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Journal articles on the topic 'In-Kind Economy'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Currie, Janet, and Firouz Gahvari. "Transfers in Cash and In-Kind: Theory Meets the Data." Journal of Economic Literature 46, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 333–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.46.2.333.

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We review theoretical explanations for in-kind transfers in light of the limited empirical evidence. After reviewing the traditional paternalistic arguments, we consider explanations based on imperfect information and self-targeting. We then discuss the large literature on in-kind programs as a way of improving the efficiency of the tax system and a range of other possible explanations, including the “Samaritan's Dilemma,” pecuniary effects, credit constraints, asymmetric information amongst agents, and political economy considerations. Our reading of the evidence suggests that paternalism and interdependent preferences are leading overall explanations for the existence of in-kind transfer programs but that some of the other arguments may apply to specific cases. Political economy considerations must also be part of the story.

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2

TARASEVYCH, Viktor. "THEORETICAL DIMENSION OF INFORMATION-DIGITAL ECONOMY: INFORMATION-DIGITAL PROCESSES AND THEIR ATTRIBUTES." Economy of Ukraine 2021, no. 6 (June 22, 2021): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2021.06.021.

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Cognitive activity and its types (sensory-emotional, empirical-abstract, theoretical-abstract, applied and integral-synthetic) are presented as a contradictory unity of discretizing and cretinizing components. The accompanying information-digital discretizing activity and the accompanying information-digital cretizing activity are characterized as components of the accompanying information-digital activity, their separate attributes, and also results are the basic kinds of discrete-digital materialized derivative information products. The main serial-parallel technical, technological and technical-technological processes of processing accompanying information-digital activity are considered: i) transformation of a discrete materialized derivative information product into a discrete-digital materialized derivative information product by digitization in an analog-to-digital converter; ii) own production of discrete-digital materialized derivative information products with the use of discrete-digital electronic computer; iii) conversion of a discrete-digital materialized derivative information product into an analog materialized derivative information product in a digital-to-analog converter. The composition of the knowledge-information chain of intermediate links between the real object and its final-surface designation is determined: “Real object – knowledge product – knowledge-information product – knowledge-concept product – primary information product – derivative information product – materialized derivative information product – discrete materialized derivative information product – discrete-digital materialized derivative information product.”Four types of information-digital economy are highlighted. Its core, or information-digital economy of the I kind, is represented exclusively by the accompanying information-digital activity, its types and attributes. Information-digital economy of the II kind includes information-digital economy of the I kind and production of attributes of accompanying information-digital activity both within the information economy, and outside it. Information-digital economy of the II kind together with information and non-information economic activity, the attributes of which are discrete-digital materialized derivative information products, forms the information-digital economy of the III kind. Finally, in the information-digital economy of the IV kind, along with the information-digital economy of the III kind, the components of all types of economic activity are presented, in which at least one of the attributes of the accompanying information-digital activity is used.

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3

Li, De Qiang. "Study on the Economy of Scale in Industry Based on DEA." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 1313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1313.

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Scale economic analysis is important in improving industries economic level and the industry competitive power. This paper uses DEA to analyze industry scale economy, and uses China's largest steel enterprise as an example. It shows this kind of analysis in industry scale economy analysis has universal applicability and efficiency.

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4

Gossen, Maike, and Gerd Scholl. "The sharing economy." Ökologisches Wirtschaften - Fachzeitschrift 31, no. 1 (February 25, 2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/oew310141.

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In the so-called sharing economy items are shared, borrowed, exchanged or passed on after use. Scientifically based findings about the usersof consumption and business models of this kind are rare. The aim of this article is to add to the available knowledge about the relevance and scope of the sharing economy in Germany.

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5

Wang, Lu, and Jing Chen. "Developing Circulation Economy Vigorously and Exploring the New Way to Scientific Development." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 2863–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.2863.

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Circulation economy is one kind of new economic form to realize the sustainable development in China. Developing circulation economy is the important content of implementing scientiific view of development and constructing harmonious society.

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6

Yu, Ai Shui. "Construction of the Circulation in the Economy Type City - Take Zhengzhou as an Example." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.675.

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In the face of resource consuming rapidly and serious environmental pollution day by day caused by traditional economy, developing circulation economy has already become the request for development of era. Complying with the request for sustainable development, circulation economy is a kind of ecological economy in essence. This article takes Zhengzhou as an example .On the basis of analysing the intension of circulation economy, the article points out how to structure economic circulation city, and has spied and analysed the connection between circulation economy and sustainable development.

