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Journal articles on the topic 'In situ illumination'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 January 2025

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1

Gregor Gatzmann, Jan, Tim Eggebrecht, Armin Feist, Vladyslav Zbarsky, Markus Münzenberg, Claus Ropers, and Sascha Schäfer. "In-Situ Lorentz Microscopy with Femtosecond Optical Illumination." Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, S3 (August 2014): 1578–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614009623.

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2

Kaiser, F., R. Chan, and D. E. Rival. "Progress Towards Full-Scale (In Situ) Flow Measurements." Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 20 (July 11, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.20th.187.

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Recent advances in tracer, illumination, and camera technology, paired with new processing algorithms, have been pushing the limit of scale for three-dimensional flow measurements. The present study reflects on the state-of-the-art and discusses the required steps to enable full-scale, in situ flow measurements in very large measurement volumes. In particular, we focus on industrial and environmental applications, where the measurement time, the processing time, and the costs all have to be minimized. A single-camera approach that enables measurements with natural illumination in very large volumes is presented. The required infrastructure is discussed along with experiments to quantify the experimental errors of the proposed single-camera approach.

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3

Cavaye, Hamish, and Maksim Schastny. "In situ illumination with inelastic neutron scattering: a study of the photochromic material cis-1,2-dicyano-1,2-bis(2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thienyl)ethene (CMTE)." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 39 (2021): 22324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp03716a.

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4

Miller, B., and P. A. Crozier. "In Situ Visible and UV Illumination of ETEM Samples." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, S2 (July 2012): 1074–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612007222.

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5

Shroyer, M., J. K. Furdyna, A. I. Ryskin, and W. W. Warren. "NMR study of bistable defects under in situ illumination." Physica B: Condensed Matter 273-274 (December 1999): 852–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(99)00520-7.

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6

Wang, Zhiqi, Jian Zhao, Lihua Fei, Yanglei Jin, and Dong Zhao. "Deformation Monitoring System Based on 2D-DIC for Cultural Relics Protection in Museum Environment with Low and Varying Illumination." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (August 29, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5240219.

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Quantifying the condition of large cultural relics, such as marine archaeological shipwreck, is important to verify stability and reliability. Deformation monitoring system plays a key role in the preservation and long-term conservation of cultural relics. Two-dimensional digital image correlation (2D-DIC) method has proven its efficiency in being able to provide accurate quantitative information of structural deformations. In this study, a deformation monitoring system with four cameras based on 2D-DIC is developed to perform noncontact, optically based measurement to monitor the deformation of shipwreck in museum environment with low and varying illumination. Because the consistency of the accuracy of 2D-DIC measurements for different locations is the most basic requirement in the application of structural deformation monitoring, selecting the appropriate exposure time and quantifying the bias errors on 2D-DIC measurements should be helpful to the optimal use of this optical nondestructive testing technique. A theoretical criterion is deduced to quantitatively characterize the dependence of interpolation bias upon natural patterns and illuminations. Then, an exposure adjustment scheme is built based on the aforementioned criterion. Numerical experiments reveal that the exposure adjustment scheme is able to provide consistency interpolation error for different natural patterns even though the environmental illumination is different as well. The deformation monitoring system with the proposed exposure adjustment scheme is promising for developing flexible and robust in situ structural health monitoring for use in museum environment with low and varying illumination, making 2D-DIC technique a really useful tool for in situ long-term monitoring of large cultural relics.

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Du, Zhiqiang, Chunlei Xia, Longwen Fu, Nan Zhang, Bowei Li, Jinming Song, and Lingxin Chen. "A Cost-Effective In Situ Zooplankton Monitoring System Based on Novel Illumination Optimization." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 19, 2020): 3471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123471.

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A cost-effective and low-power-consumption underwater microscopic imaging system was developed to capture high-resolution zooplankton images in real-time. In this work, dark-field imaging was adopted to reduce backscattering and background noise. To produce an accurate illumination, a novel illumination optimization scheme for the light-emitting diode (LED) array was proposed and applied to design a lighting system for the underwater optical imaging of zooplankton. A multiple objective genetic algorithm was utilized to find the best location of the LED array, which resulted in the specific illumination level and most homogeneous irradiance in the target area. The zooplankton imaging system developed with the optimal configuration of LEDs was tested with Daphnia magna under laboratory conditions. The maximal field of view was 16 mm × 13 mm and the optical resolution was 15 μm. The experimental results showed that the imaging system developed could capture high-resolution and high-definition images of Daphnia. Subsequently, Daphnia individuals were accurately segmented and their geometrical characters were measured by using a classical image processing algorithm. This work provides a cost-effective zooplankton measuring system based on an optimization illumination configuration of an LED array, which has a great potential for minimizing the investment and operating costs associated with long-term in situ monitoring of the physiological state and population conditions of zooplankton.

