Academic literature on the topic 'Impulses formation level'

It has been revealed, that useful properties of codes with low mean sidelobe level of autocorrelation function are manifested when the impulses pack is jointly processed in the form of low relative level sidelobes of cumulative autocorrelation function. The use of codes with low mean sidelobe level potentially allows to provide the lowest sidelobe level of cumulative autocorrelation function in case of non-coherent accumulation, as well as to ensure a low sidelobe level in case of coherent accumulation. Criteria of search of codes with low mean sidelobe level lasting from 10 to 26 elements by method of exhaustive search, way of the formation of packs from them the probing impulses, the reached sidelobes levels of cumulative autocorrelation function and comparison with M-sequences at a non-coherent and coherent ways of accumulation are given in work.

Modern anesthesia, based on the use of halogenated hydrocarbons, nitrogen monoxide, or xenon, cannot fully ensure the interruption of nociceptive impulses at the level of the stem and spinal and subcortical formations, which caused vegetative and metabolic signs related to pain. To prevent the negative effects of pain, additional methods are used, including intraoperative analgesia and regional blockades. This study was conducted to assess the effects of various types of anesthesia, including epidural blockade, on the parameters of the immune system in patients with cancer. A total of 438 patients with malignant neoplasms of the abdominal organs were examined. In these patients, levels of cytokines (such as tumor necrosis-alpha and interleukin-6) and T-lymphocytes of various clusters of differentiation in the blood were measured. Impaired cytokine balance in patients with oncological diseases of the abdominal cavity was accompanied by the formation of suppression of cellular immunity in the postoperative period. Measurements revealed immunosuppression that was largely dependent on the type of anesthesia used. Cellular parameters with the greatest relationship with immunity were preserved during combined anesthesia, including epidural blockade.

Exhibition at the museum is one of the communications media that can be used to present level of civilization and culture of a nation based on cultural materials on display. The essence of communication is the perception that is how visitors are able to accurately perceive the information presented in museum exhibits. Visitor perceptions of accuracy of the information depends on how curator described the encoding within the exhibitions. Formation of a person's perception of the stimulus preceded the arrest sensing nerves, then there's perception of the object, and finally the brain sends impulses through the motor nerve action. Arc sensingperception- reaction in psychology called the reflex arc. This paper describes how far the level of accuracy for the management of visitor perceptions of the exhibition at the Museum Sonobudoyo based on Kaplan's model of four variables namely coherent, easily understood, complexity, and mystery. The data was collected through questionnaires to 65 respondents.

A model for water exchange of a basin connected to the open sea by two channels has been worked out. The model is applied on the Gulf of Riga, where the water exchange processes versus strong landbased inflow of nutrients are the most important factors in formation of the trophic status of the Gulf. The model's response both to stationary external conditions and nonstationary impulses (changes in the sea level, wind and riverine inflow) is analysed and possibilities for matter exchange calculations are discussed. It appeared that the water exchange depends strongly on the configuration and position of the straits. The water exchange in such a two-channel system is considerably different (and stronger) than in the case of a one-channel version. The main external force for the Gulf appeared to be the wind.

Background: Toxic levels of reactive oxygen species are key contributors to the lesion of dead outer hair cells (OHCs) seen in the cochlea after noise exposure. The current study follows previous work in which paraquat was used to demonstrate that NADPH oxidase is active in the cochlea and can contribute to cochlear reactive oxygen species formation and hair cell loss. Purpose: The current study was undertaken to test whether pharmacological blockade of NADPH oxidase in the cochlea would lead to reduced noise-induced hearing loss and OHC death. Study Sample: A total of 18 chinchillas (36 ears) were assessed in the study. Intervention: AEBSF (4-[2-aminoethyl]benzenesulfonyl fluoride), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase activation, was dissolved in distilled water and delivered into the cochlea via diffusion across the round window membrane. The contralateral ears received distilled water as a vehicle control. Following treatment, chinchillas were exposed to one of two noises: a 4 kHz octave band noise at 106 dB SPL for 6 hr or an impulse noise that consisted of 75 pairs of 155 dB pSPL impulses. Data Collection and Analysis: Pre– and post–noise exposure, thresholds of the auditory brainstem response at 2–8 kHz were measured. Postmortem OHC counts were conducted at the conclusion of the study. Two- and three-factor ANOVAs were used for statistical analysis of the OHC losses and ABR threshold shifts induced by the noise exposures. Results: Permanent threshold shift from the impulse noise was reduced in the ears treated with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, but no differences were found in the groups exposed to the continuous noise. OHC losses were not statistically different between the treated and untreated ears for either noise exposure. Conclusions: The results suggest that NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide has a role in cochlear damage from impulse noise, and pharmacologic inhibition of NADPH oxidase can reduce cochlear susceptibility to noise damage. The lack of protection from the longer-duration continuous noise can be attributed to a number of possibilities related to dose level and delivery schedule.

