Academic literature on the topic 'In situ chemical analyses'

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Journal articles on the topic "In situ chemical analyses":

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Ling, Zhigang, Naruhito Hori, Tadahisa Iwata, and Akio Takemura. "In-situ Analysis of Chemical Structure ofAPI Adhesive Using FT-NIR Spectroscopy." Journal of The Adhesion Society of Japan 51, s1 (2015): 322–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11618/adhesion.51.322.

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Reddy, Ramana G., and V. Kumar. "Chemical In Situ Synthesis of Aluminum Alloy Composites." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.701.

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Aluminum alloys were reinforced with AlN particles using a novel chemical in situ technique. Thermodynamic analyses were made to identify the conditions for the in situ formation of the AlN in Al alloys. Experiments were conducted in the temperature range of 1173-1473 K by injecting ammonia gas. The composites with AlN quantity varying from 5 to 51 wt % were produced. Effect of process variables such as gas injection time, flow rate of ammonia gas and temperature of the alloy melt on the formation of AlN was studied. Increase in either injection time or flow rate of the ammonia gas increased the nitride content. AlN particles with an average size of 500 nm were produced. The measured Vickers hardness of the composites formed increased with increasing AlN content. The amount of AlN experimentally formed is in good agreement with the thermodynamically predicted data.
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Bierman, Paul R., and Alan R. Gillespie. "Evidence Suggesting That Methods of Rock-Varnish Cation-Ratio Dating Are neither Comparable nor Consistently Reliable." Quaternary Research 41, no. 1 (January 1994): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1009.

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AbstractUsing samples from a prehistoric quarry site in the Mojave Desert, we tested and compared the two principal methods of rock-varnish cation-ratio dating, analysis of rock-varnish scrapings (R. I. Dorn, 1983, Quaternary Research 20, 49-73 and 1989, Physical Geography 13, 559-596) and analysis of rock varnish in situ (C. D. Harrington and J. W. Whitney, 1987, Geology 15, 967-970). Because we found no consistent relationship between the varnish cation ratio (K + Ca)/Ti, and the relative age of the varnish, neither method could be used to "cation-ratio date" the underlying chert artifacts. Moreover, in situ analyses yielded systematically higher cation ratios and lower Ti abundances than bulk analyses of scraped varnish or microprobe analyses of varnish in cross section. Our results, when considered along with other recently published evidence, indicate that these two methods of varnish chemical analysis and cation-ratio dating may not be comparable, nor consistently reliable, chronometers.
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Buccolieri, Giovanni, Antonio Serra, Giorgio Giuseppe Carbone, Vito Nicola Iacobellis, Alfredo Castellano, Lucio Calcagnile, and Alessandro Buccolieri. "In Situ Investigation of the Medieval Copper Alloy Door in Troia (Southern Italy)." Heritage 6, no. 3 (March 2, 2023): 2688–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6030142.

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This work describes experimental results concerning the chemical composition of the alloy patina and inlays from the medieval copper alloy door of the cathedral of Troia (southern Italy), dating back to 1127 CE. The analyses were conducted in situ with no sampling or sample preparation required, using a portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) instrument. The compositional results show that the two door leaves were made using a binary alloy of copper and lead, while the nails, lion protomes, and handles have a different chemical composition. Moreover, the analyses revealed uniform concentrations of chlorine, probably due to cleaning treatments during the restoration. It is important to emphasise that the obtained results are the only ones related to this valuable masterpiece analysed.
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Ten Cate, J. M. "In Situ Models, Physico-Chemical Aspects." Advances in Dental Research 8, no. 2 (July 1994): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374940080020201.

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In situ (intra-oral) caries models are used for two purposes. First, they provide information about oral physiological processes. Such information helps to detail our knowledge of the oral ecosystem and to verify conclusions from in vitro experiments. Second, in situ models are utilized to test preventive agents in the phase between laboratory testing and clinical trials. Most investigations involving enamel inserts have been aimed at testing new dentifrices. The experimental designs of such studies usually do not allow one to draw conclusions on physico-chemical processes, e.g., because of single point measurements. Studies of model parameters (lesion type, lesion severity, and de/remineralization in time) constitute only a minority of the research reports. The most striking observation obtained with in situ models has been the significant differences in de/remineralization observed among individuals and, more importantly, within one individual during different time periods and between different sites in the same mouth (for review, see ten Cate et al., 1992). Regardless of this, some general findings can be inferred: During in situ demineralization, up to 62 vol%μm/day may be removed from enamel. For dentin specimens, this value may be as high as 89 vol%μm/day. For remineralization, during fluoride dentifrice treatment, a median deposition rate of 0.7%/day (for lesions with integrated mineral loss values between 2000 and 4000 vol%μm) is found. The rate of deposition seems to be correlated with the extent of the pre-formedlesion. This suggests that the number of sites (crystallite surface) available for calcium phosphate precipitation is an important parameter. However, the rate at which mineral ions are supplied (by saliva) could also be a limiting factor, as is shown in a theoretical analysis of mass-balance of enamel constituents. The few studies that have monitored caries development in time reveal that mineral loss (and also lesion progression in depth) from enamel in situ is linear in time. This is in contrast to results from laboratory findings.
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Farr, Nicholas T. H. "Revealing Localised Mechanochemistry of Biomaterials Using In Situ Multiscale Chemical Analysis." Materials 15, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 3462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103462.

