Journal articles: 'Impulses formation level'

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Korobeinikov, A. V., and V. S. Osipov. "About binary codes with low mean sidelobe level." Issues of radio electronics, no. 10 (October 31, 2019): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2019-10-52-55.

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It has been revealed, that useful properties of codes with low mean sidelobe level of autocorrelation function are manifested when the impulses pack is jointly processed in the form of low relative level sidelobes of cumulative autocorrelation function. The use of codes with low mean sidelobe level potentially allows to provide the lowest sidelobe level of cumulative autocorrelation function in case of non-coherent accumulation, as well as to ensure a low sidelobe level in case of coherent accumulation. Criteria of search of codes with low mean sidelobe level lasting from 10 to 26 elements by method of exhaustive search, way of the formation of packs from them the probing impulses, the reached sidelobes levels of cumulative autocorrelation function and comparison with M-sequences at a non-coherent and coherent ways of accumulation are given in work.

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Neimark, M. I., and Sayat Z. Tanatarov. "Influence of anesthesia methods on the immune system of patients with oncological diseases of the abdominal organs." Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management 14, no. 4 (December 8, 2020): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1993-6508-2020-14-4-185-192.

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Modern anesthesia, based on the use of halogenated hydrocarbons, nitrogen monoxide, or xenon, cannot fully ensure the interruption of nociceptive impulses at the level of the stem and spinal and subcortical formations, which caused vegetative and metabolic signs related to pain. To prevent the negative effects of pain, additional methods are used, including intraoperative analgesia and regional blockades. This study was conducted to assess the effects of various types of anesthesia, including epidural blockade, on the parameters of the immune system in patients with cancer. A total of 438 patients with malignant neoplasms of the abdominal organs were examined. In these patients, levels of cytokines (such as tumor necrosis-alpha and interleukin-6) and T-lymphocytes of various clusters of differentiation in the blood were measured. Impaired cytokine balance in patients with oncological diseases of the abdominal cavity was accompanied by the formation of suppression of cellular immunity in the postoperative period. Measurements revealed immunosuppression that was largely dependent on the type of anesthesia used. Cellular parameters with the greatest relationship with immunity were preserved during combined anesthesia, including epidural blockade.

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Nurani, Indah Asikin. "PAMERAN MUSEUM SEBAGAI MEDIA KOMUNIKASI: KAJIAN BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI MODEL KAPLAN." Berkala Arkeologi 29, no. 2 (November 30, 2009): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v29i2.382.

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Exhibition at the museum is one of the communications media that can be used to present level of civilization and culture of a nation based on cultural materials on display. The essence of communication is the perception that is how visitors are able to accurately perceive the information presented in museum exhibits. Visitor perceptions of accuracy of the information depends on how curator described the encoding within the exhibitions. Formation of a person's perception of the stimulus preceded the arrest sensing nerves, then there's perception of the object, and finally the brain sends impulses through the motor nerve action. Arc sensingperception- reaction in psychology called the reflex arc. This paper describes how far the level of accuracy for the management of visitor perceptions of the exhibition at the Museum Sonobudoyo based on Kaplan's model of four variables namely coherent, easily understood, complexity, and mystery. The data was collected through questionnaires to 65 respondents.

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Otsmann, Mikk, Villu Astok, and Ülo Suursaar. "A Model for Water Exchange Between the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Riga." Hydrology Research 28, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1997): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1998.31.

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A model for water exchange of a basin connected to the open sea by two channels has been worked out. The model is applied on the Gulf of Riga, where the water exchange processes versus strong landbased inflow of nutrients are the most important factors in formation of the trophic status of the Gulf. The model's response both to stationary external conditions and nonstationary impulses (changes in the sea level, wind and riverine inflow) is analysed and possibilities for matter exchange calculations are discussed. It appeared that the water exchange depends strongly on the configuration and position of the straits. The water exchange in such a two-channel system is considerably different (and stronger) than in the case of a one-channel version. The main external force for the Gulf appeared to be the wind.

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Bielefeld, Eric C. "Reduction in Impulse Noise-Induced Permanent Threshold Shift with Intracochlear Application of an NADPH Oxidase Inhibitor." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 24, no. 06 (June 2013): 461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.24.6.3.

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Background: Toxic levels of reactive oxygen species are key contributors to the lesion of dead outer hair cells (OHCs) seen in the cochlea after noise exposure. The current study follows previous work in which paraquat was used to demonstrate that NADPH oxidase is active in the cochlea and can contribute to cochlear reactive oxygen species formation and hair cell loss. Purpose: The current study was undertaken to test whether pharmacological blockade of NADPH oxidase in the cochlea would lead to reduced noise-induced hearing loss and OHC death. Study Sample: A total of 18 chinchillas (36 ears) were assessed in the study. Intervention: AEBSF (4-[2-aminoethyl]benzenesulfonyl fluoride), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase activation, was dissolved in distilled water and delivered into the cochlea via diffusion across the round window membrane. The contralateral ears received distilled water as a vehicle control. Following treatment, chinchillas were exposed to one of two noises: a 4 kHz octave band noise at 106 dB SPL for 6 hr or an impulse noise that consisted of 75 pairs of 155 dB pSPL impulses. Data Collection and Analysis: Pre– and post–noise exposure, thresholds of the auditory brainstem response at 2–8 kHz were measured. Postmortem OHC counts were conducted at the conclusion of the study. Two- and three-factor ANOVAs were used for statistical analysis of the OHC losses and ABR threshold shifts induced by the noise exposures. Results: Permanent threshold shift from the impulse noise was reduced in the ears treated with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, but no differences were found in the groups exposed to the continuous noise. OHC losses were not statistically different between the treated and untreated ears for either noise exposure. Conclusions: The results suggest that NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide has a role in cochlear damage from impulse noise, and pharmacologic inhibition of NADPH oxidase can reduce cochlear susceptibility to noise damage. The lack of protection from the longer-duration continuous noise can be attributed to a number of possibilities related to dose level and delivery schedule.

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Prasad, Shalini, Mo Yang, Xuan Zhang, Cengiz S. Ozkan, and Mihrimah Ozkan. "Patterned Live Neural Networks by Induced Electrical Fields for Bio-Sensing." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 8, no. 2 (April 2003): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535-04-00262-x.

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It is estimated that about 18 million people worldwide suffer from dementia and it is projected to increase to about 35 million by the year 2025. All types of dementia occur due to an aberration in memory retention and development, caused by malfunctioning neurons. Experimental investigation of the dynamics of biological networks is a fundamental step towards understanding how the nervous system works. Activity-dependant modification of synaptic strength is widely recognized as cellular basis of learning, memory and developmental plasticity. Understanding memory formation and development, thus translates to changes in the electrical activity of the neurons. It is not possible to achieve this understanding at a cellular level by in vivo studies. To map the changes in the electrical activity it is essential to conduct in-vitro studies on individual neurons. Hence there is an enormous need to develop novel ways for assembly of highly controlled neuronal networks. To this end, we used a 5 × 5 multiple microelectrode array system to spatially arrange neurons, by combination of applied DC and AC fields We characterized electric field distribution inside our test platform by using two dimensional finite element modeling (FEM). As the first stage in the formation of a neural network dielectrophoretic AC fields were used to position the neurons over the electrodes. We used DC electric field to control axon growth direction within the network. Applied electric field direction is found to be an important parameter for axon growth. Electrical impulses were recorded from the individual neurons in the network during positioning and network formation.

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Mirokhina, A. A. "Scientific support for the innovative development of the economic space of rural territories as an area of natural functioning of the agro-industrial complex elements." E3S Web of Conferences 282 (2021): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128207002.

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The article summarizes the results of the analysis of the causes of fragmentation, dissociation, and polarization of the economic space of rural territories, primarily the southern regions of Russia, which are the leading agricultural and industrial regions of the country (Rostov region, Krasnodar Krai and Stavropol Krai), determines the impact of infrastructure deficits, conventionality of farming for the outflow of economically active population to areas with a higher level of competitive advantages, determines the need to align the development of rural territories, primarily through the formation and development of poles of economic growth of the “second order”, which should serve as intermediate links for leveling the discreteness of economic space of agricultural and industrial regions. The author considers a set of innovative measures that contribute to the generation of impulses for the development of rural territory economy and transformation of their economic space towards depolarization and the elimination of “dissociation”, which is the key to increase the economic potential of the agro-industrial complex (its resource, agricultural and raw material, processing and production components), increase of its functioning efficiency, which is especially important for the agricultural and industrial regions of Russian South.

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Kohnová, Lucia, and Ján Papula. "Formation of human capital in the digital era: gender specifics." International Conference on Gender Research 5, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): pp105–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/icgr.5.1.184.

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Under the influence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the skills need of current and future employees are also changing. In an environment where people work with machines and digital technologies, it is essential to develop the organization's new skills and competencies in order to remain competitive. Terms such as eskills, digital skills, or technological skills are often used in the context of human capital formation, and become an important part of it for organizations in the digital technology environment. The European Commission, which evaluates the DESI index every year, includes a human capital dimension, where according to the digital skills ranking, many European countries do not even reach 50 points out of 100. From the perspective of companies, jobs require a certain type of technical and digital skills. Gender research points to a significant gap between men and women in the field of IT, as well as in the current level of skills. However, the theory lacks more insight into gender specifics in a generation that will only come to the labour market in the coming period. In our original research, we decided to examine a selected generation Z, young people who are in their final years of high school and are considering the future direction of their education and potential career. This generation, unlike the previous ones, is specific in that it has grown up in many new technologies and encountered them in recent years. The aim of the research was therefore to examine gender differences in generation Z in terms of the perception of different types of skills as an important part of the human capital formation for future. And further take a deeper look at their behaviour in terms of education and career decision-making impulses. The research was conducted on 755 students in Slovakia and Czech Republic and pointed to a significant difference in the perception of the importance of technological and ICT skills between men and women, as well as their external influence on decision-making. The results of the unique research provide basis for the possibilities of setting up education and development of young women in the topic of digital skills, through which it would be possible to reduce this significant gap between men and women in the researched area.

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Morozov, Viacheslav, and Sergei Iarkov. "Formation of the Traffic Flow Rate under the Influence of Traffic Flow Concentration in Time at Controlled Intersections in Tyumen, Russian Federation." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 8324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158324.

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Present experience shows that it is impossible to solve the problem of traffic congestion without intelligent transport systems. Traffic management in many cities uses the data of detectors installed at controlled intersections. Further, to assess the traffic situation, the data on the traffic flow rate and its concentration are compared. Latest scientific studies propose a transition from spatial to temporal concentration. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to establish the regularities of the influence of traffic flow concentration in time on traffic flow rate at controlled city intersections. The methodological basis of this study was a systemic approach. Theoretical and experimental studies were based on the existing provisions of system analysis, traffic flow theory, experiment planning, impulses, probabilities, and mathematical statistics. Experimental data were obtained and processed using modern equipment and software: Traficam video detectors, SPECTR traffic light controller, Traficam Data Tool, SPECTR 2.0, AutoCad 2017, and STATISTICA 10. In the course of this study, the authors analyzed the dynamics of changes in the level of motorization, the structure of the motor vehicle fleet, and the dynamics of changes in the number of controlled intersections. As a result of theoretical studies, a hypothesis was put forward that the investigated process is described by a two-factor quadratic multiplicative model. Experimental studies determined the parameters of the developed model depending on the directions of traffic flow, and confirmed its adequacy according to Fisher’s criterion with a probability of at least 0.9. The results obtained can be used to control traffic flows at controlled city intersections.