It is estimated that about 18 million people worldwide suffer from dementia and it is projected to increase to about 35 million by the year 2025. All types of dementia occur due to an aberration in memory retention and development, caused by malfunctioning neurons. Experimental investigation of the dynamics of biological networks is a fundamental step towards understanding how the nervous system works. Activity-dependant modification of synaptic strength is widely recognized as cellular basis of learning, memory and developmental plasticity. Understanding memory formation and development, thus translates to changes in the electrical activity of the neurons. It is not possible to achieve this understanding at a cellular level by in vivo studies. To map the changes in the electrical activity it is essential to conduct in-vitro studies on individual neurons. Hence there is an enormous need to develop novel ways for assembly of highly controlled neuronal networks. To this end, we used a 5 × 5 multiple microelectrode array system to spatially arrange neurons, by combination of applied DC and AC fields We characterized electric field distribution inside our test platform by using two dimensional finite element modeling (FEM). As the first stage in the formation of a neural network dielectrophoretic AC fields were used to position the neurons over the electrodes. We used DC electric field to control axon growth direction within the network. Applied electric field direction is found to be an important parameter for axon growth. Electrical impulses were recorded from the individual neurons in the network during positioning and network formation.

The article summarizes the results of the analysis of the causes of fragmentation, dissociation, and polarization of the economic space of rural territories, primarily the southern regions of Russia, which are the leading agricultural and industrial regions of the country (Rostov region, Krasnodar Krai and Stavropol Krai), determines the impact of infrastructure deficits, conventionality of farming for the outflow of economically active population to areas with a higher level of competitive advantages, determines the need to align the development of rural territories, primarily through the formation and development of poles of economic growth of the “second order”, which should serve as intermediate links for leveling the discreteness of economic space of agricultural and industrial regions. The author considers a set of innovative measures that contribute to the generation of impulses for the development of rural territory economy and transformation of their economic space towards depolarization and the elimination of “dissociation”, which is the key to increase the economic potential of the agro-industrial complex (its resource, agricultural and raw material, processing and production components), increase of its functioning efficiency, which is especially important for the agricultural and industrial regions of Russian South.

Under the influence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the skills need of current and future employees are also changing. In an environment where people work with machines and digital technologies, it is essential to develop the organization's new skills and competencies in order to remain competitive. Terms such as eskills, digital skills, or technological skills are often used in the context of human capital formation, and become an important part of it for organizations in the digital technology environment. The European Commission, which evaluates the DESI index every year, includes a human capital dimension, where according to the digital skills ranking, many European countries do not even reach 50 points out of 100. From the perspective of companies, jobs require a certain type of technical and digital skills. Gender research points to a significant gap between men and women in the field of IT, as well as in the current level of skills. However, the theory lacks more insight into gender specifics in a generation that will only come to the labour market in the coming period. In our original research, we decided to examine a selected generation Z, young people who are in their final years of high school and are considering the future direction of their education and potential career. This generation, unlike the previous ones, is specific in that it has grown up in many new technologies and encountered them in recent years. The aim of the research was therefore to examine gender differences in generation Z in terms of the perception of different types of skills as an important part of the human capital formation for future. And further take a deeper look at their behaviour in terms of education and career decision-making impulses. The research was conducted on 755 students in Slovakia and Czech Republic and pointed to a significant difference in the perception of the importance of technological and ICT skills between men and women, as well as their external influence on decision-making. The results of the unique research provide basis for the possibilities of setting up education and development of young women in the topic of digital skills, through which it would be possible to reduce this significant gap between men and women in the researched area.