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The study of mechanical and chemical phenomena arising within a material that is being subjected to external stress is termed mechanochemistry (MC). Recent advances in MC have revealed the prospect not only to enable a greener route to chemical transformations but also to offer previously unobtainable opportunities in the production and screening of biomaterials. To date, the field of MC has been constrained by the inability of current characterisation techniques to provide essential localised multiscale chemically mapping information. A potential method to overcome this is secondary electron hyperspectral imaging (SEHI). SEHI is a multiscale material characterisation technique applied within a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on the collection of secondary electron (SE) emission spectra at low primary beam energies, SEHI is applicable to the chemical assessment of uncoated polymer surfaces. Here, we demonstrate that SEHI can provide in situ MC information using poly(glycerol sebacate)-methacrylate (PGS-M) as an example biomaterial of interest. This study brings the use of a bespoke in situ SEM holder together with the application of SEHI to provide, for the first time, enhanced biomaterial mechanochemical characterisation.
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Kliewer, C. E., M. M. Disko, S. L. Soled, and G. J. DeMartin. "A Reactor for “Ex-Situ” TEM Catalyst Characterization." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (August 1999): 926–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600017955.

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The microstructural and chemical characterization of catalysts is not only integral to their initial development but also to understanding and controlling their behavior over time. To better elucidate the morphology of these materials and relate physical properties to catalytic properties (e.g., activity, selectivity, etc.), “ex-situ” methods for studying catalysts under reactive conditions have been developed.Because conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) is conducted under high vacuum conditions, it is difficult to replicate the exact chemical environment of a catalyst (e.g., high pressure, variable gas mixtures, etc) within the TEM. Consequently, most analyses focus on comparing “fresh” and “spent” materials. In general, this methodology provides useful structural information albeit with limitations associated with the comparison of dissimilar regions and the effects of sampling inhomogenieties.
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Pratapa, Y. Reddy, K. L. Narayana, and M. Kedar Mallik. "Ex Situ Tribological and Electro-chemical analysis of Aluminium." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012205.

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Abstract Aluminium sample coupon is evaluated for electro-chemical, tribological and microstructural study under selected test conditions. Aluminium is a light-weight material chiefly preferred in fields like automobile, aerospace, marine and satellite domestic appliances etc. Moreover, due to its specific characteristics, it plays a crucial role in industries and research fields. In the present work, the ex situ tribological (wear test), electrochemical (corrosion test), mechanical (microhardness test) and microstructural (nodularity percentage) behaviours of Aluminum sample is presaged. The test results reveal that, when experiment advance, with respect to time the wear rate increases, frictional force is decreased and pin temperature increased. The corrosion test is held on specimen coupon in two modes, before and after wear test, and observed that the corrosion rate gets improved on specimen after wear test. Nodularity analysis also express that the nodularity percentage is increased by 5%. Before wear test, the percentage of accepted count to total count of nodules on texture is 65.18%, while the percentage after wear test is found to be 70.29%. The Vickers Microhardness analysis exhibits the hardness value as 160 HV on Vickers Hardness Scale.
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Parnell, J. Jacob, Richard E. Terry, and Payson Sheets. "Soil Chemical Analysis of Ancient Activities in Cerén, El Salvador: A Case Study of a Rapidly Abandoned Site." Latin American Antiquity 13, no. 3 (September 2002): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/972114.

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Activities performed over long periods of time tend to leave soil chemical residues as evidence of those activities. Some of the questions studied in this paper deal with the interpretive capabilities provided by chemical patterns. Soil samples from Cerén, El Salvador, a well-preserved site, were analyzed for extractable phosphorus and heavy metals. We compared in situ artifacts collected from the site with chemical signatures that indicate activity areas. We found that elevated concentrations of phosphorus were associated with food preparation, consumption, and disposal. Heavy metals were associated with the interior of the structure where pigments and painted gourds were found. In this case, where well-preserved, in situ artifacts were available for analysis, we found that chemical analysis was effective in locating human activity areas. Our findings indicate that chemical analysis can be used to guide interpretation in areas of poor artifact preservation with reasonable accuracy, and in archaeological sites that underwent gradual abandonment.
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Herzog, Benjamin M., Simon M. Kleinknecht, Claus P. Haslauer, and Norbert Klaas. "Experimental upscaling analyses for a surfactant-enhanced in-situ chemical oxidation (S-ISCO) remediation design." Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 258 (September 2023): 104230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104230.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "In situ chemical analyses":

