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Journal articles on the topic 'In-kind programs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Coate, Stephen, Stephen Johnson, and Richard Zeckhauser. "Pecuniary redistribution through in-kind programs." Journal of Public Economics 55, no. 1 (September 1994): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(94)90078-7.

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2

Schwab, Robert M. "The benefits of in-kind government programs." Journal of Public Economics 27, no. 2 (July 1985): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(85)90046-5.

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3

de Borger, Bruno. "Estimating the welfare implications of in-kind government programs." Journal of Public Economics 38, no. 2 (March 1989): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(89)90026-1.

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4

De Borger, Bruno. "In-Kind Redistribution and Demand-Oriented Housing Subsidies: Some Micro-Simulation Results." Public Finance Quarterly 14, no. 3 (July 1986): 235–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109114218601400301.

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In this article I design and simulate three conceptually different demand-oriented housing programs that are largely consistent with a set of normative rules that have been derived from the literature on efficient redistribution. The results suggest that the proposed in-kind transfer programs have desirable characteristics and are much more equitable than existing, construction-oriented public housing programs.

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Currie, Janet, and Firouz Gahvari. "Transfers in Cash and In-Kind: Theory Meets the Data." Journal of Economic Literature 46, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 333–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.46.2.333.

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We review theoretical explanations for in-kind transfers in light of the limited empirical evidence. After reviewing the traditional paternalistic arguments, we consider explanations based on imperfect information and self-targeting. We then discuss the large literature on in-kind programs as a way of improving the efficiency of the tax system and a range of other possible explanations, including the “Samaritan's Dilemma,” pecuniary effects, credit constraints, asymmetric information amongst agents, and political economy considerations. Our reading of the evidence suggests that paternalism and interdependent preferences are leading overall explanations for the existence of in-kind transfer programs but that some of the other arguments may apply to specific cases. Political economy considerations must also be part of the story.

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Cunha, Jesse M. "Testing Paternalism: Cash versus In-Kind Transfers." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 195–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.6.2.195.

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Welfare programs are often implemented in-kind to promote outcomes that might not be realized under cash transfers. This paper tests whether such paternalistically motivated transfers are justified compared to cash, using a randomized controlled trial of Mexico's food assistance program. In relation to total food consumption, the in-kind transfer was infra-marginal and nondistorting. However, the transfer contained ten food items, and there was large variation in the extent to which individual foods were extra-marginal and distorting. Small differences in the nutritional intake of women and children under in-kind transfers did not lead to meaningful differential improvements in health outcomes compared to cash. (JEL I14, I18, I38, O15)

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Yakovlev, A. "What Kind of Firms Has Investment Programs in the Crisis Times and What Kind of Barriers Do They Face?" Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2009): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2009-12-100-110.

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The paper considers the behavior of Russian enterprises during the current crisis using the data of the latest survey of 1000 manufacturing firms. Special attention is paid to features of firms planning big investment for the next 12 months. The links between current investment plans, previous investment in 2005-2008 and other factors are shown. Finally we analyze the most important barriers for doing business from the point of view of investors.

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Makarskaitė-Petkevičienė, Rita. "THE NEW EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS: SOME SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 19, no. 2 (December 28, 2022): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/22.19.54.

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Every system or field of activity faces challenges of one kind or another from time to time. For example, something becomes morally outdated, no longer corresponds to the actualities of the time, as a result of which even minor transformations occur. They also take place in the education system, because emerging new educational environments and tools, changing educational contexts, and global current affairs give signs that the existing educational content "needs repair". The new programs provide not only compulsory (70%), but optional learning content (30%). It may be difficult to distinguish between mandatory and optional content in the educational process, as the latter will organically complement, expand or deepen the mandatory content. The use of optional learning content allows teachers and school communities to plan it in their own way. It brings a kind of freedom, but also a sense of responsibility. Also, it opens up great opportunities for collaboration between teachers (primarily science subjects). Keywords: educational content, educational environments, learning content

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Doocy, Shannon, Hannah Tappis, Emily Lyles, Joseph Witiw, and Vicki Aken. "Emergency Food Assistance in Northern Syria: An Evaluation of Transfer Programs in Idleb Governorate." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 38, no. 2 (March 30, 2017): 240–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572117700755.

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Background: The war in Syria has left millions struggling to survive amidst violent conflict, pervasive unemployment, and food insecurity. Although international assistance funding is also at an all-time high, it is insufficient to meet the needs of conflict-affected populations, and there is increasing pressure on humanitarian stakeholders to find more efficient, effective ways to provide assistance. Objective: To evaluate 3 different assistance programs (in-kind food commodities, food vouchers, and unrestricted vouchers) in Idleb Governorate of Syria from December 2014 and March 2015. Methods: The evaluation used repeated survey data from beneficiary households to determine whether assistance was successful in maintaining food security at the household level. Shopkeeper surveys and program monitoring data were used to assess the impact on markets at the district/governorate levels and compare the cost-efficiency and cost-effectiveness of transfer modalities. Results: Both in-kind food assistance and voucher programs showed positive effects on household food security and economic measures in Idleb; however, no intervention was successful in improving all outcomes measured. Food transfers were more likely to improve food access and food security than vouchers and unrestricted vouchers. Voucher programs were found to be more cost-efficient than in-kind food assistance, and more cost-effective for increasing household food consumption. Conclusion: Continuation of multiple types of transfer programs, including both in-kind assistance and vouchers, will allow humanitarian actors to remain responsive to evolving access and security considerations, local needs, and market dynamics.