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TKACHENKO, ALLA, and ELEONORA KOLESNIK. "INVESTMENT ON ESG-PRINCIPLES AS A DETERMINING FACTOR OF INFLUENCE ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISES." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 296, no. 4 (June 2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-296-4-10.

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The article states that the traditional model of economic growth of metallurgy due to the export of energy-intensive products no longer works, new impulses and effective tools are needed to transform the current model of economic growth to the latest model – the model of low-carbon production. Emphasis is placed on the importance of ESG-investment in the process of transformation to a low-carbon economy and its impact on the competitiveness of enterprises. It is substantiated that the introduction of ESG-investment requires the formation of a certain regulatory environment, and accordingly to clarify the substantive component of this concept and its operationalization, bringing the concept to a form that will work with it on a practical level, operate it in solving specific analytical and forecasting tasks, verify or refute research hypotheses. The author’s definition of ESG investing is proposed as an investment aimed at minimizing ESG risks, reducing environmental pollution to levels that do not harm human health and natural ecosystems, as well as strengthening social responsibility and improving corporate governance. It is substantiated that Ukraine’s delay in ratifying international regulations on the introduction of ESG-investing and ignoring the world experience in creating a regulatory environment for investing in ESG-principles threatens metallurgical enterprises with the loss of investors and, accordingly, competitive positions in the global metal market. Using specific examples from world experience, the need to recognize the standardization of reporting on the impact of business on climate and environment, one of the priority issues in the formation of the regulatory environment of ESG-investment. An arsenal of effective measures for the formation of the regulatory environment of ESG-investment, the introduction of which in domestic practice will allow to make effective and optimal management decisions to maintain the position of domestic metallurgical enterprises in the TOP-10 leading countries in metal production.

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Zapsha, Halyna, Olga Orlova-Kurilova, Svetlana Limarenko, and Anastasia Yatsun. "Resource Support for the Effectiveness of Strategic Management of Innovation Infrastructure in the Formation of Competitive Advantages and Socio-economic Guarantees in the Context of Economic Globalization." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Economic Sciences, no. 6(39) (2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2663-1636.2021.6(39).9-16.

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The aim of the article is to study the resource provision of the effectiveness of strategic management of innovation infrastructure in the formation of competitive advantages and socio-economic guarantees in the context of economic globalization. In the conditions of transformation of the national economy, there is a need to form such objects of innovation infrastructure that will stimulate the implementation of the innovation process at any stage of production. Such facilities must support the most promising business idea, innovative projects or ideas, in order to turn them into a product or service. The main purpose of economical use of innovation potential is to create and maintain the existing innovation infrastructure, able to position itself as a communicative channel for the transfer and exchange of knowledge, resources, ideas and technologies between stakeholders of innovative entrepreneurship. Proposals for further development of innovation infrastructure as a determining driver of positive changes in the institutional environment and a source of formation of positive synergy of innovative development of entrepreneurship have been developed. The stages of formation of such infrastructure according to the life cycle of the innovation project are marked, in the course of which due to achievement of complementarity of infrastructural elements impulses for the further stimulation of the economy based on diffusion of innovations are formed. This allows the state, as the initiator of regulation, to determine the directions of renewal of innovation infrastructure taking into account modern conditions. The necessity of reserve accumulation of resource potential of innovative entrepreneurship is noted and the directions of its use according to the stages of realization of the innovative project are determined. These actions are important for increasing innovative development at the macro level and forming a further strategy for innovative development of business stakeholders. The conclusion is made about the need for rational and economic use of resources. This need is due to the rapid involvement of resources in periods of transformation of the national economy, as well as the emergence of crisis trends in the domestic business environment.

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Działo, Edyta, Karolina Tkacz, and Przemysław Błyszczuk. "Crosstalk between TGF-β and WNT signalling pathways during cardiac fibrogenesis." Acta Biochimica Polonica 65, no. 3 (July 24, 2018): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2018_2635.

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Cardiac fibrosis is referred to as an excessive accumulation of stromal cells and extracellular matrix proteins in the myocardium. Progressive fibrosis causes stiffening of the cardiac tissue and affects conduction of electrical impulses, leading to heart failures in a broad range of cardiac conditions. At the cellular level, activation of the cardiac stromal cells and myofibroblast formation are considered as hallmarks of fibrogenesis. At the molecular level, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is traditionally considered as a master regulator of the profibrotic processes. More recently, the WNT signalling pathway has also been found to be implicated in the development of myocardial fibrosis. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the involvement of TGF-β and WNT downstream molecular pathways to cardiac fibrogenesis and describe a crosstalk between these two profibrotic pathways. TGF-β and WNT ligands bind to different receptors and trigger various outputs. However, a growing body of evidence points to cross-regulation between these two pathways. It has been recognized that in cardiac pathologies TGF-β activates WNT/β-catenin signalling, which in turn stabilizes the TGF-β/Smad response. Furthermore both, the non-canonical TGF-β and non-canonical WNT signalling pathways, activate the same mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38. The cross-talk between TGF-β and WNT pathways seems to play an essential role in switching on the genetic machinery initiating profibrotic changes in the heart. Better understanding of these mechanisms will open new opportunities for development of targeted therapeutic approaches against cardiac fibrosis in the future.

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Seheda, Liudmyla. "DIRECTIONS OF ADAPTATION OF THE NBU MONEY AND CREDIT ADJUSTMENT TO THE INFLATION TARGETING MODE ON THE EXAMPLE OF NEW ZEALAND." Economic Analysis, no. 28(1) (2018): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.01.196.

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Introduction. The article deals with the main problems of adaptation of the NBU monetary and credit regulation to the inflation-targeting mode. The main reasons for the low efficiency of the introduction of world experience in the field of monetary policy to domestic realities are considered. The methodical recommendations for increasing the efficiency of monetary regulation, optimizing the monetary mode of inflation targeting and implementing the monetary rule in the practice of realization of monetary policy of the NBU are developed. Purpose. The article aims to study the world experience in the field of adapting monetary and credit regulation to the monetary mode of inflation targeting on the example of New Zealand and to develop the theoretical and practical conclusions for Ukraine. Method (methodology). The following general scientific methods have been used in this research: method of synthesis and generalization (to substantiate the basic problems of monetary regulation in the context of realization of the monetary regime of inflation targeting in Ukraine); methods of analysis and comparison (to study the experience of New Zealand in the field of the formation of the monetary mode of inflationary regulation); statistical and mathematical methods (to develop monetary rule in Ukraine). Results. The main problems of low efficiency of monetary regulation in Ukraine that are related to the neglect of national interests, imbalances in the development of the national economy, inappropriate structure of exports and imports, negative business environment, and conditions for the absorption of monetary impulses have been identified. The experience of New Zealand in the field of the formation of the monetary mode of inflation targeting has been researched. It has been made the conclusion concerning a long transitional period during which, at the level of inflationary purposes, de facto, as intermediate monetary policy objectives, the exchange rate and liquidity of the banking system are used. The monetary rule for Ukraine has been developed. The methodical recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of the monetary and credit regulation of the NBU within the framework of flexible inflation targeting have been worked out.

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PRYSHLIAK, Halyna. "The importance of people's control in the implementation of environmental rights: theoretical and legal aspect." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 8/1 (August 27, 2021): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.8(1).8.

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The problem of people's control, the importance of which is indisputable for the implementation of environmental rights in the state, is one of the most complex, significant and fundamental issues in the theory of state and law. Theoretical understanding and development of practical recommendations for solving this problem is a necessary condition for effective scientific management of social processes. Discovering the essence of the concept of "people's control" as a fundamentally new legal category for domestic science, as well as solving a number of other problems of theory and practice of such control requires a thorough study of its formation as a separate independent legal institution and approval and improvement of its forms. It should be noted that the control of the people is one of the types of public control, which consists in monitoring citizens over the activities of public authorities, their officials, as well as analysis and verification of these activities, aimed at preventing, detecting and stopping actions that cause violations and legitimate human interests, including environmental. In addition, control is an important factor in the formation of civil society and the element that ensures the relationship between government and the people, which in turn is a necessary condition for building a democratic and legal state. Thus, it can be noted that all the mentioned authors consider only certain areas of people's control, bypassing such an important factor as recognizing it as a separate independent legal institution that has an important impact on the implementation of rights, including environmental. The actualization of this provision is especially intensified in view of the fact that the process of institutionalization of civil society is underway in Ukraine, and the turbulent events of political life give it certain impulses. Thus, the importance of people's control in various spheres of state and public activity, including environmental, is not in doubt, and its level corresponds to the development of democracy, civil society institutions, their impact on public authorities. Public control is designed to increase the responsibility of the state to citizens for its decisions and for the achievement of state obligations, as well as to ensure the proper exercise of rights and freedoms, including environmental.

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Shelemetieva, Теtiana. "Trends of development of hotel and restaurant economy of Zaporizhzya region in the context of strategy formation." Herald of the Economic Sciences of Ukraine, no. 1(40) (2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37405/1729-7206.2021.1(40).27-34.

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The article substantiates the need to study trends in the hotel and restaurant industry of the Zaporozhye region in the context of strategy formation. Today, the domestic hospitality industry is developing rapidly, especially in large industrial and financial centers of the country. But the significance of this segment for the domestic economy is much lower than in developed countries. It is noted that the efficiency of the hotel and restaurant industry depends on many external and internal factors that have a broad impact on the further development of the hospitality industry. The hotel and restaurant business is actively developing, finding new quality features and new impulses of its development, but in recent years a number of unresolved issues have accumulated. An analysis of the economic situation and trends in the hotel and restaurant industry of the region on the basis of statistical data of the Main Department of Statistics of Zaporozhye region and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The dynamics of the number of accommodation facilities in the Zaporozhye region is studied. As a result, the following trends were identified: the number of hotel establishments in 2019 decreased significantly, due to numerous inspections and non-compliance of hotels with the European level, which led to fierce competition between the hotel industry. The offers of tourist services of Zaporizhia region for 2017-2019 are analyzed. The capacity utilization rate in 2019 is lower than in 2017-2018. This indicates not quite uneven filling of seats by seasons and the creation of a significant number of reserve seats in case of seasonal increase number of guests. It is noted that the largest number of hotels and restaurants in the region falls on Berdyansk, Melitopol districts and the city of Zaporozhye. This is due to the fact that Berdyansk and Melitopol districts are the main recreational and resort complexes in the region with the largest tourist flows. The analysis of the dynamics of the number of restaurants for 2017-2019 in the Zaporozhye region and the dynamics of restaurants in the cities of regional importance of the Zaporozhye region. It is noted that in recent years there has been a steady reduction in the network of restaurants owned by legal entities. This is due to the growing number of enterprises owned by individual entrepreneurs, as well as the closure of canteens at industrial and other facilities. Regarding the solution of problems of development of hotel economy of the Zaporozhye area it is offered to provide a number of strategic tasks. The perspective directions of development in the sphere of restaurant business in the region are generalized. There will be trends: national cuisines, companies offering craft dishes, the implementation of a healthy diet, cooking in the presence of the customer, from farm products, cooking low-calorie meals, using low-temperature modes and opening restaurants in casual format, a kind of factories and markets.

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Gagieva, Anna Kapitonovna. "STATE ADMINISTRATION OF THE YARENSKY UYEZD IN THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE NEW TIME (LATE XVII - FIRST HALF OF XVIII)." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 16, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2022-16-1-121-128.