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ANJOS, ANDREA CRISTINA CARVALHO DOS. "ANALYSIS OF AN IN SITU TABULATION STRATEGY OF COMBUSTION CHEMICAL KINETICS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19456@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
A simulação numérica de processos de combustão é uma ferramenta cada vez mais utilizada para o projeto, a análise e a otimização de turbinas, motores e fornos de combustão, entre outros. No entanto, um dos principais inconvenientes que limitam a descrição fiel da realidade de modelos de combustão é o esforço computacional necessário para a solução das equações de transporte das propriedades do escoamento reativo, como frações de massa das espécies químicas, que incluem um termo fonte não linear associado à lei de Arrhenius. A rigidez e a carga computacional relacionadas com a determinação deste termo domina o custo de simulações que empregam modelos detalhados da cinética química da combustão. Esta dissertação descreve um estudo cujo objetivo é reduzir tais custos mediante a utilização de uma técnica de tabulação automática da evolução termoquímica da mistura. Assim, este trabalho apresenta a discussão do estado da arte da técnica denominada tabulação adaptativa in situ, que exibe desempenho considerável em termos de tempo computacional, na determinação dos termos fontes químicos, e propõe uma modificação do algoritmo atrasando o início da tabulação, para evitar o armazenamento de composições existentes apenas no estado transiente da queima, as quais não são representativas do regime estatisticamente estacionário. Um estudo dos resultados obtidos, em um reator parcialmente agitado com CO/O2, mostra ganhos superiores a 95 por cento na altura da árvore binária utilizada para tabulação, isso se reflete no custo de armazenamento e na acurácia dos resultados. Uma análise do tempo computacional caracteriza situações em que a nova estratégia de tabulação pode levar à redução do mesmo, quando comparado com a estratégia original. Seu desempenho é confirmado pelo estudo do sistema químico CH4/ar.
The numerical simulation of combustion processes is an important tool used for design, analysis and optimization of turbines, combustion engines and furnaces, among others. However, one of the major drawbacks that limit the faithful description of reality of combustion models is the computational effort required for the transport equations solution of reactive flow properties such as chemical species mass fractions, which include a nonlinear source term associated to the Arrhenius law. The stiffness and the computational burden related to the determination of such term, largely dominate the cost of simulations that employ detailed models of chemical kinetics combustion. This dissertation describes a study whose objective is to reduce these costs by using a of automatic tabulation technique of the mixture’s thermochemical evolution. Hence, this work presents a state of the art discussion of the technique named in situ adaptive tabulation – ISAT, which shows considerable performance in terms of computational time for the determination of the chemical sources terms, and proposes a modification in the algorithm by delaying the table start to avoid the storage of compositions that exist only in transient state, and which are not statistically representative of the stationary regime. A systematic study of the results in a partially stirred reactor with CO/O2, shows more than 95 per cent gains at the binary tree height used for tabulation, the gains are also optimistic in the storage demand and the results accuracy. A computational time analysis characterizes situations in which the new strategy tabulation could reduce it, when compared to the original algorithm. The strategy performance is confirmed by the study of the chemical system CH4/ar.
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Badmaarag, Ulzii-Orshikh. "Optical Chemical Sensing Device for In-situ Non-Invasive Gas Monitoring." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1583155117533193.

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Baraga, Joseph J. (Joseph John). "In situ chemical analysis of biological tissue--vibrational Raman spectroscopy of human atheroschlerosis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12875.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology, 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 209-223).
by Joseph John Baraga.
Ph.D.
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Maillet, Anaïs. "Interactions argilite de Tournemire / fer métal en contexte in situ : résultats à 10 ans de contact." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2309/document.

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Dans le cadre du concept de stockage de déchets radioactifs à vie longue en couche géologique profonde développé par l'Andra, l’IRSN mène une étude in situ sur la Station Expérimentale de Tournemire, en collaboration avec EDF afin de déterminer les interactions acier/argilite dans un contexte naturel. Au terme de 10 ans d’interaction, deux forages ont été sur-carottés afin de caractériser les transformations de l’argilite de Tournemire au contact d’aciers carbone et inoxydables et de comparer les phénomènes réactifs mis en évidence et ceux induits par des simulations numériques par des codes de calcul géochimique et couplant chimie-transport.Les échantillons argilite/acier carbone montrent une importante corrosion du disque d’acier. Le fer libéré sous la forme d’auréoles et dans les fissures de la roche perturbe l’argilite au contact entraînant des modifications minéralogiques et structurales. La précipitation d’oxydes de fer ainsi qu’une dissolution de la calcite et des feuillets smectitiques des interstratifiés I/S sont identifiés. Une zonation métal/métal corrodé/argilite perturbée/argilite saine est mise en évidence et des variations de porosité sont observées marquant les interfaces entre deux zones. Les simulations géochimiques montrent que l’essentiel des modifications est rapidement initié lors de la mise en place du système et que l’oxygène piégé à la fermeture du système est consommé par la corrosion des aciers mais surtout qu’il diffuse dans le matériau encaissant par gradient de concentration.Les échantillons argilite/acier inoxydable présentent une très faible corrosion par piqûration de l’acier. La minéralogie de l’argilite ne semble pas perturbée au cont
Within the framework of a long lived radioactive waste storage concept in deep geological layer developed by Andra, IRSN leads an in situ study on the Experimental Station of Tournemire, in association with EDF to determine the interactions steel/argillite in a natural context. After 10 years of interaction, two drillings overcoring performed to characterize the processings of the Tournemire argillite in contact with carbon and stainless steels and to compare reactive phenomena highlighted and those induced by simulations tools combining chemistry and transport.Argillite/carbon steel samples show a significant corrosion of steel disk. Iron released, in the form of rings and cracks in the rock, disrupts the argillite in contact resulting in mineralogical and structural changes. Iron oxides precipitation and a calcite and smectitic leaf of mixed-layers I/S dissolution are identified. A succession of areas: metal/metal corroded/argillite disturbed/argillite is highlighted and porosity variations are observed on the interfaces between two areas. Geochemical simulations show that major changes are initiated speedly during establishment of the system and the oxygen trapped in the closed system is consumed by the corrosion of steel but mostly it diffuses into the surrounding material through concentration gradient.Argillite/stainless steel samples have a very low pitting corrosion of steel disk. This does not seem to affect the mineralogy of the argillite in contact
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Quig, Lauren Dekker. "Transport of Heat Activated Persulfate and Its Application for In-situ Chemical Oxidation of Residual Trichloroethylene." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2629.