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10

García Castillo, Jorge. "Deciding between cash-based and in-kind distributions during humanitarian emergencies." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 11, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 272–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-07-2020-0060.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical model to decide between cash-based and in-kind distributions during emergency responses considering the needs of beneficiaries and market conditions. To allow the switch between modalities, a preparedness framework for humanitarian organizations (HOs) is provided.Design/methodology/approachA mathematical model is proposed to help humanitarian responders make quantitative decisions on the type of programs to implement in emergency responses. The model was applied to a field response by an international HO during the COVID-19 emergency in Colombia.FindingsCash-based and in-kind distributions are not mutually exclusive response modalities during emergencies, and the real needs of beneficiaries and market effects should be included in the modality selection decision to improve program effectiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is focused on short-term immediate response to emergencies; the proposed model assumes favorable market conditions and limits the aid options to direct in-kind and multipurpose cash assistance, excluding other types of cash transfers.Practical implicationsThe research outlines practical preconditions to operationalize switching between programs during an emergency. The study provides evidence that HOs should consider dynamics decision tools to select aid modalities and evaluate their response depending on market conditions.Social implicationsConsidering aid modality as a dynamic decision and including the needs from beneficiaries in the choice can have profound impact in the dignifying of humanitarian response to emergencies.Originality/valueThe quantitative model to decide between aid modalities is a novel approach to include beneficiaries' needs and market dynamics into humanitarian supply chain research. The preparedness framework closes the gap between the emergency preparedness literature and the operational constraints that organizations face for fast program implementation.

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Lusk, Jayson L., and Amanda Weaver. "An experiment on cash and in-kind transfers with application to food assistance programs." Food Policy 68 (April 2017): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.02.005.

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12

Aierbe-Barandiaran, Ana, Concepción Medrano-Samaniego, and Juan-Ignacio Martínez-de-Morentín. "Intimacy in television programs: Adolescents’ perception." Comunicar 18, no. 35 (October 1, 2010): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c35-2010-03-02.

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Despite the negative criticism leveled at them, certain television genres which treat intimate problems and issues as a kind of spectacle may also help adolescents learn how to cope with interpersonal situations and gain awareness of key social problems. This study focuses on examining the arguments that adolescents use to explain their possible participation (or lack of participation), either as guests or members of the audience, in Celebrity Gossip Shows (Salsa Rosa) and Talk Shows (Diario de Patricia), within the interpretative framework of Turiel’s theory (2002). To this end, interviews were conducted with adolescents from the Basque Autonomous Region and the answers given were grouped into three domains: conventional, moral or private. The results found show that the vast majority would not consider attending these programs for private reasons, and when asked to think in what hypothetical case they would consider participating, any change of opinion was always «Diario de Patricia» or almost always «Salsa Rosa» prompted by moral motives. All of those who said they would participate in the two programs justified their answer using conventional arguments. We can conclude that the adolescents participating in the study continue to value personal privacy, even in association with certain television programs in which the limits between private and public are transgressed. Determinados géneros televisivos que mediatizan la intimidad en forma de espectáculo, a pesar de las críticas negativas que reciben, también pueden servir a los adolescentes para aprender cómo afrontar situaciones interpersonales y tomar conciencia de problemas sociales relevantes. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo conocer los argumentos que los adolescentes exponen para explicar su posible presencia o no como público o protagonista en los programas de crónica rosa (Salsa Rosa) y «talk show» (Diario de Patricia), en el marco interpretativo de la teoría de Turiel (2002). Para ello, se han llevado a cabo entrevistas con adolescentes de la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca cuyas respuestas se han categorizado en los dominios convencional, moral o privado y, posteriormente, han sido analizadas mediante el programa Nudist. Los resultados hallados muestran que la gran mayoría no acudirían a estos programas por argumentos privados y, cuando se les pide que piensen en qué caso hipotético acudirían, el cambio de opinión, siempre «Diario de Patricia» (DP) o casi siempre «Salsa Rosa» (SR), va acompañado de motivos morales. Por otra parte, la totalidad de los que acudirían a ambos programas lo justifican con argumentos convencionales. Se concluye que los adolescentes participantes en este estudio continúan concediendo valor a la privacidad, aun cuando se asocia a determinados programas televisivos en los que se transgreden los límites entre lo privado y lo público.

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Albatayneh, Aiman. "The Share of Energy Consumption by End Use in Electrical Residential Buildings in Jordan." Environmental and Climate Technologies 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 754–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0058.