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Zhao, Fengyi, Tianquan Lian, Zihao Xu, Sa Suo, Craig L. Hill, and Djamaladdin G. Musaev. "Direct in Situ Observation of Surface Charge Accumulation Under Water Oxidation Conditions By Electric Field Induced Second Harmonic Generation Measurements." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 48 (October 9, 2022): 1868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02481868mtgabs.

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The water oxidation reaction is considered as the bottleneck and rate-determining step in photoelectrochemical water-splitting processes. To achieve efficient water oxidation on the photoanode, sufficient built-in potential on semiconductors under light illumination needs to be maintained. Herein, we introduced the in-situ Electric Field Induced Second Harmonic Generation (EFISH) technique to probe the change of built-in potential under the water oxidation reaction process of a single-crystal rutile TiO2 photoanode. Under the dark condition, parabolic relation between the second harmonic generation signal and applied potential is observed in TiO2 depletion region. Under UV illumination, the EFISH signal decreased compared to dark at the photocurrent saturation potential region. Change in the signal is attributed to the decrease of built-in potential in TiO2. The amount of built-in potential change increased with light illumination and saturated at 520 mV under 15mW/cm2 360 nm UV illumination in an unbuffered solution. This light-induced band edge unpinning effect can be explained by the accumulation of holes at surface states and surface protons at Helmholtz layer that are generated under illumination. Kinetic isotope EFISH experiments suggest that proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is the rate-determining step in water oxidation process. Screening of built-in potential under illumination can be mitigated by adding buffer ions, suggesting that the rate-determining step can be altered by changing the solution microenvironment.

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9

Parfenova, Evgeniya Aleksandrovna, and Nikolay Viktorovich Yankov. "ASSESSMENT OF ADAPTABILITY TO EX SITU CONDITIONS OF 25 WOODY SUBTROPICAL PLANTS." SCIENTIFIC LIFE 17, no. 1 (2022): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2022-17-1-33-46.

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The article discusses morpho-functional features of 25 species of woody subtropical plants (Acca sellowiana (O.Berg) Burret, Myrtus communis L., Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack , Coussapoa microcarpa (Schott) Rizzini, Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold, Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) Sweet, Podocarpus salicifolius Klotzsch & H.Karst. ex Endl., Phyllanthus juglandifolius Willd., Nandina domestica Thunb., Asparagus falcatus L., Ficus pumila L., Ficus cyathistipula Warb., Ficus binnendijkii Miq., Ficus retusa L., Ficus sagittata Vahl, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl, Laurus nobilis L., Olea europaea L., Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Ceratonia siliqua L., Tamarindus indica L., Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) W.T.Aiton, Camellia japonica L., Magnolia obovata Thunb., Hibiscus sinensis Mill.) growing in the greenhouse of the Botanical Garden of Samara University. To assess the adaptability of the species, the following parameters are used: the reflectivity of the leaves (upper and lower sides), the thickness of the leaf blade, the specific area of the leaves (SLA), the content of caratinoids and chlorophylls (a, b). The collection of leaf material was carried out during two growing seasons. The analysis of the parameters takes into account climatic factors, such as average monthly temperatures, air humidity, illumination. In the species studied by us, the values of the specific leaf area index range from 58 to 363 sq.cm / g, the thickness of the leaf blade from 100 to 305 microns. During the analysis, a correlation (average conjugacy) was established for the studied species the thickness of the leaf blade with the reflection of the leaf blade (R=0.65) and the content of photosynthetic pigments hl.a (R= -0.79) and carotenoids (R= -0.59), illumination (R=0.43).

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10

Zhao, Zhikai, Chenyang Guo, Lifa Ni, Xueyan Zhao, Surong Zhang, and Dong Xiang. "In situ photoconductivity measurements of imidazole in optical fiber break-junctions." Nanoscale Horizons 6, no. 5 (2021): 386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nh00031d.

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An approach based on mechanically controllable break junction technique is developed to address properties of single-molecule under illumination, in which a metal-coated tapered fiber serves as both electrodes and light waveguide.

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11

Burkhardt, Dwight A., Shaoqi Zhang, and Jon Gottesman. "Prolonged depolarization in rods in situ." Visual Neuroscience 6, no. 6 (June 1991): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800002595.

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AbstractIntracellular recordings were made from rods in the superfused retina of the marine toad (Bufo marinus). It was found that injection of a brief depolarizing current pulse (0.04–1 nA) evoked a distinctive, long-lasting response, here called “the prolonged depolarization.” The response appears to be regenerative, has a stereotypical waveform, is typically about 6 mV in &litude and 3 s in duration, and has a relatively long recovery period (10–60 s). As a rule, the response cannot be directly evoked by light but the current-evoked response is significantly enhanced in the presence of steady illumination. The light-evoked hyperpolarization and the depolarizing spikes of the rod are both attenuated in the presence of the prolonged depolarization. The prolonged depolarization is not an altered manifestation of the depolarizing spikes of toad rods since both can be recorded simultaneously and steady illumination suppresses the spikes while enhancing the prolonged depolarization. The response is enhanced in chloride-free superfusate and also appears to be enhanced by the use of electrodes containing chloride. The response is markedly shortened in superfusates that lack calcium or contain 1–5 mM cobalt. On this and other evidence, it is suggested that the response may be generated by the sequential action of calcium channels and calcium-activated chloride channels. Although rarely evoked by light, the prolonged depolarization of toad rods is otherwise remarkably similar to the prolonged depolarization of turtle cones. It is proposed that the prolonged depolarization, in contrast to the feedback depolarization of cones, arises from mechanisms common to both rods and cones.