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In situ chemical oxidation is a promising technology for the remediation of persistent subsurface contamination. Increasingly, the persulfate ion is being studied for use in these systems, both on its own as a strong oxidant and as the precursor to the even more reactive sulfate radical. Persulfate has been shown to treat a wide range of contaminants, from traditional Superfund contaminants such as chlorinated solvents to emerging pharmaceutical contaminants. Additionally, persulfate ISCO can be tailored to site and pollutant specific characteristics based on the method of persulfate activation (e.g., energy and catalysis activation) to the sulfate radical. Thermal activation of persulfate is particularly promising because it can be easily controlled, requires no additional reagents, and commonly creates only non-toxic end products. While persulfate in-situ chemical oxidation technology is being commercially used, a mechanistic study of the physical and chemical processes controlling the effectiveness of this remedial approach is not well documented in the literature. Published work characterizing persulfate ISCO largely focuses on reactions in aqueous, batch systems, which fail to provide crucial design data when working with ever transient, multi-phase groundwater systems. The purpose of this research was twofold. Initial studies characterized the overall transport behavior of unactivated and thermally-activated persulfate (20, 60, and 90°C) in one-dimensional soil column systems packed with a natural sandy porous media. This necessitated the development of a flow-through, temperature-controlled, continuous-injection system for the delivery of heat-activated persulfate. Finally, as a proof of concept, experiments were conducted to investigate persulfate ISCO as a remedial approach for residual-phase trichloroethylene (TCE), a commonly detected, persistent subsurface contaminant. At all activation temperatures investigated, persulfate exhibited ideal transport behavior with negligible differences in the observed breakthrough curves of persulfate ion and nonreactive tracers in miscible displacement experiments. Additionally, moment analysis of the breakthrough curves measured for persulfate ion in solution indicated negligible interaction of persulfate with the sandy material under steady-state flow (average retardation factor equaled 1.00 ± 0.021). Persulfate ISCO for residual-phase trichloroethylene (TCE) was characterized at two flow rates, 0.2 mL/min and 0.5 mL/min, resulting in two degrees of apparent persulfate activation, 39.5% and 24.6%, respectively. Both ISCO soil column systems showed an initial, long-term plateau in effluent concentrations measured for TCE indicating steady-state dissolution of pure phase TCE. Effluent concentrations of TCE began decreasing after 75 and 100 pore volumes (normalized for the residual fraction of TCE in individual soil columns) in the 39.5% and 24.6% activated persulfate columns as compared to 110 pore volumes in the control study (flushed with electrolyte only). Pseudo first-order rate constants for the decreasing TCE concentrations were calculated using log-linear regression analysis. The measured reaction rate constants for the control, the 0.2 mL/min (39.5% activation) study, and the 0.5 mL/min (24.6% activation) study equaled 0.044, 0.063, and 0.083 hr-1, respectively. Additionally, moment analysis of the complete dissolution of TCE in the persulfate/activated persulfate remediation systems indicated approximately 33% degradation/oxidation of TCE mass present. As shown by this and other work, persulfate has enormous potential as a subsurface remediation technology. A more thorough understanding of the physical and chemical mechanisms controlling the behavior and application of persulfate in the subsurface, especially under transient conditions, is necessary for the growth of this technology. By characterizing heat-activated persulfate under dynamic conditions, describing the overall transport of persulfate/activated persulfate in a natural porous media, as well as a proof of concept for the ISCO treatment of a residual nonaqueous phase liquid, this work aids in improving the implementation of persulfate ISCO systems.
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Read, Betsy A. "Structural analyses and site-directed mutagenesis of the 33 KDA manganese-stabilizing protein from anacystis nidulans R2." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/560292.

