Academic literature on the topic 'In-Kind Economy'
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Journal articles on the topic "In-Kind Economy"
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Currie, Janet, and Firouz Gahvari. "Transfers in Cash and In-Kind: Theory Meets the Data." Journal of Economic Literature 46, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 333–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.46.2.333.
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We review theoretical explanations for in-kind transfers in light of the limited empirical evidence. After reviewing the traditional paternalistic arguments, we consider explanations based on imperfect information and self-targeting. We then discuss the large literature on in-kind programs as a way of improving the efficiency of the tax system and a range of other possible explanations, including the “Samaritan's Dilemma,” pecuniary effects, credit constraints, asymmetric information amongst agents, and political economy considerations. Our reading of the evidence suggests that paternalism and interdependent preferences are leading overall explanations for the existence of in-kind transfer programs but that some of the other arguments may apply to specific cases. Political economy considerations must also be part of the story.
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TARASEVYCH, Viktor. "THEORETICAL DIMENSION OF INFORMATION-DIGITAL ECONOMY: INFORMATION-DIGITAL PROCESSES AND THEIR ATTRIBUTES." Economy of Ukraine 2021, no. 6 (June 22, 2021): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2021.06.021.
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Cognitive activity and its types (sensory-emotional, empirical-abstract, theoretical-abstract, applied and integral-synthetic) are presented as a contradictory unity of discretizing and cretinizing components. The accompanying information-digital discretizing activity and the accompanying information-digital cretizing activity are characterized as components of the accompanying information-digital activity, their separate attributes, and also results are the basic kinds of discrete-digital materialized derivative information products. The main serial-parallel technical, technological and technical-technological processes of processing accompanying information-digital activity are considered: i) transformation of a discrete materialized derivative information product into a discrete-digital materialized derivative information product by digitization in an analog-to-digital converter; ii) own production of discrete-digital materialized derivative information products with the use of discrete-digital electronic computer; iii) conversion of a discrete-digital materialized derivative information product into an analog materialized derivative information product in a digital-to-analog converter. The composition of the knowledge-information chain of intermediate links between the real object and its final-surface designation is determined: “Real object – knowledge product – knowledge-information product – knowledge-concept product – primary information product – derivative information product – materialized derivative information product – discrete materialized derivative information product – discrete-digital materialized derivative information product.”Four types of information-digital economy are highlighted. Its core, or information-digital economy of the I kind, is represented exclusively by the accompanying information-digital activity, its types and attributes. Information-digital economy of the II kind includes information-digital economy of the I kind and production of attributes of accompanying information-digital activity both within the information economy, and outside it. Information-digital economy of the II kind together with information and non-information economic activity, the attributes of which are discrete-digital materialized derivative information products, forms the information-digital economy of the III kind. Finally, in the information-digital economy of the IV kind, along with the information-digital economy of the III kind, the components of all types of economic activity are presented, in which at least one of the attributes of the accompanying information-digital activity is used.
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Li, De Qiang. "Study on the Economy of Scale in Industry Based on DEA." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 1313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1313.
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Scale economic analysis is important in improving industries economic level and the industry competitive power. This paper uses DEA to analyze industry scale economy, and uses China's largest steel enterprise as an example. It shows this kind of analysis in industry scale economy analysis has universal applicability and efficiency.
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Gossen, Maike, and Gerd Scholl. "The sharing economy." Ökologisches Wirtschaften - Fachzeitschrift 31, no. 1 (February 25, 2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/oew310141.
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In the so-called sharing economy items are shared, borrowed, exchanged or passed on after use. Scientifically based findings about the usersof consumption and business models of this kind are rare. The aim of this article is to add to the available knowledge about the relevance and scope of the sharing economy in Germany.
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Wang, Lu, and Jing Chen. "Developing Circulation Economy Vigorously and Exploring the New Way to Scientific Development." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 2863–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.2863.
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Circulation economy is one kind of new economic form to realize the sustainable development in China. Developing circulation economy is the important content of implementing scientiific view of development and constructing harmonious society.
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Yu, Ai Shui. "Construction of the Circulation in the Economy Type City - Take Zhengzhou as an Example." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.675.
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In the face of resource consuming rapidly and serious environmental pollution day by day caused by traditional economy, developing circulation economy has already become the request for development of era. Complying with the request for sustainable development, circulation economy is a kind of ecological economy in essence. This article takes Zhengzhou as an example .On the basis of analysing the intension of circulation economy, the article points out how to structure economic circulation city, and has spied and analysed the connection between circulation economy and sustainable development.
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Lorentzen, Anne, and Hugues Jeannerat. "Urban and regional studies in the experience economy: What kind of turn?" European Urban and Regional Studies 20, no. 4 (September 27, 2013): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776412470787.
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Graafland, Johan J. "CHRISTIAN FAITH, ECONOMY AND THE ECONOMIC CRISIS." Philosophia Reformata 78, no. 2 (November 17, 2013): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117-90000546.
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"We live in an uncertain world. The politics of the United States affects our lives more often than what is decided in the Hague or Brussels. Many people experience in their daily work a kind of powerlessness when they have to face the consequences of decisions that are taken far away, for example because they work with the daughter company of a multinational. More than ever we are depending on the “global economy”. We are — whether we like it or not — part of a worldwide political and economic entity." This text occurred in a 2002 publication of the Dutch Council of Churches, entitled ‘Economy in the service of life’, and has proved to be prophetic. Because since then, and especially after 2008, the awareness of global dependence and associated impotence has only become stronger. Rarely in history have we observed how quickly economic changes materialize worldwide.
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Агамирова, Екатерина, Ekaterina Agamirova, Виктория Лапочкина, and Viktoriya Lapochkina. "Experience economy: dancing in the park." Service & Tourism: Current Challenges 8, no. 2 (June 5, 2014): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4310.
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The article presents the role and place of experience in a person´s life, shows the essence of his personality as a form of interaction with the environment. On the basis of defining the role of leisure and entertainment such areas of modern economic theory as «culture economy» and «experience economy» are highlighted. Dance is shown as a kind of leisure activity and as a commercial product. The authors give a list of open dance floors of Moscow and their locations on the map of the city.
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Lain, Bru. "POLANYI’S ECONOMIC EMBEDDEDNESS, COUNTERMOVEMENT, AND REPUBLICAN POLITICAL ECONOMY." Ethics, Politics & Society 1 (May 15, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/eps.1.1.63.
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The aim of this article is to contend that Karl Polanyi’s work bears significant coincidences with the republican tradition of thought. The first of them is one of a methodological or epistemological kind, and it consists of the use of a very similar “social ontology”. The second one is of a substantive sort, and it is related to the “material conditions for freedom” which derive from a very similar conception of freedom and property. In the third section, we propose a republican reading of Polanyi’s work based on three of the author’s primary notions, those of “economic embeddedness”, “double movement”, and “political economy”. The article concludes by arguing that such concepts may prove useful both for understanding the democratic-republican program and for underlining its present validity in contemporary market societies.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "In-Kind Economy"
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Ngianga-Bakwin, Kandala. "Spatial modelling of socio-economic and demographic determinants of childhood undernutrition and mortality in Africa /." Aachen : Shaker, 2002. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0702/2006485828.html.
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Louw, Abraham Johannes Petrus. "The Indian Ocean Rim : what kind of region is in the making?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53649.