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The article deals with the state administration of the Yarensky uyezd in the transition period from the Middle Ages to the New time: the end of the 17 - first half of the 18 century. At that time, the management system of Prikazes was being replaced by the collegiate one, which had to radically change the civil service. By conducting it, the central government complicated management tasks, increased the flow of documents, regulated the activities of lower levels of the apparatus, etc. However, due to a number of circumstances, there were no changes. The reason was the unwillingness of the management apparatus, both local and volost, to comply with the rules established by the beginning of the 18 century. The lack of systematic training of clerical personnel, the general low educational level of officialdom led to the fact that clerical work did not depend on what document an official worked with (personal, judicial, personnel, and others), but on the duration of clerk’s stay in the Prikaz service. The central government was not ready to organize the transformation of the entire civil service and was not ready to implement new principles, which led to the inability to ensure the effective functioning of the government. The Prikaz-voivodeship system remained the basis of the administrative structure of the empire, existing and interacting with the collegiate system represented in the higher administrative bodies. For Yarensky Uyezd, the period of the end of the 17 - first half of the 18 century can be defined as the period of interaction and mutual influence of the Prikaz-based and collegiate principles of the organization of power. The modernization impulses coming from the center were still very weak, but they subsequently led to the formation of new management models in the territory under study.

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Dakhniy, Andriy. "IN SEARCH OF MAN: INTERACTION OF PHILOSOPHY AND LITERATURE IN WESTERN SPIRITUAL TRADITION." Doxa, no. 2(36) (March 25, 2022): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2410-2601.2021.2(36).246777.

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The article considers the phenomenon of interaction of philosophy and literature on the material of anthropological issues within the Western spiri tual tradition. It is shown that this kind of mutual enrichment has been successfully carried out since antiquity, in particular, in the sense of the influence of poetry and drama on the formation of philosophical thought, epic poetry and drama became the forefront of philosophy. Thus, a precedent was set, a certain model of interaction and mutual enrichment was initiated.It is emphasized that in literature, especially in drama, comic and tragic were explained in detail, which had an impact on the understanding of human nature in philosophy, as evidenced by the search for classical thinking – on a theoretical level and Hellenistic philosophizing – rather on a practical level: in the latter case, the philosopher often became someone like a literary character.The article also traces the analysis of the interaction of the tragic and the comic in the postantic era, in particular, from the Renaissance to the twentieth century.The affinity of philosophy and poetry as manifestations of the universalist approach to reality, characteristic of Western spiritual culture, as revealed by Aristotle, is also emphasized, and their emphasis is not on what was, but what should be. The productive interaction between philosophy and literature has been traced on the example of such antagonistic trends as the Enlightenment and Romanticism. The symptomatic appearance of such integrating literature and philosophy as S. Kierkegaard, F. Nietzsche and F. Dostoevsky in the 19th century is also pointed out. Examples of the close complementarity of anthropological research by philosophers and writers in the twentieth century are demonstrated. Finally, among the thinkers of the time is the figure of M. Heidegger, who, especially in his “late” period, often appealed and cothought with poets. It is noted that the most relevant in philosophical and literary studies (as opposed to scientific and religious approaches) is the analysis of time and death. That is, it is concluded that the most fruitful interaction of philosophy and literature was realized in modern times. Based on the principle of interdisciplinarity, it is substantiated that philosophical anthropology received the most fruitful impulses from the field of literature.

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Nazarevich, Victoria. "ORGANIZATION OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT WITH SIGNS OF OSTRACISM." Science and Education 2021, no. 4 (January 2022): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2021-4-2.

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The article examines the system of organizational principles of communication in the educational environment with manifestations of ostracism and the influence of ostracizing tendencies in school groups on the academic and social development of students and the professional achievements of teachers. The peculiarities of the communication system formation in educational institutions are analyzed. It is determined that the administration of the educational institution and the teaching staff acts as a catalyst both in the formation of cooperative relations and in the implementation of educational work of the school unit. The aim of the study was to carry out a theoretical analysis of organizational aspects of communication systems in the educational environment with signs of ostracism. The structure of conditions for ecological communication in the educational system was formed: participants feel safe, the presence of an atmosphere without grading during the educational process, a sense of warmth, active interest in students, the compassion of adults, no corporal punishment in case of violation of rule or other unacceptable behaviour. Such general scientific theoretical methods of information study as analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, induction, deduction, explanation and classification were used to achieve the aim of the study. Risk factors that affect the success of interpersonal interaction are revealed: a number of external factors, such as natural phenomena or social events (conflict, change of collective, disturbance of the structure of educational space - change of leader), or internal factors, such as the behaviour of teachers and staff, number of students, group composition, entry of new persons into an already formed group, an accident in the group, etc. The classification of Marshall factors that affect communication during the learning space is included: the number and quality of interactions between adults and students; learning environment, including buildings, classrooms, available materials, as well as the perception of this space by teachers and students; student's success; the presence of an atmosphere of equality between all subjects of educational activity. The role of the management personnel in the process of creating an ecological educational space is indicated, because the communication skills of the administration of the institution largely determine the effectiveness of the educational space and the achievement of goals. The characterological features of the administration are reflected, which are a manifestation of a high level of emotional intelligence, as a consequence of possibility of building an effective system of communicative ties: self-awareness, empathy, social responsibility, focus on reality, sociability, control of impulses.

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Wang, Bojian. ""Academization" of the saxophone: genesis, main milestones and current trends." PHILHARMONICA. International Music Journal, no. 6 (June 2021): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2453-613x.2021.6.35933.

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The leading research topic in this article is the analysis of the specifics of the development of saxophone art in a symphony orchestra. The chosen problem requires the study of this direction from the perspective of a broader socio-historical context, within which it is possible to identify special signs of musical culture, both in the general context and in individual genres. In this vein, the study of saxophone music in a symphony orchestra allows us to outline, firstly, the origins of the origin of interest and the introduction of a special instrument into the cultural panorama, secondly, to trace the ways and impulses of its spread, and thirdly, to find out the problems of the saxophone as part of a symphony orchestra. In order to fully understand its special place in the cultural continuum of a certain place and epoch, music for the saxophone should be considered not just as a specific artifact that has been embodied in creativity, performance, education, but as a multi-level and three-dimensional concept in the musical art of the XIX-XXI centuries. The disclosure of the role of the saxophone as part of a symphony orchestra in the article is not just carried out through the prism of the representation of a certain number of facts, names, events, and can be traced as the correspondence of the development of the instrument to those historical, political, socio-economic and, above all, cultural and artistic processes that have formed a kind of creative reinterpretation of one of the most popular modern instruments. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the genesis, development trends and the current state of saxophone art in general, as well as, in particular, in the composition of a symphony orchestra. In the study, the author focuses on iconic performers and teachers, whose personal achievements in the field of concert, research and musical and social activities had a significant impact on the formation of the saxophone as part of a symphony orchestra.

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Arkhanhelska, Alla M. "Transformational Potential of the Biblical Idiom “A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing” in Modern Russian Speech." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 462 (2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/462/1.

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The article deals with the defamiliarization of the biblical idiom “a wolf in sheep’s clothing” in the modern Russian media reality and speech, and with the transformational potential of this unit. Based on the transformational paradigm of the idiom “a wolf in sheep’s clothing” in the horizontal analytical dimension, the article aims to identify the incentives of its transformation (internal phraseological modelling) and formation according to the model (external phraseological modelling), to track its temporal and sociocultural markedness inscribing it into the cultural and ideological context of the newest era, and to reveal the complex of linguistic and non-linguistic factors “provoking” the author of the media text to make the transformational updates which make the contextual (semantic and formal) reinterpretation of the idiom possible. Within the boundaries of the transformational paradigm at the level of its inner and outer vectors, the symbolic meanings of the components and the role of “metaphor of dressing up” in deceitful garments, semantic and structural-semantic transformations (amplification, substitution, implication, double actualization of certain components of the phraseological unit, morphological transformations, deformation of the syntax model, and role inversion), the role of phraseological configuration as an incentive for updating the biblical idiom as well as the facts of phraseological modelling are considered. The article focuses on the heteromorphism of phraseological transformations (semantic, structuralsemantic, including morphological ones) with one of the types dominating. Particular attention is paid to both the systemic and nonsystemic nature of phraseological transformations and the influence of semantics and pragmatics of the original biblical prototext on the transformative potential of the idiom “a wolf in sheep’s clothing”. Following the investigation, it has been found out that the transformative impulses emanating from the semantic and cultural meaning of the original biblical prototext are in demand to a much lesser extent than the linguistic ones (potential of the structural-semantic model of the idiom, symbolic value of its components as well as their systemic connections at the lexical-semantic and grammatical level), which confirms the secularization of the biblical expression and its transition to the category of functional textual units. The study is performed on the material of fiction, Russian printed and electronic media as well as Internet forums and blogs of the beginning of the 21st century. Using the methods of the textual identification of transformations, phraseological modelling, as well as component variable, historical-etymological and linguocultural analysis, the biblical idiom is considered a text-formative element.

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Huseynov, N. M., V. R. Fisenko, and P. R. Aslanov. "INFLUENCE OF OTOTOXIC PHARMACEUTICALS ON BIOELECTRIC RESPONSES IN CEREBRAL CORTEX AND COCHLEA." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 20, no. 2 (July 6, 2020): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.20.2.124.

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The article describes the results of the experiment aimed to find out the nature of changes in the excitability of the auditory cortex during prolonged taking of antibiotics, aminoglycosides, diuretics and salicylates. Methodology. The series of experiments was carried out on cats of both sexes weighing 3-3.5 kg, in natural behaviour. Rectangular threshold (1.5-3 V) and supra-threshold (5-7 V) electrical impulses lasting 0.1 ms were applied to the TCR fibres, using single and paired (interstimular intervals of 20-500ms) stimulation of the TCR fibres. As a source of irritating impulses, a multi-channel stimulator "SEN-3201" of the company "Nikon-Kohden" (Japan) was used. For each skeletal interval was carried out on 10 repetitions. The SOFTWARE was registered using the average Det-1100 average from Nikon-Kohden (Japan). The resulting visual control was performed from the screen of the "Disa-Indicator" oscilloscope (Denmark). The maximum level of the intensity value reached 110 dB. Sound signals were transmitted through special high-frequency phones (or speakers) of the GD-4 type, which were in a free state, at a distance of 10 cm from the ear of the test ear. All the studied pharmaceuticals (furosemide, streptomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, monomycin, tobramycin and amikacin) except acetylsalicylic acid, which was injected intraperitoneally, were administered to cats intramuscularly 2 times a day at intervals of 10-12 hours. Bioelectric reactions of the cortex and cochlea were recorded daily 2-3 hours after the next administration of drugs. Streptomycin, kanamycin and monomycin were used at a dose of 40 mg / kg, which causes inhibition of the cochlea's MIC response (MOI) and auditory nerve PD only with long-term use. Gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin were administered in a lower (15 mg/kg) dose. Results. Furosemide reduced by 50% the value of the microphone potential recorded during sound stimulation with a frequency of 10 kHz after 4 days, with a frequency of 1 kHz-5 days, with a frequency of 0.5 kHz-6 days from the beginning of use. The most sensitive to furosemide were auditory nerve PD, which occurred during sound stimulation at a frequency of 10 kHz (T50 – 5 days), and less – at a frequency of 0.5 kHz (T50 – 7 days). The cancellation of furosemide was accompanied by the restoration of the value of these bioelectric reactions to the initial level in 5 days. Thus, the data obtained indicate the possibility of a reversible depressing effect of furosemide on the responses of the CGM and the cochlea that occur on sound stimulation. All the studied antibiotics-aminoglycosides had the ability to reduce the value of the testing primary response when paired electrical stimulation of TCR fibres. These changes were observed 2-3 days after the start of the use of antibiotics. Initial changes in the value of MP and PD of the auditory nerve occurred after 12-24 times of drug administration. In this case, a decrease in these potentials by 20-25% was noted. Further use of antibiotics led to an increase in changes in responses registered in the cochlea, with the greatest sensitivity to the effects of drugs were reactions to high-frequency sound stimuli. When analyzing the ability of the studied tools to disrupt the activity of the peripheral fragment of the auditory analyzer, a pattern similar to that for the cerebral cortex was found. Withdrawal of drugs at the stage of initial changes in potentials registered in the cochlea is not accompanied by their recovery for a long (6 weeks) period after stopping the administration of antibiotics. Conclusions. Different rates of formation of damage to interneuronal transmissions were found during long-term use of different antibiotics.