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The secondary structure of the 33 kDa manganese-stabilizing protein from Anacystis nidulans R2 was predicted using information from a family of homologous sequences and applying the algorithms of Williams et al. and Zvelebil et al. From the sequence conservation and the predicted secondary structure, nine functionally important domains were identified. Additional algorithms predicted potential antigenic determinants and a region that may serve to bind this polypeptide to the Photosystem II core complex. One of the functionally significant regions exhibits partial sequence similarity to the Mn-binding site of the bacterial superoxide dismutase and was targeted for site-directed mutagenesis. Two aspartic acid residues in this region, which may form carboxyl bridges to stabilize Mn ions, were subjected to saturation mutagenesis. A hybrid vector which affords temperature regulated expression of a cloned gene, was constructed to introduce the various forms of the mutated gene into the cyanobacterium, A. nidulans R2. Pools of Eschericia coli and A. nidulans cells harboring mutant polypeptides have been obtained. Some mutant cyanobacteria display altered pigmentation and differences in generation time dependent upon growth temperature suggesting a functionally significant residue has indeed been altered. Future studies will be concerned with the characterization of specific mutants in order to determine the relationship between the structure and function of this polypeptide.
Department of Biology
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SRIVASTAVA, PRIYANK. "ANALYSIS OF IN-SITU BIORESTORATION OF CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT USING HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1132113070.

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Poon, Kelvin Weng Chun. "In situ chemical analysis of tattooing inks and pigments : modern organic and traditional pigments in ancient mummified remains." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0257.

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At various points in human history, tattooing has been ubiquitous on almost every continent on Earth, used for reasons of aestheticism, religious beliefs or for social purposes. To study the art of tattooing with respect to a particular culture, one must always be critical to any references to the practice (written, pictorial or artefactual) due to issues of translation and misinterpretation. Complete verification may only come with the discovery of actual tattooed human remains. In combination with artefactual and anthropological evidence, these remains not only provide physical proof of the practice in a culture's ancestry but also possess the ability to link various other forms of physical evidence, which on their own would remain speculative. By its very nature, tattooing may only exist while the bearer is alive. Once the owner dies, the skin, along with the tattoo, decomposes (under normal decomposition conditions) and is lost forever. However, tattoos may survive if the dermal layers of the skin are preserved, either by natural or artificial means. The processes of mummification in various civilisations have provided us with a rare opportunity to study the art and processes of tattooing in antiquity. Existing tattooed mummified remains have been found in: Egypt; Siberia; Eastern Central Asia; Greenland; Alaska and St. Lawrence Islands; Central Andes (Peru and Chile); Philippines; New Zealand and Italy. Existing literature regarding the analysis of tattooing inks and pigments once deposited into the skin is very limited. Comparatively, the industrial organic pigments used to colour the majority of modern tattooing inks sold today have not been officially approved by any regulating body and as such, manufacturers are not required to disclose the chemical ingredients of their products. Chemical identification of these tattoo pigments post-procedure will aid medical practitioners in the event of complications or for the purposes of tattoo removal. Forensically, tattoos are often one of the distinguishing features used in the identification of victims of crime or accidents. Experiments were carried out using an animal model (Sus scrofa) for the tattooing. Given the theoretically large but ultimately limited range of substances available to both ancient and modern tattooists, the premise of the experiment involved surveying the literature regarding possible tattooing pigments and either obtaining or reproducing a careful selection of these in the laboratory. These pigments were then tattooed onto the ii animal model and after allowing for the essential healing period, the tattooed areas were excised, with those tattooed with traditional pigments subjected to various simulated mummification environments.
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Neuhuber, Stephanie Maria Ulrike. "In situ measurements of redox chemical species with amperometric techniques to investigate the dynamics of biogeochemical processes in aquatic systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25737.

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Abécassis, Benjamin. "Suivi in situ de la nucléation-croissance de nanoparticules d'or." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00285508.

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Cette thèse porte sur le suivi in situ des mécanismes de formation de nanoparticules d'or en phase liquide (milieu homogène ou microémulsion) par diffusion de rayonnement aux petits angles. La première partie présente les pré-requis nécessaires à la bonne compréhension de la suite du manuscrit ainsi qu'un aperçu de la littérature sur le sujet. Nous exposons ensuite les résultats d'expériences synchrotron de diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles et de spectroscopie UV-visible résolues en temps effectuées in situ lors de la formation de nanoparticules d'or en solution organique. Nous montrons qu'il est possible de suivre la nucléation et la croissance des particules en temps réel et avec une résolution en temps de quelques centaines de millisecondes. Nous montrons que selon la nature chimique du ligand, les processus de nucléation et de croissance peuvent être concomitants ou séparés dans le temps. Dans ce dernier cas, la croissance est limitée par la réaction des monomères à la surface des particules. Nous montrons également que lorsque la synthèse aboutit à des particules de rayon moyen supérieur à 5 nm, elles s'auto-assemblent pour former des super-réseaux possédant une structure cristallographique cubique faces centrées. Dans une troisième partie, nous étudions par une combinaison de techniques complémentaires, des micro émulsions eau/huile/octylammonium d'octanoate dans la partie micelles inverses du diagramme de phase. La structure des ces microémulsions « catanioniques » est élucidée en fonction du contenu en eau, de la température et de la charge de surface. Les différentes topologies observées (sphère, cylindre, longues chaînes flexibles et connectées) et les transitions de phase sont comparées au comportement prédit par une théorie récente prenant en compte l'énergie de courbure du film de tensioactif. Enfin, nous montrons qu'il est possible d'utiliser ces système pour synthétiser des nanoparticules d'or. L'effet « moule » souvent évoqué pour expliquer la formation de nanoparticules en micelles inverses est dans notre cas inexistant. Il est, en outre, possible de séparer et de purifier les nanoparticules par un léger abaissement de la température en tirant partie du comportement en phase original des microémulsions catanioniques.