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Abstract Jordan and many countries unfortunately have no up-to-date reliable data on the share of electrical energy consumption by end-use in its residential buildings. Therefore, to determine the share in Jordan’s middle district, detailed data was completed for around 350 buildings. The participants in this survey were engineering students in their final year of an energy auditing course in the German Jordanian University. The data were used to determine the primary share of electrical energy end-use in residential buildings. These data, the first of their kind in Jordan, were recorded by trained participants and are essential for the adoption of appropriate future energy efficiency programs in Jordan. These shares of electrical energy consumption by end use in residential buildings in Jordan are the first of their kind it is necessary to ensure adequate planning for future energy efficiency programs in Jordan and this will enable policymakers to support certain technologies and implement large-scale energy efficiency programs in the residential sector.

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14

Dunn, James W. "Future Directions for the Government in Agriculture." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 25, no. 2 (October 1996): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500007784.

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The 1996 Farm Bill marks a new direction for the government in agriculture. By decoupling payments from price levels for crops, it undermines long-run political support for programs. Dairy price supports will end in 2000, and nutrition programs will be on a separate reauthorization schedule from farm programs. Together, these actions should weaken the farm bill coalition, making the remaining programs much more difficult to reauthorize than in earlier years. The 1996 Farm Bill may be the last farm bill of its kind and the beginning of the end to active government involvement in agricultural markets.

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15

Oram, Ruby. "“A Superior Kind of Working Woman”: The Contested Meaning of Vocational Education for Girls in Progressive Era Chicago." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 20, no. 3 (July 2021): 392–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153778142100013x.

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AbstractProgressive Era school officials transformed public education in American cities by teaching male students trades like foundry, carpentry, and mechanics in classrooms outfitted like factories. Historians have demonstrated how this “vocational education movement” was championed by male administrators and business leaders anxious to train the next generation of expert tradesmen. But women also hoped vocational education could prepare female students for industrial careers. In the early twentieth century, members of the National Women’s Trade Union League demanded that public schools open trade programs to female students and teach future working women the history of capitalism and the philosophy of collective bargaining. Their ambitious goals were tempered by some middle-class reformers and club women who argued vocational programs should also prepare female students for homemaking and motherhood. This article uses Chicago as a case study to explore how Progressive Era women competed and collaborated to reform vocational education for girls, and how female students responded to new school programs designed to prepare them for work both in and outside the home.

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Zafar, Y., A. Asabere, and A. Bastian. "1213 Oncology patient assistance programs (PAPs): A first-in-kind analysis of US drug manufacturer program benefits and eligibility requirements." European Journal of Cancer 51 (September 2015): S176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30517-2.

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17

Seitvelieva, S. N., and L. O. Manzhos. "Cloud computing specialist certification programs." CTE Workshop Proceedings 1 (March 21, 2013): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55056/cte.141.

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All over the world, the demand for the implementation of cloud information infrastructure of enterprises, organizations, and institutions has increased. This trend is followed by educational institutions, this "cloud" trend is proved by the figures given by the research company IHS iSuppli (www.ihs.com): subscriptions to cloud services will continue to grow, increasing, according to estimates, from 625 million in 2013 to 1.3 billion users by 2017. The general, justified by practice, including pedagogy, interest in cloud technology is a kind of challenge for IT professionals. Participation in specialized trainings and courses allows students and teachers of computer specialties to increase the level of knowledge, expand the current set of skills in cloud computing technologies.

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Bowles, Andrew. "Trends in applying abstract interpretation." Knowledge Engineering Review 7, no. 2 (June 1992): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900006275.

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AbstractAbstract interpretation is a principled approach to inferring properties of a program's execution by simulating that execution using an interpreter which computes over some abstraction of the program's usual, concrete domain, and which collects the information of interest during the execution. Abstract interpretation has been used as the basis of research in logic and functional programming, particularly in applications concerned with compiler optimizations. However, abstract interpretation has the potential to be used in other applications, such as debugging or verification of programs. In this paper we review the use of abstract interpretation to both compiler optimizations and to other applications, attempting to give a flavour of the kind of information it is possible to infer and some of the issues involved

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EBRAHIMNEJAD, ALI, SEYED HADI NASSERI, and FARHAD HOSSEINZADEH LOTFI. "BOUNDED LINEAR PROGRAMS WITH TRAPEZOIDAL FUZZY NUMBERS." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 18, no. 03 (June 2010): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488510006532.

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Recently Ganesan and Veeramani introduced a new approach for solving a kind of linear programming problems involving symmetric trapezoidal fuzzy numbers without converting them to the crisp linear programming problems. But their approach is not efficient for situations in which some or all variables are restricted to lie within fuzzy lower and fuzzy upper bounds. In this paper, by a natural extension of their approach we obtain some new results leading to a new method to overcome this shortcoming.

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Runciman, Colin, and David Wakeling. "Heap profiling of lazy functional programs." Journal of Functional Programming 3, no. 2 (April 1993): 217–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796800000708.

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AbstractWe describe the design, implementation and use of a new kind of profiling tool that yields valuable information about the memory use of lazy functional programs. The tool has two parts: a modified functional language implementation which generates profiling information during the execution of programs, and a separate program which converts this information to graphical form. With the aid of profile graphs, one can make alterations to a functional program which dramatically reduce its space consumption. We demonstrate this in the case of a genuine example - the first to which the tool was applied - for which the results are strikingly successful.