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Tkachuk, Andrij. "PECULIARITIES OF STUDYING SUCH COMPONENT OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL DANGERS AS DRUG ADDICTION (DEPENDENCE ON OPIATES AND OPIOIDS), AT THE TEACHING OF THE DISCIPLINE "SAFETY LIFE AND LABOR PROTECTION IN INDUSTRY"." Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no. 191 (2020): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2020-1-191-165-170.

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In the article new approaches are considered in the study of socio-political dangers related to the formation of drug dependence on opiates and opioids, in institutions of higher education in the process of teaching "Safety Life and Labor Protection in Industry" due to more effective compilation and presentation of the appropriate lecture material with the help of the system of multimedia presentations. It is shown that on the one hand, endogenous opioids (enkephalins, endorphins, dinorphins, endomorphins) are of great benefit, because they work every second inside our brain, and created opioids of the morphine series (morphine, heroin, tramadol, fentanyl, desomorphine, etc.) are an important group of analgesic drugs, but at the same time they are the most terrible of the drugs that have taken and are taking the lives of millions of people. Peculiarities of material supply due to the causes, mechanisms and consequences of the effects of narcotic opiates and opioids on the human nervous system are considered. It is shown that the two main effects of morphine are: 1) reduction of pain sensitivity (analgesia) due to inhibition of pain signals in the spinal cord and brain (instead of endogenous opioids, which themselves constantly block the transmission of weak signals in the spinal cord from minor injuries, and can to block stronger pain impulses at the level of a thalamus that gives the chance, literally, not to pay attention to pain); 2) calm, euphoria due to the weakening of the activity of inhibitory neurons that inhibit the work of the centers of positive emotions in the hypothalamus and basal ganglia - in fact, the inhibitory block is removed from positive emotions and they become much more. With the help of morphine, you can cause hyperactivation of all opioid centers, that is, "exclude" any pain, even the strongest from severe physical injuries, burns, and oncology. And since the opioid block (inhibition) is only above the pain channels, the skin and temperature sensitivity do not overlap, that is, the person continues to tactilely feel his body (and not as with novocaine). But, for 5-10 times, if morphine is used frequently, there is addiction (need to increase the dose to get the same effect) and dependence (when you suddenly stop taking the drug - develops withdrawal syndrome - the system swings in the other direction, that is, if you take painkillers, you will have severe pain, if psychostimulants and antidepressants - depression), because any synapse, if overstimulated, begins to change compensatory. In the case of morphine, the formation of the opioid withdrawal syndrome is the fastest of all known systems. At the same time, after abrupt cessation of use there is a very powerful pain withdrawal syndrome - "breaking", when even a small touch causes severe pain, or even pain "in an empty place" - small pain signals now pass unhindered and "the whole body hurts" as if "burns with fire", "pulls out pieces of skin", the heart beats at 200 beats per minute and a person can die.

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Diatlova, Yu. "Modern Approach to Formation of the Banking Sector Development Trajectory." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 4 (62) (2020): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2020-4(62)-70-77.

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The results of the study topical issue on effective development of the banking sector with an emphasis on banks with domestic capital are summarized in the article; the modern approach to formatting the trajectory of such development is substantiated. The factors influencing the development of the banking sector are systematized. External and internal factors are distinguished. The supranational and national levels are defined for the group of external factors. Supranational factors are related to globalization and integration. First of all, these are crisis phenomena in the world economy and financial system, the liberalization of capital movements. External factors at the national level mostly have a negative impact on the development of the banking sector. It is shown that certain external factors of the national level depend on supranational ones, and internal factors depend on national ones. Internal factors are grouped into those that have a positive and negative impact on the development of the banking sector. The characteristic of the most significant factors is given, their mutual influence is shown. Factors such as the dangerous level of competitive internalization due to the presence of foreign banks in the Ukrainian banking market, the high level of loans and deposits dollarization, low quality of assets and loans have a negative impact on the development of the banking sector. The influence of internal factors on the development of the banking sector is determined. It is proved using dynamic (simulation) modeling based on an impulse process that the development of the banking sector is significantly influenced by the factor of dangerous level of competitive internalization. It is established that such stabilizing factors as the growth of demand for banking services, increasing confidence in the banking system and stabilization of the national currency together compensate for the destabilizing effect of any negative factor, including competitive internalization. The formation of positive internal factors will contribute to the progressive trajectory of the banking sector development, in particular banks with domestic capital.

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Strelets, V., and R. Shevchenko. "FORMATION OF BEGINNING AND BORDER CONDITIONS OF THERMAL LOCALIZATION OF THE EMERGENCY SITUATION ASSOCIATED WITH CHEMICAL-DAMAGES." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 154 (April 3, 2020): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-293-297.

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The urgent problem of formation of initial and boundary conditions of mathematical model of emergency localization with the help of a two-level dome-shaped protective device in case of forced thermal destruction of the device of impulse damage of chemical-dangerous substances is solved in the work. The solution to this problem was based on the hypothesis of the possibility of rapid application of a two-level protective device for the thermal localization of a cell of emergencies related to the impulse lesion of chemically dangerous substances. According to the hypothesis, approaches to the formation of a mathematical apparatus, which consists of a mathematical model of prevention of an emergency of a similar nature, the control algorithm and methods for their practical application, are determined. In order to implement this approach, the paper analyzes the current state of formation of the mathematical apparatus, identifies the existing shortcomings of the existing models. In order to eliminate the latter, the impact of characteristic technical and operational conditions on the effectiveness of localization of emergency situation related to the threat of impulse emission of chemical hazardous substances was analyzed. In the course of the research it was proved that the formation of recommendations for reducing the time of localization of the consequences of emergencies related to the threat of impulse release of chemical-dangerous substances by means of a two-level protective device requires obtaining a multifactor mathematical model of emergency prevention taking into account its initial and boundary conditions. The final step was to determine the initial and boundary conditions of a multifactor mathematical model that describes the behavior of the emergency prevention process. Based on this, further research should be aimed at developing a mathematical model of emergency prevention related to the threat of impulse release of chemical-dangerous substances and appropriate methodology based on it, which will reduce the time of localization of the consequences of an emergency without changing the level of safety of civilians and personal the composition of the emergency rescue unit with the help of a mobile protective device. Keywords: thermal destruction, emergency, chemical hazardous substances, protective device

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Kushnir, D. G. "Hyperbasites as a factor of geodynamics: the results of the surveys at the Taimyr geophysical site." Actual Problems of Oil and Gas, no. 29 (November 19, 2020): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29222/ipng.2078-5712.2020-29.art1.

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Seismic data indicate the widespread inversion origin of the largest geological structures of the Taimyr Peninsula and record repeated changes of the direction of tectonic movements. The inversion the Yenisei-Khatanga trough led to the formation of a system of megaarchs over the ancient depocenter containing massive hyperbasite intrusions at the Moho level, which are marked by the gravity maximum. These intrusive processes are an important factor that can initiate inversion and contribute significantly to its development under permanent compressional tectonic regime in the region.According to the geophysical data, the development of troughs in the north of Central and Western Siberia is associated with the formation of eclogites under the depocenters, at the Moho level. Consistent with the electrical resistivity anomalies, eclogites are plastic and overlap mantle hyperbasites of lower density that leads to gravitational buoying up of ultramafic formations. This, along with metamorphic and metasomatic processes, acts as an impulse for the uplift in the axial parts of the troughs. Simultaneously, expansion and acceleration of sagging, due to the displacement of plastic eclogites and crystal-mantle mixture from the penetration zone towards the peripheral parts of the sedimentary basin, result in the uncompensated sediment accumulation and the formation of the Neocomian clinoform complex.

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Сабадуха, Олексій. "ПСИХОСОМАТИЧНИЙ ІНСТРУМЕНТАРІЙ: МЕТОД ТРАНСОСОБИСТІСНОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ ЯК СПОСІБ КОРЕКЦІЇ ФІЗИЧНОГО ТА ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я ЛЮДИНИ." Psychology of Personality 9, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/ps.9.1.119-125.

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У статті теоретично обґрунтовано механізм виникнення та перебігу психосоматичних порушень, а також запропоновано авторський підхід у психосоматичній роботі – метод трансособистісної терапії, що дозволяє одночасно коригувати як фізичний, так і психічний стан людини. Доведено, що свідоме переживання деструктивних думок, емоцій та почуттів обумовлює функціональні порушення внутрішніх органів, що, у свою чергу, детермінує спазми та застійні процеси в різних частинах тіла (представницькі зони Захар’їна–Хеда). Метод трансособистісної терапії охарактеризовано як синтез тілесних, психологічних та духовних практик, результатом яких є позбавлення людини від деструктивних установок, емоцій та почуттів, формування конструктивного ставлення до себе, інших людей і соціальних умов життя, а також корекція функціонального стану організму. Джерелами методу є логотерапія В. Франкла та психофізіологічні дослідження А. Корба. Психотерапевтичний ефект методу трансособистісної терапії забезпечується лікувальним масажем та трьома психологічними вправами: «Висловлювання почуття подяки», «Прийняття проблемної ситуації», «Самотрансценденція». Обґрунтовано, що активізація префронтальної кори та заспокоєння лімбічної системи – необхідна умова відновлення психологічного й фізичного здоров’я людини, на що й спрямований метод трансособистісної терапії. У стані активності префронтальна кора (свідоме) здатна контролювати імпульси смугастого тіла (підсвідоме), що є умовою духовного розвитку людини до особистісного рівня. The theoretical basis of the mechanism of occurrence and passing of psychosomatic disorders has been formulated in the article. Also there is the author's approach in psychosomatic work proposed – a method of transpersonal therapy that allows to correct simultaneously both physical and psychological state of a person. It is shown that the conscious experience of destructive thoughts, emotions and feelings can cause functional disorders of the inner organs, which, in turn, determines cramps and stagnant processes in different parts of body (representative areas by Zakharyin – Ged). The method of transpersonal therapy is characterized as a synthesis of bodily, psychological and spiritual practices and the result of which is the purification of a human's psyche from destructive settings, emotions and feelings. It is helpful in the formation of a constructive attitude towards oneself, others and social conditions of life, as well as the correction of the functional state of the organism. The method is based on Victor Frankl’s logotherapy and psychophysiological studies by A. Corb. The psychotherapeutic effect of the method of transosomal therapy is provided by a therapeutic massage and by three psychological exercises: »Expressing a sense of gratitude«, «Acceptance of a problematic situation», «Self-transcendence». It is substantiated that activating the prefrontal cortex and calming the limbic system is a necessary condition for the restoration of psychological and physical health of a person, and the method of transpersonal therapy is just directed at this. In a state of activity, the prefrontal cortex (conscious) is able to control the impulses of the striatum (the physical base of subconscious), which is a condition of spiritual development of a human to a level of a person.