Books on the topic "In situ chemical analyses":

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1943-, Buffle J., and Horvai George, eds. In situ monitoring of aquatic systems: Chemical analysis and speciation. Chichester: Wiley, 2000.

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United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. New England Division. Chemical analyses of sediment sampling at the Massachusetts Bay Disposal Site, 5-7 June 1989. Waltham, MA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England Division, 1994.

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Charles, Meyer, Treiman Allan H, Kostiuk Theodor, Lunar and Planetary Institute, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Planetary Surface Instruments Workshop: Held at Houston, Texas, May 12-13, 1995. Houston, TX: The Institute, 1996.

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Brill, Robert H. Chemical analyses of early glasses. Corning, N.Y: Corning Museum of Glass, 1999.

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Brill, Robert H. Chemical analyses of early glasses. Corning, N.Y: Corning Museum of Glass, 1999.

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Brill, Robert H. Chemical analyses of early glasses. Corning, N.Y: Corning Museum of Glass, 1999.

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Siegrist, Robert L., Michelle Crimi, and Thomas J. Simpkin, eds. In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7826-4.

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Orhan, Talu, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. In-plant testing of membranes to treat electroplating wastewater. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Orhan, Talu, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. In-plant testing of membranes to treat electroplating wastewater. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Dames & Moore. Hydrogeologic and chemical analyses for the proposed Guadalupe Mountain tailings disposal site ground-water discharge plan, Taos County, New Mexico: Report to Molycorp, Inc., Questa Division, Questa, New Mexico. Phoenix, Ariz: Dames & Moore, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "In situ chemical analyses":

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Hecq, M., and P. Legrand. "In Situ Substrate Chemical Analysis during Sputter Deposition." In Plasma-Surface Interactions and Processing of Materials, 317–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1946-4_20.

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Gronenberg, Ole, Georg Haberfehlner, Finn Zahari, Richard Marquardt, Christian Kübel, Gerald Kothleitner, and Lorenz Kienle. "Critical Discussion of Ex situ and In situ TEM Measurements on Memristive Devices." In Springer Series on Bio- and Neurosystems, 129–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36705-2_5.

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AbstractMemristors are promising candidates for new memory technologies and are capable to mimic synapses in artificial neural networks. The switching in memristive devices occurs typically in few nanometer thin dielectric layers. The direct observation of the switching mechanism is crucial for better comprehension and improvements of memristors. Therefore, in situ experiments are conducted in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). However, sample preparation processes and electron beam irradiation can lead to a chemical and structural modification of the active layers. Moreover, devices may show significant device-to-device variability due to the details of processing parameters. Thus, it is essential to characterize the identical device electrically before microstructural analysis.
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Tabor, M. Wilson. "Chemical Analysis for Assessment and Evaluation of Environmental Pollutants: Fact or Artifact." In In Situ Evaluation of Biological Hazards of Environmental Pollutants, 205–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5808-4_20.

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Hawthorne, Steven B., David J. Miller, and John J. Langenfeld. "Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Polar Analytes Using Modified CO2and In Situ Chemical Derivation." In ACS Symposium Series, 165–78. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0488.ch013.

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Krüger, Sabine. "On-Site Analysis by the Inspection Team. Sampling, Analysis, Equipment, Procedures and Strategies." In Chemical Weapons Convention Chemicals Analysis, 33–50. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470012285.ch3.

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Fisher, Ashley A., Matthew T. Labenski, Terrence J. Monks, and Serrine S. Lau. "Utilization of LC-MS/MS Analyses to Identify Site-Specific Chemical Protein Adducts In Vitro." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 317–26. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-849-2_19.

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Chesworth, Ward, Marta Camps Arbestain, Felipe Macías, Otto Spaargaren, Otto Spaargaren, Y. Mualem, H. J. Morel‐Seytoux, et al. "Chemical Analyses." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 102–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_96.

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Sokolowski, Mieczyslaw. "The OPCW Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer for On-Site Analysis. Instrumentation, AMDIS Software and Preparations for Use." In Chemical Weapons Convention Chemicals Analysis, 51–64. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470012285.ch4.