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Mini-study project (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The processes of regionalism and regionalisation, of which a relatively high level is evident in the Indian Ocean Rim (lOR), that characterise today's global economy offer opportunities for economic growth and development to the mainly developing countries in the Indian Ocean Rim. The lOR has achieved the status of regional society which contributes towards the region actively articulating the interests of the member nations. The lesser-developed countries may well use this developing regionalisation in the lOR to combat its risk of marginalisation in the global order. Great diversity and disparity exist amongst lOR countries on levels of economic development, growth and openness, resulting in few countries achieving the major portion of the region's economic activities. This may complicate the development needs of the nation-states resulting in a low level of development uniformity. Such diversity poses a risk of polarised and unequal investment and development amongst member nations, and ultimately marginalisation in the global order. This does not support economic integration, but calls for economic co-operation to assist with economic development of the lOR. The lOR, as part of the global trading process, comprises a significant portion of the world's trade arising from the region and it presents a large market in the global economy. The lOR is further predominantly developing under the framework and rules of the WTO. Comparing the lOR-ARC with other regional organisations involving main global trading nations, it is evident that in trade volume and economic impact it is not comparable. However, the strategic importance of its energy resources and its locality in particular raises the prominence of the region in the global order. A low level of regional trade exists in the region resulting in the lOR countries being poor candidates for regional integration. However, it is significant to note that intra-regional trade in the lOR has over recent years grown significantly higher than its trade with the world. SA, as hegemon in Southern Africa, may gain development opportunities from its prominence in the lOR. The emerging African Union and NEPAD, however, are expected to receive higher priority amongst political decision makers than the lOR. The country's existing trade focus is with the developed North and it appears that the broader focus in the immediate future will be with mainly non-lOR countries. Variable geometry amongst the nations is common and developments amongst the region's numerous sub-regional groupings are leaning heavily towards economic integration into the future. A high level of institutionalisation has developed out of the role and activities of the lOR-ARC in the region. The IOR-ARC's principle of open regionalism promotes integration. The lOR-ARC, originally aimed at multi-sector cooperation as part of its focus on economic co-operation, is therefore expected to move towards economic integration into the future. When considering a broader perspective, it is evident that the lOR's readiness to embrace economic integration at this point is relatively low. Overall the focus within the lOR although currently focussing on economic cooperation, is expected to move towards economic integration, or neo-functional integration, into the medium to long term.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die prosesse van regionalisme en regionalisasie wat die hedendaagse globale ekonomie kenmerk en hulself manifesteer op relatiewe hoë vlak binne die Indiese Oseaan Randgebied (lOR), bied geleenthede vir ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling aan die hoofsaaklik ontwikkelende lande in the lOR. Die lOR het die entiteit status van streeks-gemeenskap bereik wat dit in staat stelom by te dra om die lidlande se belange te artikuleer. Die minder-ontwikkelde lande mag egter hierdie ontwikkelende regionalisasie uitsluitlik gebruik om hul risiko tot marginalisasie in die globale orde te beperk. Hoë vlakke van diversiteit en dispariteit bestaan tussen die lOR lande in areas van ekonomiese ontwikkeling, groei en toeganklikheid, wat aanleiding gee dat 'n paar lande die oorgrote meerderheid ekonomiese aktiwiteite en bydrae lewer. Hierdie tendens mag egter lidlande se ontwikkelingsbehoeftes kompliseer wat lei tot 'n lae vlak van ontwikkeling-eenvormigheid in die streek. Hierdie diversiteit skep 'n risiko van gepolariseerde en ongelyke investering en ontwikkeling by die lidlande, en gevolglik 'n risiko van globale marginalisasie. Hierdie aspekte ondersteun nie ekonomies integrasie nie, maar eerder ekonomiese samewerking om by te dra tot die ekonomiese ontwikkeling van die lOR. Die lOR, as deel van die globale handelsproses, maak 'n noemenswaardige gedeelte uit van wêreldhandel, met oorsprong in die streek, en die streek bied 'n groot mark binne die globale ekonomie. Die ontwikkeling van die lOR in hierdie aspek vind hoofsaaklik plaas binne die raamwerk en reëls van die Wêreld Handelsorganisasie. 'n Vergelyking tussen die Indiese Oseaan Randgebied Assosiasie vir Ekonomiese Samewerking (lOR-ARC) en ander streeksorganisasies, wat die hoof globale handeldrywende nasies insluit, toon duidelik dat die lOR-ARC in handelsvolume en ekonomiese impak nie vergelykbaar is nie. Die strategiese belangrikheid van die energiebronne en die streeksligging in besonder, verhoog egter die belangrikheid van die streek in die wêreld orde. Die huidige lae streekshandel in die lOR dra daartoe by dat die lOR lande nie sterk kandidate vir streeksintegrasie is nie, alhoewel merkwaardige groei die afgelope jare op intra-streekshandel in die lOR voorgekom het. Sulke groei was aansienlik hoër as groei in lOR handel met die wêreld. SA, as hegemonie in Suider-Afrika, mag baat by ontwikkelingsgeleenthede wat mag uitvloei uit die land se prominensie in die lOR. Die Afrika Unie en NEPAD sal na verwagting egter hoër prioriteit by politieke besluitnemers geniet as die lOR. SA se gevestigde handelsfokus is gemik op die ontwikkelde "Noorde", en dit blyk asof die onmiddelike breër handelsfokus hoofsaaklik op nie-lOR lande gaan mik. Wisselende geometrie is algemeen by lOR lande en verdere verwikkelinge tussen die streek se veelvuldige sub-streeksorganisasies neig sterk na toekomstige ekonomiese integrasie. 'n Hoë vlak van institusionalisering het ontwikkel uit die rol en aktiwiteite van die lOR-ARC in streeksverband. Die lOR-ARC se beginsel van ope regionalisme bevorder integrasie verder. Die verwagting is dat die lOR-ARC, met sy oorsprong in multi-sektor ekonomiese samewerking, in die toekoms gaan beweeg na ekonomiese integrasie. Vanuit In breër perspektief gesien is dit duidelik dat die gereedheid van die lOR om ekonomiese integrasie aan te gryp tans relatief laag is. In die geheel gesien word die lOR, met die huidige fokus op ekonomiese samewerking, verwag om te beweeg na ekonomiese integrasie of neo-funksionele integrasie in die medium tot langtermyn.
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Palialol, Bruno Toni. "In-kind transfers in Brazil: household consumption and welfare effects." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-05092016-161730/.
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Today in Brazil, Programa de Alimentação dos Trabalhadores (PAT) creates incentives for firms to provide 20 million workers with in-kind transfers, typically in voucher form. This work uses a propensity score framework to test whether such benefits distort consumption decisions when compared to cash transfers, considering the latter are subject to payroll taxes. Results suggest poor households consume from 15.7% to 25.0% more food when receiving benefits instead of cash and that deadweight loss associated with distortions reach US$ 63.1 (R$ 150.1) million. Overconsumption, however, may not be increasing worker\'s health and productivity as desired. Although further analysis needs to be made in terms of nutrient intakes, this is a first evidence that PAT may not achieve its main objectiveAtualmente, o Programa de Alimentação dos Trabalhadores (PAT) cria incentivos para que firmas brasileiras realizem transferências em produto, tipicamente na forma de vales ou tíquetes, para cerca de 20 milhões de trabalhadores. O presente trabalho utiliza uma metodologia baseada em escore de propensão para testar se tais benefícios distorcem as decisões de consumo das famílias quando comparadas a transferências em dinheiro, considerando que essas últimas estão sujeitas a deduções fiscais características do mercado de trabalho. Os resultados sugerem que domicílios de baixa renda que recebem o benefício consomem de 15,7% a 25,0% mais comida do que se recebessem dinheiro e que o peso morto associado às distorções atinge US$ 63,1 (R$ 150,1) milhões. Entretanto, não há evidências de que o excesso de consumo de alimentos esteja, como se desejaria, tornando os trabalhadores mais saudáveis e produtivos. Apesar da necessidade de uma análise mais detalhada em termos de nutrientes, esta é uma primeira evidência de que o PAT pode não estar atingindo seus principais objetivos
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Berg, Bengt Åke. "Volatility, integration and grain banks : studies in harvests, rye prices and institutional development of the parish magasins in Sweden in the 18th and 19th centuries." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, EHFF - Stiftelsen för Ekonomisk-historisk och Företagshistorisk Forskning, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-481.
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This study is the first to focus primarily on the Swedish parish magasins, the country’s most widespread credit institution in the last half of the 18th, and the first part of the 19th, century. During the Early Modern Period, grain price volatility was a matter of great concern. The parish magasins were conceived as a substitute for government action intended to stabilize grain prices and offer relief in case of crop failure. The thesis analyzes the problems of harvest variability and grain price fluctuations utilizing both theory and empirical evidence. It is concluded that market integration, especially by permitting imports, was more effective than inter-harvest storage in reducing the likelihood of high prices. Initially the peasants were sceptical of the new institution. Although the establishment of the magasins was strictly speaking voluntary, substantial hierarchical pressure was applied. Once they had come into existence, however, the magasins evolved into a type of grain bank. The parishioners found them useful as a source of communal revenue at a time of rising need for local public expenditure for education and poor relief. In addition, the failure of the grain market to meet the needs of the peasantry created a demand for loans in kind. Although by no means ideal, in the absence of any superior institutions, the magasins provided valuable services. When improvements in both municipal finance and the functioning of the grain markets occurred in the second half of the 19th century, the magasins became obsolete. Both history and geography impact the formation of institutions. This study describes one such case of institutional development and attempts to explain why the outcome deviated from the original intention.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, 2007
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Daly, Marwa El. "Challenges and potentials of channeling local philanthropy towards development and aocial justice and the role of waqf (Islamic and Arab-civic endowments) in building community foundations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16511.