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McGrath, Helen. "Social skills training: where are we going?" Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 6, S1 (May 1996): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100003228.

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This paper looks at social skills intervention programs for students. The arguments and research evidence for teaching social skills are discussed as well as the issue of which social skills should be taught. Conclusions are drawn about the most effective kind of intervention programs and arguments are presented for educational psychologist to work in collaboration with teachers to present social skills programs. The issue of peer reputations is discussed.

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Chen, Jian, Kai Xiong Su, Xiu Zhi Yang, and Rong Hua Lin. "A Highly Effective Multiplexing Strategy of VBR Real-Time Stream in Multiple Channels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.233.

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In the demand of compounding transmission with SD and HD programs, based on analyzing two kind of multiplexing models’ characteristic with monopolizing buffer and sharing buffer, it proposes a kind of highly effective multiplexing strategy for multi-channel MPEG-2/AVS real-time stream. As is indicated by theoretical derivation and simulated result, this strategy can multiplex the greatest data quantity, without transmitting loss and with the least resource, thus is more advantageous in raising channel utilization.

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Inciardi, James A., and Hilary L. Surratt. "Les communautés thérapeutiques en milieu carcéral." Criminologie 29, no. 1 (August 16, 2005): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017381ar.

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The author focuses on therapeutic communities, particularly the KEY and CREST programs, applied in the state of Delaware since 1988. There programs are aimed at substance users living either in correctional settings (KEY) or on probation (CREST). This research tries to evaluate both programs according to the subject's relapse rate after 6 months. Based on the results, it has been determined that the subjects who participated in these programs successively had better chances of never using drugs again than those who had been in only one of the two programs, or neither. Other American experiments of the same kind have shown similar results.

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Schwertner, Monika. "Women‑dedicated Leadership Programs as One of More Effective Methods of Developing Women Leaders– Current Status and Future Vision in Companies in Poland." Kwartalnik Ekonomistów i Menedżerów 33, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.4596.

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This paper considers the important role of developmental programs designed and run specifically for women, not as the only training offer recommended for them but as an addition to other leadership courses. The author examines first companies engagement in the idea of promoting women leadership and their strategies of achieving tangible effects in this matter. Based on a survey, the author checks whether female employees in Poland are provided with women‑dedicated leadership programs and whether the newest scien‑ tific findings on the benefits of women‑dedicated programs are considered by companies when they plan development paths for women‑employees. At the end the author inves‑ tigates on attractiveness of the idea of women‑dedicated leadership programs for female employees in Poland and what kind of benefits they would expect from participating in such programs.

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Vasetskaya, N. O. "Program-target management as a tool of financial implementation of special federal programs." Economics of Science 5, no. 3 (October 13, 2019): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2019-5-3-160-169.

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The article investigates the program-target method of management in the field of budget financing as one of the effective tools for the implementation of economic and social policy of the state. The analysis of interpretations of program-target management within which absence of unambiguous definition of this phenomenon is shown is carried out. Statistical data on budget financing of special federal programs, in particular in the direction of «Development of high technologies» are considered. Analyzed special federal programs «Research and development on priority directions of development of scientific-technological complex of Russia» 2007–2013 and 2014–2020 shows the existence of differences in their implementation, such as the kind supported by research, the volume of attracted extra-budgetary co-financing, method of formation of subjects. It was noted that during the implementation of the current special federal programs there are such negative phenomena as the absence of real mechanisms for the transfer of science into national programs implemented by other ministries, reducing the efficiency of the mechanism of public-private partnerships and the risks of formation of subjects «under the artist» without examination of the proper quality.

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Ciematnieks, Uģis, and Beāte Streiķe. "PHYSICAL CONDITIONING OF TEENAGERS IN DIFFERENT KIND OF SPORTS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 6 (May 20, 2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol6.5062.

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Physical conditioning is crucial in building motion skills if the coach wants to ensure long-term athletic development. The essence is that physical conditioning needs to be developed before the development of technical skills of sports movements at a much higher intensity at each stage of the multi-annual training process. The adult competition system and training programs are being imposed on young athletes, so the essential motion skills are not being learned (Grāvītis @ Luika, 2015). The lack of physical conditioning in teenage years is very often reflected in the most inappropriate moments of an athlete's career, at the elite level. Insufficient physical conditioning is a reason for the instability of motion skills and injuries in extreme physical and psychological loads. The amount of physical activity can be measured as a step count. The aim of the research is to assess physical fitness rate for children practicing basketball, football or ice hockey with EUROFIT test battery. The study included boys, 100 basketball players, 100 soccer players and 100 ice hockey players from Latvia who were born in 2002 and started training in their sport during at the ages from 7 to 9, collected data of their conditioning for five years, divided into three age groups. According to EUROFIT tests, it was concluded that the ice hockey players have the highest physical conditioning rates according to EUROFIT standard from the athletes analyzed, and the basketball players have the lowest physical conditioning rates in EUROFIT tests from the athletes analyzed. We can conclude that the results of hockey players are higher than the scores of basketball and soccer players because ice hockey players practice more frequently, and dryland training is strictly organized, they develop all motor abilities that is needed for successive training in basic drills on ice.

