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Books on the topic 'Impulse circuits'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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author, Wang Xiao, and Dokania Rajeev author, eds. Design of ultra-low power impulse radios. New York: Springer, 2013.

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McBride, David Iain. Air blast circuit breaker impulse noise: The role of audiometry in risk assessment of industrial noise. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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Watola, David Adam. Autoadaptive artificial impulse neural networks for pattern classification. 1991.

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Oren, Joel A. Design of an asynchronous third-order finite impulse response filter. 1994.

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Dokania, Rajeev, Xiao Wang, and Alyssa Apsel. Design of Ultra-Low Power Impulse Radios. Springer New York, 2016.

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Lee, Royce, Jennifer R. Fanning, and Emil F. Coccaro. The Clinical Neuroscience of Impulsive Aggression. Edited by Christian Schmahl, K. Luan Phan, Robert O. Friedel, and Larry J. Siever. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199362318.003.0008.

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Aggression can be categorized into three subtypes: premeditated aggression, frustration-related aggression, and impulsive aggression (IA), which is the focus of this chapter. It first delineates the social information processing model of IA and its neurobiological underpinnings, with a special focus on ventral prefrontal-amygdala, frontostriatal, and frontoparietal circuits. In these circuits, structural as well as functional alterations have been associated with IA. A large body of basic and clinical research has examined the role of neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA) and neuromodulators (monoamines and neuropeptides) in mediating IA. The important role of the monoamines dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine in the mediation of different aspects of IA and the pharmacological potential resulting from these alterations are depicted in the second half of the chapter. The chapter concludes with an overview of the most important etiological factors.

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Padhi, Ashwini K., Ali M. Mehdi, Kevin J. Craig, and Naomi A. Fineberg. Current Classification of Impulse Control Disorders: Neurocognitive and Behavioral Models of Impulsivity and the Role of Personality. Edited by Jon E. Grant and Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0017.

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Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are common disabling disorders that have impulsive behavior as a core feature. They emerge early in life and run a chronic lifelong course. They are assumed to lie at the severest end of a continuum of impulsivity that connects normal with pathological states. People with ICDs experience a drive to undertake repetitive acts. Although the consequences are damaging, performance of the impulsive act may be experienced as rewarding, or alternatively may relieve distress, implicating dysfunction of the neural circuitry involved in reward processing and/or behavioral inhibition. Clinical data are increasingly pointing toward an etiological association between some ICDs, such as pathological gambling and addiction, and others, such as trichotillomania and compulsive disorders. Comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders is also common, and hints at overlapping psychobiological processes across several diagnostic groups. The results of neurocognitive studies suggest that impulsivity is multidimensional and comprises dissociable cognitive and behavioral indices governed by separate underlying neural mechanisms. For example, trichotillomania may primarily involve motor impulsivity, whereas problem gambling may involve reward impulsivity and reflection impulsivity. Exploring neurocognitive changes in individuals with ICDs and other mental disorders characterized by poor impulse control, and among their family members, may help to elucidate the underpinning neurocircuitry and clarify their nosological status.

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Fanning, Jennifer R., and Emil F. Coccaro. Neurobiology of Impulsive Aggression. Edited by Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.24.

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Aggression is a behavior with evolutionary origins, but in today’s society it’s often both destructive and maladaptive. The fact that aggression has a strong basis in biological factors has long been apparent from case histories of traumatic brain damage. Research over the past several decades has confirmed the involvement of neurotransmitter function and abnormalities in brain structure and function in aggressive behavior. This research has centered around the “serotonin hypothesis” and on dysfunction in prefrontal brain regions. As this literature continues to grow, guided by preclinical research and aided by the application of increasingly sophisticated neuroimaging methodology, a more complex picture has emerged, implicating diverse neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems (e.g., glutamate, vasopressin, and oxytocin) and neural circuits. As the current pharmacological and therapeutic interventions are effective but imperfect, it is hoped that new insights into the neurobiology of aggression will reveal novel avenues for treatment of this destructive and costly behavior.

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Jones, Michael, Norman Qureshi, and Kim Rajappan. Atrial flutter. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0117.

