Relevant bibliographies by topics / In-kind programs

Academic literature on the topic 'In-kind programs'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "In-kind programs"

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Coate, Stephen, Stephen Johnson, and Richard Zeckhauser. "Pecuniary redistribution through in-kind programs." Journal of Public Economics 55, no. 1 (September 1994): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(94)90078-7.

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Schwab, Robert M. "The benefits of in-kind government programs." Journal of Public Economics 27, no. 2 (July 1985): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(85)90046-5.

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de Borger, Bruno. "Estimating the welfare implications of in-kind government programs." Journal of Public Economics 38, no. 2 (March 1989): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(89)90026-1.

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De Borger, Bruno. "In-Kind Redistribution and Demand-Oriented Housing Subsidies: Some Micro-Simulation Results." Public Finance Quarterly 14, no. 3 (July 1986): 235–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109114218601400301.

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In this article I design and simulate three conceptually different demand-oriented housing programs that are largely consistent with a set of normative rules that have been derived from the literature on efficient redistribution. The results suggest that the proposed in-kind transfer programs have desirable characteristics and are much more equitable than existing, construction-oriented public housing programs.
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Currie, Janet, and Firouz Gahvari. "Transfers in Cash and In-Kind: Theory Meets the Data." Journal of Economic Literature 46, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 333–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.46.2.333.

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We review theoretical explanations for in-kind transfers in light of the limited empirical evidence. After reviewing the traditional paternalistic arguments, we consider explanations based on imperfect information and self-targeting. We then discuss the large literature on in-kind programs as a way of improving the efficiency of the tax system and a range of other possible explanations, including the “Samaritan's Dilemma,” pecuniary effects, credit constraints, asymmetric information amongst agents, and political economy considerations. Our reading of the evidence suggests that paternalism and interdependent preferences are leading overall explanations for the existence of in-kind transfer programs but that some of the other arguments may apply to specific cases. Political economy considerations must also be part of the story.
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Cunha, Jesse M. "Testing Paternalism: Cash versus In-Kind Transfers." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 6, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 195–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.6.2.195.

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Welfare programs are often implemented in-kind to promote outcomes that might not be realized under cash transfers. This paper tests whether such paternalistically motivated transfers are justified compared to cash, using a randomized controlled trial of Mexico's food assistance program. In relation to total food consumption, the in-kind transfer was infra-marginal and nondistorting. However, the transfer contained ten food items, and there was large variation in the extent to which individual foods were extra-marginal and distorting. Small differences in the nutritional intake of women and children under in-kind transfers did not lead to meaningful differential improvements in health outcomes compared to cash. (JEL I14, I18, I38, O15)
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Yakovlev, A. "What Kind of Firms Has Investment Programs in the Crisis Times and What Kind of Barriers Do They Face?" Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2009): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2009-12-100-110.

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The paper considers the behavior of Russian enterprises during the current crisis using the data of the latest survey of 1000 manufacturing firms. Special attention is paid to features of firms planning big investment for the next 12 months. The links between current investment plans, previous investment in 2005-2008 and other factors are shown. Finally we analyze the most important barriers for doing business from the point of view of investors.
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Makarskaitė-Petkevičienė, Rita. "THE NEW EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS: SOME SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 19, no. 2 (December 28, 2022): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/22.19.54.

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Every system or field of activity faces challenges of one kind or another from time to time. For example, something becomes morally outdated, no longer corresponds to the actualities of the time, as a result of which even minor transformations occur. They also take place in the education system, because emerging new educational environments and tools, changing educational contexts, and global current affairs give signs that the existing educational content "needs repair". The new programs provide not only compulsory (70%), but optional learning content (30%). It may be difficult to distinguish between mandatory and optional content in the educational process, as the latter will organically complement, expand or deepen the mandatory content. The use of optional learning content allows teachers and school communities to plan it in their own way. It brings a kind of freedom, but also a sense of responsibility. Also, it opens up great opportunities for collaboration between teachers (primarily science subjects). Keywords: educational content, educational environments, learning content
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Doocy, Shannon, Hannah Tappis, Emily Lyles, Joseph Witiw, and Vicki Aken. "Emergency Food Assistance in Northern Syria: An Evaluation of Transfer Programs in Idleb Governorate." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 38, no. 2 (March 30, 2017): 240–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572117700755.

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Background: The war in Syria has left millions struggling to survive amidst violent conflict, pervasive unemployment, and food insecurity. Although international assistance funding is also at an all-time high, it is insufficient to meet the needs of conflict-affected populations, and there is increasing pressure on humanitarian stakeholders to find more efficient, effective ways to provide assistance. Objective: To evaluate 3 different assistance programs (in-kind food commodities, food vouchers, and unrestricted vouchers) in Idleb Governorate of Syria from December 2014 and March 2015. Methods: The evaluation used repeated survey data from beneficiary households to determine whether assistance was successful in maintaining food security at the household level. Shopkeeper surveys and program monitoring data were used to assess the impact on markets at the district/governorate levels and compare the cost-efficiency and cost-effectiveness of transfer modalities. Results: Both in-kind food assistance and voucher programs showed positive effects on household food security and economic measures in Idleb; however, no intervention was successful in improving all outcomes measured. Food transfers were more likely to improve food access and food security than vouchers and unrestricted vouchers. Voucher programs were found to be more cost-efficient than in-kind food assistance, and more cost-effective for increasing household food consumption. Conclusion: Continuation of multiple types of transfer programs, including both in-kind assistance and vouchers, will allow humanitarian actors to remain responsive to evolving access and security considerations, local needs, and market dynamics.
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García Castillo, Jorge. "Deciding between cash-based and in-kind distributions during humanitarian emergencies." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 11, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 272–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-07-2020-0060.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical model to decide between cash-based and in-kind distributions during emergency responses considering the needs of beneficiaries and market conditions. To allow the switch between modalities, a preparedness framework for humanitarian organizations (HOs) is provided.Design/methodology/approachA mathematical model is proposed to help humanitarian responders make quantitative decisions on the type of programs to implement in emergency responses. The model was applied to a field response by an international HO during the COVID-19 emergency in Colombia.FindingsCash-based and in-kind distributions are not mutually exclusive response modalities during emergencies, and the real needs of beneficiaries and market effects should be included in the modality selection decision to improve program effectiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is focused on short-term immediate response to emergencies; the proposed model assumes favorable market conditions and limits the aid options to direct in-kind and multipurpose cash assistance, excluding other types of cash transfers.Practical implicationsThe research outlines practical preconditions to operationalize switching between programs during an emergency. The study provides evidence that HOs should consider dynamics decision tools to select aid modalities and evaluate their response depending on market conditions.Social implicationsConsidering aid modality as a dynamic decision and including the needs from beneficiaries in the choice can have profound impact in the dignifying of humanitarian response to emergencies.Originality/valueThe quantitative model to decide between aid modalities is a novel approach to include beneficiaries' needs and market dynamics into humanitarian supply chain research. The preparedness framework closes the gap between the emergency preparedness literature and the operational constraints that organizations face for fast program implementation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "In-kind programs"