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Chen, Deng, Rubing Huang, Binbin Qu, Sheng Jiang, and Jianping Ju. "Mining Class Temporal Specification Dynamically Based on Extended Markov Model." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 25, no. 03 (April 2015): 573–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194015500047.

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Class temporal specification is a kind of important program specifications especially for object-oriented programs, which specifies that interface methods of a class should be called in a particular sequence. Currently, most existing approaches mine this kind of specifications based on finite state automaton. Observed that finite state automaton is a kind of deterministic models with inability to tolerate noise. In this paper, we propose to mine class temporal specifications relying on a probabilistic model extending from Markov chain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work of learning specifications from object-oriented programs dynamically based on probabilistic models. Different from similar works, our technique does not require annotating programs. Additionally, it learns specifications in an online mode, which can refine existing models continuously. Above all, we talk about problems regarding noise and connectivity of mined models and a strategy of computing thresholds is proposed to resolve them. To investigate our technique's feasibility and effectiveness, we implemented our technique in a prototype tool ISpecMiner and used it to conduct several experiments. Results of the experiments show that our technique can deal with noise effectively and useful specifications can be learned. Furthermore, our method of computing thresholds provides a strong assurance for mined models to be connected.

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Tsuda, Izumi, Kazue Setoguchi, and Noriyuki Tatsumi. "Comparison of two data interpretation programs in automated blood cell counters." Journal of Automatic Chemistry 12, no. 3 (1990): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924690000128.

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Two data interpretation programs incorporated into two different automated blood cell counters were evaluated. The programs analysed size distribution histograms for screening for abnormal specimens. The messages given by the programs were ‘normal’, ‘abnormal’ and ‘suspect’. ‘Abnormal’ messages meant abnormalities in the values of the measured parameters. ‘Suspect’ messages were given when the histograms showed either a possibility of the existence of abnormal blood cells, or an abnormal level of such cells; re-examination by a manual method was necessary for such specimens. For reference, the manual differential was done. The false-negative rate for each kind of message was less than 10% and efficiency was about 90%. These programs were helpful in avoiding unnecessary manual observations in reducing the workload in a routine clinical laboratory.

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Kang, Minseong, and Byeong-il Ahn. "The Welfare Effects of Changing the Payment Method of Food Assistance Program from Discount and In-kind Transfer to e-voucher: A Graphical Analysis." Korean Agricultural Economics Association 63, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24997/kjae.2022.63.3.1.

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This study proposes a theoretical method for evaluating the effects of food assistance programs in terms of consumer welfare. In particular, we develope a mechanism to derive the equivalent variation to measure the welfare effects of changing the payment method of food assistance programs from discount and in-kind transfer to e-voucher. Further, in order to intuitively present the aforementioned theoretical discussion, this study attempts to visualize the changes in utility and budget constraint based on the economic theory on consumer choice. The results of the graphical analysis show that beneficiaries can achieve a higher level of utility when the benefits are paid through e-voucher system rather than through in-kind transfer. However, it is found that the sign of the welfare effect is varied across the characteristics of consumers when changing the payment method from discount to e-voucher.

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Schulte, Daniel L., Tad A. Skinner, and Charles D. Claiborn. "Religious and Spiritual Issues in Counseling Psychology Training." Counseling Psychologist 30, no. 1 (January 2002): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000002301009.

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To explore the kind of training counseling psychology programs provide with respect to religious and spiritual issues, surveys were distributed to training directors or designated representatives of 69 counseling psychology programs in the United States. Responses were received from 40, or 58%, of the programs. Results indicated that programs offered relatively little in the way of formal course work in religious or spiritual issues. In addition, participants indicated that in their programs (a) religion and spirituality were often but not always considered a diversity issue; (b) knowledge about religious and spiritual traditions was not generally seen as important to the expertise of faculty members, practicum supervisors, and therapists; (c) religious and spiritual issues received variable attention in didactic and practicum training; and (d) there was considerable openness to research on religious and spiritual topics. Results are discussed in terms of their relevance to counseling psychology practice, research, and professional identity.

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Cox, Nicholas J. "Speaking Stata: On Numbers and Strings." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 2, no. 3 (September 2002): 314–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x0200200308.

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The great divide among data types in Stata is between numeric and string variables. Most of the time, which kind you want to use for particular variables is clear and unproblematic, but surprisingly often, users face difficulties in making the right decision or need to convert variables from one kind to another. The main problems that may arise and their possible solutions are surveyed with reference both to official Stata and to user-written programs.

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GASCARD, ERIC, and LAURENCE PIERRE. "FORMAL PROOF OF APPLICATIONS DISTRIBUTED IN SYMMETRIC INTERCONNECTION NETWORKS." Parallel Processing Letters 13, no. 01 (March 2003): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626403001094.