Present experience shows that it is impossible to solve the problem of traffic congestion without intelligent transport systems. Traffic management in many cities uses the data of detectors installed at controlled intersections. Further, to assess the traffic situation, the data on the traffic flow rate and its concentration are compared. Latest scientific studies propose a transition from spatial to temporal concentration. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to establish the regularities of the influence of traffic flow concentration in time on traffic flow rate at controlled city intersections. The methodological basis of this study was a systemic approach. Theoretical and experimental studies were based on the existing provisions of system analysis, traffic flow theory, experiment planning, impulses, probabilities, and mathematical statistics. Experimental data were obtained and processed using modern equipment and software: Traficam video detectors, SPECTR traffic light controller, Traficam Data Tool, SPECTR 2.0, AutoCad 2017, and STATISTICA 10. In the course of this study, the authors analyzed the dynamics of changes in the level of motorization, the structure of the motor vehicle fleet, and the dynamics of changes in the number of controlled intersections. As a result of theoretical studies, a hypothesis was put forward that the investigated process is described by a two-factor quadratic multiplicative model. Experimental studies determined the parameters of the developed model depending on the directions of traffic flow, and confirmed its adequacy according to Fisher’s criterion with a probability of at least 0.9. The results obtained can be used to control traffic flows at controlled city intersections.

The article states that the traditional model of economic growth of metallurgy due to the export of energy-intensive products no longer works, new impulses and effective tools are needed to transform the current model of economic growth to the latest model – the model of low-carbon production. Emphasis is placed on the importance of ESG-investment in the process of transformation to a low-carbon economy and its impact on the competitiveness of enterprises. It is substantiated that the introduction of ESG-investment requires the formation of a certain regulatory environment, and accordingly to clarify the substantive component of this concept and its operationalization, bringing the concept to a form that will work with it on a practical level, operate it in solving specific analytical and forecasting tasks, verify or refute research hypotheses. The author’s definition of ESG investing is proposed as an investment aimed at minimizing ESG risks, reducing environmental pollution to levels that do not harm human health and natural ecosystems, as well as strengthening social responsibility and improving corporate governance. It is substantiated that Ukraine’s delay in ratifying international regulations on the introduction of ESG-investing and ignoring the world experience in creating a regulatory environment for investing in ESG-principles threatens metallurgical enterprises with the loss of investors and, accordingly, competitive positions in the global metal market. Using specific examples from world experience, the need to recognize the standardization of reporting on the impact of business on climate and environment, one of the priority issues in the formation of the regulatory environment of ESG-investment. An arsenal of effective measures for the formation of the regulatory environment of ESG-investment, the introduction of which in domestic practice will allow to make effective and optimal management decisions to maintain the position of domestic metallurgical enterprises in the TOP-10 leading countries in metal production.