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7

Lorentzen, Anne, and Hugues Jeannerat. "Urban and regional studies in the experience economy: What kind of turn?" European Urban and Regional Studies 20, no. 4 (September 27, 2013): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776412470787.

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8

Graafland, Johan J. "CHRISTIAN FAITH, ECONOMY AND THE ECONOMIC CRISIS." Philosophia Reformata 78, no. 2 (November 17, 2013): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117-90000546.

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"We live in an uncertain world. The politics of the United States affects our lives more often than what is decided in the Hague or Brussels. Many people experience in their daily work a kind of powerlessness when they have to face the consequences of decisions that are taken far away, for example because they work with the daughter company of a multinational. More than ever we are depending on the “global economy”. We are — whether we like it or not — part of a worldwide political and economic entity." This text occurred in a 2002 publication of the Dutch Council of Churches, entitled ‘Economy in the service of life’, and has proved to be prophetic. Because since then, and especially after 2008, the awareness of global dependence and associated impotence has only become stronger. Rarely in history have we observed how quickly economic changes materialize worldwide.

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9

Агамирова, Екатерина, Ekaterina Agamirova, Виктория Лапочкина, and Viktoriya Lapochkina. "Experience economy: dancing in the park." Service & Tourism: Current Challenges 8, no. 2 (June 5, 2014): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4310.

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The article presents the role and place of experience in a person´s life, shows the essence of his personality as a form of interaction with the environment. On the basis of defining the role of leisure and entertainment such areas of modern economic theory as «culture economy» and «experience economy» are highlighted. Dance is shown as a kind of leisure activity and as a commercial product. The authors give a list of open dance floors of Moscow and their locations on the map of the city.

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10

Lain, Bru. "POLANYI’S ECONOMIC EMBEDDEDNESS, COUNTERMOVEMENT, AND REPUBLICAN POLITICAL ECONOMY." Ethics, Politics & Society 1 (May 15, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/eps.1.1.63.

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The aim of this article is to contend that Karl Polanyi’s work bears significant coincidences with the republican tradition of thought. The first of them is one of a methodological or epistemological kind, and it consists of the use of a very similar “social ontology”. The second one is of a substantive sort, and it is related to the “material conditions for freedom” which derive from a very similar conception of freedom and property. In the third section, we propose a republican reading of Polanyi’s work based on three of the author’s primary notions, those of “economic embeddedness”, “double movement”, and “political economy”. The article concludes by arguing that such concepts may prove useful both for understanding the democratic-republican program and for underlining its present validity in contemporary market societies.

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11

Simmons, I. G. "Ecology, Economy, Worldview." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 3, no. 1 (1999): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853599x00054.

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AbstractElaborations of the Marxian dicta about the connections between economic modes and worldviews with an environmental component have been made largely in a social frame. Here, some attempt is made to tease out such linkages over a 10,000-year period and to see if they necessarily comprise the same parameters in each major period of economic history. It is concluded that here as in so many ways the late 19th century sees the beginning of a different kind of era, and that one of its characteristics is a technological determinism that had never existed before in such strength.

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12

Krivoshieva, Yordanka. "Adroke & Alsait Factory – Passemanterie Industry Founder in Bulgaria." Istoriya-History 29, no. 2 (March 10, 2021): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/his2021-2-3-indus.

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History of Passemanterie industry in Bulgaria is little-known yet. This kind of industry has not a big influence in Bulgarian branch economy. Nor it is of vital importance in individual and social life as well. These are the reasons for comparatively lack of researches in the specified sphere. This article is aiming to deny some commonly adopted views about this kind of industry, including it’s subject activity, investment amount and economic significance.

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Krivoshieva, Yordanka. "Adroke & Alsait Factory – Passemanterie Industry Founder in Bulgaria." Istoriya-History 29, no. 2 (March 10, 2021): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/his2021-2-3-indus.

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History of Passemanterie industry in Bulgaria is little-known yet. This kind of industry has not a big influence in Bulgarian branch economy. Nor it is of vital importance in individual and social life as well. These are the reasons for comparatively lack of researches in the specified sphere. This article is aiming to deny some commonly adopted views about this kind of industry, including it’s subject activity, investment amount and economic significance.

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14

Chunyan, Liang, and Chen Zhengyuan. "The Impact of Digital Economy on Total Factor Productivity of China’s Service Industry." Journal of Finance Research 5, no. 2 (December 2, 2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jfr.v5i2.8595.