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Diese Arbeit bietet eine solide theoretische Grundlage zu Philanthropie und religiös motivierten Spendenaktivitäten und deren Einfluss auf Wohltätigkeitstrends, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und einer auf dem Gedanken der sozialen Gerechtigkeit beruhenden Philanthropie. Untersucht werden dafür die Strukturen religiös motivierte Spenden, für die in der islamischen Tradition die Begriffe „zakat“, „Waqf“ oder im Plural auch „awqaf-“ oder „Sadaqa“ verwendet werden, der christliche Begriff dafür lautet „tithes“ oder „ushour“. Aufbauend auf diesem theoretischen Rahmenwerk analysiert die qualitative und quantitative Feldstudie auf nationaler Ebene, wie die ägyptische Öffentlichkeit Philanthropie, soziale Gerechtigkeit, Menschenrechte, Spenden, Freiwilligenarbeit und andere Konzepte des zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements wahrnimmt. Um eine umfassende und repräsentative Datengrundlage zu erhalten, wurden 2000 Haushalte, 200 zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen erfasst, sowie Spender, Empfänger, religiöse Wohltäter und andere Akteure interviewt. Die so gewonnen Erkenntnisse lassen aussagekräftige Aufschlüsse über philanthropische Trends zu. Erstmals wird so auch eine finanzielle Einschätzung und Bewertung der Aktivitäten im lokalen Wohltätigkeitsbereich möglich, die sich auf mehr als eine Billion US-Dollar beziffern lassen. Die Erhebung weist nach, dass gemessen an den Pro-Kopf-Aufwendungen die privaten Spendenaktivitäten weitaus wichtiger sind als auswärtige wirtschaftliche Hilfe für Ägypten. Das wiederum lässt Rückschlüsse zu, welche Bedeutung lokale Wohltätigkeit erlangen kann, wenn sie richtig gesteuert wird und nicht wie bislang oft im Teufelskreis von ad-hoc-Spenden oder Hilfen von Privatperson an Privatperson gefangen ist. Die Studie stellt außerdem eine Verbindung her zwischen lokalen Wohltätigkeits-Mechanismen, die meist auf religiösen und kulturellen Werten beruhen, und modernen Strukturen, wie etwa Gemeinde-Stiftungen oder Gemeinde-„waqf“, innerhalb derer die Spenden eine nachhaltige Veränderung bewirken können. Daher bietet diese Arbeit also eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Grundlage, die nicht nur ein besseres Verständnis, sondern auch den nachhaltiger Aus- und Aufbau lokaler Wohltätigkeitsstrukturen in Ägypten ermöglicht. Zentral ist dabei vor allem die Rolle lokaler, individueller Spenden, die beispielsweise für Stiftungen auf der Gemeindeebene eingesetzt, wesentlich zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen könnten – und das nicht nur in Ägypten, sondern in der gesamten arabischen Region. Als konkretes Ergebnis dieser Arbeit, wurde ein innovatives Modell entwickelt, dass neben den wissenschaftlichen Daten das Konzept der „waqf“ berücksichtigt. Der Wissenschaftlerin und einem engagierten Vorstand ist es auf dieser Grundlage gelungen, die Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) zu gründen, die nicht nur ein Modell für eine Bürgerstiftung ist, sondern auch das tradierte Konzept der „waqf“ als praktikable und verbürgte Wohlstätigkeitsstruktur sinnvoll weiterentwickelt.This work provides a solid theoretical base on philanthropy, religious giving (Islamic zakat, ‘ushour, Waqf -plural: awqaf-, Sadaqa and Christian tithes or ‘ushour), and their implications on giving trends, development work, social justice philanthropy. The field study (quantitative and qualitative) that supports the theoretical framework reflects at a national level the Egyptian public’s perceptions on philanthropy, social justice, human rights, giving and volunteering and other concepts that determine the peoples’ civic engagement. The statistics cover 2000 households, 200 Civil Society Organizations distributed all over Egypt and interviews donors, recipients, religious people and other stakeholders. The numbers reflect philanthropic trends and for the first time provide a monetary estimate of local philanthropy of over USD 1 Billion annually. The survey proves that the per capita share of philanthropy outweighs the per capita share of foreign economic assistance to Egypt, which implies the significance of local giving if properly channeled, and not as it is actually consumed in the vicious circle of ad-hoc, person to person charity. In addition, the study relates local giving mechanisms derived from religion and culture to modern actual structures, like community foundations or community waqf that could bring about sustainable change in the communities. In sum, the work provides a comprehensive scientific base to help understand- and build on local philanthropy in Egypt. It explores the role that local individual giving could play in achieving sustainable development and building a new wave of community foundations not only in Egypt but in the Arab region at large. As a tangible result of this thesis, an innovative model that revives the concept of waqf and builds on the study’s results was created by the researcher and a dedicated board of trustees who succeeded in establishing Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) that not only introduces the community foundation model to Egypt, but revives and modernizes the waqf as a practical authentic philanthropic structure.
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Botha, Johanna Maria. "Vroee moeder-kind kommunikasie interaksie in lae sosio-ekonomiese families (Afrikaans)." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26375.
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Afrikaans: Die doel van dié studie is om die verbale en nie-verbale kommunikasie gedrag, wat moeders vanuit lae sosio-ekonomiese omstandighede teenoor hul nege maande oue babas gebruik, te beskryf. Ten einde aan die doel te beantwoord, is 'n literatuurstudie en empiriese studie onderneem. Die literatuurstudie verskaf 'n oorsig van moeder-kind kommunikasie interaksie as basis van taalverwerwing. Die verwantskap tussen die aard van interaksie en die sosiaal¬interaktiewe konteks waarin moeders met 'n lae opvoedingspeil en inkomste hulle plaaslik bevind, is beklemtoon. Hierdie verwantskap voorsien 'n raamwerk waarbinne die waargenome interaksie patrone toepaslik geïnterpreteer kan word. Daar is ook verwys na die problematiek wat die Kleurlinggemeenskap as minderheidsgroep in Suid-Afrika tipeer, ter ondersteuning van die belang van konteks sensitiewe interpretering van data. Die navorsingsmetodiek het, met behulp van drie gevallestudies van moeders met hul pre-verbale kinders, kwalitatiewe beskrywende data jeens moeder-kind kommunikasie interaksie verskaf. 'n Data-insamelingsprotokol is op grond van die literatuur en bestaande evaluasie materiaaI saamgesteI, om agtergrondsinligting van die proefpersone in te win asook insig aangaande moeders se kommunikasie gedrag te ontwikkel. Hierdie inligting is bekom deur middel van onderhoude en video-waamemings van spelinteraksies en versorgingsaktiwiteite, wat op die data-insamelingsprotokoI vasgelê is. Die resultate van hierdie studie het onvoldoende interaksionele vaardighede by proefpersoon moeders aangedui. ' n Gebrek aan responsiewe gedrag op hul babas se vokale gedrag en ongemakseine soweI as beperkte verbale stimulasie, blyk daartoe aanleiding te gee dat voorlopers van taalvaardighede nie genoegsaam by die pre-verbale kinders gefasiliteer word nie. Daar is verder bevind dat moeders se persepsies aangaande vroeë verbale stimulasie, spel en gesamentlike boeklees betreklik eng voorkom, wat waarskynlik verband hou met beperkte kennis weens lae opvoedingspeiI en gebrekkige blootsteIIing aan spraak-taalterapeutiese oudiologiese dienste in hulle gemeenskap. Gevolglik is die bewusmaking en lewering van vroeë kommunikasie intervensie dienste in Eersterus en soortgelyke lae sosio-ekonomiese gemeenskappe noodsaaklik. Die bekendstelling van Kommunikasiepatologie en motivering vir vroeë kommunikasieintervensie behoort ook professionele persone vanuit mediese en opvoedkundige beroepe sowel as beleidsbepalers op distriks en nasionale vlak, in te sluit. Die implikasies voortspruitend was van teoretiese en kliniese aard. Die kliniese implikasies het aanpassings in die struktuur van diensverskaffing, asook inhoud van familiegebaseerde tuisprogramme tydens vroeë kommunikasie intervensie in die gemeenskap, voorgestel. Die verkreë inligting word as waardevol vir vroeë intervensie terapeute betrokke by families van lae sosio-ekonomiese omstandighede, beskou, aangesien spraak-taalterapeutiese en oudiologiese dienslewering, deur die gebruik van sodanige konteks toepaslike data, bevoordeel kan word. Hierbenewens is voorstelIe vir verdere navorsing, om databasisse rondom moeder-kind kommunikasie interaksie in lae sosio-ekonomiese gemeenskappe uit te brei en kommunikasie agterstande te voorkom of te verminder, aan die hand gedoen. English: The aim of this study is to describe the verbal and non-verbal communicative behaviour of mothers with low socioeconomic status towards their nine month-old babies. In order to achieve this aim a literature review, as well as an empirical study, was undertaken. The literature review provides an overview through which mother-infant communication interaction can be viewed as the key element in language acquisition. The relationship between the nature of the interaction and the specific socio-interactive context within which mothers with low levels of income and education find themselves is emphasised. This relationship provides a framework for the appropriate interpretation of observed patterns of interaction. To support contextually sensitive interpretation of data reference is also made to the problems typical to a minority group in South Africa, such as the colored community. Qualitative descriptive data regarding mother-infant communication interaction was obtained through research methodology, by means of three case studies of mothers with their pre-verbal children. In order to collect background information on participants and to develop insight into their communicative behaviour, a data collection protocol was compiled based on a literature review and on existing evaluation material. The information was obtained through interviews and video recordings of play and caregiving interaction based in this data collection protocol. The results of this study indicate that mothers demonstrate insufficient interaction skills. Limited Response to their infants' vocal and discomfort cues as well as limited verbal stimulation of infants appears to contribute to the fact that language skill precursors are not facilitated sufficiently appropriately in these pre-verbal children. Furthermore, it is apparent that mothers' perceptions with regard to early verbal stimulation, play and joint book-reading are fairly limited. These findings may be as a result of insufficient knowledge due to low levels of education as well as limited exposure to speech-language therapy and audiological services in their community. Thus, the development of public awareness and the provision of early communication intervention services in Eersterus and similar low socioeconomic communities are essential. The introduction of Communication Pathology and motivation for early communication intervention has to include medical and educational professionals as well as policy makers on a district and national level. The resulting implications are theoretical and clinical in nature. The clinical implications recommend that adaptations be made to the structure of service delivery, especially regarding the content of family-centred home programmes in this community. The data obtained may be viewed as valuable by early intervention therapists working in families with low socioeconomic status, since a database which is contextually appropriate may benefit speech-language therapy and audiological services. Future research topics are proposed in order to further develop databases on mother-infant communication interaction in low socio-economic communities communities and in order to prevent or reduce communication deficits.Dissertation (MA (Communication Pathology))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology
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Mbanze, Aires Afonso. "Conservation by local people in the Niassa National Reserve: money or in-kind payments to adopt conservation-friendly practices." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/100631.