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De, Simone Maria Giuditta. "Impacts of social safety nets policies. The power of transfer programs." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2019. http://elea.unisa.it:8080/xmlui/handle/10556/4163.

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2016 - 2017
This thesis aims to assess whether social safety net policies used in a very poor country can concretely provide relief from poverty in the short run, while encouraging children education in the long run. The economic literature largely debates on the effectiveness of the social safety net tools, when applied in extremely poor condition. However, if well-tuned to target the right beneficiaries, social policies can be effective also in the poorest countries (Smith, 2001). In fact, by looking at Malawi, among the poorest countries in the world (170th out of 188 countries in the 2015 UNDP ranking), one can find highly significant effects for social safety net policies. More in detail, the first chapter of the thesis analyzes the different forms of social policy transfer, either in cash or in- kind, and provides an overview of the policies literature and their practical applications. The second chapter explains why Malawi has been chosen as a field of analysis. Among the poorest countries in the world, it is a country that adopted both cash and in-kind policies. The chapter describes the country profile and socio-political background, and the major efforts the country has gone through to improve living conditions of the poorest. In fact, despite its poverty situation, the Malawian government is deeply motivated to eradicate poverty and ending starvation, improving and protecting the livelihood of the most vulnerable. Finally, the third chapter provides an impact analysis of the main social safety net policies adopted in Malawi after 2004, by assessing their impact on school attendance. First by looking at the impact on school attendance of all social policies used in the country, which target ultra-poor people aged from 6 to 26 years old (considered as a broad schooling range period). Ultra-poor people are defined as living in families with no assets, very low income, being labor constrained and with a dependency ratio higher than three. Secondly, by looking at the impact of the two major in-kind programs present in this ambit (School Feeding and Mary’s Meals, which both give daily meals to children attending the primary school) and measuring their impact on the primary school attendance of children aged 6 to 13 years. In both kinds of analysis, we find significant and positive policy effects. However, if School Feeding and Mary’s Meals programs overlap in the same district, their policy impact is insignificant. Our results confirm and usefully complement the previously available evidence from the literature, which was linked to the experimental case studies, and thus presented problems of external validation.
XVI n.s. (XXX ciclo)
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Caramez, Rui Pedro Capelo. "Importância e análise de programas de patrocínio desportivo-Estudo em organizações desportivos Portuguesas profissionais e não profissionais." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29284.

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Palialol, Bruno Toni. "In-kind transfers in Brazil: household consumption and welfare effects." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-05092016-161730/.

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Today in Brazil, Programa de Alimentação dos Trabalhadores (PAT) creates incentives for firms to provide 20 million workers with in-kind transfers, typically in voucher form. This work uses a propensity score framework to test whether such benefits distort consumption decisions when compared to cash transfers, considering the latter are subject to payroll taxes. Results suggest poor households consume from 15.7% to 25.0% more food when receiving benefits instead of cash and that deadweight loss associated with distortions reach US$ 63.1 (R$ 150.1) million. Overconsumption, however, may not be increasing worker\'s health and productivity as desired. Although further analysis needs to be made in terms of nutrient intakes, this is a first evidence that PAT may not achieve its main objective
Atualmente, o Programa de Alimentação dos Trabalhadores (PAT) cria incentivos para que firmas brasileiras realizem transferências em produto, tipicamente na forma de vales ou tíquetes, para cerca de 20 milhões de trabalhadores. O presente trabalho utiliza uma metodologia baseada em escore de propensão para testar se tais benefícios distorcem as decisões de consumo das famílias quando comparadas a transferências em dinheiro, considerando que essas últimas estão sujeitas a deduções fiscais características do mercado de trabalho. Os resultados sugerem que domicílios de baixa renda que recebem o benefício consomem de 15,7% a 25,0% mais comida do que se recebessem dinheiro e que o peso morto associado às distorções atinge US$ 63,1 (R$ 150,1) milhões. Entretanto, não há evidências de que o excesso de consumo de alimentos esteja, como se desejaria, tornando os trabalhadores mais saudáveis e produtivos. Apesar da necessidade de uma análise mais detalhada em termos de nutrientes, esta é uma primeira evidência de que o PAT pode não estar atingindo seus principais objetivos
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PETTMAN, ANDRÉ. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE BEN’S BELLS KIND CAMPUS PROGRAM ON SCHOOL CLIMATE IN A SCHOOL DISTRICT IN TUCSON, ARIZONA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613421.