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12

Di, Xiaoxuan, Feng Guo, Zihan Zhu, Zhonghao Xu, Ziqi Qian, and Qian Zhang. "In situ synthesis of ZnO–GO/CGH composites for visible light photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue." RSC Advances 9, no. 70 (2019): 41209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra09260a.

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13

Toncheva-Moncheva, Natalia, Miroslav Dangalov, Nikolay G. Vassilev, and Christo P. Novakov. "Thiol–ene coupling reaction achievement and monitoring by “in situ” UV irradiation NMR spectroscopy." RSC Advances 10, no. 42 (2020): 25214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra03902k.

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14

Kita, Noriko T., Peter E. Sobol, James R. Kern, Neal E. Lord, and John W. Valley. "UV-light microscope: improvements in optical imaging for a secondary ion mass spectrometer." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 30, no. 5 (2015): 1207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ja00349g.

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In situ analysis by secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) and other in situ techniques requires accurate aiming of the sample surface at μm scale. Modification of the reflected-light microscope system of an IMS 1280 SIMS to use ultraviolet light illumination improved the optical resolution from 3.5 μm to 1.3 μm.

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15

Schwall, D. "In situ ultraviolet illumination of porous silicon during scanning tunneling microscopy." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 16, no. 4 (July 1998): 2127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.590142.

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16

Pietroni, Eva, Alessandra Botteon, David Buti, Alessandra Chirivì, Chiara Colombo, Claudia Conti, Anna Letizia Di Carlo, et al. "“Codex 4D” Project: Interdisciplinary Investigations on Materials and Colors of De Balneis Puteolanis (Angelica Library, Rome, Ms. 1474)." Heritage 7, no. 6 (May 28, 2024): 2755–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage7060131.

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This paper sheds light on the manufacturing processes, techniques, and materials used in the splendid illuminations of the oldest surviving copy of De Balneis Puteolanis, preserved at the Angelica Library in Rome (Ms. 1474). The codex is one of the masterpieces of mid-13th-century Italian-Southern illumination, traditionally referred to as the commission of Manfredi, son of Frederick II. The findings reported in the article result from the interdisciplinary study conducted in 2021–2023 in the framework of “Codex 4D: journey in four dimensions into the manuscript”, a multidisciplinary project involving many competences and dealing with art-historical studies on manuscripts, diagnostic and conservative analyses, scientific dissemination, storytelling, and public engagement. The considerations we present aims at increasing the knowledge of book artefacts while respecting their extraordinary complexity; data from non-invasive diagnostic investigations (X-ray fluorescence, Vis-NIR reflectance and Raman spectroscopies, hyperspectral imaging, and multi-band imaging techniques as ultraviolet, reflectography, and thermography), carried out in situ with portable instruments on the book, have been integrated with observations resulting from the historical-artistic study, and the reading of some ancient treatises on the production and use of the pigments and dyes employed in illumination.

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17

Dongbo Xu, Dongbo Xu, Xiangzhao Wang Xiangzhao Wang, Yang Bu Yang Bu, Lifeng Duan Lifeng Duan, Guanyong Yan Guanyong Yan, Jishuo Yang Jishuo Yang, and Anatoly Y. Burov Anatoly Y. Burov. "In situ aberration measurement technique based on multi-illumination settings and principal component analysis of aerial images." Chinese Optics Letters 10, no. 12 (2012): 121202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201210.121202.

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18

Joest, Eike F., Christian Winter, Joshua S. Wesalo, Alexander Deiters, and Robert Tampé. "Light-guided intrabodies for on-demand in situ target recognition in human cells." Chemical Science 12, no. 16 (2021): 5787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc01331a.

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Nanobodies are ideal to visualize and modulate targets in living cells. We designed a versatile platform for generating photo-conditional intrabodies by genetic code expansion. After illumination, the intrabodies show fast and stable binding.

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19

Xi, Juqun, Jingjing Zhang, Xiaodong Qian, Lanfang An, and Lei Fan. "Using a visible light-triggered pH switch to activate nanozymes for antibacterial treatment." RSC Advances 10, no. 2 (2020): 909–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra09343e.