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The expansion of Protected Areas (PAs) has been considered as the main strategy to contain deforestation and forest degradation in Developing Countries (DCs), and secure most of the vulnerable and endangered species, including the large carnivores and herbivores of African Savannas. Mozambique is one of DC which has also embarked in this expansion of PAs, with a current network of PAs covering 25% of the natural forest. In most of Mozambican PAs, there is also an unprecedented growth of human population, whose livelihoods depends on harvesting natural resources. Illegal or unregulated harvesting of natural resources imposes a huge threat to biodiversity conservation, which needs to be urgently addressed through policies aimed at changing people’s behaviors to conserve biodiversity the country’s PAs.
The Niassa National Reserve (NNR) is the largest PA in the country encompasses 5.3% of all-natural forest and 45% of the overall land under PA in the country. Using the NNR as a case study, we aim to explore policy ways to improve the conservation status of PAs in Mozambique and DCs in general, through identifying and analyzing the role of the drivers for local people engagement in activities that threat biodiversity conservation. We explore possible incentive measures that PA residents may be willing to accept to collaborate with park authorities and other relevant stakeholders operating in the reserve. This main objective was addressed by surveying conservation experts spread through the country and local households in the NNR. As regards the expert survey, Cluster Analysis was applied to identify the different experts’ views about to the main practices that threaten biodiversity conservation in the NNR, the underlining drivers for local people involvement with such practices, the main responsible for each practice and the effectiveness of the new proposed compensation measures. A cluster procedure was also used to identify the different Livelihood and Farming Systems (LFS) prevailing in the reserve, based on data from the household survey. A Multinomial Logistic Model (MLM) was also estimated to understand the drivers of household choice of LFS.
The results showed that outsider conduct most of the illegal activities that strongly threat biodiversity conservation in the reserve (poaching, illegal logging and mining). At the same time, local people tend to engage in illegal activities that they need to carry out to cope with their daily needs. Most of the new in-kind incentives explored in the surveys, showed a greater acceptance from local people compared to those currently applied in the reserve. Moreover, livelihood systems were mainly driven by socio-economic factors, while FS were mostly driven by biophysical conditions. Finally, households who were employed and had diversified farming and off-farming activities, were better off, more resilient to climate change and crop raiding animals and held more conservation friendly attitudes.
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Mercier, Courtenay. ""These kind of flesh-flies shall not suck up or devour their husbands' estates:" married women's separate property rights in England, 1630-1835." Thesis, 2018. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9461.
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During the long eighteenth century, married women in England were subject to the rules of coverture, which denied them a legal identity independent of their husbands and severely curtailed their acquisition, possession and disposition of property. There is a consensus among historians that married women circumvented the restrictions of coverture both in their daily lives and by use of the legal mechanism of the separate estate. This study reviews contemporary legal and social attitudes towards women’s property rights in marriage to examine the extent to which married women had economic agency under coverture. Through a review of reported cases, treatises on the law of property, and a contemporary fictional representation of pin-money, I assess the foundations justifying the law of coverture, and the challenges presented to coverture by the separate estate. I argue that there is a distinction between the theory and practice of the separate estate; the separate estate must be understood as a type of property set aside for a special purpose rather than a type of property separated from a husband’s control. More precisely, the existence of the separate estate generally, and pin-money in particular, did little to advance married women’s economic agency.Graduate
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Bernardes, Inês Santos Rodrigues Franco. "The impact of monetary and in-kind rewards on customer referral programs’ success : examining the moderating role of product type on the relationship between reward type and recipients’ recommendation receptivity, purchase intention and brand valuations." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/35661.
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Customer Referral Programs (CRPs) are a popular tool used by firms to attract new customers with high lifetime value and low churn rate. The present dissertation provides managers with valuable insights into how to develop the optimal CRP for their firm. More specifically, it investigates how the type of reward offered (monetary vs in-kind) influences recipients’ recommendation receptivity (attitudes towards the program and motive attribution), purchase intention and brand valuations (brand affect, brand trust and brand loyalty), as well as the possible moderating role of product type (utilitarian vs hedonic). Findings suggest that in-kind rewards lead to more positive recommendation receptivity, higher purchase intention and brand valuations, compared to monetary rewards. Moreover, product type is a moderator of the relationship between reward type and all dependent variables, except for motive attribution. That is, the positive impact of offering an in-kind reward (vs monetary) on recipients’ attitudes towards the program, purchase intention and brand valuations is stronger when the product promoted is hedonic (vs utilitarian). This paper reveals that, in order to choose the most appropriate reward, managers must consider the type of product promoted through the CRP. Furthermore, results indicate that a well-designed referral program has the power to enhance prospective customers’ brand perceptions.Os programas de referência de clientes (PRCs) são uma ferramenta comummente utilizada pelas empresas com o intuito de atrair novos clientes com elevado valor de vida útil e reduzida taxa de rotação. A presente dissertação oferece aos gestores ensinamentos relevantes sobre como desenvolver o PRC ideal para a sua empresa. Mais especificamente, investiga como o tipo de recompensa (monetária vs em espécie) influencia a recetividade da recomendação (atitudes relativas ao programa e atribuição de motivos), intenção de compra e avaliações da marca (afeto pela marca, confiança na marca, lealdade à marca), assim como o possível papel moderador do tipo de produto (utilitário vs hedónico). Os resultados sugerem que a recetividade da recomendação, a intenção de compra e as avaliações da marca são melhores quando a recompensa oferecida é em género, em vez de monetária. Além disso, o tipo de produto modera a relação entre o tipo de recompensa e todas as variáveis dependentes, exceto a atribuição de motivos. Isto é, o impacto positivo de oferecer uma recompensa em género (vs monetária) nas atitudes relativas ao programa, intenção de compra e avaliações da marca é mais forte quando o tipo de produto promovido é hedónico (vs utilitário). Este documento revela que, de forma a escolher a recompensa mais adequada, os gestores devem ter em conta o tipo de produto promovido pelo PRC. Adicionalmente, os resultados indicam que um programa de referências bem desenhado tem o poder de melhorar a perceção da marca junto dos potenciais clientes.
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Woo, Jane Leung-Ching. "To measure the cost of collaborative partnership for the healthy alberta communities project." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1605.
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The Healthy Alberta Communities (HAC) is a community-based chronic disease prevention project that draws on a wide spectrum of community-initiated interventions undertaken as a cluster in four Alberta communities since 2005. HAC-funded collaborative projects are undertaken with local stakeholders. Community stakeholders who buy in contributed their own resources in kind in the collaborative process. These in kind resources are considered HAC's indirect cost from a societal perspective since stakeholders forgo the benefit of using these resources for themselves, a forgone best alternative. This study proposes a methodology to identify, catalogue and count these in kind resources, called indirect cost, which will be used in HAC economic evaluation. Methodological challenges of identifying, cataloguing and counting both direct anad indirect costs for a cluster of diverse interventions, and the manner with which these challenges were addressed, are explained. Both direct and indirect cost data that span up to the first 24 months in two HAC communities were analyzed. Some results included are: (1)in kind resources are counted in number of in kind person-hours; (2) a combined total of 11,483 in kind person-hours from community stakeholders were catalogued and counted over an eight-month period; (3) in a monetary context, a suggested typical operating expenditure to generate one in kind person-hour using a HAC model (one head office, two community offices) was $15.58. This is the first study to directly measure resources donated in kind in public health.Epidemiology
Books on the topic "In-Kind Economy"
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Sustaining the new economy: Work, family, and community in the information age. New York, N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2000.