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Preliminary qualitative research has suggested that participants find the Ben’s Bells Kind Campus Program to be effective in promoting kindness and reducing negative school climate, but this has not been examined quantitatively. The purpose of the present study is to examine the influence of the Kind Campus Program on school climate in a school district in Tucson, Arizona. It is predicted that there will be an association between the Kind Campus Program and school climate. Data for this study were collected from surveys distributed to teachers and students in the school district. Variables encapsulating positive and negative school climate and dosage were created from statements from these surveys. Analyses were conducted on the relationships between these variables to determine the level of influence of Kind Campus on school climate. Results demonstrate a positive correlation between Kind Campus and positive school climate, and a negative correlation with negative school climate. Implications of the current study include a greater understanding of how Kind Campus is associated with school climate and what aspects of the program have the greatest possible relationship with school climate. Future research possibilities include administering surveys throughout the school year to acquire longitudinal data and including observational data in the analysis.
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Winter, Carla Marika. "Bemagtiging van enkelouerkinders in hulle laat middelkinderjare in 'n middestad konteks deur gestaltgroepwerk." Thesis, Pretoris : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01262004-082356.

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Kruger, Elmien. "Die invloed van 'n motories fundamentele vaardigheidsprogram op die fisieke en kognitiewe ontwikkeling van die graad 1 kind." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11242003-171302.

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Daly, Marwa El. "Challenges and potentials of channeling local philanthropy towards development and aocial justice and the role of waqf (Islamic and Arab-civic endowments) in building community foundations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16511.

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Diese Arbeit bietet eine solide theoretische Grundlage zu Philanthropie und religiös motivierten Spendenaktivitäten und deren Einfluss auf Wohltätigkeitstrends, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und einer auf dem Gedanken der sozialen Gerechtigkeit beruhenden Philanthropie. Untersucht werden dafür die Strukturen religiös motivierte Spenden, für die in der islamischen Tradition die Begriffe „zakat“, „Waqf“ oder im Plural auch „awqaf-“ oder „Sadaqa“ verwendet werden, der christliche Begriff dafür lautet „tithes“ oder „ushour“. Aufbauend auf diesem theoretischen Rahmenwerk analysiert die qualitative und quantitative Feldstudie auf nationaler Ebene, wie die ägyptische Öffentlichkeit Philanthropie, soziale Gerechtigkeit, Menschenrechte, Spenden, Freiwilligenarbeit und andere Konzepte des zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements wahrnimmt. Um eine umfassende und repräsentative Datengrundlage zu erhalten, wurden 2000 Haushalte, 200 zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen erfasst, sowie Spender, Empfänger, religiöse Wohltäter und andere Akteure interviewt. Die so gewonnen Erkenntnisse lassen aussagekräftige Aufschlüsse über philanthropische Trends zu. Erstmals wird so auch eine finanzielle Einschätzung und Bewertung der Aktivitäten im lokalen Wohltätigkeitsbereich möglich, die sich auf mehr als eine Billion US-Dollar beziffern lassen. Die Erhebung weist nach, dass gemessen an den Pro-Kopf-Aufwendungen die privaten Spendenaktivitäten weitaus wichtiger sind als auswärtige wirtschaftliche Hilfe für Ägypten. Das wiederum lässt Rückschlüsse zu, welche Bedeutung lokale Wohltätigkeit erlangen kann, wenn sie richtig gesteuert wird und nicht wie bislang oft im Teufelskreis von ad-hoc-Spenden oder Hilfen von Privatperson an Privatperson gefangen ist. Die Studie stellt außerdem eine Verbindung her zwischen lokalen Wohltätigkeits-Mechanismen, die meist auf religiösen und kulturellen Werten beruhen, und modernen Strukturen, wie etwa Gemeinde-Stiftungen oder Gemeinde-„waqf“, innerhalb derer die Spenden eine nachhaltige Veränderung bewirken können. Daher bietet diese Arbeit also eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Grundlage, die nicht nur ein besseres Verständnis, sondern auch den nachhaltiger Aus- und Aufbau lokaler Wohltätigkeitsstrukturen in Ägypten ermöglicht. Zentral ist dabei vor allem die Rolle lokaler, individueller Spenden, die beispielsweise für Stiftungen auf der Gemeindeebene eingesetzt, wesentlich zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen könnten – und das nicht nur in Ägypten, sondern in der gesamten arabischen Region. Als konkretes Ergebnis dieser Arbeit, wurde ein innovatives Modell entwickelt, dass neben den wissenschaftlichen Daten das Konzept der „waqf“ berücksichtigt. Der Wissenschaftlerin und einem engagierten Vorstand ist es auf dieser Grundlage gelungen, die Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) zu gründen, die nicht nur ein Modell für eine Bürgerstiftung ist, sondern auch das tradierte Konzept der „waqf“ als praktikable und verbürgte Wohlstätigkeitsstruktur sinnvoll weiterentwickelt.
This work provides a solid theoretical base on philanthropy, religious giving (Islamic zakat, ‘ushour, Waqf -plural: awqaf-, Sadaqa and Christian tithes or ‘ushour), and their implications on giving trends, development work, social justice philanthropy. The field study (quantitative and qualitative) that supports the theoretical framework reflects at a national level the Egyptian public’s perceptions on philanthropy, social justice, human rights, giving and volunteering and other concepts that determine the peoples’ civic engagement. The statistics cover 2000 households, 200 Civil Society Organizations distributed all over Egypt and interviews donors, recipients, religious people and other stakeholders. The numbers reflect philanthropic trends and for the first time provide a monetary estimate of local philanthropy of over USD 1 Billion annually. The survey proves that the per capita share of philanthropy outweighs the per capita share of foreign economic assistance to Egypt, which implies the significance of local giving if properly channeled, and not as it is actually consumed in the vicious circle of ad-hoc, person to person charity. In addition, the study relates local giving mechanisms derived from religion and culture to modern actual structures, like community foundations or community waqf that could bring about sustainable change in the communities. In sum, the work provides a comprehensive scientific base to help understand- and build on local philanthropy in Egypt. It explores the role that local individual giving could play in achieving sustainable development and building a new wave of community foundations not only in Egypt but in the Arab region at large. As a tangible result of this thesis, an innovative model that revives the concept of waqf and builds on the study’s results was created by the researcher and a dedicated board of trustees who succeeded in establishing Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) that not only introduces the community foundation model to Egypt, but revives and modernizes the waqf as a practical authentic philanthropic structure.
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Bernardes, Inês Santos Rodrigues Franco. "The impact of monetary and in-kind rewards on customer referral programs’ success : examining the moderating role of product type on the relationship between reward type and recipients’ recommendation receptivity, purchase intention and brand valuations." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/35661.