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This paper focuses on the formal proof of parallel programs dedicated to distributed memory symmetric interconnection networks; communications are realized by message passing. We have developed a method to formally verify the computational correctness of this kind of application. Using the notion of Cayley graphs to model the networks in the Nqthm theorem prover, we have formally specified and mechanically proven correct a large set of collective communication primitives. Our compositional approach allows us to reuse these libraries of pre-proven procedures to validate complex application programs within Nqthm. This is illustrated by three examples.

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Kassem, Mohamed Abd El-Hady. "Characterization of the stability set for non-differentiable fuzzy parametric optimization problems." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2005, no. 12 (2005): 1995–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijmms.2005.1995.

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This note presents the characterization of the stability set of the first kind for multiobjective nonlinear programming (MONLP) problems with fuzzy parameters either in the constraints or in the objective functions without any differentiability assumptions. These fuzzy parameters are characterized by triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs). The existing results concerning the parametric space in convex programs are reformulated to study for multiobjective nonlinear programs under the concept ofα-Pareto optimality.

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Jorm, Christine, and Malcolm Parker. "Medical leadership is the New Black: or is it?" Australian Health Review 39, no. 2 (2015): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14013.

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Considerable resources are being invested in healthcare leadership development programs and there is a new requirement for leadership teaching for Australian medical students. The new attention to medical leadership may be a reaction to loss of medical status and power. There is little evidence for return on investment from such programs. It is simply not clear what kind of leadership training is needed for collaborative work to improve healthcare nor what kind of organisational structures enable productive exercise of medical leadership skills. Caution is recommended. What is known about the topic? Considerable resources are being invested in healthcare leadership development programs and there is a new requirement to add leadership to the curricula for Australian medical students. What does this paper add? The lack of logic in calls for mass leadership training is explored. This may not only be a poor return on investment but also potentially reinforce medical attitudes that are unhelpful for modern healthcare. What are the implications for practitioners? A cautious approach to training large numbers of doctors and students is recommended.

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Bai, Chong Xi, Xin Yan Shao, and Qiu Ping Wang. "Calculation Methods of CFRP Tendons Stress in Two-Span Prestressed Continuous Beams." Advanced Materials Research 859 (December 2013): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.859.60.

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Crack width, deflection and load bearing capacity of two-span concrete continuous beams partially prestressed with unbonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendons can be calculated accurately, the first premise is to calculate reasonably the stress increment of CFRP tendons. However, the law of stress increment of unbonded tendons is unclear. Moment-curvature analysis method and deformation compatibility condition were used to compile nonlinear full-range analysis programs of this kind of continuous beam. The comparison between simulated results and tested results of stress in CFRP tendons indicates that the simulation analysis programs are reliable.

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Khan, Huma, and Sajjad Ahmad Paracha. "Educational Programs on Children Television: A Content Analysis." Global Regional Review IV, no. IV (December 30, 2019): 388–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-iv).42.

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This research study is about childrens educational TV programs broadcasted by Top 10 International children entertainment TV channels. The researcher has adopted a content analysis method to analyze the number of educational TV programs broadcasted, their themes and genres. What kind of message these educational programs deliver, for which specific age group they were designed. The data was collected from educational television research organizations.TV has a vital place in childrens life. They consume a share of their leisure time in front of the television. This research study proved that watching educational programs in childhood improved their academic performance and it has a positive effect on their learning behavior, cognition, and socialization skill, emotional and intellectual development.

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CUTERI, BERNARDO, CARMINE DODARO, FRANCESCO RICCA, and PETER SCHÜLLER. "Partial Compilation of ASP Programs." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 19, no. 5-6 (September 2019): 857–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068419000231.

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AbstractAnswer Set Programming (ASP) is a well-known declarative formalism in logic programming. Efficient implementations made it possible to apply ASP in many scenarios, ranging from deductive databases applications to the solution of hard combinatorial problems. State-of-the-art ASP systems are based on the traditional ground&solve approach and are general-purpose implementations, i.e., they are essentially built once for any kind of input program. In this paper, we propose an extended architecture for ASP systems, in which parts of the input program are compiled into an ad-hoc evaluation algorithm (i.e., we obtain a specific binary for a given program), and might not be subject to the grounding step. To this end, we identify a condition that allows the compilation of a sub-program, and present the related partial compilation technique. Importantly, we have implemented the new approach on top of a well-known ASP solver and conducted an experimental analysis on publicly-available benchmarks. Results show that our compilation-based approach improves on the state of the art in various scenarios, including cases in which the input program is stratified or the grounding blow-up makes the evaluation unpractical with traditional ASP systems.

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Cunningham, Donald H., and Jeanette G. Harris. "Undergraduate Technical and Professional Writing Programs: A Question of Status." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 24, no. 2 (April 1994): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ta1y-72ah-05ym-ukey.

