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Books on the topic 'In situ injection'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

A, Parker Randy, National Risk Management Research Laboratory (U.S.), and Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program (U.S.), eds. In situ bioremediation by electrokinetic injection. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, [National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 2000.

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2

Inc, Tetra Tech EM. High energy electron injection (E-beam) technology for the Ex-Situ treatment of MtBE-contaminated groundwater: Innovation technology evaluation report. Cincinnati, Ohio: National Risk Management Research Laboratory,Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2002.

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3

Great Britain. Energy Efficiency Office. and Building Research Energy Conservation Support Unit., eds. Energy management at a large plastics injection moulding site. [UK]: Energy Efficiency Office, 1995.

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4

Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Program (U.S.), ed. Accutech pneumatic fracturing extraction and hot gas injection, phase 1. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation, 1993.

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5

Baskerville, Bruce. Evaluation of the site: A pilot HIV prevention programme for injection drug users. Ottawa: Community Health Research Unit, University of Ottawa, 1994.

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6

E, Lucius Jeffrey, Phillips S. J, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Geophysical tracking of the injection of trench stabilization material at U.S. DOE Hanford Site, Richland, Washington. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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7

Rafalko, Leonard. Siege of Acre pre-injection site characterization, Kempton/Coketon Mine Complex: Prepared for : Power Plant Research Program, Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Annapolis, Maryland: Maryland Department of Natural Resources Power Plant Research Program, 2013.

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8

G, Guzman A., U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Regulatory Applications., and University of Arizona. Dept. of Hydrology and Water Resources., eds. Summary of air permeability data from single-hole injection tests in unsaturated fractured tuffs at the Apache Leap research site: Results of steady-state test interpretation. Washington, DC: Division of Regulatory Applications, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1996.

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9

Wassermann, Tobias. Sichere Webanwendungen mit PHP: [Sicherheit mit PHP, MySQL, Apache, JavaScript, AJAX ; sichere Sessions und Uploads, Lösungen gegen SQL-Injection und Cross-Site Scripting ; Umgang mit sensitiven Daten, Verschlüsselung und Authentifizierung mit SSL]. Heidelberg: Mitp, 2007.

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10

Zavataro, Vivian, and Linda Alterwitz. Injection Site: Making the Vaccine Visible. Alterwitz, Linda, 2022.

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11

Souzdalnitski, Dmitri, and Samer N. Narouze. Cervical Interlaminar Epidural Injections: Fluoroscopy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0010.

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Interlaminar cervical epidural steroid injections (CEI) have been considered an effective treatment for neck pain accompanied by radicular pain or radiculopathy secondary to the herniated cervical disc. Also, CEI may be useful in the treatment of intracranial hypotension secondary to a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Computer tomography (CT) uses significantly higher doses of radiation for patients. Fluoroscopy uses less radiation than CT, and helps to correctly identify the site of injection and guide the procedure with, likely, less trauma to ligaments, periosteum, epidural vessels, cervical spinal cord, nerve roots, and other important structures. It may help to avoid technical difficulties and complications associated with CEI in patients with postsurgical conditions, congenital deformities, and others. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) fluoroscopy can help to identify intravascular injection during CEI; it advisable to use it for all CEI if there are no contraindications.

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12

Euster, Caren. Infection in the Intravenous Drug User. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0058.

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Injection drug abuse has spread worldwide and is increasing among young adults and adolescents. This chapter focuses on the management of acute infectious consequences of injection drug use (IDU), including skin and soft tissue infections, endocarditis, and systemic infections. The approach to infection is determined based upon etiology: local (injection site) infections, infections distant to the injection site, systemic infections, complications of primary infections, modifying factors, and infections associated with the patient with IDU’s lifestyle. Infections in patients with a history of injection drug use can affect multiple systems. The most commonly affected systems include the skin (eg, abscess), heart (eg, endocarditis), lung (eg, pneumonia), kidney, and brain (eg, septic emboli secondary to endocarditis).

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13

Madison, Rick Alan. A survey of current nursing practices surrounding low-dose heparin administration and site selection. 1990.

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14

Kahn, S. Lowell. Creation of a Steerable Coaxial Needle System for Indirect Line-of-Site Computed Tomography-Guided Procedures. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0098.

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A standard computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy, aspiration, injection, or drainage procedure typically requires a direct line of access from the skin to the target lesion or collection. Safe performance of these procedures is ideally done without violation of vascular structures or solid or hollow viscous. When a direct pathway to the target is absent, patients are commonly denied the procedure and instead referred to surgery. This chapter describes a solution for CT-guided procedures when a direct line of access to the intended target is unavailable. The technique involves a coaxial needle system with simple modification (curving) of the inner needle.

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15

Lavergne, Pascal, and Hélène T. Khuong. Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. Edited by Meghan E. Lark, Nasa Fujihara, and Kevin C. Chung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190617127.003.0008.