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Customer Referral Programs (CRPs) are a popular tool used by firms to attract new customers with high lifetime value and low churn rate. The present dissertation provides managers with valuable insights into how to develop the optimal CRP for their firm. More specifically, it investigates how the type of reward offered (monetary vs in-kind) influences recipients’ recommendation receptivity (attitudes towards the program and motive attribution), purchase intention and brand valuations (brand affect, brand trust and brand loyalty), as well as the possible moderating role of product type (utilitarian vs hedonic). Findings suggest that in-kind rewards lead to more positive recommendation receptivity, higher purchase intention and brand valuations, compared to monetary rewards. Moreover, product type is a moderator of the relationship between reward type and all dependent variables, except for motive attribution. That is, the positive impact of offering an in-kind reward (vs monetary) on recipients’ attitudes towards the program, purchase intention and brand valuations is stronger when the product promoted is hedonic (vs utilitarian). This paper reveals that, in order to choose the most appropriate reward, managers must consider the type of product promoted through the CRP. Furthermore, results indicate that a well-designed referral program has the power to enhance prospective customers’ brand perceptions.
Os programas de referência de clientes (PRCs) são uma ferramenta comummente utilizada pelas empresas com o intuito de atrair novos clientes com elevado valor de vida útil e reduzida taxa de rotação. A presente dissertação oferece aos gestores ensinamentos relevantes sobre como desenvolver o PRC ideal para a sua empresa. Mais especificamente, investiga como o tipo de recompensa (monetária vs em espécie) influencia a recetividade da recomendação (atitudes relativas ao programa e atribuição de motivos), intenção de compra e avaliações da marca (afeto pela marca, confiança na marca, lealdade à marca), assim como o possível papel moderador do tipo de produto (utilitário vs hedónico). Os resultados sugerem que a recetividade da recomendação, a intenção de compra e as avaliações da marca são melhores quando a recompensa oferecida é em género, em vez de monetária. Além disso, o tipo de produto modera a relação entre o tipo de recompensa e todas as variáveis dependentes, exceto a atribuição de motivos. Isto é, o impacto positivo de oferecer uma recompensa em género (vs monetária) nas atitudes relativas ao programa, intenção de compra e avaliações da marca é mais forte quando o tipo de produto promovido é hedónico (vs utilitário). Este documento revela que, de forma a escolher a recompensa mais adequada, os gestores devem ter em conta o tipo de produto promovido pelo PRC. Adicionalmente, os resultados indicam que um programa de referências bem desenhado tem o poder de melhorar a perceção da marca junto dos potenciais clientes.
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Petruschke, Inga [Verfasser]. "Einflussfaktoren auf die Akzeptanz eines Programms zur Reduktion der HIV Mutter-Kind Übertragung in Westuganda / von Inga Petruschke." 2006. http://d-nb.info/983583730/34.

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Raubenheimer, Lorinda Riana. "Implementering van spel in die Gr R klas in die preprimere en primere skool." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6034.

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Play can be seen as a very important component in the learning programme of pre-school children. The question arises whether the Gr R teacher has adequate play incorporated into the daily schedule? The research question was answered as follows. Although it was revealed in the study that the teachers who had pre-primary and Bed qualifications, possessed more (play) knowledge of all the teachers, the rest of the Gr R teachers indicated that they did have a need to gather more knowledge in childrens’ play, as well as implementing it into the day programme. The third part of the research question was also answered namely; that too much formal education were taking place in the Gr R classes in primary schools. The answer to the question; whether there is enough play in the Gr R class in a primary school is; “no”, 10 and whether there is enough play in the Gr R class in the pre-primary school is; “yes”. It was concluded that the Gr R education methods in the primary school is far more formal than that of the pre-primary school. The research question is thus fully answered and the study was completed successfully.
Spel kan gesien word as ’n baie belangrike komponent van die leerprogram vir voorskoolse kinders. Die vraag ontstaan of Gr R onderwyseresse genoegsame spel in die dagprogram implementeer? Die navorsingsvraag is as volg beantwoord. Alhoewel dit in die studie na vore gekom het, dat die onderwyseresse wat preprimêr en BEd gekwalifiseer is oor die meeste speelkennis beskik, het die meeste Gr R onderwyseresse aangedui dat hul wel ’n behoefte het om meer kennis rakende kinderspel en die implementering daarvan in die dagprogram te bekom. Die laaste vraag voortvloeiend uit die navorsing of daar genoegsame spel in die Gr R klasse plaasvind was die gevolgtrekking “nee” by primêre skole en “ja” by preprimêre skole. Daar is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat Gr R onderwys by primêre skole se onderrigmetodes baie meer formeel is as Gr R by preprimêre skole. Die navorsings-vraag is dus in geheel beantwoord en die studie is suksesvol voltooi.
Psychology of Education
M. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)
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Books on the topic "In-kind programs"

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Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, ed. Fundamentals of domestic farm programs. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1989.

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Colacicco, Daniel. Conservation benefits of the USDA's 1983 payment-in-kind and acreage reduction programs. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Natural Resource Economics Division, 1987.

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Zeckhauser, Richard. Robin-Hooding rents: Exploiting the pecuniary effects of in-kind programs. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1992.

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Currie, Janet. Welfare and the well-being of children: The relative effectiveness of cash and in-kind transfers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993.

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D'Zamko, Mary Elizabeth. Helping exceptional students succeed in the regular classroom. West Nyack, N.Y: Parker, 1985.