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук (доктора філософії) зі спеціальності 05.14.02 – Електричні станції, мережі і системи. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2018. Дисертація присвячена розв'язанню актуальної науково-прикладної задачі у галузі релейного захисту елементів електроенергетичних систем, що полягає у підвищенні ефективності дії релейного захисту збірних шин розподільчих установок. У роботі вдосконалено метод диференційно-фазного захисту шин, згідно з яким алгоритм порівняння фаз струмів застосовано у якості єдиного засобу забезпечення абсолютно селективної дії захисту в аварійних режимах, та запроваджено групу неконфігурованих параметричних уставок захисту, що сприяє зниженню ймовірності його неселективної дії через допущені персоналом помилки, а також, за рахунок оптимізації умов пуску та спрацювання захисту, підвищується їх успішність за внутрішніх коротких замикань, що дозволяє відмовитись від застосування окремого високочутливого органу захисту. Для поліпшення експлуатаційних характеристик та усунення режимних обмежень застосування пристроїв релейного захисту шин вдосконалено метод компенсації кутових похибок насичених трансформаторів струму у диференційно-фазному захисті шин в частині забезпечення подовження логічних імпульсів напруги, сформованих із напівхвиль спотворених струмів. Обрано робочі уставки параметрів налаштування диференційно-фазного захисту шин, а саме кута блокування ±φбл=900 та рівня формування імпульсів ±ір=(40-50)%·Іамп, за яких забезпечуватиметься його надійна та селективна дія в аварійних режимах. Проведено математичне і імітаційне моделювання поведінки диференційно-фазного захисту шин та лабораторні досліди його макетного зразку, що дозволило підтвердити адекватність розробленої моделі захисту, ефективність її алгоритмів та правильність обраних робочих уставок. Виконано аналіз техніко-економічних показників застосування диференційно-фазного захисту шин, на підставі якого визначені його переваги у порівнянні з пристроями диференційного струмового захисту шин та оцінені показники економічної ефективності його впровадження та експлуатації.
Dissertation for a candidate degree (PhD) in Engineering Sciences of the speciality 05.14.02 – Electric power stations, networks and systems. – National technical university "Kharkiv polytechnic institute", Kharkiv, 2018. The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the actual scientific and practical problem in the field of relay protection of electric power systems elements, which is to increase the efficiency of relay busbar protection of switchgears. In this work, the method of phasedifferential busbar protection has been improved, according to which the currents phases comparison algorithm is applied as the sole means of providing absolutely selective protection in emergency conditions, and a group of non-configured parametric settings is introduced that reduces the probability of its non-selective operation through mistakes made by the personnel, as well as due to optimization start and trip conditions of protection operation, its performance increases at internal faults, which allows to refuse the application a high-sensitive protection relay. In order to improve the performance and eliminate the regime limitation of the use of relay protection devices, the method of compensating angular errors of saturated current transformers in the phase-differential busbar protection in the part of ensuring the extension of logic voltage impulses formed from half-waves of distorted currents is improved. The working parameters of the phase-differential busbar protection have been selected, namely the blocking angle is 900 and the impulse formation level is (40-50)%·Іamp, which will ensure its reliable and selective operation in emergency conditions. The mathematical and simulation modeling of the phasedifferential protection behavior and laboratory experiments of its model was carried out, which allowed to confirm the adequacy of the developed model of protection, the efficiency of its algorithms and the correctness of the selected working settings. There were completed analysis of technical and economic indicators of the phase-differential busbar protection using, on the basis of which were determined its advantages compared with the devices of differential busbar protection and approximate estimates of the economic efficiency of its implementation and operation.

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук (доктора філософії) зі спеціальності 05.14.02 – Електричні станції, мережі і системи. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2018. Дисертація присвячена розв'язанню актуальної науково-прикладної задачі у галузі релейного захисту елементів електроенергетичних систем, що полягає у підвищенні ефективності дії релейного захисту збірних шин розподільчих установок. У роботі вдосконалено метод диференційно-фазного захисту шин, згідно з яким алгоритм порівняння фаз струмів застосовано у якості єдиного засобу забезпечення абсолютно селективної дії захисту в аварійних режимах, та запроваджено групу неконфігурованих параметричних уставок захисту, що сприяє зниженню ймовірності його неселективної дії через допущені персоналом помилки, а також, за рахунок оптимізації умов пуску та спрацювання захисту, підвищується їх успішність за внутрішніх коротких замикань, що дозволяє відмовитись від застосування окремого високочутливого органу захисту. Для поліпшення експлуатаційних характеристик та усунення режимних обмежень застосування пристроїв релейного захисту шин вдосконалено метод компенсації кутових похибок насичених трансформаторів струму у диференційно-фазному захисті шин в частині забезпечення подовження логічних імпульсів напруги, сформованих із напівхвиль спотворених струмів. Обрано робочі уставки параметрів налаштування диференційно-фазного захисту шин, а саме кута блокування ±φбл=900 та рівня формування імпульсів ±ір=(40-50)%·Іамп, за яких забезпечуватиметься його надійна та селективна дія в аварійних режимах. Проведено математичне і імітаційне моделювання поведінки диференційно-фазного захисту шин та лабораторні досліди його макетного зразку, що дозволило підтвердити адекватність розробленої моделі захисту, ефективність її алгоритмів та правильність обраних робочих уставок. Виконано аналіз техніко-економічних показників застосування диференційно-фазного захисту шин, на підставі якого визначені його переваги у порівнянні з пристроями диференційного струмового захисту шин та оцінені показники економічної ефективності його впровадження та експлуатації.
Dissertation for a candidate degree (PhD) in Engineering Sciences of the speciality 05.14.02 – Electric power stations, networks and systems. – National technical university "Kharkiv polytechnic institute", Kharkiv, 2018. The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the actual scientific and practical problem in the field of relay protection of electric power systems elements, which is to increase the efficiency of relay busbar protection of switchgears. In this work, the method of phasedifferential busbar protection has been improved, according to which the currents phases comparison algorithm is applied as the sole means of providing absolutely selective protection in emergency conditions, and a group of non-configured parametric settings is introduced that reduces the probability of its non-selective operation through mistakes made by the personnel, as well as due to optimization start and trip conditions of protection operation, its performance increases at internal faults, which allows to refuse the application a high-sensitive protection relay. In order to improve the performance and eliminate the regime limitation of the use of relay protection devices, the method of compensating angular errors of saturated current transformers in the phase-differential busbar protection in the part of ensuring the extension of logic voltage impulses formed from half-waves of distorted currents is improved. The working parameters of the phase-differential busbar protection have been selected, namely the blocking angle is 900 and the impulse formation level is (40-50)%·Іamp, which will ensure its reliable and selective operation in emergency conditions. The mathematical and simulation modeling of the phasedifferential protection behavior and laboratory experiments of its model was carried out, which allowed to confirm the adequacy of the developed model of protection, the efficiency of its algorithms and the correctness of the selected working settings. There were completed analysis of technical and economic indicators of the phase-differential busbar protection using, on the basis of which were determined its advantages compared with the devices of differential busbar protection and approximate estimates of the economic efficiency of its implementation and operation.