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Polonik, Marina Vasilyevna, and Evgenii Valeryevich Murashkin. "Formation of the Stress Field in the Vicinity of a Single Defect under Shock (Impulse) Loading." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1116.

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The formation of residual stresses in the vicinity of a single defect of continuity in the process of intense impulse loading surface with considerable distance from the defect is examined. Modeling is carried out within the framework of large elastic-plastic deformation. In the vicinity of the defect there is level of stress, leading to its elimination.

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Vismont, F. I., and A. F. Vismont. "Formation of the “setting” level of body temperature regulation during endotoxin fever." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical series 17, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1814-6023-2020-17-1-28-37.

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The experiments on rats and rabbits using modern physiological, biochemical research methods and the pharmacological approach established that in the body, the action of bacterial endotoxin, accompanied by fever, leads to a significant decrease in blood plasma and in CSF of the arginine content. In rabbits after 30 min intravenous administration of carbon-labeled arginine hydrochloride (25 μCi/kg) at the endotoxin fever peak (after the 60 min injection of endotoxine E. coli), the radioactivity level in the blood plasma decreases and significantly increases in the cerebrospinal fluid and the hypothalamus tissue. It was revealed that although the content and speed of norepinephrine turnover in the hypothalamus after the introduction of L-arginine hydrochloride (100 μg) into the ventricles of the rats does not change in comparison with control animals, however, the chemoreactive properties of the thermoregulatory structures of the brain have changed, which manifests itself in the change in the expression and duration of thermoregulatory effects of the central action of norepinephrine and acetylcholine. It was established that the administration of L-arginine hydrochloride into the brain ventricles at a dose of 100 μg per animal or in the blood flow at a dose of 20 mg/kg caused the pronounced antipyretic effect. It was found that L-arginine hydrochloride (100 μg), after it has been introduced into the ventricles of the brain, increases the impulse activity of heat-sensitive neurons of the medial preoptic region of the anterior hypothalamus in rabbits due to a brain temperature growth when the animal’s body is overheated. Apparently, CSF arginine can be considered as an important factor in the changes in the excitability thresholds of cold and heat-sensitive neurons in the hypothalamus and in the formation of the “setpoint” of body temperature regulation during endotoxin fever.

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Parsiak, Volodymyr, Olena Zhukova, and Кaterina Parsiak. "WORLD SHIPBUILDING: DRIVING FORCES AND RELEVANT DEVELOPMENT VECTORS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 5 (February 11, 2019): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-5-244-250.

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The purpose of the paper is to find out under the influence of which external impulses and according to which vectors events in the field of shipbuilding are taking place in our time. Concentrating attention on them, the authors sought to provide shipbuilders-practitioners with guidelines useful for making weighted and sometimes fateful business decisions. The conducted research seems timely from the viewpoint of the formation by the owners and management of the development strategy of domestic shipyards. Especially those related to the “new wave.” In the overwhelming majority, it is represented, paradoxically, by small and mediumsized enterprises. In recent years, they have been striving to find their own place in the international market for engineering, construction, repair, conversion, operation, and recycling of products whose line makes the structure of the chosen industrial specialization. The fact that the prospects for this business, despite the known difficulties, are optimistic is evidenced by the dynamics of the absolute volume of cargo transportation by sea and the construction of new vessels it has caused. Methodology. The performed generalizations are based on the analytical processing and systematization of data obtained by the authors from available information sources. As a result, substantiation of the arguments confirming the formulated working hypothesis regarding fundamental changes in the global shipbuilding – a key type of marine economic activity – has been obtained. Among its many features – a high level of competition, in which more and more new rivals are drawn. The study outlines the factors, under the influence of which the identified metamorphoses occur. This creates the prerequisites for identifying causal relationships between the first and second ones. In particular: humanity’s facing with the realities of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, signs of which are easily detected in shipbuilding; awareness by governments, socially responsible business, the public of the fatal consequences of neglecting environmental safety, affecting the natural environment and people employed in the maritime industry or residing in its area; advances in the sectoral international division of labour, accompanied by the emergence of new shipbuilding centres; the rising cost of marketing and building ships and the desire of shipowners to get an effect on the scale of the facilities used. At the same time, obstacles that occur along the way are identified. Practical implications. In support of the conclusions, we analyse the experience of leading enterprises, which serve as an example for imitation and deserve further development. They are not limited solely to technical and technological innovations but find the use of new organizational forms of mobilization of accumulated potentials. Among them are shipbuilding clusters. Turning to their creation, the initiators seek to strengthen the competitive positions of participants in developed segments and actively form new promising markets. Value/originality. As a result of systematization of the key areas of the drift of world shipbuilding, an information platform has been created, based on which shipyard management is able to foresee the future of the business under its care.

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Sielski, Anna, Kostiantyn Bezruchko, Liudmyla Pymonenko, Oleksandr Burchak, Andrii Karhapolov, and Volodymyr Baranovskyi. "Redistribution and realization of energy at different scale-hierarchical levels of coalrock massif." E3S Web of Conferences 168 (2020): 00063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016800063.

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The research of redistribution and realization of energy at different scale-hierarchical levels at the Donbas coalrock massif based on the parameters of faultings and gas-dynamic phenomena has been conducted. It is proved that the energy transfer, incoming by impulses in post-inversion time of the geological development in Donbas, occurs throughout the whole structure of coal, due to the formation of energy connection between individual elements of the molecular structure. This process is accompanied by transition of free energy into a bound state with increase in ordering of the molecular structure and aromaticity of the coal substance (local increase in the degree of catagenetic transformations). The conditions of energy accumulation and realization depend on the peculiarities of molecular processes occurring in dislocations of different types. Less energy is accumulated in tensile zones than in compression zones, which is confirmed by the intensity of coal and gas outbursts. It has been established that the energy entering the multifractal geological environment in Donbas from external sources is also redistributed fractionally by the system, causing the formation of multiscale discrete inhomogeneities, which provides the massif with specific properties and ability to self-organization. A fractal model of the structure of the coalrock massif is proposed.

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Podrigalo, L. V., S. S. Iermakov, A. F. Alekseev, and O. A. Rovnaya. "Studying of interconnectios of morphological functional indicators of students, who practice martial arts." Physical education of students 20, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2016.0109.

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Purpose: to study interconnections of students’ morphological functional indicators and their influence on level of sportsmanship. Material: in the research 17 students, practicing martial arts, participated. 62 indicators were determined: anthropometrical, goniometrical criteria of arms joints’ status; tapping test and maximal frequency of grabs in impulse mode. Results: we found that maximal contribution in system is made by hand dynamometry of right and left hands, body length and mass, chest circumference, width of shoulders; maximal frequency of grabs by right and left hands. It was confirmed that there are correlations between students’ morphological functional indicators. The highest contribution to formation of functional system is characteristic for anthropometric indicators. Results of maximal grabs in impulse mode made rather sufficient contribution in system’s formation that is confirmed by great quantity of correlations. Analysis of character, strength and orientation of correlations witnesses about informative potential of this test and permits to recommend it as screening for control of sportsmen’s state. Conclusions: we determined that indicators of hand dynamometry system formation illustrate that for martial arts wrestlers strong grab was very important. It is ensured by strength of hand muscles.

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Syekh, Sayid, and Zainuddin Zainuddin. "Long term relationship between exports, gross domestic capital formation, transfer fund allocation, and private investment in Jambi Province." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 8, no. 6 (February 1, 2021): 631–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v8i6.10757.

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This study investigates the relationship between Jambi export with gross domestic capital formation, allocation of transfer funds, and private investment, based on the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results show that, both in the short and long term, the gross domestic capital formation, allocation of transfer funds, and private investment can explain changes in Jambi exports. The gross domestic capital formation strongly influences Jambi's export fluctuations compared to other variables. There is a disequilibrium relationship in the short term, and it becomes equilibrium in the long run. Only 69 percent of export changes can be determined in the current period, and the rest is determined in other periods. Likewise, the gross domestic capital formation, only 38 percent, can be determined in the current period, and the rest is determined in other periods. Based on the impulse response function, the impact of export shocks has a large impact on itself. Shocks have a very significant impact and have a long lead to stable levels. Shocks can cause changes in Jambi exports to gross domestic capital formation. Shocks to the formation of gross domestic capital formation require a long time to reach a stable level.

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Siqueira, Kennya Beatriz, Richard Lee Kilmer, and Antônio Carvalho Campos. "The dynamics of farm milk price formation in Brazil." Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural 48, no. 1 (March 2010): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-20032010000100003.

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Dairy is a highly relevant segment of the Brazilian agribusiness economy. However, this segment has changed significantly after deregulation Thus, it is worthwhile to know what the changes are in the spatial integration of the market and in milk price formation at the farm level after deregulation. The methodology is a modification of Gonzalez-Rivera & Helfand (2001), which is compounded in extension of the market, pattern of integration, and degree of integration. The extension of the market is determined through the measure of self-sufficiency index, unit root test, and Johansen test. The last one is focused on the searching for a common trend between the time series. The pattern of interdependence is studied using the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). Lastly, the degree of integration is measured by the impulse response functions derived from the Bernanke decomposition. As a result, we found that the milk market in Brazil is composed by Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo. We also discovered that these markets have small speed of adjustment to shocks and there is no leader in milk price formation.

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Samoilova, Liudmila Konstantinovna. "Innovative economy: barrier or impulse for the development of borderline-dangerous conditions of meso-formations." Национальная безопасность / nota bene, no. 5 (May 2021): 66–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0668.2021.5.36392.

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The analysis of the provisions of economic science reveals the need for replacing the resource-based economy for innovative, which is explained by the growing scarcity of economic resources in the context of increasing demands of the actors for economic goods. However, most scientific elaborations focus solely on the positive consequences of implementation of innovations, rather than negative caused by the unwillingness of economic entities to innovative changes due to shortage of resources, scant involvement of the government agencies of meso-level in the process of simulating innovative initiatives, low interest of the end consumer in the innovative product. The goal of this article lies in substantiation of feasibility of using individual approach towards meso-formations in the context of switching the economic course, which would take into account the internal territorial peculiarities and impede the emergence of borderline-dangerous conditions. Assessment is conducted on the readiness of regional economies for innovative changes, which confirming high differentiation of meso-formations by a number of criteria that reflect the state of the local innovative environment. Based on the calculations and subsequent analysis carried out on the resource capacity of the territories, the author concluded on infeasibility of application of the “typical” rearrangement of the vector of their socioeconomic development.

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Petrova, Olga. "The Phenomenon of “Distrust” as a Drive in the Development of Visual Art." NaUKMA Research Papers. History and Theory of Culture 4 (June 15, 2021): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-8907.2021.4.113-118.