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Silver, Rawley A. Developing cognitive and creative skills through art: Programs for children with communication disorders or learning disabilities. 3rd ed. New York: Ablin Press, 1989.

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Office, General Accounting. Commodity programs: Flex acres enhance farm operations and market orientation : report to the Honorable Charles E. Grassley, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1993.

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L, LaMay Craig, ed. Abandoned in the wasteland: Children, television, and the First Amendment. New York: Hill and Wang, 1995.

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Unplugging the plug-in drug. New York, NY: Viking, 1987.

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Unplugging the plug-in drug. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Penguin Books, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "In-kind programs"

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Albert, Elvira, Reiner Hähnle, Alicia Merayo, and Dominic Steinhöfel. "Certified Abstract Cost Analysis." In Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 24–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71500-7_2.

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AbstractA program containing placeholders for unspecified statements or expressions is called an abstract (or schematic) program. Placeholder symbols occur naturally in program transformation rules, as used in refactoring, compilation, optimization, or parallelization. We present a generalization of automated cost analysis that can handle abstract programs and, hence, can analyze the impact on the cost of program transformations. This kind of relational property requires provably precise cost bounds which are not always produced by cost analysis. Therefore, we certify by deductive verification that the inferred abstract cost bounds are correct and sufficiently precise. It is the first approach solving this problem. Both, abstract cost analysis and certification, are based on quantitative abstract execution (QAE) which in turn is a variation of abstract execution, a recently developed symbolic execution technique for abstract programs. To realize QAE the new concept of a cost invariant is introduced. QAE is implemented and runs fully automatically on a benchmark set consisting of representative optimization rules.
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Kahn, David M., and Jan Hoffmann. "Exponential Automatic Amortized Resource Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 359–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45231-5_19.

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AbstractAutomatic amortized resource analysis (AARA) is a type-based technique for inferring concrete (non-asymptotic) bounds on a program’s resource usage. Existing work on AARA has focused on bounds that are polynomial in the sizes of the inputs. This paper presents and extension of AARA to exponential bounds that preserves the benefits of the technique, such as compositionality and efficient type inference based on linear constraint solving. A key idea is the use of the Stirling numbers of the second kind as the basis of potential functions, which play the same role as the binomial coefficients in polynomial AARA. To formalize the similarities with the existing analyses, the paper presents a general methodology for AARA that is instantiated to the polynomial version, the exponential version, and a combined system with potential functions that are formed by products of Stirling numbers and binomial coefficients. The soundness of exponential AARA is proved with respect to an operational cost semantics and the analysis of representative example programs demonstrates the effectiveness of the new analysis.
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Di Stasio, Margherita. "Making: Laboratory and Active Learning Perspectives." In Makers at School, Educational Robotics and Innovative Learning Environments, 11–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77040-2_2.

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AbstractIn a world where technology is an ordinary part of everyday life, it is particularly important for making, coding, and educational robotics to feature in school programs. On one hand, the construction elements that are peculiar to digital fabrication make the pedagogical perspective active; on the other, they can support the development of active teaching practices. Although it appears to be a kind of revolution, something that is absolutely new, on deeper reflection, it is clear that making and coding can play a role in school as part of an important pedagogical tradition.
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Markkola, Pirjo, and Ann-Catrin Östman. "Guardians of the Land? Smallholders Living Their Nation in Interwar Finland." In Palgrave Studies in the History of Experience, 187–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69882-9_8.

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AbstractThis chapter relates small-scale landowning to the lived nation by exploring what it meant to become a landowner. Pirjo Markkola and Ann-Catrin Östman study how smallholders in peripheral areas encountered civil-society organizations promoting modernization in the 1920s. Focusing mainly on the work of the Ruth Foundation, this chapter shows how smallholders made use of opportunities to keep and maintain their farms and what kind of emotions, ambitions and calculations were attached to landowning. By investigating the encounters between smallholders and various organizations, Markkola and Östman explore classed and gendered everyday practices on a grassroots level. A small corpus of ego-documents, read in the context of economic development programs represented by the organizations, deepens our knowledge of smallholders living and practicing their nation in the 1920s.
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Frison, Daniela. "The Design of Work-Related Teaching & Learning Methods: Case Studies and Methodological Recommendations." In Employability & Competences, 37–48. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-672-9.10.

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What kind of Work-Related activities/programmes do Italian teachers propose to their students? What are common elements considered in the designing of Work-Related activities by those proposing them? A multiple case study research programme was chosen as a method to explore the current Italian situation regarding Work-Related teaching and learning methods in Higher Education (Coll et al. 2008; Dirkx 2011) and to define some possible methodological recommendations to encourage the design of Work-Related Learning activities/programmes
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Hou, Jianzhong, and Qiaolin Chai. "A Kind of Proxy Caching Program Based on Doubly Linked List in VOD System." In Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture V, 527–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27275-2_59.

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Lunabek, Vincent. "Restorative programs in the formal justice system of Vanuatu." In A Kind of Mending: Restorative Justice in the Pacific Islands. ANU Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/km.11.2010.07.

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Peck, Adam, Trisha C. Gott, and Terrence L. Frazier. "Developing Intercultural Fluency Through Co-Curricular Programs." In Developing an Intercultural Responsive Leadership Style for Faculty and Administrators, 95–112. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4108-1.ch007.

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Intercultural competency is a skill that is not only necessary to live in an increasingly diverse and inter-connected world but also one that is highly prized by employers as well. For those who design effective ways to leverage the context of co-curricular experiences to create meaningful intercultural learning, this kind of learning is not always treated with the kind of complexity it deserves. Intercultural competency may be treated in dualistic terms regarding whether students “have it” or “do not have it.” This is true of many other learning outcomes as well. Students may demonstrate vastly different levels of intercultural understanding even as they intentionally pursue improvement with regard to their skill in this area. This chapter uses Bennet's Development Model of Intercultural Sensitivity as a framework for explaining variations in cultural skill both as a means of assessing a student's competency in this area and for planning their intercultural growth as they proceed through our programs and experiences.
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Corson, Jordan, and Tara Schwitzman. "We, monsters: an autoethnographic literature review of experiences in doctoral education programs (Kind of)." In Advances in Research on Teaching, 45–58. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s1479-368720180000031005.