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Atrial flutter is the term given to one of the four types of supraventricular tachycardia; in it, atrial activation occurs as a consequence of a continuous ‘short circuit’: a defined and fixed anatomical route, resulting in a fairly uniform atrial rate, and uniform atrial flutter waves on the ECG. The ventricles are not a part of this arrhythmia circuit, and ventricular activation is variable, dependent on atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction. Given that the atrial rate is essentially uniform (e.g. 300 min−1), ventricular activation tends to be regular (i.e. 150 min−1, 100 min−1, 75 min−1, etc., if the atrial rate is 300 mins−1), or regularly irregular if changes are occurring in the fraction of conducted impulses to the ventricles. When AV nodal conduction permits only 4:1 conduction or less, atrial flutter is usually obvious, but when ventricular rates are higher (150 min−1 or more) the flutter waves can be obscured by the QRS complexes, making diagnosis more difficult. Atrial flutter is of two types, typical and atypical. Typical atrial flutter is a right atrial tachycardia, with electrical activation proceeding around the tricuspid valve annulus. This arrhythmia is dependent on a zone of slow electrical conduction through the cavotricuspid isthmus (the tissue lying between the origin of the inferior vena cava and the posterior tricuspid valve). The resulting circuit can be either anticlockwise (activation proceeds up the inter-atrial septum, across the atrial roof, down the free wall, and then through the cavotricuspid isthmus to the basal septum) or clockwise (down the inter-atrial septum and around the circuit in the opposite direction). Anticlockwise typical atrial flutter is more common. Atypical atrial flutter refers to all other atrial flutters, and this includes other right atrial flutters (e.g. pericristal flutter), left atrial flutters, post-ablation or post-surgical flutters, and pulmonary vein flutters. The feature common to all types of flutter and which differentiates flutter from other types of supraventricular tachycardia is the presence of a macro-re-entrant anatomical circuit around which the electrical impulse travels continuously and repeatedly, thereby generating the flutter. Even though typical atrial flutter has a fairly obvious and specific appearance on the ECG, atypical flutters do not, and often it is only possible to differentiate atypical flutter from atrial tachycardias by invasive electrophysiology studies, as the ECG alone may be insufficient.

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Hogh-Olesen, Henrik. Art and the Brain’s Reward System. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927929.003.0008.

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Chapter 7 takes the investigation of the aesthetic impulse into the human brain to understand, first, why only we—and not our closest relatives among the primates—express ourselves aesthetically; and second, how the brain reacts when presented with aesthetic material. Brain scans are less useful when you are interested in the Why of aesthetic behavior rather than the How. Nevertheless, some brain studies have been ground-breaking, and neuroaesthetics offers a pivotal argument for the key function of the aesthetic impulse in human lives; it shows us that the brain’s reward circuit is activated when we are presented with aesthetic objects and stimuli. For why reward a perception or an activity that is evolutionarily useless and worthless in relation to human existence?

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Impulsnye protsessy v mekhanike sploshnykh sred: Tezysy dokladov I nauchnoi shkoly, sentiabr, 1994. In-t Impulsnykh protsessov i tekhnologii, 1994.

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Buckholtz, Joshua W., and Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg. Genetic Perspectives on the Neurochemistry of Human Aggression and Violence. Edited by Turhan Canli. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199753888.013.009.

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Violence is a devastating social phenomenon that is costly both to affected individuals and to society at large. Pathological aggression, especially reactive/impulsive aggression, is a cardinal symptom common to several psychiatric disorders—including antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, and psychopathy—that are associated with risk for violence. Thus, understanding the factors that predispose people to impulsive violence represents a crucial goal for psychology, neuroscience, and psychiatry. Although we are far from a full understanding of the etiopathophysiology of violence, impulsive aggression is heritable, suggesting that genetic mechanisms may be important for determining individual variation in susceptibility. This chapter synthesizes available preclinical and human data to propose a compelling neurogenetic mechanism for violence, specifically arguing that a genetically determined excess in serotonin signaling during a critical developmental period leads to dysregulation within a key corticolimbic circuit for emotional arousal and regulation, inhibitory control, and social cognition.