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20

Luo, Songping, Heping Shen, Xiaoli He, Ye Zhang, Jianbao Li, Dan Oron, and Hong Lin. "Facile in situ synthesis of dendrite-like ZnO/ZnTe core/shell nanorod heterostructures for sensitized solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 21 (2016): 4740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tc00524a.

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21

Xu, Jiafei, Meizhu Wang, Honglei Lin, Rong Wang, Qi Feng, and Xuesen Xu. "Effect of Lunar Complex Illumination on In Situ Measurements Obtained Using Visible and Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer of Chang’E-4." Remote Sensing 13, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 2359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122359.

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In-situ measurements of the spectral information on the lunar surface are of significance to study the geological evolution of the Moon. China’s Chang’E-4 (CE-4) Yutu-2 rover has conducted several in-situ spectral explorations on the Moon. The visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer (VNIS) onboard the rover has acquired a series of in-situ spectra of the regolith at the landing site. In general, the mineralogical research of the lunar surface relies on the accuracy of the in-situ data. However, the spectral measurements of the Yutu-2 rover may be affected by shadows and stray illumination. In this study, we analyzed 106 CE-4 VNIS spectra acquired in the first 24 lunar days of the mission and noted that six of these spectra were affected by the shadows of the rover. Therefore, a method was established to correct the effects of the rover shadow on the spectral measurements. After shadow correction, the FeO content in the affected area is corrected to 14.46 wt.%, which was similar to the result calculated in the normal regolith. Furthermore, according to the visible images, certain areas of the explored sites were noted to be unusually bright. Considering the reflectance, geometric information, and shining patterns of the multi-layer insulation (MLI), we examined the influence of the specular reflection of the MLI on the bright spot regionsd, and found that the five sets of data were likely not affected by the specular reflection of the MLI. The results indicated that the complex illumination considerably influences the in situ spectral data. This study can provide a basis to analyze the VNIS scientific data and help enhance the accuracy of interpretation of the composition at CE-4 landing sites.

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Yang, Shangxun, Jun Han, Jin Zhang, Yingxiu Kong, and Huan Liu. "In Situ Growth of PbS/PbI2 Heterojunction and Its Photoelectric Properties." Nanomaterials 12, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12040681.

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In this paper, PbI2 thin films with a uniform surface morphology and compact structure were prepared by adjusting the spin coating process parameters. On such a basis, the PbS/PbI2 heterojunction was fabricated on the PbI2 surface by the method of in situ chemical replacement growth. The results show that the PbS/PbI2 heterojunction grown by this method has a clear interface and is closely combined. The introduction of a PbS layer enables its spectral response range to cover the visible and near-infrared regions. Compared with the PbI2 thin film device, its responsivity is increased by three orders of magnitude, its response time reduced by 42%, and its recovery time decreased by nearly 1/2 under 450 nm illumination. In the case that there is no response for the PbI2 thin film device under 980 nm illumination, the specific detectivity of the PbS/PbI2 heterojunction device still amounts to 1.8 × 108 Jones. This indicates that the in situ chemical replacement is a technique that can construct a high-quality heterojunction in a simple process. PbS/PbI2 heterojunction fabricated by this method has a visible–near-infrared light detection response range, which provides a new idea for creating visible–near-infrared common-path detection systems.

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23

Pravin, J. D., P. Shanmugam, and Y. H. Ahn. "A semi-analytical model for diffuse reflectance in marine and inland waters." Ocean Science Discussions 12, no. 4 (August 19, 2015): 1893–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-1893-2015.

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Abstract. A semi-analytical model for predicting diffuse reflectance of coastal and oceanic waters is developed based on the water-column optical properties and illumination conditions. Diffuse reflectance (R) is an apparent optical property that is related to the Gordon's parameter (bb/(a+bb)) through a proportionality factor "f". The conventional assumption of "f" as a constant (0.33) yields large errors in case of turbid and productive coastal waters and a predictive model based on this assumption is generally restricted to open-ocean waters (low chlorophyll case). In this paper, we have sorted the dependent factors that influence "f" values in the water column. Here, the parameter "f" is modeled as a function of wavelength, depth, inherent optical properties (IOPs) and illumination conditions. This work eliminates the spectral constants (KChl and KSS) associated with our previous model and constrains the present model to be solely dependent on the IOPs and illumination conditions. Data used for parameterization and validation are obtained from in situ measurements in different waters within coastal environments. Validation shows good agreement between the model R and in situ R values with the overall mean relative error of less than a few percent. The model is valid for a wide range waters within coastal and open-ocean environments.

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Xu, Duo, Xin Hua, Shao-Chuang Liu, Hong-Wei Qiao, Hua-Gui Yang, Yi-Tao Long, and He Tian. "In situ and real-time ToF-SIMS analysis of light-induced chemical changes in perovskite CH3NH3PbI3." Chemical Communications 54, no. 43 (2018): 5434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc01606b.