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Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome is an entrapment neuropathy involving the brachial plexus along its trajectory from the cervical spine to the axilla. Clinical presentation includes cervical and upper extremity pain as well as neurologic signs and symptoms in the lower trunk territory. Radiologic and electrophysiologic studies are helpful adjuncts in correctly identifying the site of compression. Initial management is usually conservative, with medication, physical therapy, nerve blocks, or botulinum toxin injection. Surgery often consists of brachial plexus neurolysis and removal of compression points through the supraclavicular approach. Good outcomes can be expected with careful patient selection, but available literature is of limited quality.

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16

Stothard, J. Rheumatoid arthritis of the hand and wrist. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.006005.

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♦ RA is common♦ Medical treatment is the mainstay and newer anti-TNF drugs are reducing morbidity and thus referral for surgery♦ Assessment is primarily clinical♦ Investigations – Primarily radiographs♦ Treatment• Non-operative• Steroid injections are often very useful• Operative• Site and condition specific♦ In general• DRUJ – excision ulna head• Wrist – partial fusion, arthrodesis, arthroplasty• MP joints – synvestomy, arthroplasty• PIP joints – soft tissue rebalancing, arthrodesis• DIP joints – arthrodesis• Thumb MP and IP joints – arthrodesis

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17

Sabharwal, Nikant, Parthiban Arumugam, and Andrew Kelion. Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759942.003.0012.

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As in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET) involves the injection of a radiopharmaceutical, the physiological properties of which determine its distribution within the patient. The labelling radionuclide then allows this distribution to be imaged. The value of cardiac PET as a routine clinical tool, particularly for perfusion imaging, was previously limited by the expense and scarcity of cameras and the short half-lives of the radionuclides with complex radiochemistry. The need for an on-site cyclotron to produce these radiopharmaceuticals made a clinical service non-viable. A number of recent developments, however, have led to renewed interest in cardiac PET. This chapter covers PET instrumentation, detail on the radiopharmaceuticals used in cardiac PET, and a number of sections on F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET covering infection and inflammation imaging.

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18

Richebé, Philippe, and Cyril Rivat. The effects of morphine on the CNS. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0017.

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The 1973 paper by Jacquet and Lajtha, was a pivotal report in understanding the effects of opioids on nociception, as it investigated the effects of morphine on different brain structures. To do this, the authors used a microinjection technique that allowed them to specifically target subcortical sites. The animals used in this study were rats, and evaluation of the nociceptive threshold was based on the behavioural reaction to electrical shock. Two reactions were evaluated: flinch or jump responses. The main result was that, depending on the dose and the site of injection, morphine produced either an increase in nociceptive threshold (analgesia), or a decrease in the nociceptive threshold (hyperalgesia). The authors also reported severe effects characterized by hyper-reactivity and violent uncontrolled jumping in stereotyped circular leaps when morphine was administered in the periaqueductal grey matter.

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19

Wenham, Claire Y. J., and Philip G. Conaghan. Osteoarthritis—management. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0140.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition which often causes pain and functional limitation, significantly impacting on a person's quality of life. A comprehensive assessment of the impact of OA should be performed before selecting therapies and treatment goals. Current recommended therapies include a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, which should be considered for all people with OA, regardless of anatomical site of involvement. Non-pharmacological treatments include education, muscle strengthening and aerobic exercises, weight loss if appropriate, splints and devices, and aids. Pharmacological therapies include paracetamol, oral and topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, topical capsaicin, intra-articular corticosteroid injections, and opioids. Many existing therapies have only a small analgesic effect size and, in the case of drug therapies, may be associated with important side effects, so an individual's symptoms and comorbidities must be taken into account when selecting therapies. For those who do not respond to these treatments, surgery such as a total joint arthroplasty may be required. There is a strong need for new analgesic treatments for OA. As it is becoming increasingly clear that the sources of pain in OA are complex and multifactorial, future treatments for OA will need to target both peripheral and central pain mechanisms.

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20

Al-Nahhas, Adil, and Imene Zerizer. Nuclear medicine. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0070.

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The application of nuclear medicine techniques in the diagnosis and management of rheumatological conditions relies on its ability to detect physiological and pathological changes in vivo, usually at an earlier stage compared to structural changes visualized on conventional imaging. These techniques are based on the in-vivo administration of a gamma-emitting radionuclide whose distribution can be monitored externally using a gamma camera. To guide a radionuclide to the area of interest, it is usually bound to a chemical label to form a 'radiopharmaceutical'. There are hundreds of radiopharmaceuticals in clinical use with different 'homing' mechanisms, such as 99 mTc HDP for bone scan and 99 mTc MAA for lung scan. Comparing pre- and posttherapy scans can aid in monitoring response to treatment. More recently, positron emission tomography combined with simultaneous computed tomography (PET/CT) has been introduced into clinical practice. This technique provides superb spatial resolution and anatomical localization compared to gamma-camera imaging. The most widely used PET radiopharmaceutical, flurodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), is a fluorinated glucose analogue, which can detect hypermetabolism and has therefore been used in imaging and monitoring response to treatment of a variety of cancers as well as inflammatory conditions such as vasculitis, myopathy, and arthritides. Other PET radiopharmaceuticals targeting inflammation and activated macrophages are becoming available and could open new frontiers in PET imaging in rheumatology. Nuclear medicine procedures can also be used therapeutically. Beta-emitting radiopharmaceuticals, such as yttrium-90, invoke localized tissue damage at the site of injection and can be used in the treatment of synovitis.