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Mesilaakso, Markku. "Analysis Strategy for Analysis of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention in An Off-Site Laboratory." In Chemical Weapons Convention Chemicals Analysis, 151–62. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470012285.ch8.

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Kuitunen, Marja-Leena. "Sample Preparation for Analysis of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention in an Off-Site Laboratory." In Chemical Weapons Convention Chemicals Analysis, 163–83. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470012285.ch9.

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Conference papers on the topic "In situ chemical analyses":

1

Wolfrum, J. "Laser In-Situ Monitoring Of Combustion Processes." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1990.wa1.

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Ottesen, D. K., and L. J. Radziemski. "In Situ Elemental Analysis of Particulate Fuels Using Laser Spark Spectroscopy." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1987.tua6.

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One of the most challenging areas for coal combustion diagnostics is that of determining the composition of entrained coal, char, and mineral matter particles in the combustion zone. We are currently evaluating the potential of laser spark spectroscopy as a non-intrusive optical diagnostic for such studies. The technique uses a high power pulsed laser beam focused on a target to form a high temperature plasma which results in an intense emission spectrum. The spectral lines are then used for qualitative analysis of the sample. A brief review of various demonstration experiments is given by Schmieder (1).
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Webber, Michael, S. Kim, D. S. Baer, and R. K. Hanson. "In-situ combustion diagnostics using diode laser absorption sensors." In Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.2000.sua5.

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Shannon, V. L., D. A. Koos, and G. L. Richmond. "In-Situ Measurements of Surface Ordering on Single Crystal Electrode Surfaces by Optical Second Harmonic Generation." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1987.pdp1.

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The characterization of the single crystal electrode surface is of central importance to a detailed understanding of interfacial chemistry. In this paper, we report the first in-situ measurements of electrode surface structure by an optical technique. Sensitivity to surface ordering and symmetry is observed for silver single crystals.
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Schade, Wolfgang, Ulrike Willer, Irina Kostjucenko, Christian Bohling, Thomas Zentgraf, and Dirk Scheel. "Evanescent-field laser sensor for in-situ monitoring of volcano gas emissions." In Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.2002.sab4.

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Allen, Mark G., Bernard L. Upschulte, and David M. Sonnenfroh. "In-Situ Measurements of Combustion Species Using Near-IR Diode Laser Sensors." In Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.1998.lwb.4.

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The rapid improvements in room-temperature diode laser technology for communications and data storage applications has given rise to a entirely new class of potential optical sensors for species composition and gasdynamic parameter measurements. These sensors are finding widespread application to chemical processing, environmental monitoring, and, increasingly, aerodynamic and propulsion needs. High quality devices are now commercially available in a number of discrete spectral windows between 630 nm and 2.0 μm. For aerodynamic and propulsion applications, most activity to date has focussed on O2-based measurements using 763 nm AlGaAs lasers and H2O-based measurements using 1.31 to 1.39 μm InGaAsP lasers. These devices are characterized by a rapid time response, extreme sensitivity, and opto-mechanical robustness consistent with practical industrial installations.
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Cremers, D. A. "Elemental Analysis of Metals at Distances up to 2.4 Meters Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1987.wa4.

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The laser spark has been used extensively in the laboratory to provide an elemental analysis of metals.1 This method, called Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)2, uses a laser spark to vaporize and excite a material. The spark light is then spectrally and temporally resolved, as in other methods of atomic emission spectroscopy, to determine the elemental composition. The method has many potential advantages over more common laboratory-based methods like atomic absorption spectroscopy and the inductively coupled plasma. These advantages include simplicity, minimal sample preparation, possibility of non-invasive and in-situ analysis, and rapid response. On the other hand, the accuracy and precision of LIBS measurements are generally inferior to the laboratory methods thereby cancelling somewhat the advantages of LIBS for routine analyses. In some field-based applications, however, a high degree of analytical performance may not be required. These include prospecting, industrial process control monitoring, and metal identification. The latter area, which includes alloy sorting and identification of stockpiled metals, offers the best chance for immediate application and so has been examined in detail.
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Wehe, Shawn, David M. Sonnenfroh, Mark G. Allen, Claire Gmachl, and Frederico Capasso. "In-situ flame measurements of NO and CO using mid-IR QC lasers." In Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.2002.fc3.

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Lieberman, Steve, David S. Knowles, Greg A. Theriault, and Michele Davey. "Remote Spectroscopy over Optical Fibers for In Situ Measurement of Contaminants in Soil." In Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.1996.lthb.1.

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Fiber optic-based sensor probes have been developed that can be pushed up to 50 meters into the soil for remote, real-time detection of petroleum hydrocarbons using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and metals via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).
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Ebert, V., K. U. Pleban, and J. Wolfrum. "In-situ Oxygen-Monitoring using Near-Infrared Diode Lasers and Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy." In Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.1998.lwb.3.