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25

Zhu, Jiekun, Zheng Yi, Mingyu Luo, Youer Deng, Jialuo She, Yachun Liu, Chao Zhang, Bo Yang, Senpei Tang, and Zaihui Fu. "Mild and efficient photocatalytic coupled alcohol oxidative dehydrogenation and CO₂ reduction driven by visible light." Green Chemistry 24, no. 7 (2022): 2988–3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc04459a.

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Al3+-Doped decatungstate (Al-DT) that in situ-generates the double-reduced blue H2DT playing a crucial role in achieving the reduction of CO2 can efficiently catalyze the coupled reactions of alcohol oxidative dehydration and CO2 reduction under visible light illumination.

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Kumari, Nandita, Jordan M. Bretzfelder, Indujaa Ganesh, Antonio Lang, and David A. Kring. "Surface Conditions and Resource Accessibility at Potential Artemis Landing Sites 007 and 011." Planetary Science Journal 3, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/ac88c2.

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Abstract International efforts are underway to explore the Moon’s south polar region with robotic and human missions. These missions will address key scientific and exploration objectives in a region rich with possibilities, designed to develop a sustained lunar presence. To assist a trade study among six potential landing sites identified for Artemis astronauts, we examined two of those sites: 007 and 011. We find that (1) many craters in the vicinity of Site 007 excavated and expose ejecta from Shackleton and Slater; additionally, numerous craters around Site 011 expose Cabeus and de Gerlache ejecta; (2) dense boulder fields occur near a large permanently shadowed region (PSR) at Site 007 and near the point of highest surface illumination in Site 011, which may affect landing and surface exploration activities; (3) despite some surface roughness, both sites 007 and 011 are traversable and contain exploration targets suitable for in situ resource utilization; (4) sites 007 and 011 receive higher average illumination than previously reported for sites 001 and 004; and (5) PSRs, seasonally shadowed regions, and cold traps at both sites offer opportunities to sample volatiles.

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Melchers, Stephanie, Jenny Schneider, Alexei Emeline, and Detlef Bahnemann. "Effect of H2O and O2 on the Adsorption and Degradation of Acetaldehyde on Anatase Surfaces—An In Situ ATR-FTIR Study." Catalysts 8, no. 10 (September 25, 2018): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8100417.

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The effect of H2O and O2 on the adsorption and degradation of gaseous acetaldehyde on the anatase TiO2 surface has been studied, in the dark and upon UV illumination, at ambient temperatures. The processes occurring at the surface have been elucidated by means of in situ ATR–FTIR (Attenuated Total Reflection—Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy, while gas detectors allowed the analysis of the adducts and products in the gas phase. In the dark and under dry conditions acetaldehyde reacts independently of the atmosphere, upon aldol condensation to crotonaldehyde. However, under humid conditions, this reaction was prevented due to the replacement of the adsorbed acetaldehyde molecules, by water molecules. Upon UV illumination under oxygenic conditions, acetaldehyde was decomposed to acetate and formate. Under an N2 atmosphere, the formation of acetate and formate was observed during the first hour of illumination, until all adsorbed oxygen had been consumed. In the absence of molecular oxygen acetate, methane, and CO2 were detected, the formation of which most likely involved the participation of the bridging O atoms, within the TiO2 lattice.

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Hu, Jianqiang, Fen Zhang, Yong Yang, Qiutong Han, Zhaosheng Li, Qing Shen, Yongcai Zhang, Yong Zhou, and Zhigang Zou. "In situ preparation of Bi2S3 nanoribbon-anchored BiVO4 nanoscroll heterostructures for the catalysis of Cr(vi) photoreduction." Catalysis Science & Technology 10, no. 12 (2020): 3843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cy00006j.

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Novel Bi₂S₃ nanoribbon-anchored BiVO₄ nanoscroll heterostructures were fabricated, showing enhanced photocatalytic activity for Cr(vi) reduction under UV-visible light illumination.

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29

Gbologah, Franklin E., Angshuman Guin, Roger Purcell, and Michael O. Rodgers. "Calibration of a Digital Camera for Rapid Auditing of In Situ Intersection Illumination." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2617, no. 1 (January 2017): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2617-05.

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The regular auditing of installed roadway lighting performance is essential in ensuring that in situ light levels are within design specifications despite the effects of lamp deterioration or changes in roadway functional class. However, existing guidelines for measuring roadway lighting performance are tedious and often impractical for transportation agencies and municipalities, which are already faced with time and resource constraints. A method for calibrating a digital single lens reflex camera for rapid assessment of illumination levels at roadway intersections is developed in this paper. The method uses an image analysis approach to extract pixel information in a digital image and link it to the scene luminance. It uses high-precision light meters to perform an initial calibration of the digital camera that has proved to be stable over long periods. The method was tested with field data, and the results indicate that average scene luminance derived from this method differs by less than 4% from the average observed scene luminance captured by high-precision luminance meters involving a rigorous field measurement methodology. The methodology developed in this study offers transportation agencies and municipalities a rapid, inexpensive, and efficient method for auditing the adequacy of roadway illumination.