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As a kind of integrated economy, digital economy has an important impact on the economic growth and production and lifestyle of multiple countries and regions, and plays a significant role in promoting the reconstruction of the international economic pattern. As an important industry of China’s national economy, the service industry is crucial to China’s economic growth. This paper measures the development level of digital economy in provinces and cities through constructing digital economy index system, uses super efficiency SBM-Malmquist model to measure total factor productivity of service industry, and tests the influence effect of digital economy on total factor productivity of Chinese service industry. Finally, the optimization path of digital economy on China’s service industry is proposed.

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15

Stephan, Gunter. "Circular Economy: Illusion or First Step towards a Sustainable Economy: A Physico-Economic Perspective." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 4778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084778.

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“A circular economy is one that is regenerative by design and aims to keep products, components, and materials at their highest utility and value at all times, distinguishing between technical and biological cycles. This new economic model seeks to ultimately decouple global economic development from finite resource consumption”, states the widely used definition of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. This definition conveys two messages. First, it acknowledges that economic activities need natural inputs (energy and material) and generate outputs in the form of waste as well as emissions. Second, it embodies the promise that, through technological innovations, human ingenuity and the market, a full decoupling of the economy from nature can be reached. Obviously both messages are not consistent with each other. Analyzing these issues through the lens of a transdisciplinary approach, which combines insight from thermodynamics with conventional economic theory, is the purpose of this paper. By using such physico-economic perspective, it is argued that not any kind of a circular economy is sustainable. Therefore, indicators are required through which it can be assured that a particular fashion of a circular economy reduces both environmental and social harm.

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16

Piskulova, N. "World Economy Development: Environmental Concern." World Economy and International Relations, no. 12 (2010): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-12-28-37.

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Many scientists note that at the present stage, the environmental concern becomes an economic growth restrictor, and raises an issue of another development model working-out. What kind of model it is, what its core is, will Russia be able to fit in with it – these are the main questions that the present article is trying to answer.

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17

Suleiman, Lukman, Mansur Saidu Adam, Usman Dahiru Jibrin, and Umar Buba. "Managerial Skills: An Imperative for Business Education in Enhancing Nigerian Dwindling Economy." American Economic & Social Review 1, no. 1 (October 2, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aesr.v1i1.144.

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The main aim of this study is to determine the important of business education managerial skills in overcoming the problems of economic recession in Nigeria. Literature was extensively reviewed in relation to business education, managerial skills and economic recession, on that note the concept of business education was discussed by different literature. Furthermore, five (5) importance of business education were identified in relation to the economic development and the nation’s dwindling economy. The study went further and identifies different kind of managerial skills needed by business education students, these skills were found to be very essential in promoting the Nigerian economy and also serves as a way of eradicating the dwindling economy of any given nation.

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18

Xia, Lei. "Construction of Evaluation Index System of Low Carbon Economy." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 2899–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.2899.

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Low carbon economy is a major innovation in mode of development, human economic life consumption mode, technology innovation and policy measures as support, the establishment of a kind of low energy consumption, low pollution, low emission and high efficiency, high efficiency, high efficiency and low carbon industry chain, so as to realize the economic development pattern of low carbonization, human life consumption low carbonization of the new mode of economic development. In order to promote the development of low carbon economy, starting from the connotation of low carbon economy and the perspective of industry chain path, establishment principle of the evaluation index system of low carbon economy, low carbon economy is constructed evaluation index system.

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19

Mironov, Valeriy V., and Liudmila D. Konovalova. "Structural changes and economic growth in the world economy and Russia." Russian Journal of Economics 5, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.5.35233.

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The article considers the problem of the relationship of structural changes and economic growth in the global economy and Russia in the framework of different methodological approaches. At the same time, the paper provides the analysis of complementarity of economic policy types, which, on the one hand, are aimed at developing the fundamentals of GDP growth (institutions, human capital and macroeconomic stabilization), and on the other hand, at initiating growth (with stable fundamentals) with the help of structural policy measures. In the study of structural changes in the global economy, new forms of policies of this kind have been revealed, in particular aimed at identifying sectors — drivers of economic growth based on a portfolio approach. In a given paper a preliminary version of the model of the Russian economy is provided, using a multisector version of the Thirlwall’s Law. Besides, the authors highlight a number of target parameters of indicators of competitiveness of the sectors of the Russian economy that allow us to expect its growth rate to accelerate above the exogenously given growth rate of the world economy.

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20

Kay, John. "What became of the New Economy?" National Institute Economic Review 177 (July 2001): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795010117700106.