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The results of our recent survey of the membership of the Association of Teachers of Technical Writing, Associated Writing Programs, and the Council of Writing Program Administration indicate the relative health of undergraduate writing programs (major, concentration, or certificate programs, not service courses) in American four-year universities and colleges. During the past five years there has been a significant increase in the number of undergraduate writing programs, including technical and professional writing. But responses to our survey also suggest that while undergraduate technical and professional writing programs comprise the second largest group of programs (behind creative writing) they are not increasing as rapidly as a new kind of undergraduate writing program—a broad-based program that students can complete by taking a wide range of creative writing, composition, journalism, and technical and professional writing courses. The future seems unclear for traditional undergraduate technical and professional writing programs, and faculties need to examine their options in designing or redesigning their programs.

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Victoria-Mas, Juan Salvador. "From the school in television to the (digital) television in the school." Comunicar 14, no. 27 (October 1, 2006): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c27-2006-15.

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In this paper, first, three implicits insights are identified regarding relationships between education and television. Next is the description of one kind of development from television programs «sort of educational» to the properly educational television programs. Finally, we focus in the ideal of interactivity in one television alreadey converged, in some cases, with internet. In the epilogue, an insight is proposed regarding two platonic miths, one about participation in the communication and another about the breaking of the unidirectionality and of the mass communication media like television seems to carry us.En el presente artículo se identifican, en primer lugar, los tres implícitos principales en las relaciones entre educación y televisión. Se describe a continuación una evolución desde los programas de tipo educativo a los propiamente educativos. Y se apunta, finalmente, hacia el ideal de la interactividad en una televisión que ya ha convergido, en algunos casos, con el medio Internet. En el epílogo, se aporta una reflexión a propósito de dos mitos platónicos referridos a la participación en la comunicación y a la ruptura de la unidireccionalidad y de la comunicación de masas hacia la que parecían abocarnos medios como la televisión.

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Sahedan, Norsuhada, Norlida Jaafar, and Siti Badariah Saiful Nathan. "Prominent Entrepreneur Traits for Income Generating Programs Performance." ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 4, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/abrij.v4i2.9982.

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Income Generating Program is one of the Malaysian government’s interventions in alleviating urban poverty. Training, motivation, mind development courses and in-kind transfers are provided in the programs productive hard-core and poor individuals to encourage them to participate in entrepreneurship and other income-generating activities that will reduce their poverty. Despite its poverty reduction success, there still remains failure of some programs in achieving the objective of the programs especially in increasing the beneficiaries’ income level. This concept paper has several objectives, a brief description on issues of income generating programs, reviewing the entrepreneur traits which have been found to be prominent in previous studies, i.e., knowledge and skills, motivation, risk taking and passion which have been selected as correlates in the income level.

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Papadopoulou, Paraskevi, Christina Marouli, and Anastasia Misseyanni. "Sustaining Healthcare: Bridging Education with Biomedical and Healthcare Challenges." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n2p211.

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Major advances and breakthroughs in Medicine and Healthcare are transforming our world. How will we manage to tackle our disease burden to improve our day-to-day well-being especially if in developed countries the global population of people over 80 will more than triple by 2050 and in the less developed ones the youth profile will escalate? Will Europeans as an example, find ways to balance budgets and restrain spending and come up with a sustainable survival strategy for Europe’s healthcare systems? This work addresses a number of challenging questions and offers “smart” solutions and a framework on how to develop and sustain new models of care and improve the public services profile with the vision to become globally leading healthcare institutions mainly in Europe and particularly in Greece. The nature of programs in biomedical and healthcare sciences, the kind of educators and healthcare professionals and how to technologically and practically support such programs is considered. How to connect Biomedical programs with Medical Centers and what kind of student internships can be developed is discussed. What it means to have patient-centered medical centers which abide by strict European and international guidelines and certifications and how to provide top quality medical services is also examined. Keywords: Education, Healthcare, Medicine, Biomedical Programs, Smart Solutions, Internships, International Certifications

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Shamrova, D. P., A. V. Tikhomirova, and T. G. Podushkina. "System analysis of evidencesof the impact of child involvement in evaluating social programs on their psychological development." Современная зарубежная психология 5, no. 2 (2016): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2016050205.

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This article discusses the development of children's participation in the evaluation of social programs and evidences of the positive impact of this kind of participation on the psychological development of children. The article includes the overview of 27 foreign studies concerning children and organizing the evidences of the impact provided by the child participatory behavioron his/her psychological development. The review shows that inclusion of children in the evaluationprogram can contribute to positive development of theirs. The authors also discuss the inclusion of children in the evaluation of social projects and programs, and the opportunity for developmentof thispractice in Russia

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Kageyama, Akira, and Asako Tomiyama. "Visualization framework for CAVE virtual reality systems." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 07, no. 04 (December 2016): 1643001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962316430017.

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We have developed a software framework for scientific visualization in immersive-type, room-sized virtual reality (VR) systems, or Cave automatic virtual environment (CAVEs). This program, called Multiverse, allows users to select and invoke visualization programs without leaving CAVE’s VR space. Multiverse is a kind of immersive “desktop environment” for users, with a three-dimensional graphical user interface. For application developers, Multiverse is a software framework with useful class libraries and practical visualization programs as samples.

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Nguyen, Quoc Khac, and Thanh Ngoc Dan Nguyen. "REALITY OF ASSESSING GROUP WORK SKILLS IN CDIO-BASED TRAINING PROGRAMS." Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University 1, no. 2 (August 6, 2019): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/18594816.1.2.2019.182.