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ʻAwaḍ, Maṭarīyah, ed. Cash versus in-kind assistance: Statistical study of a household survey in Palestine. Ramallah: Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute, MAS, 2009.
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Currie, Janet M. Transfers in cash and in kind: Theory meets the data. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.
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Andrea, Cornia Giovanni, Sipos Sándor, and UNICEF, eds. Children and the transition to the market economy: Safety nets and social policies in Central and Eastern Europe. Aldershot, Hants, England: Avebury, 1991.
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Feldman, Lawrence H. Indian payment in kind: The sixteenth-century encomiendas of Guatemala. Culver City, Calif: Labyrinthos, 1992.
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Some kind of paradise: A chronicle of man and the land in Florida. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1998.
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Derr, Mark. Some kind of paradise: A chronicle of man and the land in Florida. New York: W. Morrow, 1989.
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Hughes, A. V. A different kind of voyage.: Development and dependence in the Pacific Islands : a paper. Port-Vila, Vanuatu: ESCAP/POC United Nations ESCAP Pacific Operations Centre, 1997.
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Asian Development Bank. Office of Pacific Operations., ed. A different kind of voyage: Development and dependence in the Pacific Islands. [Manila]: The Office, 1998.
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Nigro, Giampiero, ed. La moda come motore economico: innovazione di processo e prodotto, nuove strategie commerciali, comportamento dei consumatori / Fashion as an economic engine: process and product innovation, commercial strategies, consumer behavior. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-565-3.
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The study of the textile sector has always been central to economic history: from reconstructions of the dynamic growth in the medieval wool industry, to the rise of silk and light and mixed fabrics in the modern era, to the driving role of cotton in the industrialisation process. Although the dynamics of textile manufacturing are closely linked to the transformations of fashion, economic history has long neglected its role as a factor in economic change, treating it primarily as a kind of exogenous catalyst. This book makes a decisive contribution to the understanding of a fundamental transformation, the consequences of which are projected into contemporary society, but which matured in pre-industrial times: the advent of fashion.
Book chapters on the topic "In-Kind Economy"
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Westberg, Johannes. "The In-Kind Economy of Early School Districts." In Funding the Rise of Mass Schooling, 89–130. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40460-8_4.
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Kovacic, Zora, Roger Strand, and Thomas Völker. "What kind of science is needed in a changing world?" In The Circular Economy in Europe, 156–71. New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge explorations in sustainability and governance: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429061028-10.
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Braccini, Alessio Maria, Antonio Marturano, and Alessandro D’Atri. "Digital Natives in a Knowledge Economy: will a New Kind of Leadership Emerge?" In Emerging Themes in Information Systems and Organization Studies, 243–53. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2739-2_19.
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Timmers, Paul. "The Technological Construction of Sovereignty." In Perspectives on Digital Humanism, 213–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86144-5_28.
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AbstractFor policy-makers, it has always been a struggle to do justice to a diversity of perspectives when tackling challenging issues such as market access regulation, public investment in R&D, long-term unemployment, etc. In this struggle, technology, as a force that shapes economy, society, and democracy, at best used to be considered as an exogenous factor and at worst was simply forgotten. Today, however, we live in a different world. Technology is recognized as a major driver. Digital technology is now in the veins, heart, and brains of our society. Yet, the idea that we can put technology to our hand to shape reality, rather than taking technology as a given, has still not been embraced by policy-makers. This chapter argues that we can and should give a stronger steer on technology to construct the kind of reality and in particular the kind of sovereignty we aspire.
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Peters, Michael A., and Tina Besley. "Contesting the Neoliberal Discourse of the World Class University: ‘Digital Socialism’, Openness and Academic Publishing." In Evaluating Education: Normative Systems and Institutional Practices, 235–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7598-3_14.
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AbstractThe principal aim of this paper is to contest the neoliberal discourse of the World Class University (WCU). The first section provides an understanding of the concept of the WCU within the context of a global competitive model of the knowledge economy and contrasts it with the social-democratic model based on open science and education that also provides links between new modes of openness, academic publishing and the world journal architecture. The paper makes the case for ‘knowledge socialism’ that accurately depicts the greater communitarian moment of the sharing and participative academic economy based on peer-to-peer production, social innovation and collective intelligence. It instantiates the notion of knowledge as a global public good. Profound changes in the nature of technology has enabled a kind of ‘digital socialism’ which is clearly evident in the shift in political economy of academic publishing based Open Access, cOAlition S, and ‘Plan S’ (mandated in 2020) established by national research funding organisations in Europe with the support of the European Commission and the European Research Council (ERC). The social democratic alternative to neoliberalism and the WCU is a form of the sharing academic economy known as ‘knowledge socialism’. Universities need to share knowledge in the search for effective responses to pressing world problems of fragile global ecologies and the growing significance of technological unemployment. This is a model that proceeds from a very different set of economic and moral assumptions than the neoliberal knowledge economy and the WCU.
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Braby, Justine, and Reinhold Mangundu. "Toward Transformation to a Well-Being Economy in an African Country: A Case Study from Namibia." In Transformation Literacy, 173–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93254-1_12.
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AbstractIn this chapter presents the results of various approaches used by a group of young Namibians to shift the society toward a well-being economy. They sought to find more appropriate measurements of success, and did this by conducting (a) a survey to measure progress, (b) different dialog processes to understand what a good quality of life actually means to citizens, (c) co-constructing community well-being from the bottom up, (d) communication, networking, and awareness to garner public support, and finally (e) attempting to influence high-level decision-making in government. The authors measured nine domains; of which, state of mind and perceived health were the only domains found to be sufficient. The domains community strength and sense of belonging were the lowest in the high-income area. The domains with the highest levels of dissatisfaction were good governance and political freedom. The process of co-constructing community well-being through a bottom-up approach had varying levels of success and was highly adaptive and flexible. The key findings were that the underlying components of well-being were trust (at all levels), a sense of belonging and healthy relationships, basic needs (home, food, water, sanitation, electricity), quality education (the kind that causes critical and systems thinking and develops creative potential), quality work (that is demanding and rewarding), and good health.
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"Taxation in money and taxation in kind." In Structure and Scale in the Roman Economy, 187–98. Cambridge University Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511552649.014.
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Criscuolo, Lucia. "Observations on the Economy in Kind in Ptolemaic Egypt." In The Economies of Hellenistic Societies, Third to First Centuries BC, 166–76. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199587926.003.0008.
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"Steering of the public sector economy." In In-kind benefits - the service of the public sector, 69–78. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781803925615.00013.
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Campbell, John. "As ‘A Kind of Freeman’?: Slaves’ Market-Related Activities in the South Carolina Upcountry, 1800–1860." In The Slaves’ Economy, 131–69. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315035673-7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "In-Kind Economy"
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Yereli, Ahmet Burçin, and Mustafa Kızıltan. "Public-Private Partnership and Its Importance for Kyrgyzstan Economy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00254.
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Public-Private Partnership (PPP) means to join forces with public and private bodies. The supplementation to this process by public and private organizations and their gains are ab-initio subjected with an agreement. Thereby the government activate the market dynamics in order to supply some public goods without using budget resources. In this paper, the significance of public-private partnership will be emphasized and will discuss which projects are eligible and how will they be realized and what kind of co-operations will take place by PPP projects in Kyrgyzstan.
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SUBIû, Jonel, Biljana GRUJIû, and Svetlana ROLJEVIû NIKOLIû. "ECOLOGICAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION – OPINIONS AND PRACTICES OF PRODUCERS IN SERBIA." In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2019/8/03.
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Vegetable growing is one of the most intensive branches of agriculture, which is characterized by a high level of consumption of inputs, primarily fertilizers and pesticides. However, vegetable production can also be successfully achieved with reduced use of agrochemicals, actually in a more ecologically acceptable way. The aim of this paper was to examine the attitudes of vegetable producers in the area of eight local government units about ecologically acceptable cultivation practices for these crops. For the purpose of the research, one hundred and sixty vegetable producers were surveyed by questionnaire, and the collected data were processed in the SPSS statistical package, using the descriptive statistics method. The results showed that for 66% of farmers the priority in production is controlled and reduced application of agrochemicals in relation to high yield of vegetables, and also even 90% of producers are ready to shift from conventional to the ecologically acceptable production of vegetables, with the condition of certain benefits, meaning greater incentives for that kind of production. On the other side, direct payments and rural development measures are used by about 60% of surveyed, which may indicate that for expanding the concept of ecologically acceptable production, encompassing greater incentives from the national level, it is necessary to improve knowledge of this concept of production, as well as better applying of existing incentives.
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Boychev, Boycho. "APPLICATION OF THE BENCHMARKING APPROACH IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.181.