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Over the past five years, there have been widespread claims — not only that there is a ‘new economy’ but that a new economy requires new economics. This article reviews the claims of this kind which have been made in three principal areas — in the measurement of economic statistics and in macroeconomic management, in company and stock market valuations, and in the nature of competitive advantage and the origins of business success. In each of these areas, it finds little basis for believing that revolutionary, rather than evolutionary, change is required. Indeed the application of well established economic principles and concepts might have saved investors, commentators, and those whose job it is to manage the economy, from costly mistakes

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21

Marsh, Gerald. "Trust, Testimony, and Prejudice in the Credibility Economy." Hypatia 26, no. 2 (2011): 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2010.01152.x.

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In this paper I argue for a special kind of injustice I call “trust injustice.” Taking Miranda Fricker's work on epistemic injustice as my starting point, I argue that there are some ethical constraints on trust relationships. If I am right about this, then we sometimes have duties to maintain trust relationships that are independent of the social roles we play.

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22

Eber-Schmid, Noah R. "Capital as a Social Kind: Definitions and Transformations in the Critique of Political Economy." New Political Science 34, no. 4 (December 2012): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2012.729748.

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23

Datta, Samar K., Jeffrey B. Nugent, and Asher Tishler. "Contractual Mix Between Cash and Kind Wages of Casual Workers in an Agrarian Economy." Review of Development Economics 8, no. 4 (November 2004): 521–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2004.00250.x.

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24

Kemeny, Thomas, and David Rigby. "Trading away what kind of jobs? Globalization, trade and tasks in the US economy." Review of World Economics 148, no. 1 (May 25, 2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-011-0099-5.

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25

Hessami, Zohal, and Silke Uebelmesser. "A political-economy perspective on social expenditures: corruption and in-kind versus cash transfers." Economics of Governance 17, no. 1 (October 14, 2015): 71–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10101-015-0178-5.

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26

Gola, Jan. "Działania organów administracji gospodarczej Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej – wybrane zagadnienia." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 43, no. 2 (December 27, 2021): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.43.2.25.

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The article presents the basic assumptions of the economic administration system in the Polish People’s Republic, including the functioning of national councils in a centralized economy. The legal forms of action used by economic administration bodies and their impact on the economy are characterized. Attention is also paid to state-owned enterprises, which in the communist state constituted a kind of foundation for the economic system. In addition, there is a reference to economic planning, which contributed to the long-term poor economic condition of the state.

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27

Wang, Zi Qi, Wen Qiang Tian, and Jun Wang. "A Research on the Development of Low-Carbon Economy Based on the View of the Logistics Industry." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.955.

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A low-carbon economy reach is a win-win configuration of a kind of economy that zoology and economy coordinate development. This paper researches on the low carbon economy development based on the view of the logistics industry, therefore the paper discusses two respects: first, interaction mechanisms between the logistics and ecological environment; second, feedback relationship between the logistics and the economic development. However, the traditional logistics can only make economic development, but not be able to achieve environmental protection. Finally, it comes to the necessity of the development of the low-carbon logistics, in addition puts forward the methods and measures for the low-carbon logistics.

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28

Xia, Lei. "Analysis on Construction and Empirical Evaluation of Index System of Low Carbon Economy Development." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 1576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.1576.

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Low carbon economy is a kind of low energy consumption, low pollution, low emission as the basis of a new form of economic development, is the inevitable trend of harmonious development of man and nature. Based on expounding the connotation of low carbon economy and the elements, select the evaluation of each index of low carbon economic development level, the construction of the evaluation index system of low carbon economy, quantitative evaluation of the level of development of low carbon economy, and on this basis, put forward our country in the development of low carbon economy in the course of the transformation of the economic mode of development, increase investment in science and technology, the adjustment of energy consumption structure, optimize the industrial structure, the development of carbon sequestration potential of proposed measures.

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29

Kennedy, Hugh. "Military pay and the economy of the early Islamic state*." Historical Research 75, no. 188 (May 1, 2002): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00145.

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Abstract This article examines the system of military payment in the early Islamic state (c. 650–900 A.D.) and its effect on the economy. It is argued that early Islamic armies were paid in cash salaries, rather than land grants or kind. This meant that a massive amount of coinage was put into circulation and spent by the soldiers in the markets of the developing towns of the Middle East. The system of military payment played an important part in creating the urban, cash based market economy of the early Islamic world which contrasts so sharply with the land and kind based economies of the contemporary Byzantine empire and Latin West.

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30

Eneeva, Madina, Madina Gazaeva, Takhir Toguzaev, Magamed Israilov, and Zalim Kaisinov. "Prospects for national agriculture in the new reality." E3S Web of Conferences 262 (2021): 03020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126203020.