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The article researches the topic of “artistic distrust” as a possible rebel path of the rebellious artists from the mainstream to the underground existence. The artist’s existence of reality on the principle of doubt about any norms (the model of “anthropology of distrust”) has a long historical longevity. Through the analysis of both high-quality works of art and safe normative art in different periods we observe various examples that may show this point of view. In medieval art we notice the precedent of “disobedience” and non-compliance with the norms of the official church in decorations of the temples and overcoming of anonymity. Thus the artist Anton Pilgram resorted to self-affirmation, as long as the master signed his own work in the spotlight and made a self-portrait on it.From the Renaissance, the idea of individual search, experiment, that is, disobedience and doubt in traditions, has been working in the minds of Europeans. The latest philosophical thought of the beginning of the “anthropology of distrust” sees its origins in the worldview models of the Renaissance. Leonardo da Vinci, with his curiosity and the genius of exploration, has remained an iconic figure to this day and an obvious symbol of total doubt and distrust of all that is established. With the ideal of a beautiful, flawless man, philosophy and art parted with difficulty, in the dramatic realization that it was time to present the unattractive, the ugly, the unfinished, and the negative as artistic qualities in the works of the New Age. “Anthropology of distrust,” doubting the inviolability of existing (at different times) norms manifests itself dualistically. In the works of great masters the denial of norms thatexisted in the art of a particular era had a progressive, positive meaning, because it opened up new levels of worldview to culture. In global art practice, the vast majorities of artists were and are conformists. Conformism in art supports tradition, holds the level of skill, but has no pretensions to open new horizons in the artistic reflection of the world. The situation is quite different when the artist questions any stability in art, or totally denies them. This is not a riot for the sake of a riot, but a feeling of something missing that the artist himself is not yet able to explain. According to the promising thinking of the bright philosophers of the 17th–20th centuries, self-distrust, doubts about the perfection of one’s own achievements, and a look into the non-existent are productive for culture. These impulses of the psyche proved to be fundamental and indisputable in the mentality and culture of modern times. The most radical were the programs of Dadaism and Futurism. In a person of the pre-modern era, the deviation from the norm caused stupor. Now the procedural features of the “anthropology of distrust,” the feeling of one’s own deficiency activate the artist’s creative thought and encourage a reckless search, sometimes even complete self-denial. At all times, until today, the bravest in their own rebellion against existing norms (both artistic and social) often fall on the margins of life and the artistic process, or even underground. Such artists are not understood or supported by the general public, and even worse, they are treated with suspicion and sometimes hostility. In the early 1990s, when the young generation of Ukrainian artists opposed the remnants of the Soviet mentality in both art and social life, the “anthropology of distrust” had a life-giving meaning. The mobilizing philosophy of “distrust” regarding the normative nature of socialist realism led to the formation of Ukrainian “contemporary art” which later turned into neo-conformism.

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Sushchenia, Н. A., and L. N. Marchenko. "Subthreshold micro-impulse laser coagulation of retinal detachment in children." Doklady BGUIR 18, no. 8 (December 27, 2020): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2020-18-8-89-96.

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Retinal detachment in children often requires multiple revisions. Despite active surgical treatment, subretinal fluid can persist for a long time in the macular region of the fundus. This leads to a decrease in visual acuity after surgery and an unsatisfactory functional result of treatment. In the absence of central vision, children develop amblyopia and secondary strabismus. Reoperations increase the risk of complications. Threshold laser coagulation leads to thermal burns of all layers of the retina with the formation of chorioretinal adhesion, which ensures adhesion of the retinal layers, but irreversibly damages the retinal neuroepithelium. Аs a result, the use of threshold laser coagulation in the macular zone is limited. The method of subthreshold micropulse diode laser ablation (STDLA) was developed on the basis of a clinical examination of 44 pediatric patients of the pediatric ophthalmology department of the Minsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, whose level of subretinal fluid in the posterior pole of the eyes remained for a long time after extrascleral surgery for retinal detachment. The proposed exposure parameters provide a selective effect on the cells of the retinal pigment epithelium with laser radiation in the micropulse mode without irreversible thermal denaturation of photoreceptors and without damage to the neuroepithelium in order to stimulate the resorption of subretinal fluid and correct transudative disorders. As a result, the adhesion of the retinal photoreceptor layer to the pigment epithelium is restored. The effectiveness of the method is confirmed by a decrease or complete disappearance of subretinal fluid, adhesion of neuroepithelium according to optical coherence tomography and leads to an increase in visual acuity. The proposed method made it possible to optimize the treatment of children with retinal detachment, to improve the anatomical and functional outcomes of treatment, which is of medical and socio-economic importance.

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Kovtun, Natalia. "The will and the need for interpretation of Thomas Aquinas." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 66 (February 26, 2013): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2013.66.257.

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Fundamental social changes in any society are impossible without the formation of a high level of social activity of the individual in particular and society as a whole. In the context of this important role plays the study of the correlation of will and need as an important precondition of social activity. Actually, it is the will as a creative impulse to action not only the basis of awareness of needs, but also the ascending position of the daily choice of man. On the basis of awareness and focus on the choice of the direction of activity in the individual and public consciousness formed a holistic image of the purpose of the practical transformation of the world of nature and the world of culture. In the act of will, the subject legitimizes and authorizes the subjective desire, which is constituted in this process as objectively directed meta activity.

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Smirnova, E. O. "On the Problem of Will and Self-Regulation in Cultural-Historical Psychology." Cultural-Historical Psychology 11, no. 3 (2015): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2015110302.

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This paper attempts to differentiate between the concepts of 'will' and 'self-regulation'. Basing on literature research the author presumes that here we deal with two qualitatively different and specific processes: one of them centers around the awareness of an individual's actions, while at the core of the other lies the impulse to act, i.e. motivation. Thus the author sets forth a hypothesis that will and self-regulation have very different psy¬chological content and different lines of development in ontogenesis. Following L.S. Vygotsky, the author considers self-regulation as the ability to control oneself (one's inner and outer activity) with the help of cultural¬ly provided means of organizing behavior. Stages of self-regulation development are therefore shaped by the level of the individual's awareness of his/her activity and by the means employed for its organization. Will, as it has been interpreted over the course of history, is considered as the urge towards active actions, as the pow¬erfulness and persistence of one's wishes and desires (volitions). From this perspective the development of will way be described as the formation of persistent motivation in a child, as the emergence of his/her own desires. The paper reveals the relationship between impulse and awareness in various forms of child activities suggesting that, however specific, will and self-regulation are one in their genesis. The final part discusses issues in modern childhood related to the development of will and self-regulation.

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Yang, Xing. "A DSGE Decision Model for Investigating the LPR Transmission Effect." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (January 21, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2981558.

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In August 2019, People’s Bank of China launched the reform of Loan Prime Rate (LPR) quotation formation mechanism and then made continuous progress in the order of “new loans first, followed by exiting loans,” dredging the interest rate transmission channel of “policy interest rate, LPR, loan interest rate.” In 2020, Chinese financial institutions have mainly referred to LPR pricing for loans, and the marketization level of loan pricing has significantly improved. This paper analyzed the policy effects transmitted by LPR through constructing a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) decision model, and it was found that the financial market structure, pricing ability of commercial banks, and the degree of LPR application all affected the policy rate transmission effect and had an impulse impact on macroeconomic growth. Based on the above analysis, this paper proposed policy suggestions on the path of interest rate market-oriented reform and coping measures of commercial banks in China.

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Zheng, Qingyun, Thomas Kernozek, Adam Daoud-Gray, and Katarina T. Borer. "Anabolic Bone Stimulus Requires a Pre-Exercise Meal and 45-Minute Walking Impulse of Suprathreshold Speed-Enhanced Momentum to Prevent or Mitigate Postmenopausal Osteoporosis within Circadian Constraints." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 3727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113727.

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Osteoporosis currently afflicts 8 million postmenopausal women in the US, increasing the risk of bone fractures and morbidity, and reducing overall quality of life. We sought to define moderate exercise protocols that can prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis. Our previous findings singled out higher walking speed and pre-exercise meals as necessary for suppression of bone resorption and increasing of markers of bone formation. Since both studies were amenable to alternate biomechanical, nutritional, and circadian interpretations, we sought to determine the relative importance of higher speed, momentum, speed-enhanced load, duration of impulse, and meal timing on osteogenic response. We hypothesized that: (1) 20 min of exercise one hour after eating is sufficient to suppress bone resorption as much as a 40-min impulse and that two 20 min exercise bouts separated by 7 h would double the anabolic effect; (2) early morning exercise performed after eating will be as effective as mid-day exercise for anabolic outcome; and (3) the 08:00 h 40-min. exercise uphill would be as osteogenic as the 40-min exercise downhill. Healthy postmenopausal women, 8 each, were assigned to a no-exercise condition (SED) or to 40- or 20-min exercise bouts, spaced 7 h apart, for walking uphill (40 Up and 20 Up) or downhill (40 Down and 20 Down) to produce differences in biomechanical variables. Exercise was initiated at 08:00 h one hour after eating in 40-min groups, and also 7 h later, two hours after the midday meal, in 20-min groups. Measurements were made of CICP (c-terminal peptide of type I collagen), osteocalcin (OC), and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), markers of bone formation, and of the bone resorptive marker CTX (c-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen). The osteogenic ratios CICP/CTX, OC/CTX, and BALP/CTX were calculated. Only the 40-min downhill exercise of suprathreshold speed-enhanced momentum, increased the three osteogenic ratios, demonstrating the necessity of a 40-min, and inadequacy of a 20-min, exercise impulse. The failure of anabolic outcome in 40-min uphill exercise was attributed to a sustained elevation of PTH concentration, as its high morning elevation enhances the CTX circadian rhythm. We conclude that postmenopausal osteoporosis can be prevented or mitigated in sedentary women by 45 min of morning exercise of suprathreshold speed-enhanced increased momentum performed shortly after a meal while walking on level ground, or by 40-min downhill, but not 40-min uphill, exercise to avoid circadian PTH oversecretion. The principal stimulus for the anabolic effect is exercise, but the prerequisite for a pre-exercise meal demonstrates the requirement for nutrient facilitation.

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Kuzmina, Y., Е. Gorelikova, and Е. Gusina. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Osteopathic Correction of 3-9 Month Old Babies Presenting Delayed Motor Development on the Background of the Perinatal Damage of the Nervous System." Russian Osteopathic Journal, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2016): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2016-3-4-59-68.

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Introduction. In order to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment of children presenting delayed motor development, it is important to observe how somatic and neurologic dysfunctions inﬂuence each other and how they affect on the formation of motor skills in children. It is of current interest to justify methods of osteopathic diagnostics of somatic dysfunctions which can impede normal development of a child and methods of correction of these somatic dysfunctions by osteopathic techniques.The aim of the research. To evaluate clinical effectiveness of osteopathic supervision of formation of motor skills in babies presenting delayed motor development on the background of the perinatal damage of the nervous system. Methods. 70 3-9 month old babies presenting consequences of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia of the ﬁrst-second degree, delayed motor development (F82) took part in the research. The babies were evaluated before and after osteopathic correction. In order to evaluate changes in the neurologic state and motor development there were used special tables for evaluation of neurologic states and a point scale for evaluation of progress in motor development.Results. Structure of somatic dysfunctions in babies presenting delayed motor development on the background of perinatal damage of the nervous system was identiﬁed. On the global level rhythmogenic disorders of the cranial rhythmical impulse were predominant. On the regional level the most typical somatic dysfunctions for this pathology were: somatic dysfunctions of the head region (46 %), of the duramatral region (32 %). On the local level somatic dysfunctions of the craniosacral system were the most frequent: dysfunctions of certain bones and cranial sutures (96 %), intraosseous lesion (78 %). After osteopathic treatment the number of changes in neurologic state had a coefﬁcient of contingency with the number of somatic dysfunctions found, which makes evident the presence of strong feedback.Conclusion. The results obtained permit to recommend the use of osteopathic treatment together with the neurologic treatment in rehabilitation of babies.