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Marketing strategy is related to the way a company operates in relation to its competitors. In the short run, its success depends on the financial performance of ongoing activities, while its long-term evaluation and development depend on its ability to adapt to emerging market changes in the agricultural sector. To be effective, the strategy must be organized in a systematic and formal way in a written document that formulates the long-term and short-term goals of the company and the ways to achieve them. Benchmarking is actually a system aimed at finding, evaluating and researching the best examples, regardless of their size, business scope and geographical specifications. Therefore, it can be argued that benchmarking is a special kind of art to discover what others do better than us, as well as to study, master and improve their methods of work. The purpose of benchmarking is to understand and evaluate the current position of a business or organization in relation to best practices and to identify areas and means to improve efficiency.
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Sakız, Burcu, and Ayşen Hiç Gencer. "Blockchain Technology and its Impact on the Global Economy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02258.
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The world’s most valuable resource is no longer oil, but data. Smartphones and the internet have made data abundant, ubiquitous and far more valuable. Modern algorithms can predict when a customer tends to buy, a car needs servicing or a person is at risk of a disease. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence techniques extract more value from data. As individuals accumulate information which transforms into knowledge, entrepreneurs will want to use and/or share that knowledge. It is the sharing of knowledge that needs a decentralized, autonomous mechanism so that knowledge can be shared fairly amongst all peoples of the world, not just within corporations. Blockchain technology gives us that mechanism. Blockchain is one of a kind decentralized technology and it is distributed as well as decentralized ledger. Blockchain is the answer to a lot of obstacles the world has to go through today. Before today, nobody could think of transferring money from one account to another safely without any financial institution in the middle, like a bank. Blockchain technology presents a radical and disruptive new way of conducting all manner of transactions over the Internet. The advent of Bitcoin and the blockchain has brought a lot of change to the world of finance even the world economy was formerly run using fiat currencies. Introducing the blockchain environment will actually enhance the economics because in blockchain, all transactions are recorded right from the manufacturer to the buyer. This paper explores the emerging landscape for blockchain technology focusing on the economics.
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Rabbi, Ehtesam, and Cai Xia Yang. "Fuel Economy, Emission and Life Cycle Costing Generation From Database." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71794.
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The selection process and procurement of right transit bus with fuel and powertrain technology is vital for any cost-effective transit service. There are cities in which conventional diesel fueled bus is used for transit service. It is not always viable to replace the whole or part of the fleet with a vehicle with a different powertrain. Every city are unique in its road type, road grade, service routes, meteorological aspects and traffic population. Since, each of the powertrain technology offers a different combination of advantages and disadvantages, we need to study and analysis each drivetrain technology to find out the best match for our city. There is a variation in transit bus types that are suitable for distinct types of cities, services, and operations. Fuel consumption is directly related to the bus size, engine technology and powertrain. Evaluating fuel consumption correctly, predicting detailed emission for the greenhouse gases and analyzing life cycle costing could be a daunting task and often needs expensive on-board equipment and intricate simulation testing. Lacking this kind of amenities makes it impossible for transit service on a county scale and project level research. In this study, a local database of transit service generated from the well documented database to provide a detailed analysis of fuel consumption, emission and life cycle costing. The integral part of evaluating fuel consumption accurately is to compare test data over a relevant drive cycle. This research also discusses drive cycle and how to select from standard drive cycle for urban city transit network.
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Günay, Nergin. "Economic Science Considering with a Thermodynamic Perspective of a Physicist's Point of View." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01559.
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Economy is a discipline by means of its structure which closely interests all humanities live non-stop whether they are directly related or not which in a relationship with mathematic as calculations, psychology as searching investor behaviors, sociology as searching social events, philosophy as structural reviews of the created environment and many kind of disciplines more.
In this study based on a survey of the relevant literature, the common features of economy with physics is a supporter in the recent years are revealed. Concept passed into world literature as Econophysics or alias Econphysics is defined. Econophysics is a study field tries to find solutions to economic problem by using physical methods. The main tool is used by the econophysics are statistical and probability methods are taken from statistical physics frequently.
Information related to implementation of the laws of thermodynamics which is the branch dealing with the energy and physical energy exchange economic problems are given. The laws of thermodynamics have a very general validity and they do not change depending on the characteristics of the studied system. In this regard, how thermodynamic physics are applied into economics practices are given in detail.
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Marşap, Akın, Müslüme Narin, and Irfan Özcan. "New Shared Strategic Approaches for Balanced Energy Management in Eurasian Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00218.
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Energy can play a kind of major role for improving life quality and providing sustainable developments is one of the basic inputs of economic and social progress all of the Eurasian countries. It is necessary for improving of the Eurasia countries to providing continuous clean energy, requires to create a suitable market atmosphere. Energy demand is increasing by quick growing up and increase of population of global economy. Most of the increased of energy demand is going to provide by using fossil fuels that are coal, petroleum and like a natural gas. At the end of using these types of fuels creating greenhouse gas emissions that is creating climate changes so it is a major reason of ecological environmental and climate changes is effecting life securities in all areas. With this threat of global warming becoming increasingly urgent, to provide economic development and expectation in healthy environment for future life quality is bringing usage of clean energy resources in front plan. It is a kind of requirement for providing clean energy we need to transforming a unique understanding of using energy resources most economically and effectively. We need to guidance on how to achieve a clean and competitive energy future usage management in renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources-such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat-which are renewable for Eurasia countries. In this study, we are evaluating of energy management and alternative and renewable clean energy source management for common strategic approaches for Eurasian countries.
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Arsova, Monika, and Riste Temjanovski. "Entrepreneurial education in emerging countries: how to keep abreast with global competitive needs." In 9th International Scientific Conference Technics and Informatics in Education. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/tie22.358a.
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Entrepreneurship is considered to be the driving force and generator of economic and social development worldwide. Entrepreneurship is a kind of expression of creativity and innovation while Entrepreneurs are the lifeblood of any economy. So entrepreneurial skills are moving the world today, creating new jobs, more humane social progress and economic growth. But what the entrepreneurial developed world has been analyzing, promoting and applying for more than 300 years, the emerging countries have been developing and institutionalizing for barely 30 years. To overcome such a time and institutional gap, universities must keep abreast of business and entrepreneurial needs and be forced to use their entire intellectual and academic “arsenal” of instruments to help young people with innovative knowledge and practice to “instill” the entrepreneurial mindset. Otherwise, a mass exodus of highly skilled individuals arguably will weaken local knowledge networks and will reduce social welfare (hence, brain drain or white plague). This paper aims to explore the real possibilities and practices in reformed entrepreneurship education in emerging countries to meet the global competitive needs.
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Abuselidze, George, Irma Chkhaidze, and Nanuli Makharadze. "Empirical analysis of agricultural development financing and the ways to improve agribusiness management." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.026.
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Uncertain future under the conditions of COVID-19 has changed population`s behaviour, views, daily rhythm without coercion in real practice. Global world suddenly found himself in the midst of an economic recession. All branches of sectoral structure of economy have actually become a hostage of the healthcare. It`s begun not only the strengthen of population`s interests on the development of the domestic economy, but it`s begun the reverse migration of the village immigrated population from town to the village too. In such conditions, the introduction of integrated management practice of agribusiness plays a great role in the country, which should ensure the effectiveness of the natural resources management. In the article, it`s been reviewed one of the priority branch in the sectoral structure of Georgian economy - problems and perspectives of rural and agricultural development, the effectiveness of sector funding has been assessed. In particular, what kind of influence international and state projects, funded in agro-sphere, have on rural development, raising the level of welfare, growth the volume of products, produced in agriculture and at the development level of the national economy of the country. The goal of the research is to learn, analyse and evaluate the effectiveness of the state programs, funded and implemented for the development of agribusiness, features of project management. According to economic and statistical analysis and synthesis methods of the research, it`s been determined how was able the projects, funded for the development of rural entrepreneurship to develop the sector, also how personal and public welfare was created by them. The results of the research have revealed the influence of COVID-19 on the development of family farming and new strategies for the development of agribusiness have been set. In the near future, this process can be used as a basis of maximum utilization and use the agricultural potential.
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Yuan, Weiquan, Zhao Chen, Kangli Shi, Chang Su, Jinghua Tang, Dawei Cui, and Chengjie Duan. "The Research of the Customer Needs of a Type of Innovative Lead-Bismuth Fast Reactor Base on the TRIZ Method." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92077.
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Abstract Lead-bismuth fast reactor is one of the six generation IV reactors proposed by GIF. It is a kind of innovative reactor which has higher safety performance and economy. This kind of reactor can be used for producing electricity, producing heat for industry and other applications. Extracting the oil under the ground is one of them because the high quality steam produced by the reactor facilitates the extraction of oil. Considering that its situation of application is strongly different from the normal reactors which produce electricity and which are built for a long time, the customer needs of this kind of reactor should be well researched before its design. The TRIZ is a kind of systematic analysis method for innovation. It is a series of tools directs the inventor to invent in an optimal way. In TRIZ tools, there are some methods for recognizing customer needs. Main Parameter of Value (MPV) is one of them. Main Parameter of Value is a description of the parameter(s) that contribute most to Customer Value. MPVs are the most important parameters that should be considered in the design. This article formulates MPV analysis method and applies the MPV analysis on finding the main parameters for the design of the lead-bismuth fast reactor for oil. With this method, the most importance parameters of reactor are determined and ranked. This work can provide the experience of MPV analysis on the reactor design.