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Rockman, Saul, and Lynn Fontana. "Reaching Beyond Bricks and Mortar." In Cases on Online Tutoring, Mentoring, and Educational Services, 160–71. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-876-5.ch013.

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Sylvan Learning has set the standard for personalized, after-school, academic support programs for students in elementary grades through high school. It has been in business for 30 years and was one of the earliest programs to demonstrate that providing direct supplemental instruction services could be successfully scaled nationally. The nearly 1,100 Sylvan centers provide academic assistance to thousands of students each day and have helped more than 2 million students reach their full academic potential. A relatively little-known but growing component of Sylvan Learning’s offerings is Sylvan Online, a oneto- one academic assistance program that is offered to students at home in association with their local Sylvan Learning centers. This Internet-based service provides the same type of individualized academic support as the centers, yet it affords greater flexibility and access. Using proprietary technologies, Sylvan Online makes it possible to reach learners—no matter their geographic area or proximity to a Sylvan Learning center—and helps them receive the kind of academic support necessary to succeed in school. This chapter describes the program and attributes of Sylvan Online and situates the program within the larger context of extended-day academic programs.
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Conference papers on the topic "In-kind programs"

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Kohun, Frederick, and Azad Ali. "A Doctorate Degree Program in Information Systems of a Kind." In InSITE 2005: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2860.

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This paper discusses the design characteristics of a doctoral program in information systems at a university located in Western Pennsylvania. The program design includes unique characteristics that are intended to minimize the attrition rate among the students enrolled. The paper begins by discussing baseline statistics and reasons for attrition rates in doctoral programs. The focus thereafter is an overview of computer related doctoral programs that offer doctoral degrees in information systems. It concludes with a detailed description of the specific design attributes of the Doctor of Science program in Information Systems and Communications at Robert Morris University (RMU).
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Amendola, Giovanni, Francesco Ricca, and Miroslaw Truszczynski. "Generating Hard Random Boolean Formulas and Disjunctive Logic Programs." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/75.

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We propose a model of random quantified boolean formulas and their natural random disjunctive logic program counterparts. The model extends the standard models for random SAT and 2QBF. We provide theoretical bounds for the phase transition region in the new model, and show experimentally the presence of the easy-hard-easy pattern. Importantly, we show that the model is well suited for assessing solvers tuned to real-world instances. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, our model and results on random disjunctive logic programs are the first of their kind.
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Dinu, Minodora. "ONLINE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT - A PLATFORM FOR CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION IN TEACHER'S TRAINING." In eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-074.

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In our informational society, the progress leaded by the new technologies demands quick changes and the schools needs to adjust and reform their politics and educational approaches promptly. The professional development of teachers is the most important tool for adapting and improving the education to the continuous changes. Boosted by the high evaluation criteria of the teachers, a lot of professional developments programs have emerged in training institutions and organizations, adding more pressure on Romanian teachers. As a direct effect, teachers perceive the professional development as another source of stress and frustration in their work, because they feel that such programs are ineffective and time consuming. Some of the programs have received an official or informal recognition. Unfortunately, a lot of these programs lack quality, producing only slight effects and spending lots of resources and time. Our intervention highlights the importance of online professional development, which can be a platform for creativity and innovation, emphasizing good practices. In the past years, the research about the professional development in online learning environment has kept growing. Most of papers only describe the programs, without offering a clear evaluation on the impact of the respective programs on the teachers' current practices. Our proposal shows the need for empirical research that provides program models for online teacher training and objective criteria, in order to estimate which kind of program can offer better support for creativity and changes in teacher's practices. Based on the empirical research, the online training programs can become a way to exploring new patterns of collaboration and creative teaching. Recommendations for future research on the influence of online learning environments in the professional teacher's development are offered.
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Johannesson, H. L. "Parametric Computer Aided Hydraulic Cylinder Design: Piston Component Modeling." In ASME 1989 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1989-0046.

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Abstract In this work a procedure for parametric computer aided design of hydraulic cylinder pistons has been developed. Such a piston is a kind of component that has a geometry that is dependent and determined of surrounding and interacting parts. The piston seal has a very strong influence on the piston geometry, and the kind of piston design rules that can be found in piston seal catalogues have been used in the developed computer programs. The design procedure is divided in two parts. In the piston family design part, a piston family product model, which is common for a group of pistons with different dimensions but uses the same seal cross section, is created and stored in a piston family product model data base. In the member design part the piston family data is retrieved, dimension determining parameters are given, and one particular piston of a certain size is created and presented. The software system needed in order to be able to apply the suggested procedure consists of - a CAD-system, containing a graphic application program language - a specific CAD-system dependent interface program written in the graphic application program language - two CAD-system independent interface programs written in a common high level language lite FORTRAN - CAD-system independent product model data bases All these programs except the CAD-system have been developed in this work, and the use of the programs is demonstrated with an example.
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Johannesson, H. L. "Computer Aided Part Design Based on Standard Component Interface Geometry." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0137.

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Abstract In this paper it is suggested how an integrated computer based system for part design can be built. The main issue is how to automatically provide geometry data, determined by selected interacting standard components, to the used CAD-system. This kind of function determined geometry is in the paper called “interface geometry.” The key component in the integrated computer program system is the standard component data base. This data base contains a parametric model of the standard component and its “interface geometry”. Parameters necessary as input data both to component performance analysis programs and geometry creation programs, are all included in the model. The integrated program system consists of a data base, managed by a data base management system, application programs for component performance analysis and selection, and a conventional CAD-system. In order to make these different parts communicate, certain interface programs, both CAD-system dependent and independent, have been developed.
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Gabriel alexandru, Petrovici, Pomohaci Marcel, Nicolae Neagu, and Sopa Ioan sabin. "USING SOFTWARE PROGRAMS IN ANALYZING THE EFFICIENCY OF VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS AT SETTER'S POSITION." In eLSE 2021. ADL Romania, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-21-185.