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The term “new reality” entered the lexicon of economists in the last decade. It means fundamental changes in the economy, which are predominantly economic in nature, also expanded in engineering and technology, sociology, politics and psychology. In 2020, the “new reality” supplemented with Covid-19. It seems that the reason for its strong influence on the economy is that Covid-19 is becoming a kind of economic factor related not even with the development of pharmacology, epidemiology, etc., but with the fact that it touched one of the most dynamically developing spheres of the economy - services. Agriculture has also faced the “new reality” in a new century. But in contrast to the economy, its “new reality” is formed by qualitatively different factors: climate, weather, social polarization of societies, increased consumption and decrease of the matrix of basic factors of agricultural production. In this regard, a study of the prospects for national agriculture merits attention.

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31

Navarro, Carlos. "Optimal government size and economic growth in Spain. Evidences through the Armey Curve (1980-2016)." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 6, no. 12 (December 16, 2019): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.612.7524.

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This study analyzes the effect of public expenditure on economic growth for the Spanish economy, in the period between 1980 and 2016. The Armey curve is used as an analytical tool to describe the relationship between the two variables indicated. The two objectives of this study are check if there is a quadratic relationship of this kind between the two variables for the Spanish economy, as predicted by the model, and there, calculate their optimum. The empirical findings indicate the existence of a significant relationship inverted U-shaped between the two variables in the Spanish economy, obtaining an optimal public expenditure in Spain of 40.07% of GDP, 5.07% lower than the size of the public sector by 2016. Based on these results, an economic policy proposal could be the need to reduce the percentage of public expenditure with the goal of attaining greater efficiency in the Spanish economy.

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32

Gavrilyeva, Tuyara, Anna Naberezhnaya, and Marina Ivanova. "Assessing the contribution of subsistence economy in income generation of rural households in Yakutia." E3S Web of Conferences 176 (2020): 05014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017605014.

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Traditional economic activity is a significant part of non- observed economy sustaining in regions with a large share of rural population. Non-transparency of subsistence economy hampers assessment of its contribution to goods and services production, the number and income levels of self-employed. The paper summarizes a study of contribution of private subsidiary plots and other forms of traditional economic activity (hunting, fishery, gathering) in rural household incomes and self- employment in Yakutia based on a representative sociological survey of 2017-2019. The share of in-kind income in household budgets estimated by the authors averages 15.7%, partly compensating for cash income deficit and helping alleviate poverty problem in the region.

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33

SIMMONS, DANA. "Waste Not, Want Not: Excrement and Economy in Nineteenth-Century France." Representations 96, no. 1 (2006): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2006.96.1.73.

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ABSTRACT In mid-nineteenth-century France, the science of animal nutrition morphed into a Romantic political program. Scientists and socialists formulated a kind of industrial physiocracy that sought to replace wage work and finance capital with an unimpeded flow of excrement.

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34

M. Nazeeruddin and M.Jafarullah Baig. "Sri Lanka’s Economic crisis- An Eye Opener." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 7, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i04.001.

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The Island country, Sri Lanka exports largely textiles, garments, rubber, tea, and coconut products and imports consumer goods, especially crude oil, coal and other petroleum products. For the first time in the history of Sri Lanka the worst economic crisis has been witnessed. The present government is grossly responsible for this kind of economic mess in Sri Lanka. People from all walks of life in Sri Lanka are struggling for want of sufficient money, fuel and food. This kind of misgovernance results in cascading effect which paralyses all the crucial and vital sectors of the economy.

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35

Samuelson, Pamela, Paul M. Schwartz, Joel R. Reidenberg, Peter P. Swire, and Robert E. Litan. "A New Kind of Privacy? Regulating Uses of Personal Data in the Global Information Economy." California Law Review 87, no. 3 (May 1999): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3481032.

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36

Dragan, Alexandru, and Nicolae Popa. "Social Economy in Post-communist Romania: What Kind of Volunteering for What Type of NGOs?" Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 19, no. 3 (February 6, 2017): 330–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2017.1277088.

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37

Bongardt, Annette, and Francisco Torres. "Enviromental Protection and Sustainable Development in the European Union: Evolution, Governance and Implications for Competitiveness." Perspectivas - Journal of Political Science, no. 9 (August 20, 2012): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/perspectivas.44.