Reports on the topic "In-Kind Economy"
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Taşdemir, Murat, Ethem Hakan Ergeç, Hüseyin Kaya, and Özer Selçuk. ECONOMY IN THE TURKEY OF THE FUTURE. İLKE İlim Kültür Eğitim Vakfı, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26414/gt010.
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Fundamental transformations await the world’s economies in the upcoming 20 years. For Turkey to be able to achieve its desired level of prosperity, current structural problems must be solved and preemptive policies must be developed regarding global developments. For Turkey to attain prosperous and virtuous society of the future, Turkey needs a sustainable, long-term, fast-growing economy based on social justice. The Economy in the Turkey of the Future report provides a holistic vision for achieving the infrastructure of the prosperous and virtuous society of the future. The report meticulously analyzes Turkey’s contemporary economy in the light of data and presents the necessary fields to focus on for the future and which kinds of policy ought to be handled with what kind of a perspective in accordance with the advantages and disadvantages. The report touches upon three global trends and their potential impact on national economies and Turkey. It then addresses social justice, sustainability, in the context of long-term economic growth, demographic dynamics and the workforce, Islamic finance, international trade, and sectors deemed strategic. The report focuses on the structural properties that determine the long-term economy rather than short-term economic fluctuations. Many of Turkey’s short-term problems arise from the lack of long-term policies. To this end, the report’s most important emphasis is on the need for long-term policies.
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Bergsen, Pepijn, Leah Downey, Max Krahé, Hans Kundnani, Manuela Moschella, and Quinn Slobodian. The economic basis of democracy in Europe: structural economic change, inequality and the depoliticization of economic policymaking. Royal Institute of International Affairs, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135362.
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- To understand contemporary challenges to European democracy, it is crucial to look beyond the surface of politics and consider the deeper relationship between democracy and the economy. Instead of focusing exclusively on the rise of ‘populism’, it is necessary to acknowledge the multiplicity of threats to European democracy, in particular those arising from the structure of European economies and economic policymaking. - Understanding these weaknesses in the functioning of European democracies is crucial to an effective approach to future economic transformations, in particular the green transition, but also for dealing effectively and equitably with challenges such as higher inflation. It is important that the relevant policy changes and responses are democratically legitimate and do not foster the kind of political backlash that previous economic transformations did. - Over the past 40 years, economic inequality – ranging from income inequality to discrepancies in wealth and economic security – has widened throughout developed economies. In turn, these developments have generated increasing political inequality, as economic policymaking has served the interests of the well-off. - Democratic systems have also been made less responsive to electorates through the ‘depoliticization’ of policymaking, in particular economic policy, as a result of its insulation from national-level democratic scrutiny. The expansion of technocratic modes of governance – notably through independent central banks and EU-level institutions – has in many cases entrenched the policy preferences of specific groups in institutions removed from direct democratic control. - As this depoliticization has to a large extent made democratic contestation over economic policy redundant, politics has increasingly been polarized around ‘cultural’ questions. But such a focus on culture is unlikely to address the inequalities behind the dysfunction of democracies in Europe. - Strengthening European democracy requires a ‘repoliticization’ of economic policymaking, including both fiscal and monetary policymaking. In the specific context of the EU, this would mean opening up more policy space for national decision-makers and parliaments – in particular by giving them a more influential role in fiscal policy, and by making monetary policy more democratic.
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Carrera-Marquis, Daniela, Marisela Canache, and Franklin Espiga. Open configuration options Hurricane Dorian “AT-A-GLANCE” Assessment of the Effects and Impacts DALA Visualization. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004056.
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fter hurricane Dorian and the provision of initial emergency services, the government of The Bahamas asked the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) to assess the resulting damage, losses and additional costs. The IDB requested the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) for technical assistance with the assessment. The report, Assessment of the Effects and Impacts of HURRICANE DORIAN in THE BAHAMAS, published in August 2020 presents the results in detail (1). It also brings recommendations to guide a resilient reconstruction process that can reduce vulnerabilities and risks for the population and for every sector of the economy. Since 2015, it is the fourth assessment in this kind conducted by IDB and ECLAC in The Bahamas. The Bahamas Country Office Preparedness Recovery and Reconstruction Team (P2RCT) has prepared a visual summary of the Assessment of the Effects and Impacts of HURRICANE DORIAN in THE BAHAMAS. This brief will facilitate the dissemination and awareness of key information related to The Bahamas vulnerability to the effects of natural disasters, as well as emphasize the need to strengthen efforts in policy management and disaster risk management (DRM) to achieve greater levels of resilience and risk mitigation. The HURRICANE DORIAN “AT-A-AGLANCE” Assessment of the Effects and Impacts DALA Visualization document, collects economic data and the most relevant aspects of the work carried out during the field sessions, with IDB and ECLAC experts analysis and recommendations.
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Sriraj, P. S., Bo Zou, Lise Dirks, Nahid Parvez Farazi, Elliott Lewis, and Jean Paul Manzanarez. Maritime Freight Data Collection Systems and Database to Support Performance Measures and Market Analyses. Illinois Center for Transportation, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-021.
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The Illinois Marine Transportation System (IMTS) is a key component of the nation’s inland waterway system. IMTS is comprised of 27 locks and dams, 19 port districts, more than 350 active terminals, and 1,118 miles of navigable inland waterways traversing along the borderline or within the state of Illinois. However, the infrastructure of IMTS is aging and its conditions are deteriorating. To monitor the performance of IMTS and guide infrastructure investment to enhance safety, efficiency, and reliability of the system, a comprehensive performance measurement program is needed. To this end, the objective of this project is to create an integrated, comprehensive, and maintainable database that facilitates performance measurement of maritime freight to, from, and through Illinois. To achieve this objective, a review of the literature on maritime freight transportation both in the United States and abroad was performed. To gauge practitioners’ points of view, a series of phone interviews and online surveys of Illinois’ neighboring state DOT officials, officials from the US Army Corps of Engineers, Illinois port district authorities, and carriers operating in Illinois was also conducted. With the findings from the literature review and an understanding of state DOT practices, the needed and available data sources for a maritime freight performance measurement program were identified. Building on all the above efforts, a first-of-its-kind PM database for IMTS was designed and developed, along with a detailed user manual, ready for IDOT’s immediate use and future updates. In addition, opportunities for IDOT to use the database to conduct analysis are discussed. Key programmatic recommendations that outline the role of IDOT as a champion and as a facilitator are further included. The outcome of this project will help IDOT gain much-needed knowledge of and develop programs to improve IMTS performance, increase multimodal transportation network capacity, and expand the transportation and logistics sector of the state, which ultimately benefit the people and economy of Illinois.
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Boruchowicz, Cynthia, Florencia López Bóo, Benjamin Roseth, and Luis Tejerina. Default Options: A Powerful Behavioral Tool to Increase COVID-19 Contact Tracing App Acceptance in Latin America? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002983.
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Being able to follow the chain of contagion of COVID-19 is important to help save lives and control the epidemic without sustained costly lockdowns. This is especially relevant in Latin America, where economic contractions have already been the largest in the regions history. Given the high rates of transmission of COVID-19, relying only in manual contact tracing might be infeasible. Acceptability and uptake of contact tracing apps with exposure notifications is key for the implementation the “test, trace and treat” triad. In the first study of its kind in Latin America, we find that for a nationally representative sample of 10 countries, an opt-out regime with automatic installation significantly increases the probability of acceptance of such apps in almost 22 p.p. compared to an opt-in regime with voluntary installation. This triples the size and is of opposite sign of the effect found in Europe and the United States. We see that an opt-out regime is more effective in increasing acceptability in South America compared to Central America and Mexico; for those who claim not to trust the national government; and for those who do not use their smartphones for financial transactions. The severity of the pandemic at the place of residence does not seem to affect the effectiveness of the opt-out regime versus an opt-in one, but feeling personally at risk does increase the willingness to accept contact tracing apps with exposure notifications in general. These results can shed light on the use of default options in public health in the context of a pandemic in Latin America.
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Chandrasekhar, C. P. The Long Search for Stability: Financial Cooperation to Address Global Risks in the East Asian Region. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp153.