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Despite increasing recycling quota the removal or long time storage of the remaining municipal waste remains a difficult task. This is valid especially in densely populated countries like Germany or Japan where there is little space for waste disposal sites. Hence waste combustion is used as a effective way to reduce the waste volume and to utilize the energy stored therein. However due to the large inhomogeneities of the refuse its combustion is a very demanding task. To minimize emission of pollutants and corrosion damage and to optimize energy production simultaneously fast in-situ diagnostics and active combustion control systems, like TACCOS [1], a thermography system based on an mid-infrared scanner camera which directly measures local imbalances in the fuel bed temperature or LISA [2], a CO2-laser based in-situ ammonia sensor used for on-line control of NOx removal systems (SNCR or SCR), are required. A very promising tool for the development of fast in-situ sensors are tunable diode lasers. They are inexpensive, compact, rugged, and relatively simple to operate. Due to their fast tunability, high spectral resolution and spectral power density they offer the opportunity for specific, nonintrusive, chemical sensors with a fast time response making them attractive for active combustion control. Since oxygen is one of the most important molecules for all combustion processes and not accessible by alternative optical detection methods there is a strong need (e.g. to adapt the secondary air flow or distribution in incinerators or other combustors) for a fast in-situ oxygen sensor which can measure at high temperatures and close to the reaction zone. Hence in a first attempt we tried to develop a diode laser based in-situ oxygen sensor which had to be fast enough for active control purposes e.g. in incinerators.

Reports on the topic "In situ chemical analyses":

1

Tiku, Pussegoda, and Luffman. L52031 In-Situ Pipeline Mechanical Property Characterization. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011133.

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The focus in the present study was to establish whether there is a reasonable correlation between the Charpy Vee Notch (CVN) toughness and the non-destructive Potential Difference (PD) measurements of ferritic-pearlitic steels having a range of CVN toughness values. Complete material characterization was carried out for six steels procured for this program. The characterization included chemical analysis, microstructural information, tensile properties and CVN transition curves. In addition, most of the data including the CVN transition curves were available for five suitable pipe line steels from a recent publication in the literature.
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Hanson and McNealy. PR-366-083506-R01 Guidelines for In Situ Characterization of Cracks. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010736.

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The purpose of this project was to establish a practical metallographic protocol to distinguish between high pH SCC and near-neutral pH SCC in the ditch. The protocol addresses how to distinguish the crack propagation modes. In addition, the protocol addresses procedures for preparation of sample location areas for analysis through the use of mechanical, electrical, and chemical means considering the quality of results, ease of use, portability, and reliability.
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Murray, Peggy M. Chemical Analyses of Sediment Sampling at the Massachusetts Bay Disposal Site, 5-7 June 1989. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada336609.

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Staib, Philippe, Gregory Belenky, Leon Shterengas, W. L. Calley, and Gela Kipshidze. Chemical Analyzer for In Situ and Real Time Surface Monitoring for Composition Control During Synthesis of Compound Semiconductor Films. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada634008.

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Greinert, Jens. Mine Monitoring in the German Baltic Sea 2022; AL583, 18th - 31st October 2022, Kiel (Germany) – Kiel (Germany) „MineMoni-IV 2022“, ALKOR-Report AL583. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al583.

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ALKOR cruise AL583 took place as part of the EMFF (European Maritime and Fisheries Fund)‐funded projects BASTA (Boost Applied munition detection through Smart data detection in and AI workflows; https://www.basta‐munition.eu) and ExPloTect (Ex‐situ, near‐real‐time detection compound detection in seawater) (also EMFF‐funded). It was the continuation of the munition monitoring started within the BMBF‐funded project UDEMM (Environmental Monitoring for the Delaboration of Munition in the Sea; https://udemm.geomar.de/) and is already part of the new project CONMAR (https://conmar‐ munition.eu/) as part of the DAM mission sustainMare (https://www.sustainmare.de/). Additional sampling supported chemical analysis method development within the MarTERA project AMMOTRACe (Marine AMMunitiOn dump site exploration by surface‐ and underwater‐based laser mass spectrometric TRACing technology; https://www.geomar.de/en/ammotrace ). The original plan was to first work for one week in the North Sea and have a crew change after one week in Kiel and continue working in the Baltic Sea. This plan changed; ALKOR worked instead in Baltic Sea in support of for the Federal Public Prosecutor General and the Federal Police during the first week. The change of crew happened on 18th October in Kiel and the original Baltic Sea cruise was conducted as planned.
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Torres, R. A. Chemical Analyses in the LLNLSuperblock. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1544965.

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van der Werf, I., F. Palmisano, Raffaele De Leo, and Stefano Marrone. Chemical Analyses of Silicon Aerogel Samples. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/955880.

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Bauer, S. J., L. S. Costin, and J. F. Holland. Preliminary analyses in support of in situ thermomechanical investigations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/137488.

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Newby, Richard, and Dale Keairns. Chemical Looping Combustion Sensitivity Analyses: CLOU Concepts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1886364.

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Blanton, M. L., A. T. Cooper, and K. J. Castleton. Nonradiological chemical pathway analysis and identification of chemicals of concern for environmental monitoring at the Hanford Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/137162.

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