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This article considers how the EU governance set-up envolved with respect to environmental protection and sustainable development. It aims at evaluating the EU´s progress towards creating the basis for a competitive, low-carbon, European economy (a kind of EU industrial strategy) and sustainable production and consumption patterns. The article concludes that environmental and energie policies have become increasingly Europeanized and come under the single market and competitiveness rationale. It puts forward that the shift to a low-carbon economy is associated with important economic benefits, whereas economic costs appear overrated. However, shortcomings in EU governance sit uneasily with a more coherent approach to sustainable development.

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38

Qin, Yusu, and Yang Qi. "The Informal Tourism Economic Model of the Ethnic Minority Regionsin Southwest China." Journal of Asian Development 4, no. 1 (April 15, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jad.v4i1.11887.

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Yunnan province located in Southwest China and owns a variety of tourism resource that makes him become one of the most popular tourist resorts. But, due to these ethnic minorities who are directly transferred from the primitive commune economy and feudal lord economy to modern market economy disable to grip the operation essence of the current economy system and the out-comers who are proficient in the market competition crowded out the natives and occupied the resources, the economy of Yunnan separated into two skin which produced the ethnic tensions and obstacles of economic development. Under this circumstance, informal economy plays a non-negligible role. Through a field work in the northeast areas of these regions, we found that a kind of informal tourism economy model that through constituted an informal tourism network which consisted of varieties of travel agencies, local restaurants, hotels and inns to collecting the individual tourists to forming a tour group called Individual Spell Group. This complementary network attracts tourists to buy their tour package in an ultra- low price and inducing them to shopping in some of special shopping spots operated by local ethnic minorities in a way we called ‘Soft compulsive shopping’. So, that, the funds be ingeniously transferred to the pocket of local ethnic minorities and then distributing to the other members of this network. In addition, our research found that by artfully utilizing the change of tax levy way, this kind of informal model also help local government to avoiding revenue levied by the state and keep the funds to developing this region. We believe the informal economy not only play an important role in some economic system especially where the modernity absent but also could efficiently solving the social problems, changing political force and, ultimately, effecting the people’s thinking.

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Afanasiev, M. P., and N. N. Shash. "Economic reforms in Russia: A new French look (On the book by J. Vercueil “L’Economie politique de la Russie: 1918—2018”)." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 5, 2020): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-9-140-155.

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The Russian economy and its modern transformations are of great interest to French researchers. The economic history of Russia has become the subject of analysis of the book by J. Vercueil “Political economy of Russia: 1918—2018”. In it, from the standpoint of modern French regulationism (a type of institutionalism ), questions of economic reforms in Russia and their evolution over the past 30 years are considered. The article analyzes three basic concepts of the French author, defining the modern Russian economic system: (1) “Russian disease” as a kind of Dutch disease; (2) rental mode of accumulation; (3) the “Gazprom” way of regulating the economy. In addition, the originality of the use of the term “political economy” is considered with reference to a specific country; Vercueil’s interpretation of the theory of “economics of shortage” by J. Kornai; the mechanism for resolving the problem of arrears in a transition economy, as well as the issues of classification and periodization of economic reforms, their pace and content. The role and place of economic advisers and the IMF in the course of Gaidar reforms are discussed. The article gives a critical analysis of the propositions and hypotheses put forward by the author.

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Basaev, Z. V. "The Digitalisation of the Economy: Russia in the Context of Global Transformation." World of new economy 12, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2018-12-4-32-38.

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The article deals with the analysis of global trends and processes of transformation of the Russian economy associated with the increasing digitalisation. The author showed the modern manifestations of this transformation and revealed the consequences of digitalisation of the world economy, including the reduction of transaction costs, the emergence of new business models, the exclusion of intermediaries due to direct interaction between the consumer and the supplier. The author notes the absence of a generally accepted scientific definition of the digital economy both in Russia and abroad, separately analyses the history of this concept, reveals in detail the modern approaches to the definition of the term. The author concluded that most experts consider the digital economy as part of the socio-economic relations or a special kind of economic activity, based on new methods of processing, storage and transmission of data. The author also presented the features of the formation of the domestic digital economy. Finally, the author identified the problems and possible directions for using digital technologies that contribute to the reduction of technological backwardness in Russia.

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Žiemelis, Darius. "The comparative analysis of Lithuanian manorial-serf economy and hacienda economic system of Latin America in the context of capitalist world system: from the second half of the 18th to the second half of the 19th centuries." Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 27–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53604/rjbns.v10i2_3.