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30

Nasriddinov, Abulkosim, Marina Rumyantseva, Artem Marikutsa, Alexander Gaskov, Jae-Hyoung Lee, Jae-Hun Kim, Jin-Young Kim, Sang Sub Kim, and Hyoun Woo Kim. "Sub-ppm Formaldehyde Detection by n-n TiO2@SnO2 Nanocomposites." Sensors 19, no. 14 (July 19, 2019): 3182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19143182.

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Formaldehyde (HCHO) is an important indicator of indoor air quality and one of the markers for detecting lung cancer. Both medical and air quality applications require the detection of formaldehyde in the sub-ppm range. Nanocomposites SnO2/TiO2 are promising candidates for HCHO detection, both in dark conditions and under UV illumination. Nanocomposites TiO2@SnO2 were synthesized by ALD method using nanocrystalline SnO2 powder as a substrate for TiO2 layer growth. The microstructure and composition of the samples were characterized by ICP-MS, TEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy methods. The active surface sites were investigated using FTIR and TPR-H2 methods. The mechanism of formaldehyde oxidation on the surface of semiconductor oxides was studied by in situ DRIFTS method. The sensor properties of nanocrystalline SnO2 and TiO2@SnO2 nanocomposites toward formaldehyde (0.06–0.6 ppm) were studied by in situ electrical conductivity measurements in dark conditions and under periodic UV illumination at 50–300 °C. Nanocomposites TiO2@SnO2 exhibit a higher sensor signal than SnO2 and a decrease in the optimal measurement temperature by 50 °C. This result is explained based on the model considering the formation of n-n heterocontact at the SnO2/TiO2 interface. UV illumination leads to a decrease in sensor response compared with that obtained in dark conditions because of the photodesorption of oxygen involved in the oxidation of formaldehyde.

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31

Borges Ordoño, Marta, Shunsaku Yasumura, Pieter Glatzel, and Atsushi Urakawa. "Synergistic interplay of Zn and Rh-Cr promoters on Ga2O3 based photocatalysts for water splitting." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 36 (2018): 23515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp03987a.

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Synergy of the ZnGa₂O₄/Ga₂O₃ heterojunction and Rh-Cr promoter on the Ga₂O₃ photocatalyst elucidated by XAS/VtC-XES and in situ illumination modulation spectroscopy.

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32

Linares, Alejandro, Carlo Brighi, Sergio Espinola, Francesco Bacchi, and Álvaro H. Crevenna. "Structured Illumination Microscopy Improves Spot Detection Performance in Spatial Transcriptomics." Cells 12, no. 9 (May 4, 2023): 1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12091310.

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Spatial biology is a rapidly growing research field that focuses on the transcriptomic or proteomic profiling of single cells within tissues with preserved spatial information. Imaging-based spatial transcriptomics uses epifluorescence microscopy, which has shown remarkable results for the identification of multiple targets in situ. Nonetheless, the number of genes that can be reliably visualized is limited by the diffraction of light. Here, we investigate the effect of structured illumination (SIM), a super-resolution microscopy approach, on the performance of single-gene transcript detection in spatial transcriptomics experiments. We performed direct mRNA-targeted hybridization in situ sequencing for multiple genes in mouse coronal brain tissue sections. We evaluated spot detection performance in widefield and confocal images versus those with SIM in combination with 20×, 25× and 60× objectives. In general, SIM increases the detection efficiency of gene transcript spots compared to widefield and confocal modes. For each case, the specific fold increase in localizations is dependent on gene transcript density and the numerical aperture of the objective used, which has been shown to play an important role, especially for densely clustered spots. Taken together, our results suggest that SIM has the capacity to improve spot detection and overall data quality in spatial transcriptomics.

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33

Ren, Yuqi, Caihong Hao, Qing Chang, Ning Li, Jinlong Yang, and Shengliang Hu. "Boosting chemoselective reduction of 4-nitrostyrene via photoinduced energetic electrons from in situ formed Cu nanoparticles on carbon dots." Green Chemistry 23, no. 8 (2021): 2938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc00409c.

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A stable nanocatalyst combining carbon dots and Cu nanoparticles shows over 99% selectivity for the formation of 4-aminostyrene at 100% conversion of 4-nitrostyrene in an aqueous solvent under illumination.

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34

Atkinson, Jack B. P., and Jonathan R. Howse. "In-situ full-wafer metrology via coupled white light and monochromatic stroboscopic illumination." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 184 (January 2025): 108692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108692.

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35

Loncle, A., M. Kim, B. Geffroy, S. Gautam, O. Plantevin, V. L. R. Jacques, and K. Medjoubi. "White light-induced halide segregation in triple-cation mixed halide perovskites studied by in-situ fast scanning nano-XRF at the NANOSCOPIUM beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2380, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2380/1/012127.