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Semeniv, B., G. Shutka, T. Prystavskyi, A. Babych, and I. Yakimishin. "Increasing the level of special working capacity of athletes in ukrainian belt wrestling at the stage of preparation for main competitions." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 4(149) (April 20, 2022): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2022.4(149).23.

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Increasing the popularity of national belt wrestling in the world, gave impulse to the revival of historical, national and cultural traditions in countries where developing national wrestling. It forces professionals in the field of physical culture and sports to work on improving the methodology of training in wrestling, increasing the level of development of physical qualities, improving the methodology of formation of motor skills and abilities inherent in this type of belt wrestling. Ukrainian national belt wrestling was acknowledged as a sport in Ukraine in 2003, the Ukrainian Federation of Ukrainian Belt Wrestling has 14 regional centers that develop Ukrainian belt wrestling. In 2020, an international federation of Ukrainian belt wrestling was founded, which included 15 states from different continents of the world that began to cultivate Ukrainian belt wrestling. The aim of the study: to increase the level of special physical skills of athletes to prepare for Ukrainian belt wrestling at the stage of the highest international competitions. Research methods: theoretical (analysis of scientific-methodical, normative-legal and historical literature), empirical (pedagogical observation, testing of the level of physical skills, medical and biological research methods), mathematical methods of research processing. Conclusions. Studies indicate a positive effect of training regimens on the development of speed and strength endurance on the body of athletes and special physical performance. VCL indicators of the experimental group increased by 13.7%, in special physical performance the highest results were observed for the indicator that characterizes the technical readiness of athletes - the speed of throws, which increased in the experimental group by 22.5%, control group 5.8%. Speed endurance (running 4x24 m) increased by 16.3% in the experimental group and 3.9% in the control group.

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Vlasenko, Tetiana. "Formation of the mechanism of strategic change management in an enterprise." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2019-3-3.

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Introduction. Ensuring long-term successful functioning of the enterprise in the market requires the development of an effective strategy, in which strategic changes play an important role in determining the competitive advantages and providing resources in their creation in response to the environmental impact. Effective implementation of strategic changes requires the formation of a mechanism whose architectonics and structure require further improvement. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the structure of the mechanism for managing strategic changes in an en-terprise. Results. The following results were obtained based on the generalization of existing approaches to understanding the mechanism of change management in general and the mechanism of strategic change management in particular. The driving element is the influence of the subject on the object, which realizes the impulse to transform the input to the output through the internal components, which within the developed structure of the mechanism takes the form of managerial decision-making. The mechanism should include sources of change, both internal and external. The study identifies key external ones. The need to include the process component in the mechanism is due to the conversion of input to output, which occurs in it. The mechanism should be based on a methodological framework that incorporates laws, principles and functions that are universal to all enterprises, and methods recommended for enterprises, depending on the level of strategic potential, which is also considered as an element of it. The sphere of strategic change implementation is represented by a subject area that com-bines the "soft" and "hard" components, including leadership and style, hierarchy, processes and procedures, organization-al competencies, technology and more. The implementation of strategic changes is proposed as a set of projects in the form of a portfolio, which allows to align the goals of the projects with the strategic intentions of the enterprise. As a result, at the output of the mechanism, a new configuration of the main subsystems of enterprise and process functioning is formed, and additional potential for growth is created. Key words: mechanism, strategic change, mechanism for managing strategic change, methods, functions, principles, laws, subject area, external environment.

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Chernii, V. I. "Infusion therapy of traumatic shock." Infusion & Chemotherapy, no. 3.2 (December 15, 2020): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2020-3.2-309-311.

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Background. Analysis of all deaths due to military trauma (MT) over the last decade revealed that 1/4 of them could have been prevented. Up to 90 % of these deaths are related to blood loss. Trauma induces acute endogenous coagulopathy within a few minutes in 25 % of patients, which quadruples mortality. The main feature of MT is its combined nature, because in explosive injuries the local action of the explosion is combined with shrapnel wounds and distant damage to organs, and the wound canal goes through several anatomical parts of the body. In case of concomitant injuries, there are several sources of pain impulses, there is a deep endotoxicosis and impaired function of damaged organs. Under MT conditions, it is difficult to determine the nature of the shock due to a combination of hemorrhagic and traumatic shock. Uncontrolled post-traumatic bleeding is the leading cause of preventable death. Objective. To describe infusion therapy (IT) of shock. Materials and methods. Analysis of literature data on this issue. Results and discussion. In approximately 1/3 of hospitalized patients with trauma, the bleeding is coagulopathic. The severity of coagulopathy is determined by the influence of environmental factors, metabolic disorders, therapeutic strategy, the presence of brain and liver injuries, individual characteristics of the patient, the trauma and shock, hemodilution coagulopathy. The primary task of managing a patient with trauma is to eliminate the so-called lethal triad (hypothermia, acidosis, coagulopathy) and ensure perfusion of vital organs. Damage Control Resuscitation (DRC) is a systemic approach to the treatment of severe injuries that combines a resuscitation strategy with a range of surgical techniques from the moment of injury till the end of the treatment. DRC is aimed at blood loss minimization, maximization of tissue oxygenation, and optimization of outcomes. Surgeries performed as part of the DRC approach include an incision from the xiphoid process to the pubis with evacuation of blood and clots from the abdominal cavity, thorough examination and termination of all bleedings. Damaged parenchymal organs are completely resected. Damaged intestine is resected and connected with clips without anastomosis formation. Damaged vessels are ligated. The abdominal cavity is closed with a sterile bandage, but not sutured. After 1-2 days, tampons are removed, anastomoses are formed, and all non-viable tissues are removed. As for examinations, magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for assessing the severity of the injury and detecting extraperitoneal bleeding. In patients with closed abdominal trauma, hypotension, or an unknown mechanism of trauma, a rapid ultrasound examination is indicated to look for blood at potential sites of its accumulation. In the treatment of injuries with bleeding and shock, IT is of great importance. Its principles include the restriction of crystalloids use, the use of blood products in the optimal ratio of blood and plasma, and hypotension until the final surgical hemostasis. Reosorbilact (“Yuria-Pharm”) has properties close to an ideal infusion solution. The efficacy of Reosorbilact in shock was demonstrated in a multicenter Rheo-STAT study. In traumatic shock, infusion of 800 ml of Reosorbilact does not affect the coagulation hemostasis system. Instead, administration of a similar volume of 0.9 % NaCl is accompanied by a tendency to hypercoagulation, and 500 ml of hydroxyethyl starch – by hypocoagulation. Reosorbilact has a pronounced rapid hemodynamic effect. The target hemoglobin level in patients with trauma and bleeding is 70-90 g/L. Intravenous iron preparations (Sufer, “Yuria-Pharm”) can be used for its correction. Prehospital plasma transfusion is recommended to normalize coagulogram parameters. Tranexamic acid (Sangera, “Yuria-Pharm”) should be administered to patients with bleeding within 3 hours of injury. The first dose should be given at the prehospital stage of care. The pleiotropic effects of Sangera include antifibrinolytic, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory. In addition, Sangera 2-3 times lowers the threshold of pain sensitivity. Another recommended component of comprehensive treatment of bleeding is the introduction of calcium chloride. Recombinant activated coagulation factor VII is not recommended for routine administration and is prescribed only when other measures are ineffective. It is recommended to urgently discontinue vitamin K antagonists and use appropriate antidotes. Pulmonary embolism is the third most common cause of death among patients with polytrauma who survived the third day. It is recommended to initiate the pharmacological thromboprophylaxis within 24 hours of bleeding control being achieved. Conclusions. 1. A significant proportion of preventable deaths are related to blood loss. 2. The primary task of managing a patient with trauma is to eliminate the lethal triad (hypothermia, acidosis, coagulopathy) and ensure perfusion of vital organs. 3. In the treatment of injuries with bleeding and shock, IT is of great importance. 4. Tranexamic acid should be administered to bleeding patients within 3 hours of injury.

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Grib, Nikolay, Valery Imaev, Galina Grib, Lyudmila Imaeva, and Igor Kolodeznikov. "Local seismicity alterations in the South Yakutia mining region due to the technogenic impact on its geological environment." E3S Web of Conferences 56 (2018): 04019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185604019.

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Impulse loads, arising due to the high natural seismicity of the South Yakutia region, exercise both direct and indirect effects on the upper part of the Earth's crust during industrial explosions. The direct effects result from nonlinear displacements caused by the blast wave and the subsequent formation of new disturbances. The indirect effects arise due to the activation of structural elements along geological contacts, leading to the emergence of technogenic seismicity foci. The foci of induced seismicity are either confined to the blast points, or located along the tectonic structures crossing quarry fields. The technogenic impact on the geological environment transforms the independent local seismic process, since explosions trigger a chain of local seismic events. The near-surface layers of the Earth's crust become activated in the area of dynamic influence of active faults. Under the influence of explosions, both the number of seismic events and the average level of released energy alter. Impulse loads on the geological environment lead to a spatial redistribution of the foci of low-energy (K <7) earthquakes. The main form of the geodynamic development of seismogenic faults is the movement of their sides in the form of mutual “slippage”. Seismic events are manifested only when the aforementioned form of deformation is impossible or difficult to develop, in other words, when the stress-state areas of the Earth's crust develop. Therefore, the shaking impact of blasts can be considered as a factor contributing to the predominance of aseismic forms of fault motion in the form of smooth slippage of their sides. In conclusion, the impact of industrial blasts can not only activate faults around the mining area, but also have an unloading effect on the foci of seismic hazard forming in the interior, i.e. the redistribution of earthquake energy in terms of reducing earthquake energy class.

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Šeina, Viktorija. "Literary canon studies: methodological guidelines." Literatūra 61, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/litera.2019.1.1.

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The article presents for the Lithuanian audience an interdisciplinary approach of literary canon studies that integrates diverse methods of various disciplines (sociology of literature and culture, literary and cultural history, teaching of literature, text reception and aesthetic response history, memory and media research and bibliography studies). The most intense development of literary canon studies can be observed in Western Europe and the United States in the last decade of the 20th century. This was due to the fact that the scholars engaged in the field of postcolonialism, gender studies and neo-Marxism gave it a strong impulse by initiating a debate about insufficient representation of some social groups (women, racial or ethnic minorities and people from lower social strata) in high school curricula in the USA. The debate was expanded into theoretical polemics of whether the canon is formed by means of objective aesthetic criteria or, on the contrary, canon depends on the social contract. Methodologically, investigations of literary canon that are genetically related to the tradition of sociology of culture seem to be the most productive, while this perspective provides an apparatus for a detailed investigation of relations between specific interests of literary field and wider national, social or group interests.The framework of this article is based on the studies of John Guillory, Renate von Heydebrand and Simone Winko. Their essential starting point is the understanding of the canon as a sociocultural process in which the political elite selects a corpus of significant texts in accordance with tradition and formulates practices that ensure the transmission of those texts for future generations. Therefore, canon formation turns to be a strategy based on complex relations of evaluation, cognition and actions that aims to conserve this selected knowledge and transmit it to future generations. The structure of the canon is directly related to the notion of literature and literariness; a society (or its group) defines its canon by considering what they recognize as valuable.Unlike religious canons, which can only be constructed by theologians, there are a lot of canonizing institutions (schools, universities, literary criticism, theatre repertoire, book market, libraries, etc.) involved in the formation of literary canons. They do not create any well-balanced system of the canon but rather conduct diverse practices of canonization. We can distinguish a micro and macro level in the process of canon formation. The micro level contains a lot of separate actions of canonization that propel the canonization process which enables the canon formation at macro level. Origin, stabilization and transformation of literary canon are multidimensional processes, thus it is essential not to lose sight of the interaction of separate dimensions.