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The paper compares for the first time in historiography the Lithuanian manorial-serf economy and Latin American hacienda economic systems of the second half of the 18th century to the second half of the 19th century in the context of the capitalist world system (CWS). The main focus will be on the explication in macro level of similarities and differences of structures and development trends of these systems. The analyzed period corresponds to the stage of both the dominance and intensification of manorial-serf economy in Lithuania and predominance and intensification of hacienda economy in Latin American countries and it was determined by the same factor of the industrial revolution. The study confirms the thesis that these economic systems belonged to typologically closed economic kind (they were focused on the serfdom method of production) in the global division of labor. It shows that both Lithuanian manorial-serf economy and haciendas of Latin America were not typical feudal enterprises, but displayed only peripheral (agrarian) capitalism features.

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Koltonski, Daniel. "Vocations, Exploitation, and Professions in a Market Economy." Social Theory and Practice 44, no. 3 (2018): 323–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract201862141.

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In a market economy, members of professions—or at least those for whom their profession is a vocation—are vulnerable to a distinctive kind of objectionable exploitation, namely the exploitation of their vocational commitment. That they are vulnerable in this way is not a contingent fact, for it arises out of central features both of professions and of a market economy. And, for certain professions—the care professions—this exploitation is particularly objectionable, since, for these professions, the exploitation at issue is not only exploitation of the professional’s vocational commitment but also of her even more basic commitment to morality.

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Samara, Adel. "Globalization, the Palestinian Economy, and the "Peace Process"." Journal of Palestine Studies 29, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2676534.

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Notwithstanding the peace process, the areas of the West Bank and Gaza under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority remain dominated by Israeli economic policies and are subordinated to the prescriptions of international financial institutions, such as the World Bank and the IMF, which played a central role in designing the PA economy. The article concludes that the PA's unquestioning adoption of neoliberal economic policies favoring foreign capital at the expense of local capital has further weakened the local private sector and resulted in a kind of "development" that does not serve the population.

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Semin, Aleksandr. "On selected changes in the paradigm of research on rural development and food security." Russian Journal of Management 8, no. 4 (January 25, 2021): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2020-8-4-131-135.

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Under the influence of a variety of exogenous and endogenous factors, economic phenomena, as well as economic mechanisms, are constantly changing and transforming, characterized by a noticeable diversity. Various changes are taking place in almost all spheres of the real sector of the economy, including the sphere of agro-food supply of the country's population and the development of rural areas. Processes of this kind entail the need to change the research paradigm of both food security and the development of non-urban (rural) multifunctional territories, and its adaptation to the ongoing processes. This article is devoted to these problems. Under the influence of a variety of exogenous and endogenous factors, economic phenomena, as well as economic mechanisms, are constantly changing and transforming, characterized by a noticeable diversity. Various changes are taking place in almost all spheres of the real sector of the economy, including the sphere of agro-food supply of the country's population and the development of rural areas. Processes of this kind entail the need to change the research paradigm of both food security and the development of non-urban (rural) multifunctional territories, and its adaptation to the ongoing processes. This article is devoted to these problems.

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Yang (杨团), Tuan. "This Kind of Collective Is Not That Kind of Collective—In Search of a Path of Communitarian and Integrated Cooperatives (此集体非彼集体——为社区性、综合性乡村合作组织探路)." Rural China 14, no. 2 (September 20, 2017): 454–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22136746-01402007.

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This paper combs through more than 30 years of the rural collective economic system reforms and distinguishes the conceptual differences among the People's Communes collective, the joint stock cooperative collective, and the community cooperative collective, and among the cooperative economy, the collective economy, the shareholding economy, and the community economy. This paper argues that it is not suitable to simply and rashly push forward the practice of China’s most developed areas’ rural collective economy property rights system to the whole country.Taking the Puhan model and Jindian model as examples, this paper shows that by absorbing the experiences of the East Asian farmers’ integrated cooperatives, their experiences in local community development, and also the comprehensive rural cooperative organizations in mainland China, there exists a third possible way to bring forth the vitality of village communities and generate healthy and sustainable rural development, in preference to the old rural collective Commune system and the corporate or joint stock co-op models.本文梳理了围绕农村集体经济制度改革的30余年历史，分辨了人民公社集体、股份合作制集体和社区合作集体；合作经济、集体经济、股份经济与社区（社群）经济的不同，提出不宜将适合发达地区的农村集体经济产权制度改革推向全国。本文以蒲韩和金店两地的农民组织为例说明，借鉴东亚综合农协经验和本土经验的社区性、综合性乡村合作组织，是在公社集体制和公司制或股份合作制之外，能激发村庄活力和形成经济社会良性循环的第三条路。 (This article is in Chinese.)