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Modern volleyball is developing and connecting with specific software programs that help in the game's progress, training process, and these modern practices are becoming decisive in obtaining victory in sports performance. Currently, in high-performance sports, there is a broad range of instruments and means from mathematics and informatics domain, different in form and complexity, which have improved over the last few years regarding the versatility and technical possibilities, the extent of their applicability, and the facile way with which they used at present. Our research focused on analyzing the setter position at CSM Sibiu women volleyball team, using specific software programs to discover this position's efficiency. The sample was formed by the team's two setters and analyzed their evolution on the 22 stages of the Romania's national championship in 10 months in the season 2018-2019. As a research method, we used the Click & Scout software program to analyze the two players' evolution and the statistical interpretation of the results; we used the Student t test. The investigation results showed that subject SM had better performance in the first part of the championship regarding the service and attack parameter and the second subject improved his performance in the second part of the championship regarding the efficiency of the attack. The research conclusions highlighted that using software programs and coaches can improve the training activity and objectively analyze their players' performance, bringing the current sports activity to another level. The investigation concluded that using computer programs to analyze the evolution of volleyball setters, specialists, and coaches can obtain an objective image of their players' efficiency, strong points, weaknesses, and future training modalities. This kind of software can also provide information about opponents' strong and weak points that can be explored and achieved.
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de Krosse, Luc E. P. T. "Learning entrepreneurship by entrepreneurial learning?" In 18th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2010. University of Twente, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268476198.

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That entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial education is a relevant topic nowadays is evident (van Praag, 2006; van der Sluis, 2007; The Oslo Agenda for Entrepreneurship Education in Europe, 2006). This is confrontating universities of applied sciences in the Netherlands with a great challenge, namely to educate more and better entrepreneurs. Main goal of universities of applied sciences is to prepare students to become successful in their profession. Specific for entrepreneurial education programmes we can state that it is their purpose to prepare students to become successful entrepreneurs. From literature it seems that motives and competencies are the most important objectives for educators to focus upon. But are they achieving these goals? Are students, after attending an entrepreneurial education program, more motivated to become entrepreneurs and are they more competent to become successful than before? This research intends to answer the questions whether there is an effect on the development of relevant motives and competencies, whether there is an influence of the learning environment on these effects and whether there are certain causes for the reason that one program has minimum or no effects and other programs have greater effects. For answering these questions every entrepreneurial program will be positioned in a didactic model and all students of the entrepreneurial programs will be asked to make a selfassessment before and after attending the program. After this it should be clear what kind of educational programs are more effective than others. For answering the final question, which are the causes of the differences in effects of the different kinds of program, it will be necessary to interview the responsible developers and teachers.
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Chand, Rajni, Raveena Goundar, and Pratish Raj. "Semester Zero: An Innovative Orientation and Nurturing Program." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.3941.

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The current Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic has affected many universities’ orientation as well as study programs. While some are still contemplating whether to open their doors for F2F studies, others face the challenge of fewer students enrolling due to travel restrictions. The University of the South Pacific (USP) will face a different kind of challenge. USP is a regional university co-owned by twelve South Pacific countries. Campuses and sub-campuses are situated in all these countries. Usually, orientation programmes are held at all campuses, but the majority of students travel early to USP’s main campus in Fiji for the orientation program. Due to Covid-19, students’ travel will be restricted, and the orientation programme will be a very small-scale event this year. Additionally, due to delays in Year 13 external examinations for one of its member countries (Fiji), USP will be forced to begin Semester One later. This means more than 3000 provisional students will have to wait for the University to begin in late March instead of the usual mid-February start. To keep these potential students engaged for close to two months, USP initiated an online orientation programme called ""Semester Zero."" The aim of the programme is to introduce these potential new students to USP using a Moodle platform instead of a traditional F2F orientation program, while at the same time incorporating basic numeracy, literacy, and digital skills necessary for new students. // This paper shares the planning, designing, and feedback from students about this program. Semester Zero employs technology and innovations that have a low carbon footprint.
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Deeken, Michael, and Hubertus Murrenhoff. "Simulation of Fluid Power Components Using DSHplus and ADAMS." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/fpst-25022.

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Abstract Efficiency improvement of an axial piston pump or motor is an important part in the design and development process. The behaviour of an axial piston pump or other displacement machines is a complex interaction between tribology of sliding contacts, pressure gradient in hydraulic volumes and dynamics and kinematics. Simulation programs are useful development tools to design these fluid power components on digital computers. At present all these programs are stand-alone tools and specialised to calculate a specific behaviour or effect of an axial piston pump or motor. To reproduce and to solve all this physical effects numerically in one program is impractical. Since the opportunity exists to couple standardised products, this is a promising approach. The paper presents a simulation approach of a displacement machine (axial piston pump in swash plate design) using two different kinds of simulation programs. The tribology, e.g. surface roughness, mixed lubrication and contact pressure, and the hydraulic, e.g. the computed pressure gradient and flows, are calculated numerically by means of DSHplus. The integration of all kind of forces and torque, e.g. mass moment of inertia and pressure forces, to solve the equation of motion is calculated with a multiple body simulation program, in this case ADAMS by Mechanical Dynamics. The flexible modelling of mechanical structures in ADAMS makes it possible to create various simulation models of motion, such as cylinders and valves. The mechanical simulation program is coupled with the hydraulic simulation program DSHplus. Both programs run simultaneously on PCs and exchange data in discrete simulation time intervals.
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Rossi, Rogério, and Kechi Hirama. "Strategic Issues on Implementing a Software Process Improvement Program." In InSITE 2015: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: USA. Informing Science Institute, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2193.