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Abstract In-situ study of the variation of the chemical composition of triple-cation mixed halide perovskites Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 under visible light illumination performed by Fast Scanning Nano Hard X-ray Fluorescence Imaging revealed the migration and irreversible phase separation of halide ions into micro-meter sized clusters.

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36

Schofield, M. A., M. Gajdardziska-Josifovska, R. Whig, and C. R. Aita. "Electron-Beam-induced transformations in zirconia-alumina nanolaminates: An In situ high-resolution Electron–Microscopy study." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 690–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100165914.

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Composite systems containing zirconia have been used extensively as transformation-toughening materials based on a stress induced martensitic transformation of the metastable tetragonal phase of zirconia to the monoclinic phase. Recently it has been shown that tetragonal zirconia can be stabilized in zirconia-alumina nanolaminates grown by reactive sputter deposition, when the zirconia layer is less than 6 nm thick. Cross-section high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) of these nanolaminates revealed localized tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation caused by sample preparation. In this study, quantitative HRTEM is used to analyze the zirconia nanocrystallite transformation in situ, by controlled exposure of the sample to the electron beam of the microscope.The irradiation conditions used in this study to induce the zirconia transformation are summarized in Table 1. The mildest irradiation condition corresponds to normal imaging illumination used in this study to obtain high resolution images. Under these normal illumination conditions, the first condenser lens (CI) is used to form a 0.1 μm sized probe which is over focused on the sample by the second condenser lens (C2).

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37

Xing, Huan, Wei Wen, and Jin-Ming Wu. "One-pot low-temperature synthesis of TiO2 nanowire/rGO composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity." RSC Advances 6, no. 96 (2016): 94092–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra16484f.

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In situ growth of TiO₂ nanowires on graphene oxide was achieved at 80 °C in an open atmosphere. The optimized TiO₂/rGO hybrid exhibited a reaction rate constant 5.5 times that of TiO₂ nanowires towards photodegradations of rhodamine B in water under the UV light illumination.

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38

Kang, Xiaolan, Xue-Zhi Song, Sihang Liu, Mingzhu Pei, Wen Wen, and Zhenquan Tan. "In situ formation of defect-engineered N-doped TiO2 porous mesocrystals for enhanced photo-degradation and PEC performance." Nanoscale Advances 1, no. 4 (2019): 1372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8na00193f.

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N-Doped oxygen defective N/TiO_2−x mesocrystal nanocubes were prepared from NH₄TiOF₃ mesocrystals by a facile crystal topotactic transformation strategy. The products exhibited high photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic degradation performance under visible light illumination.

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39

Md Foisal, Abu Riduan, Hoang-Phuong Phan, Takahiro Kozeki, Toan Dinh, Khoa Nguyen Tuan, Afzaal Qamar, Mirko Lobino, Takahiro Namazu, and Dzung Viet Dao. "3C–SiC on glass: an ideal platform for temperature sensors under visible light illumination." RSC Advances 6, no. 90 (2016): 87124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra19418d.

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This letter reports on cubic silicon carbide (3C–SiC) transferred on a glass substrate as an ideal platform for thermoresistive sensors which can be used for in situ temperature measurement during optical analysis.

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40

Qiao, Wen-Cheng, Jiaqi Liang, Wei Dong, Kaiyang Ma, Xue Lu Wang, and Ye-Feng Yao. "Illumination-Induced Changes in Methylammonium Lead Bromine Perovskites. An In Situ 2H NMR Study." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 125, no. 18 (April 28, 2021): 9908–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c01814.

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41

Li Zhang. "In Situ Image Segmentation Using the Convexity of Illumination Distribution of the Light Sources." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 30, no. 10 (October 2008): 1786–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2007.70830.

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42

Breshike, Christopher J., Robert Furstenberg, Tyler J. Huffman, Dmitry A. Kozak, Todd Stievater, and R. Andrew McGill. "In situ detection of gas chromatography analytes by active illumination with quantum cascade lasers." Optical Engineering 59, no. 09 (May 14, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.59.9.092004.

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43

Vasilyev, A. A., A. S. Arakcheev, A. V. Burdakov, I. A. Bataev, I. V. Kandaurov, A. A. Kasatov, V. V. Kurkuchekov, et al. "Continuous laser illumination for in situ investigation of tungsten erosion under transient thermal loads." Fusion Engineering and Design 146 (September 2019): 2366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.03.192.

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44

Moro, M. V., D. Moldarev, C. C. You, E. M. Baba, S. Zh Karazhanov, M. Wolff, and D. Primetzhofer. "In-situ composition analysis of photochromic yttrium oxy-hydride thin films under light illumination." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 201 (October 2019): 110119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110119.

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45

Xu, Rui-Peng, Yan-Qing Li, Teng-Yu Jin, Yue-Qi Liu, Qin-Ye Bao, Conor O’Carroll, and Jian-Xin Tang. "In Situ Observation of Light Illumination-Induced Degradation in Organometal Mixed-Halide Perovskite Films." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 7 (February 12, 2018): 6737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b18389.