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Heitzeg, Mary M., and B. J. Casey. Brain Development and the Risk for Substance Abuse. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0047.

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Addiction affects millions of people each year in the United States, with adolescence being a particularly vulnerable period of risk. This chapter provides an overview of recent human imaging and animal studies of adolescent brain development to further elucidate who may be most at risk for developing a substance abuse problem and when they may be most vulnerable. Emphasis on how brain circuitry underlying impulse control and sensitivity to rewards changes across development and how individual variation in this development may contribute to risk for addiction are highlighted. Understanding risk factors and how they change with exposure across development may enhance early detection, management, treatment, and ultimately prevention of substance use disorders.

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Ng, Wing Chung. The Cultural Politics of Theater Reform. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039119.003.0005.

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This chapter seeks to place the cultural debates surrounding Cantonese opera in a broader context by examining the various impulses for reform and delineating their outcomes. Against the backdrop of the May Fourth Movement, as political leaders adopted modernist projects to remake the country and intellectuals sought progress via the transformative vehicles of literature and art, Cantonese opera was deemed ineffectual and its practitioners unworthy. The pressure was on for Cantonese opera to come to its own defense. With the troupes on the city circuits taking the lead, the Cantonese stage evolved through trial and adaptation. In the eyes of many, this seemingly inexhaustible capacity to incorporate novelties proved the genre's vitality in the urban arena. However, critics decried the same as mere symptoms of the immaturity of the art form, the shallowness of its performers, and the underlying vulgarity of a commercialized entertainment catering to the lowest tastes of the masses.

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Warnes, Andrew. How the Shopping Cart Explains Global Consumerism. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520295285.001.0001.

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The book argues that the invention and popularization of the shopping cart from the 1940s onward provided the final link in the chain for the new system of industrialized food flow. First in the United States and then around the world, these carts enabled supermarkets to move their goods even faster off their shelves—in a sense, completing the revolution in mechanized farming, electric refrigeration, and road distribution that had occurred during the 1930s. Yet the cart, a basic machine among modernity’s new systems, also recast the work of food shopping in ways that attracted ambivalence and unease. In urging customers to buy all their groceries at once, it radically accelerated the consumerist experience of self-service, creating a new mode of accelerated shopping on impulse that often felt, ironically, far from “convenient.” Above all, as a host of U.S. cultural responses have suggested, the sheer uniformity of the shopping cart has unsettled the individualistic rhetoric of the supermarket industry. Increasingly omnipresent in online shopping, its basic form, defined as a void waiting to be filled, uncomfortably reveals the parallels that exist between human and nonhuman participants in the modern circuit of food flow.

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Di Palma, Carolina. Bio-lencia. Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (EDULP), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35537/10915/61266.

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La bio-lencia establece un registro doble de la vida, como subjetividad o narrativa de verdad y como realidad biológica en tanto existencia. No es una teoría general de la vida, sino por el contrario, es una forma de localizar lo viviente como estrategia de resistencia alegre. La microbiopolítica es esta lógica de gobierno de la vida a nivel molecular. Esto implica nuevas nociones de lo viviente, la salud, y la enfermedad, que asignan nuevo valor a la vida. La molecularización ha hecho de la vida un objeto de apropiación de generación de valor en una nueva economía de lo viviente. En ese sentido, la bio-lencia es un ejercicio de “prestar el oído” y “escuchar la vida”, no como diagnóstico médico (que opera como la sanción judicial), sino como expresión de una fuerza vital montada en un complejo dispositivo tecnológico que se resiste rizomáticamente a adaptarse a los circuitos informáticos de la lógica maquínica que controla la vida. La resistencia alegre es un ejercicio de soberanía situado. Una excepción que opera en el umbral que separa el adentro y afuera del orden de la vida establecida. La resistencia alegre –para ponerlo en términos termodinámicos– no es una fuerza que se opone en sentido contrario al poder, intentando detener su avance, sino diagonal, aprovechando ese mismo poder para impulsar la vida en nuevas direcciones.

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