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Software technology has high impact on the global economy as in many sectors of contemporary society. As a product enabling the most varied daily activities, the software product has to be produced reflecting high quality. Software quality is dependent on its development that is based in a large set of software development processes. However, the implementation and continuous improvement of software process aimed at software product should be carefully institutionalized by software development organizations such as software factories, testing factories, V&V organizations, among others. The institutionalization of programs such as a Software Process Improvement Program, or SPI Program, require a strategic planning, which is addressed in this article from the perspective of specific models and frameworks, as well as reflections based on software process engineering models and standards. In addition, a set of strategic drivers is proposed to assist the implementation of a Strategic Plan for a SPI Program which can be considered by the organizations before starting this kind of Program.
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Reports on the topic "In-kind programs"

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Zeckhauser, Richard, Steve Coate, and Stephen Johnson. Robin-Hooding Rents: Exploiting the Pecuniary Effects of In-Kind Programs. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4125.

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Barmack, Judy. Is there a case for in-kind income transfers?: an analysis of the low-income housing and food stamp programs. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.73.

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Reyes, Angela, Benjamin Roseth, and Diego A. Vera-Cossio. Research Insights: How Digital Tools Increase Access to Government Services and Social Programs through On-time Renewals of IDs. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003572.

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Sending SMS reminders increased the probability of on-time renewals of IDs by 12 percentage points, while also allowing citizens to renew their IDs online only increased renewals by 8 percentage points. Providing an online option (instead of in-person renewals) was less effective due to a poor user experience with the online procedure. The poorest individuals who received reminders were also more likely to receive transfers from an emergency in-kind transfer delivered through digital vouchers.
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Missbach, Leonard, Jan Christoph Steckel, and Adrien Vogt-Schilb. Cash transfers in the context of carbon pricing reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004568.

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One reason carbon prices are difficult to implement is that they might imply high additional costs on poor and vulnerable households. In response, studies often highlight that recycling revenues through cash transfers can render carbon pricing reforms progressive. This neglects that existing cash transfer programs target households from low-income groups often imperfectly and that impacts of a carbon price are heterogeneous within income groups. In this study we analyze the role of existing cash transfer schemes to alleviate distributional effects of carbon pricing in 16 Latin American and Caribbean countries. We find carbon pricing to be regressive in 11 countries, progressive in 5, and show that differences within income groups exceed differences between them. Beyond total household expenditures, car ownership and cooking fuel explain the variance in carbon pricing impacts. We show that households who are most affected by carbon pricing, some of them poor, do not necessarily have access to existing cash transfer programs. Governments aiming to compensate households may broaden coverage of existing cash transfer programs or consider complementing instruments such as in-kind transfers or removing existing distortionary taxes.
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Darling-Hammond, Linda, Marjorie E. Wechsler, Stephanie Levin, Melanie Leung-Gagne, and Steve Tozer. Developing effective principals: What kind of learning matters? Learning Policy Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54300/641.201.

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This report reviews the research literature since 2000 to understand the elements of high-quality programs and learning experiences that have been associated with positive outcomes ranging from principals’ sense of preparedness, efficacy, and reported practices to staff perceptions of school climate and retention to student achievement. It also examines the extent to which principals have opportunities to participate in learning experiences with those elements and the policies that drive both the development of high-quality programs and access to them.
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Sriraj, P. S., Bo Zou, Lise Dirks, Nahid Parvez Farazi, Elliott Lewis, and Jean Paul Manzanarez. Maritime Freight Data Collection Systems and Database to Support Performance Measures and Market Analyses. Illinois Center for Transportation, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-021.

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The Illinois Marine Transportation System (IMTS) is a key component of the nation’s inland waterway system. IMTS is comprised of 27 locks and dams, 19 port districts, more than 350 active terminals, and 1,118 miles of navigable inland waterways traversing along the borderline or within the state of Illinois. However, the infrastructure of IMTS is aging and its conditions are deteriorating. To monitor the performance of IMTS and guide infrastructure investment to enhance safety, efficiency, and reliability of the system, a comprehensive performance measurement program is needed. To this end, the objective of this project is to create an integrated, comprehensive, and maintainable database that facilitates performance measurement of maritime freight to, from, and through Illinois. To achieve this objective, a review of the literature on maritime freight transportation both in the United States and abroad was performed. To gauge practitioners’ points of view, a series of phone interviews and online surveys of Illinois’ neighboring state DOT officials, officials from the US Army Corps of Engineers, Illinois port district authorities, and carriers operating in Illinois was also conducted. With the findings from the literature review and an understanding of state DOT practices, the needed and available data sources for a maritime freight performance measurement program were identified. Building on all the above efforts, a first-of-its-kind PM database for IMTS was designed and developed, along with a detailed user manual, ready for IDOT’s immediate use and future updates. In addition, opportunities for IDOT to use the database to conduct analysis are discussed. Key programmatic recommendations that outline the role of IDOT as a champion and as a facilitator are further included. The outcome of this project will help IDOT gain much-needed knowledge of and develop programs to improve IMTS performance, increase multimodal transportation network capacity, and expand the transportation and logistics sector of the state, which ultimately benefit the people and economy of Illinois.
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Chowdhury, Shyamal K., Mohammad Mainul Hoque, Shahidur Rashid, and Muhammad Nahian Bin Khaled. Targeting errors and leakage in a large-scale in-kind transfer program: The food friendly program in Bangladesh as an example. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133761.

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Hoynes, Hilary, and Diane Schanzenbach. Consumption Responses to In-Kind Transfers: Evidence from the Introduction of the Food Stamp Program. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13025.

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Meckel, Katherine, Maya Rossin-Slater, and Lindsey Uniat. Efficiency Versus Equity in the Provision of In-Kind Benefits: Evidence from Cost Containment in the California WIC Program. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26718.

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Long, Bridget Terry. Does the Format of a Financial Aid Program Matter? The Effect of State In-Kind Tuition Subsidies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9720.

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