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46

Seegerer, Andreas, Philipp Nitschke, and Ruth M. Gschwind. "Combined In Situ Illumination-NMR-UV/Vis Spectroscopy: A New Mechanistic Tool in Photochemistry." Angewandte Chemie 130, no. 25 (March 30, 2018): 7615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201801250.

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47

Seegerer, Andreas, Philipp Nitschke, and Ruth M. Gschwind. "Combined In Situ Illumination-NMR-UV/Vis Spectroscopy: A New Mechanistic Tool in Photochemistry." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 57, no. 25 (March 30, 2018): 7493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201801250.

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48

Park, Doo Hong, Se Bin Oh, and Sung Chul Hong. "In Situ Fluorescent Illumination of Microplastics in Water Utilizing a Combination of Dye/Surfactant and Quenching Techniques." Polymers 14, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 3084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153084.

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Although plastics have benefited our lives in terms of cost and convenience, the disposal of end-of-life plastics poses environmental problems, such as microplastics (MPs). Although the separation (e.g., filtration) and staining of MPs with fluorescent dye/solvent are generally accepted steps to observe MPs in an environmental matrix, in this study, an in situ selective fluorescent illumination of the MPs in water was attempted with the aid of surfactant. Nonpolar fluorescent dye in combination with surfactant affords nanometer-sized dye particles in water, which adsorb on MPs and penetrate the polymer matrix for effective staining and stable fluorescent behaviors. The effects of different staining parameters, including different dyes, surfactants, staining temperatures, staining times, dye/surfactant ratios, dye/MP ratios, and MP concentrations in aqueous solutions were investigated to better understand staining conditions. More interestingly, non-adsorbed free dye molecules in the staining solution were almost completely fluorescence-quenched by introducing the quenching agent, aniline, while the fluorescence intensity of the stained MP was maintained. By staining MPs with a dye/surfactant combination and subsequently quenching with aniline, in situ selective fluorescent illumination of the MPs in water was successfully achieved, which may eliminate the tedious separation/filtration procedure of MPs to accomplish the quick detection or monitoring of MPs.

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49

McKinley, B. J., Sang Sheem, John Lutz, and Fred P. Milanovich. "A non-imaging concentrator for fiber optic mediated remote micro-Raman spectroscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1518–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100132224.

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The recent availability of moderate power near-infrared diode lasers (780nm) and near-infrared sensitive ccd detectors have caused a noticeable resurgence in the application of Raman spectroscopy in analytical chemistry. We have long maintained an interest in Raman spectroscopy and have established a micro-Raman facility within the Chemistry Department of our organization. Recently, we have taken advantage of the aforementioned progress in spectroscopic equipment and have upgraded our micro-Raman facility to include a ccd detector and an imaging spectrograph.Since our micro-Raman spectrometer is designed around an ellipsoidal collection mirror, with Raman signal being directed through the illumination sample stage it has application to microscopic or small transparent samples. The improved performance of the device and the availability of highly transmissive optical fibers led one of us (B.J.M.) to propose an apparatus that could replace the existing illuminator with a miniature device that maintains a high collection efficiency and can be used remotely or in-situ by utilizing optical fibers.

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50

Painter, Thomas H., Noah P. Molotch, Maureen Cassidy, Mark Flanner, and Konrad Steffen. "Contact spectroscopy for determination of stratigraphy of snow optical grain size." Journal of Glaciology 53, no. 180 (2007): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756507781833947.

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AbstractWe present a technique for in situ measurement of the vertical and spatial stratigraphic distribution of snow optical grain size with a coupled contact illumination probe and field spectroradiometer. Accurate measurements of optical-equivalent grain size are critical for modeling radiative properties of snow such as spectral albedo and microwave emission. Measurements of the spectral reflectance of the snow-pit surface are made at 2 cm intervals in the vertical plane under constant illumination and view geometries. We invert the integral of the continuum normalization of the ice absorption feature with maximum at 1.03 μm wavelength for optical-equivalent grain size using the validated model of Nolin and Dozier (2000) that has accuracy of ±10–50 μm across the grain-size range 50–900 μm. Results are presented for an alpine site in southwest Colorado, USA, across the ablation season and for a Greenland ice-sheet site at the onset of snowmelt. These results suggest that traditional measurements of grain size using a hand lens are nearly accurate only for rounded grains (R2 = 0.41, rmse = 160 μm); for polycrystals and faceted grains the hand-lens approach is very inaccurate (R2 = 0.03 and 0.24, rmse = 1206 and 1010 μm, respectively). We demonstrate an order-of- magnitude improvement in modeling of shortwave spectral albedo and net shortwave flux with contact spectroscopy measurements of grain-size stratigraphy over those from a hand lens.

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