Dostoevsky’s early works are normally excluded from the field that concurs to form the image of his theological system. Conversely, the aim of the present chapter is to “rehabilitate” this early period and find its place within the overall picture of Dostoevsky’s https://doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0663-5-267-304 © 2021. Tatiana G. Magaril-Il’iaeva 268 Татьяна Магарил-Ильяева theology; this will be achieved, not by considering the different works separately, but rather through the disclosure of their common spiritual worldview which was developed by the author at that time. The research analyses the reasons why the ontological level of Dostoevsky’s early works is so difficult to read, especially when compared with the mature novels. The essay describes the spiritual context where the formation of young Dostoevsky took place and identifies in it the most important impulses that influenced the future writer. Starting from an analysis of the 1930s correspondence between Dostoevsky and his brother the work raises questions about the destiny of man in a world where spiritual and material elements are present on radically unequal terms, about the correlation between the earthly and the divine dimension, about the manifestation of a spirit which is constrained in matter, and about the possibility of knowing God in the reality at man’s disposal. Furthermore, all these questions are situated within the philosophical and mystical context of that time. The final part of the research shows how the spiritual quests through which Dostoevsky underwent at young age transformed into art during 1840s, thus becoming instruments for the spiritual transformation of man.

The importance of World War I as a watershed in twentieth-century American history has long been recognized, and recent studies agree that that interpretation applies to higher education and to American Catholic history. Not surprisingly, it also applies to the development of Catholic higher education. The war did not in itself revolutionize that activity, but by reinforcing and accelerating tendencies already at work it closed the door on one epoch and set the stage for another. The decisive difference between the two eras was that the war settled in favor of the modernizing reformers the debate over the organizational issues discussed in Chapter 2. This came about because efforts to rationalize Catholic higher education were swept along in what David M. Kennedy has called “the great war-forced march toward a better articulated structuring of American life.” Coming after two decades of industrial consolidation and in the midst of a craze for “efficiency,” wartime mobilization brought the movement for planning and control to an unprecedented level of intensity. “Czars” were appointed, or national commissions established, to supervise industrial production, agriculture and food distribution, fuel supplies, labor, the railroads, and shipping. Mobilization of opinion was entrusted to the Committee on Public Information, which reached into every corner of the land, including the schools. This was all carried on at a high pitch of patriotism; the same emotion, along with the felt need to keep pace with ongoing changes, led to the creation of many voluntary agencies of coordination, such as the American Council on Education and the National Research Council, to mention two quite important for higher education. By far the most important result of this impulse among American Catholics was formation in 1917 of the National Catholic War Council and its transformation after the war into a permanent organization called the National Catholic Welfare Conference (both of which used the initials NCWC). Scholars have only recently begun to unravel the complexities of this story, but their work makes clear that, precisely because the NCWC represented so important a step toward centralization, its formation aroused fierce opposition from Catholics fearful of encroachments on their own freedom of action.