load of three times its working capacity, but no apparent failure was reached at the end of the loading test. Thus, two different methods are adopted to interpret the test data and determine the ultimate pile capacity. The obtained ultimate capacities of the two tests were utilized in an assessment study. The comparative analysis results showed a significant difference between the ultimate capacity obtained using three different methods and field measurements. Out of the three utilized methods in this study, the two settlement-based methods underestimated the LDBP ultimate capacity of the two LDBP cases; conversely, the third capacity-based method overestimated the ultimate capacity of the two LDBP cases.

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Das, Sarat Kumar, Ranajeet Mohanty, Madhumita Mohanty, and Mahasakti Mahamaya. "Multi-objective feature selection (MOFS) algorithms for prediction of liquefaction susceptibility of soil based on in situ test methods." Natural Hazards 103, no. 2 (June 6, 2020): 2371–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04089-3.

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Zhang, Yanjun, Shuren Hao, Ziwang Yu, Jingtao Fang, Jianing Zhang, and Xiaomin Yu. "Comparison of test methods for shallow layered rock thermal conductivity between in situ distributed thermal response tests and laboratory test based on drilling in northeast China." Energy and Buildings 173 (August 2018): 634–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.06.009.

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Garga, Vinod K., and Mahbubul A. Khan. "Interpretation of field vane strength of an anisotropic soil." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-070.

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Determination of the undrained shear strength (Su) of overconsolidated soils such as the weathered clay crust overlying Leda clay is important for the design of shallow foundations and embankments. In situ vane shear tests and isotropically consolidated undrained triaxial tests have been conventionally used for this purpose. Contrasting test results from these two methods, low Su obtained from triaxial tests and high Su obtained from in situ vane shear tests, motivated further research into this problem. Strength anisotropy, due to in situ anisotropic state of stress and orientation of soil fabric during deposition, is believed to be the reason for these contrasting results. Improved testing and interpretation techniques for this type of anisotropic soil have been proposed. Weathered crusts are generally heavily over-consolidated, with K0 values greater than unity. Undrained triaxial shear tests conducted to date by various researchers are either isotropically consolidated or are anisotropically consolidated assuming K0 smaller than unity. Neither of these two methods represents the in situ state of stress of a clay crust. Therefore, in this investigation, the undisturbed samples were reconsolidated anisotropically to the in situ state of stress (K0 > 1) before shearing undrained in the triaxial test. Direct shear tests on horizontal and vertical specimens consolidated to normal stresses equal to σvo′ and σho′, respectively, were also conducted to investigate the strength anisotropy. Field vane tests have been reinterpreted in terms of this strength anisotropy. The undrained shear strength on top and bottom horizontal planes (Suh) obtained from these field vane tests within the crust provided comparable results with those from laboratory triaxial and direct shear tests which were reconsolidated to in situ stresses. Key words : in situ vane test, undrained shear strength, strength anisotropy, rate effect, anisotropic in situ state, weathered clay crust, overconsolidation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'In-Situ-Test methods'

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