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Zhang, Zhe, Yifeng Fu, Zun Zhang, Xin Lin, Jiayun Qi, William Yeong Liang Ling, Haibin Tang, and Georg Herdrich. "Transient buildup and dissipation of a compressed plasma shockwave in arc-discharge plasma beams." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 30, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 125014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ac3bd5.

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Abstract Electric propulsion offers the advantage of a high specific impulse through a large exhaust velocity and has seen significant progress in space flight applications. Recently, we observed a transient plasma shockwave during pulsed plasma thruster operation when the plasma beam impacted a probe surface. However, details regarding the plasma shockwave formation are still unknown. This work is an experimental investigation of the compression-induced plasma shockwave in the presence of a planar obstruction. To study the complete shockwave buildup and dissipation process, an ultra-high-speed imaging system was set up to visualize the time-resolved shockwave morphology at a sub-microsecond level. In addition, the local magnetic field and plasma density were measured using 2D magnetic coils and a triple Langmuir probe, respectively. The successive images of the shockwave give us a comprehensive understanding of the shockwave buildup process. During the 12 μs operational period of the thruster, two shockwaves were formed during the first cycle of the discharge. It is also interesting to note that there is a 1 μs dissipation period between the two shockwaves with the same cloud of plasma compressing against the probe surface. A shockwave model is also developed to predict the appearance of the two shockwaves. The implication is that the local magnetic field strength can be a key indicator for the plasma shockwave buildup and dissipation process.

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Uspenska, I. O. "Violin concerto principles as a way of musical thinking: semantic discourse." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 56, no. 56 (July 10, 2020): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-56.11.

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Background. The history of concert music, separated from ritual and other non-musical functions, is closely connected with the art of violin. The violin was the leading instrument of the Baroque concert style, the examples of which are still unsurpassed. Despite the large amount of research on the formation and varieties of violin style, the concept of “concert” in combination with the concept of “violin” has not yet been considered separately, which determines the relevance of the topic of this article. The object of the research is a concerto principle of musical thinking in violin music; the purpose of the study is to identify the features of the phenomenon of concert in the system of music genres with the participation of the violin. Research methodology. To highlight the content of the stated topic, the article uses elements of both general and special musicological methods, including: historical genetic, deductive, comparative (general scientific approaches); organological, genre and stylistic analysis (musicological approach). Results. The article is devoted to the characterization of the “concerto principles” concept, which is the basis for the study of concert works for violin. It is noted that such phenomena and concepts as “concerto principles”, “concertіzing”, “concerto” are based on the reflection of the dialogue idea in its projection on the dialectic of musical formation (according to B. Asafiev). The author of the article identifies the main approaches to classifying the types of concerto as a musical genre, pointing out the following oppositions: “composer – performer-soloist”, “performer-soloist – orchestra”, and “structural canon – freedom of construction”. The significance of such attributes of concerto as virtuosity and improvisation inherent in any concert forms, including with the participation of the violin, is highlighted. It is noted that the implementation of the concerto principles, which come from large concert forms by J. S. Bach (according to Yu. Kholopov), is a prerequisite in the practical application of the concerto violin music models that are individually embodied in the work of modern masters, including Kharkiv citizens. In order to characterize the phenomenon of violin concerto principles, it was necessary to dwell on the nature of a whole complex of phenomena defined by B.Asafiev as “the basis and principle of concerto”. Based on the observations made by the founder of intonation theory, we can conclude that there is a common core of any concerto music – the idea of a dialogue that arises between the generating and generated intonational and thematic impulses that potentially contain a key to the dialectic of the musical process in its various structural formulations. The dialogue nature of concerto as a special musical genre also includes such attributes as virtuosity and improvisation. However, their presence in a concerto has various gradations and is not, as a rule, a foreground factor. At the same time, we cannot deny that the virtus aesthetics (lat. – valor, talent) is important within the system of concerto genres represented in music for a certain instrument, in particular, the violin. In this regard, a concerto is always a “competition and agreement” between the soloist and the orchestra accompanying him. As a result, and on this basis, we can say about the formation of the three main types of interaction between the participants in the concert dialogue: dominating solo, dominating orchestra, and parity (according to K. Kuznetsov). It should be noted that the improvisation clarifies the meaning of concerto as a performing genre, which is aimed at the free expression of a musician, unlimited by the existing canons and structural models. The genome of concerto (M. Bondarenko) is realized in a rather wide variety of musical forms and genre subtypes – from the standard model of a concerto for a solo instrument with orchestra, a concert for orchestra, a “concerto without orchestra” (R. Schumann), to any other genre forms containing signs of concerto (K. Bila). In evolutionary terms, the development of the concert dialogue idea went through several stages in which two multidirectional vectors are distinguished – centripetal (the way to concerto as a special kind of symphonic genre) and centrifugal (“dispersal” of concerto as a principle of musical thinking in different intonation systems – mono-, poly- and liberal-genre, according to G. Daunoravichene). The “Genre Explosion” (L. Shapovalova), inherent in Modern music, influenced concerto as a musical genre, where composers and performers can discover for themselves and for listeners the most diverse elements of language and technology, referring to different eras and genre styles. The absence of a unified concert model in modern composer and performing practice is largely due to the set of instruments. The instrumental component of concert genres (namely genres, not a genre) is in modern conditions a key determinant in implementing the principles of concerto, which fully applies to violin music. It was the violin that was one of the main instruments that determined the appearance of a solo concerto in the Baroque music, where the foundations of the entire subsequent development of instrumental genre traditions were laid in the direction from the typical vision to the author’s version – the hypothesis of the world (M. Starcheus), concentrated in the genre “matrix” (E. Nazaikinsky). The unsurpassed examples of a large concerto form, which composers of all subsequent eras have oriented themselves to, are found in the works of J. S. Bach, who was not so much an “inventor” as a “trend-setter”. In concertos by J. S. Bach, the severity and seriousness of thought are combined with a peculiar “neutralization” (Yu. Kholopov) of form elements that create a kind of its internal tonal and harmonic “frame”. At the heart of Bach’s concerto principles, which apply to all other manifestations of this principle, and to modern violin literature, there are two constructive standards – polyphonic (theme and interlude) and homophonic (theme and episode), in which Yu. Kholopov sees not only differences, but also similarities. The author of this article did not set the goal of illustrating these principles on the material of specific works from the creative portfolios of Kharkiv masters. At the same time, the three principles of constructing a large concerto form – alternative, developmental and reprise-repeated (Yu. Kholopov), developed by I. S. Bach, can be traced in a number of examples – from concertos for violin (violins) with orchestra – to concerto miniatures , where the “image” of the instrument is realized through various gradations of concerto as the basis and principle of musical thinking. Conclusions. The semantics of violin concerto is revealed in two meanings, concentrated in the components of this phenomenon. The main one is “concert” as a principle of musical thinking, based on a combination and different types of ratio of dialogicity (genre constant), virtuosity and improvisation (genre attributes). The second component of the phenomenon – “violin” – specifies the first at the level of the genre system, which is multifaceted and includes works of different models, classified on the basis of mono-, poly- and librogenre. The semantic “matrices” of violin concerto find expression in the corresponding genre forms, which was first demonstrated in the music of the late Baroque (J. S. Bach), where they were divided into two most common types of poetics: polyphonic (theme and interlude), homophonic (theme and episode). The article states that on this methodological basis it is necessary to approach the concert violin style in the works of both individual authors and regional schools, in particular, one of the leading in Ukraine – Kharkiv, which is the immediate prospect of further study of the topic.

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Хуснутдинова, Светлана, Svetlana Khusnutdinova, Мария Сафонова, and Mariya Safonova. "INTANGIBLE HERITAGE AS A SOCIAL FACTOR OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AREAS IN A SERVICE ECONOMY." Service & Tourism: Current Challenges 10, no. 3 (September 13, 2016): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21094.

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The article is devoted to study the role of intangible cultural heritage in the development of modern urban areas. Modern cities are experiencing a transformational load associated with the transition from industry to the post-in- dustry – service industry comes on the place of the plants, and one of the leading sectors becomes tourism. Social and environmental factors on the one hand, reflect the general level of development of the city and, on the other hand, in a post-industrial economy are the main actors in the development of all areas, including city tourism. Intangible cultural heritage is seen as a social factor, the formation of which is related to the environment (natural- ecological spheres), and history of the city. Intangible cultural heritage serves as a catalyst for the creative economy and the events of the city, which in turn have a positive impact on city tourism. The city squares, streets, parks are becoming the immediate territorial areas, where the intangible cultural heritage are demonstrated to the citizens and tourists and their level of status, comfort and attractiveness depends largely on the implementation of the tourism potential of the intangible heritage. Cities skillfully combining the intangible heritage, creative industries, event and educational tourism receive an additional impulse for the development of city tourism and the whole economy of the city. The Republic of Tatarstan last decade is actively moving towards the formation of territorial attractive tourism product. Kazan has ranked among the leading cities of domestic tourism sector. Moreover, any tourism city is interested in attracting more tourists for longer periods, which is possible due to the diversity of the program in the city or region. Intangible cultural heritage can play an important role in solving this problem. In the article using the example of the three cities of the republic – Kazan, Chistopol and Elabuga – is shown as a combination of social factors, such as intangible cultural heritage, and natural factors can create an attractive tourism route. Publication of the article was supported by Russian Humanitarian Research Foundation and government of the Republic of Tatarstan as part of scientific project № 15–13–16004.

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Nurdubayeva, A. R., S. Zh Kobzhanova, and G. F. Valeeva-Suleymanova. "Architectural practice of shaping urban spaces through the prism of traditional ideas of the Turks (Nursultan, Kazakhstan)." Keruen 74, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.53871/2078-8134.2022.1-21.

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The article discloses architectural ideas, aesthetics, ethics and social ethics of state power in terms of designing architectural spaces in the city of Nursultan. Universals of traditional Turkic culture and modern stimulating impulses of creativity are analyzed. The criteria for searching for a "collective portrait" in the representation of urban spaces and ways of constructing mythological and symbolic meanings in them are revealed. Architectural images are formed at the level of accepted literary patterns - mythological, symbolic formations. The urbanization of a metropolitan place determines a hierarchically organized semiotic product that has the stability of archaic meanings, as stages of construction, with ethnic and mythopoetic constructivism, marked by the conditional concepts of “capital nodes”. The first metropolitan spatial node was revealed by the principles of a new independent and self-sustained world order, renaming the streets of the virgin land, but adding an object of power - the Presidential Palace of Culture. The second node - Nurzhol Boulevard laid down a new principle of spatiality - the Ritual Path through the Exhibition of Independence Achievements: from one symbolic structure of the Power to another, replacing the Square, as the Soviet form of ritual expression. The third node began with the shopping malls, making out and closing the Way to the architectural passage, which eventually culminated in the appearance of the image of the Sphere-Universe - EXPO 2017. This development of figurative forms reveals the stages of understanding and acquiring a topological space - the "face" of the capital, primarily in the republican, regional and planetary scale.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Impulses formation level'

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