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21

Rudwaleit, Martin. Enthesitis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0054.

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Enthesitis is one of the key manifestations of spondyloarthritides (SpA) including ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis. Enthesitis can occur alone or in combination with peripheral arthritis, sacroiliitis, or spondylitis. The inflammatory process is typically located at the insertion of the enthesis or ligament to bone, often resulting in osteitis as well. Because of its anatomical and functional complexity the term 'enthesis organ' has been coined. Biomechanical stress applied to the enthesis seems to play an important role for the occurrence of enthesitis in genetically predisposed individuals. Ultrasound imaging of peripheral entheses reveals enthesis abnormalities including entheseal calcification, bony erosion, or bony proliferation. Power Doppler signals demonstrating increased vascularization of inflamed entheses at the insertional site appear to be the most characteristic finding for enthesitis, yet study results are conflicting. Enthesitis-related osteitis and enthesitis at the spine is best visualized by MRI. Enthesitis may resolve spontaneously or may run a chronic course. Standard treatment includes local steroid injections, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and physical therapy. There is little evidence for the efficacy of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in enthesitis. In contrast, anti-TNF agents have proven efficacy, and their use in treatment-resistant enthesitis is recommended in the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of AS and axial SpA and in the EULAR recommendations for psoriatic arthritis.

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22

Rudwaleit, Martin. Enthesitis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0054_update_002.

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Enthesitis is one of the key manifestations of spondyloarthritis (SpA) including ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis. Enthesitis can occur alone or in combination with peripheral arthritis, sacroiliitis, or spondylitis. The inflammatory process is typically located at the insertion of the enthesis or ligament to bone, often resulting in osteitis as well. Because of its anatomical and functional complexity the term ’enthesis organ’ has been coined. Biomechanical stress applied to the enthesis seems to play an important role for the occurrence of enthesitis in genetically predisposed individuals. Ultrasound imaging of peripheral entheses reveals enthesis abnormalities including entheseal calcification, bony erosion, or bony proliferation. Power Doppler signals demonstrating increased vascularization of inflamed entheses at the insertional site appear to be the most characteristic finding for enthesitis, yet study results are conflicting. Enthesitis-related osteitis and enthesitis at the spine is best visualized by MRI. Enthesitis may resolve spontaneously or may run a chronic course. Standard treatment includes local steroid injections, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and physical therapy. There is little evidence for the efficacy of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in enthesitis. In contrast, anti-TNF agents have proven efficacy, and their use in treatment-resistant enthesitis is recommended in the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of AS and axial SpA and in the EULAR recommendations for psoriatic arthritis.

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23

Joyner, Alexandra, ed. Gene Targeting. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199637928.001.0001.

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Since the publication of the first edition of Gene Targeting: A Practical Approach in 1993 there have been many advances in gene targeting and this new edition has been thoroughly updated and rewritten to include all the major new techniques. It provides not only tried-and-tested practical protocols but detailed guidance on their use and applications. As with the previous edition Gene Targeting: A Practical Approach 2e concentrates on gene targeting in mouse ES cells, but the techniques described can be easily adapted to applications in tissue culture including those for human cells. The first chapter covers the design of gene targeting vectors for mammalian cells and describes how to distinguish random integrations from homologous recombination. It is followed by a chapter on extending conventional gene targeting manipulations by using site-specific recombination using the Cre-loxP and Flp-FRT systems to produce 'clean' germline mutations and conditionally (in)activating genes. Chapter 3 describes methods for introducing DNA into ES cells for homologous recombination, selection and screening procedures for identifying and recovering targeted cell clones, and a simple method for establishing new ES cell lines. Chapter 4 discusses the pros and cons or aggregation versus blastocyst injection to create chimeras, focusing on the technical aspects of generating aggregation chimeras and then describes some of the uses of chimeras. The next topic covered is gene trap strategies; the structure, components, design, and modification of GT vectors, the various types of GT screens, and the molecular analysis of GT integrations. The final chapter explains the use of classical genetics in gene targeting and phenotype interpretation to create mutations and elucidate gene functions. Gene Targeting: A Practical Approach 2e will therefore be of great value to all researchers studying gene function.

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