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Courses in the undergraduate Information Technology CDIO-based training program are usually designed to integrate at least one kind of soft skills. In fact, teamwork is one of the skills that has been most applied by lecturers. However, lecturers often find it very difficult to assess learners fairly, objectively and comprehensively when applying this method while they are well aware of the fact that assessment is a particularly important stage and has a strong impact on both learners’ learning results and the quality of a training program. The paper presents the facts and recommends solutions to assessing learners through their teamwork skills in curriculum based on CDIO approach.

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Bowman, Deborah. "Folklife and Education." Practicing Anthropology 7, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1985): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.7.1-2.t87245726864k271.

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From 1980 to 1983, I served as the Folklife in Education Coordinator for the Ohio Arts Council. The program is an outgrowth of a collaboration between the Folk Arts and the Artists in Education programs, which the National Endowment for the Arts designed to incorporate folk arts and artists into AIE's Artists-in-Residence program. By 1980 twenty-seven states offered some kind of school or community program where folk artists spent a period of days or weeks working with students of all ages. These programs are increasingly popular. Most states now offer residency programs, curriculum materials, and other opportunities for bringing students into closer communion with the folk traditions of their culture or geographic area through state arts agencies, folklife programs or Parks and Recreation departments.

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Salehi, Khayyam, Jaber Karimpour, Habib Izadkhah, and Ayaz Isazadeh. "Channel Capacity of Concurrent Probabilistic Programs." Entropy 21, no. 9 (September 12, 2019): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21090885.

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Programs are under continuous attack for disclosing secret information, and defending against these attacks is becoming increasingly vital. An attractive approach for protection is to measure the amount of secret information that might leak to attackers. A fundamental issue in computing information leakage is that given a program and attackers with various knowledge of the secret information, what is the maximum amount of leakage of the program? This is called channel capacity. In this paper, two notions of capacity are defined for concurrent probabilistic programs using information theory. These definitions consider intermediate leakage and the scheduler effect. These capacities are computed by a constrained nonlinear optimization problem. Therefore, an evolutionary algorithm is proposed to compute the capacities. Single preference voting and dining cryptographers protocols are analyzed as case studies to show how the proposed approach can automatically compute the capacities. The results demonstrate that there are attackers who can learn the whole secret of both the single preference protocol and dining cryptographers protocol. The proposed evolutionary algorithm is a general approach for computing any type of capacity in any kind of program.

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Jin, Liyin, and Yunhui Huang. "When giving money does not work: The differential effects of monetary versus in-kind rewards in referral reward programs." International Journal of Research in Marketing 31, no. 1 (March 2014): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2013.08.005.

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Hendrix, Burke A. "Context, Equality, and Aboriginal Compensation Claims." Dialogue 50, no. 4 (December 2011): 669–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217312000017.

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ABSTRACT: Jeremy Waldron argues that the historical ownership rights of Aboriginal peoples can be superseded, yet acknowledges that programs of historically grounded compensation are justifiable in the absence of widespread redistribution. This article argues that existing states lack social justice programs of the requisite kind, and that they will continue to do so in the foreseeable future. Moreover, even the best-designed programs will be far more ambiguous than Waldron encourages us to recognize, given the unavoidability of inheritance-based inequalities. The article argues that philosophers should pay special attention to political context when evaluating the claims of socially vulnerable populations such as Aboriginal peoples.

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Kostopoulos, Kostis. "Commitment Decisions: The New Kind of Settlement in European Competition Law. Application in Air Transport." Air and Space Law 34, Issue 1 (February 1, 2009): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2009002.

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A ‘commitment decision’ is a decision through which Competition Authorities make commitments offered by companies binding on them in exchange for the termination of investigations into anti–competitive practices. The purpose of this article is to show how this new and extremely interesting kind of formal settlement can be applied in air transport cases. It analyzes the origin and the procedure of commitment decisions and focuses on the types of possible commitments in the fi eld of air transport. Airlines may offer slots to their competitors, share their Frequent Flyer Programs (FFP), enter into interline agreements with other airlines, and facilitate intermodal services, thus avoiding an infringement decision. An independent trustee with the necessary competence can monitor the accomplishment of these commitments. This article clears up some legal uncertainties and suggests ways in which interested parties, such as cooperating airlines and worldwide alliances, can make better use of the new mechanism and propose acceptable commitments to Competition Authorities. It also discusses both relevant case law of European Competition Authorities and air law doctrine and concludes that commitment decisions could lead to healthier and undistorted competition in the airline industry.

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Stedman, Donald J. "The Professional Preparation of Teachers and Early Childhood Educators: Changes in the Wind." Australasian Journal of Special Education 13, no. 2 (January 1990): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103001120002217x.

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The recent advances in research in child development and early educational intervention programs signal a clear need for significant reform of the methods now used to prepare teachers of preschool age children with special needs. The changes need to vary in kind and amount. Reforms need to address both content and clinical skill development. And, competent personnel must be produced in greater numbers.

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