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Xia, Liang Jie, Dao Zhi Zhao, and Bai Yun Yuan. "Carbon Efficient Supply Chain Management: Literature Review with Extensions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 1407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1407.

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In low carbon economy, carbon emissions permit has become a kind of resource; in the market economy system, new economic relations between enterprises have appeared, these characteristics make enterprise operation cost structure and profiting pattern changed. The paper reviews the previous literature on carbon footprint, production optimization theory individual enterprise and supply chain operation management with carbon emissions constraints. Then the paper put forward four worth further research directions: Carbon emission cost distribution and scientific measurement in supply chain; supply chain operation based on consumer behavior in Low Carbon Economy Era; optimizing the allocation of carbon emissions permit in supply chain; Dynamic Multi-period operation optimization of carbon efficient supply chain.

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Kawka, Tomasz. "Sports Organisations in Context of New Economy." Kwartalnik Ekonomistów i Menedżerów 22, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.5531.

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The paper presents theoretical considerations on the changing organizational conditions in the days of the new economy. The main conceptual idea is to describe a sports organization as example of organizations in mainstream contemporary transformations. The first part of the text it focuses on describing the key changes in the today environment and organizational structures in the context of human capital management. In this light, there is described the characteristics of a sports organizations. The text analyses the determinants of the division of sports and economic goals, and also it describes the role and importance of human capital in shaping the sports product. Thanks to the analysis of the specific objectives of the company sports, the author tries to justify that a sports organization, which is dominated by talent management, diversity management and team building commitment through organizational climate, reflects the kind of organization on the way to the new economy.

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Novruzov, Nofel. "Informal economy in the world and in Azerbaijan." KANT Social Sciences & Humanities, no. 5 (January 2021): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2305-8757.2021-5.3.

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According to the ILO, more than 61 percent of the world's employed people worldwide earn their living in the informal economy. After the collapse of the USSR and the administrative-command system in most countries with economies in transition, the informal sector became quite significant and began to play an irreplaceable role in creating jobs, generating income for the population and producing goods and services. This article examines different assessments of the size and composition of the informal economy in the world and in Azerbaijan. Special attention is paid to the factors, causes and consequences of the functioning of the informal economy. The author believes that the informal sector should be viewed as a kind of social stabilizer, although due to its large scale it should be regulated and, if possible, formalized.

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Jaen Jiménez, Bernardo. "Corea y México: Dos estrategias de crecimiento con resultados dispares, José Antonio Romero y Julen Berasaluce, México, El Colegio de México, 2018, 403 pp." Expresión Económica, no. 44 (June 1, 2020): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/eera.vi44.875.

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In this book, Romero and Berasaluce address a crucial question: why has the Mexican economy had such a mediocre performance compared to the success that Korea has shown in the last 50 years? What kind of economic policies did the Korean government promote that allowed it to be part of the select group of developed countries, while Mexico remains underdeveloped? What was the role played by the Korean Government in leading the development of the economy and achieving higher levels of well-being for its population?

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Dragaj, Arsim, and Alban Maliqi. "APPLICATION OF THE LAW AND PREVENTION OF ECONOMIC CRIME IN KOSOVO." Knowledge International Journal 30, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij30061491d.

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The issue, which we will be treated economic criminality and its features. Economic criminality, as a shaft theme, will be analyzed in several respects. In this paper of doctoral degree will be treated the economic criminality, which in the criminal code of Kosovo is defined as a criminal offense against the economy. Some of the criminal offenses against the economy will be analyzed along with their general and specific characteristics and will also be treated the penalties foreseen for these criminal offenses. Especially will be treated thee factors and causes that influence the occurrence of this criminality separately. Economic criminality has a degrading effect on the contemporary social system and regulation of the state. This kind of criminality as such as it is, poses a threat to Kosovo's stability and international stability, so the limits of the extent of economic criminality, we can say, there are not the country's borders. In Kosovo, economic criminality continues to be a very present and very negative phenomenon that is trying to emulate the development and consolidation of the state of Kosovo. The damage that comes as a result of economic criminality is far greater than any expense incurred for combating and preventing this phenomenon. Economic criminality is a dangerous phenomenon for society, as this kind of criminality is affecting the economic system and the economic and social relations of the country. Since the title of this issue is "The Forms and Causes of Economic Crime in Kosovo for the Period 2008-2011", so for the purpose of recognizing the presence and presence of this kind of criminality in Kosovo will be presented a criminal offense economic crime for the period from 2008 to 2017. In continuance there will be treated the procedural aspect and the role of the competent bodies for prosecuting, preventing and combating economic criminality such as the police, the prosecution and the court.

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