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Forced by the 1997 Southeast Asian crisis to recognize the external vulnerabilities that openness to volatile capital flows result in and upset over the post-crisis policy responses imposed by the IMF, countries in the sub-region saw the need for a regional financial safety net that can pre-empt or mitigate future crises. At the outset, the aim of the initiative, then led by Japan, was to create a facility or design a mechanism that was independent of the United States and the IMF, since the former was less concerned with vulnerabilities in Asia than it was in Latin America and that the latter’s recommendations proved damaging for countries in the region. But US opposition and inherited geopolitical tensions in the region blocked Japan’s initial proposal to establish an Asian Monetary Fund, a kind of regional IMF. As an alternative, the ASEAN+3 grouping (ASEAN members plus China, Japan and South Korea) opted for more flexible arrangements, at the core of which was a network of multilateral and bilateral central bank swap agreements. While central bank swap agreements have played a role in crisis management, the effort to make them the central instruments of a cooperatively established regional safety net, the Chiang Mai Initiative, failed. During the crises of 2008 and 2020 countries covered by the Initiative chose not to rely on the facility, preferring to turn to multilateral institutions such as the ADB, World Bank and IMF or enter into bilateral agreements within and outside the region for assistance. The fundamental problem was that because of an effort to appease the US and the IMF and the use of the IMF as a foil against the dominance of a regional power like Japan, the regional arrangement was not a real alternative to traditional sources of balance of payments support. In particular, access to significant financial assistance under the arrangement required a country to be supported first by an IMF program and be subject to the IMF’s conditions and surveillance. The failure of the multilateral effort meant that a specifically Asian safety net independent of the US and the IMF had to be one constructed by a regional power involving support for a network of bilateral agreements. Japan was the first regional power to seek to build such a network through it post-1997 Miyazawa Initiative. But its own complex relationship with the US meant that its intervention could not be sustained, more so because of the crisis that engulfed Japan in 1990. But the prospect of regional independence in crisis resolution has revived with the rise of China as a regional and global power. This time both economics and China’s independence from the US seem to improve prospects of successful regional cooperation to address financial vulnerability. A history of tensions between China and its neighbours and the fear of Chinese dominance may yet lead to one more failure. But, as of now, the Belt and Road Initiative, China’s support for a large number of bilateral swap arrangements and its participation in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership seem to suggest that Asian countries may finally come into their own.
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Kimhi, Ayal, Barry Goodwin, Ashok Mishra, Avner Ahituv, and Yoav Kislev. The dynamics of off-farm employment, farm size, and farm structure. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695877.bard.
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Objectives: (1) Preparing panel data sets for both the United States and Israel that contain a rich set of farm attributes, such as size, specialization, and output composition, and farmers’ characteristics such as off-farm employment status, education, and family composition. (2) Developing an empirical framework for the joint analysis of all the endogenous variables of interest in a dynamic setting. (3) Estimating simultaneous equations of the endogenous variables using the panel data sets from both countries. (4) Analyzing, using the empirical results, the possible effects of economic policies and institutional changes on the dynamics of the farm sector. An added objective is analyzing structural changes in farm sectors in additional countries. Background: Farm sectors in developed countries, including the U.S. and Israel, have experienced a sharp decline in their size and importance during the second half of the 20th century. The overall trend is towards fewer and larger farms that rely less on family labor. These structural changes have been a reaction to changes in technology, in government policies, and in market conditions: decreasing terms of trade, increasing alternative opportunities, and urbanization pressures. As these factors continue to change, so does the structure of the agricultural sector. Conclusions: We have shown that all major dimensions of structural changes in agriculture are closely interlinked. These include farm efficiency, farm scale, farm scope (diversification), and off-farm labor. We have also shown that these conclusions hold and perhaps even become stronger whenever dynamic aspects of structural adjustments are explicitly modeled using longitudinal data. While the results vary somewhat in the different applications, several common features are observed for both the U.S. and Israel. First, the trend towards the concentration of farm production in a smaller number of larger farm enterprises is likely to continue. Second, at the micro level, increased farm size is negatively associated with increased off-farm labor, with the causality going both ways. Third, the increase in farm size is mostly achieved by diversifying farm production into additional activities (crops or livestock). All these imply that the farm sector converges towards a bi-modal farm distribution, with some farms becoming commercial while the remaining farm households either exit farming altogether or continue producing but rely heavily on off-farm income. Implications: The primary scientific implication of this project is that one should not analyze a specific farm attribute in isolation. We have shown that controlling for the joint determination of the various farm and household attributes is crucial for obtaining meaningful empirical results. The policy implications are to some extent general but could be different in the two countries. The general implication is that farm policy is an important determinant of structural changes in the farm sector. For the U.S., we have shown the different effects of coupled and decoupled (direct) farm payments on the various farm attributes, and also shown that it is important to take into account the joint farm-household decisions in order to conduct a meaningful policy analysis. Only this kind of analysis explains the indirect effect of direct farm payments on farm production decisions. For Israel, we concluded that farm policy (or lack of farm policy) has contributed to the fast structural changes we observed over the last 25 years. The sharp change of direction in farm policy that started in the early 1980s has accelerated structural changes that could have been smoother otherwise. These accelerated structural changes most likely lead to welfare losses in rural areas.
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Venäläinen, Ari, Sanna Luhtala, Mikko Laapas, Otto Hyvärinen, Hilppa Gregow, Mikko Strahlendorff, Mikko Peltoniemi, et al. Sää- ja ilmastotiedot sekä uudet palvelut auttavat metsäbiotaloutta sopeutumaan ilmastonmuutokseen. Finnish Meteorological Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361317.
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Climate change will increase weather induced risks to forests, and thus effective adaptation measures are needed. In Säätyö project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, we have summarized the data that facilitate adaptation measures, developed weather and climate services that benefit forestry, and mapped what kind of new weather and climate services are needed in forestry. In addition, we have recorded key further development needs to promote adaptation. The Säätyö project developed a service product describing the harvesting conditions of trees based on the soil moisture assessment. The output includes an analysis of the current situation and a 10-day forecast. In the project we also tested the usefulness of long forecasts beyond three months. The weather forecasting service is sidelined and supplemented by another co-operation project between the Finnish Meteorological Institute and Metsäteho called HarvesterSeasons (https://harvesterseasons.com/). The HarvesterSeasons service utilizes long-term forecasts of up to 6 months to assess terrain bearing conditions. A test version of a wind damage risk tool was developed in cooperation with the Department of Forest Sciences of the University of Eastern Finland and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. It can be used to calculate the wind speeds required in a forest area for wind damage (falling trees). It is currently only suitable for researcher use. In the Säätyö project the possibility of locating the most severe wind damage areas immediately after a storm was also tested. The method is based on the spatial interpolation of wind observations. The method was used to analyze storms that caused forest damages in the summer and fall of 2020. The produced maps were considered illustrative and useful to those responsible for compiling the situational picture. The accumulation of snow on tree branches, can be modeled using weather data such as rainfall, temperature, air humidity, and wind speed. In the Säätyö project, the snow damage risk assessment model was further developed in such a way that, in addition to the accumulated snow load amount, the characteristics of the stand and the variations in terrain height were also taken into account. According to the verification performed, the importance of abiotic factors increased under extreme snow load conditions (winter 2017-2018). In ordinary winters, the importance of biotic factors was emphasized. According to the comparison, the actual snow damage could be explained well with the tested model. In the interviews and workshop, the uses of information products, their benefits, the conditions for their introduction and development opportunities were mapped. According to the results, diverse uses and benefits of information products and services were seen. Information products would make it possible to develop proactive forest management, which would reduce the economic costs caused by wind and snow damages. A more up-to-date understanding of harvesting conditions, enabled by information products, would enhance the implementation of harvesting and harvesting operations and the management of timber stocks, as well as reduce terrain, trunk and root damage. According to the study, the introduction of information is particularly affected by the availability of timeliness. Although the interviewees were not currently willing to pay for the information products developed in the project, the interviews highlighted several suggestions for the development of information products, which could make it possible to commercialize them.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.
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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.
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SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF SINGLE-LAYER SPHERICAL RETICULATED SHELLS CONSIDERING JOINT STIFFNESS AND BEARING CAPACITY. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.2.9.
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Fabricated joints are gradually applied in architectural structures because of their advantages of good economy, high installation quality and efficiency. However, the mechanical properties of this kind of joint are semi-rigid differing from traditional rigid and hinged joints. Therefore, the performance of the structures with such joints is not clear, which greatly limits the wide application of fabricated joints. This paper presents the investigation on the seismic performance of the semi-rigid single-layer reticulated shell structure (SRSS) under earthquake load by numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. A finite element model (FEM) of the semi-rigid reticulated shell was established. The influence of joint stiffness on the seismic performance of semi-rigid SRSS was obtained by taking both initial defects and material damage accumulation into account. The two design parameters, limit stiffness ratio and limit yield moment of the joints, were proposed for the semi-rigid reticulated shells. The influence of the roof span, roof weight and member section on the two design parameters was obtained and the calculation formula was established. The seismic force coefficient for the semi-rigid SRSS was obtained, which can provide support for the seismic design of semi-rigid SRSS.