Relevant bibliographies by topics / Improvement of management of international activity

Academic literature on the topic 'Improvement of management of international activity'

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Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Improvement of management of international activity"

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Fedotova, Yu, M. Volkova, M. Naumov, T. Burmaka, and D. Serogina. "FEATURES OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 3, no. 38 (June 30, 2021): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v3i38.237467.

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Abstract. The article identifies the features of financial management in international economic activity in terms of limiting economic relations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. It is clear that the current state of the economy requires the spread of international economic activity at both macro and micro levels, as only provided that the integrated system of economic relations between the national economies of different countries and the benefits of international cooperation, it is possible to avoid economic and social problems associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. It is noted that Ukraine’s active participation in world economic processes requires economy. In turn, the transformation processes in Ukraine require a clear coordination of actions in all areas and parts of the financial system, which is the conceptual basis of a new model of economic and social development of the state. Such a model should combine the constant improvement of the welfare of society and every citizen and the formation of a competitive national economy in Ukraine, which would be organically integrated into global economic processes and take a worthy place in them. It is determined that Ukraine’s international economic activity has a very great potential in the development of economic relations, despite the existing problems, the solution of which is the key to future success in the development of trade in the international market. A SWOT-analysis of Ukraine’s international economic activity was conducted, which revealed trends in the development of foreign economic activity. The financial mechanism of development of the international economic activity (IEC) which is an element of management and the regulator of foreign economic relations is offered. The concept of IEC financial management is proposed, which substantiates the purpose and main tasks, which are specified at the micro and macro levels. It is concluded that many problems of financial management in international economic activity should be addressed primarily at the macro level, i.e. public institutions. Keywords: financial management, international economic activity, financial mechanism, concept. JEL Classіfіcatіon F30, G20 Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 10.
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Kostynets, Yuliia, Kateryna Yarema, and Emin Mamedov. "ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF INSURANCE COMPANY ACTIVITY." Actual Problems of Economics 1, no. 232 (2020): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32752/1993-6788-2020-1-232-95-104.

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The article is devoted to modeling the economic efficiency of the enterprise. The essence of the concepts "effect", "efficiency" and their interrelation are defined in the work, the regulation of efficiency of insurance services is investigated; features of management of efficiency of insurance services and methodical approaches to an estimation are studied; the analysis and assessment of management of efficiency of the international insurance operations on an example of the insurance company is carried out and the directions of improvement of management of efficiency of insurance operations are defined.
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Bo, Wang, and Zbigniew Ścibiorek. "A manager in the times of international management." Logistics and Transport, no. 2 (2021): 151–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26411/83-1734-2015-2-51-2-21.

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Globalization processes and internationalization of business activities have an impact on management issues. Conducting business activity in the supra-national dimension forces the need for a different view of perceiving a number of phenomena. These issues are strongly emphasized by the authors in their article. They emphasize not only the complexity of the process of making managerial decisions, but also the need, even the necessity, of continuous improvement of competences by persons holding managerial functions. The study emphasizes the necessity of analysing the environment, as well as forecasting the development of the situation, especially in the longer term. In the presented description, the authors go beyond the conventional description, adding new issues and threads, emphasizing in particular the growing role of human capital in managing organizations, and - which has not been clearly emphasized - their deliberations focus on the European economic area.
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OGAKI, MITSUHARU, KOJI YOSHIZUMI, JUNKO MOTONAKA, TOMOKI YABUTANI, YUMI NAKAMOTO, RODICA STANESCU, and MARINELA PLESCA. "STUDIES ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT IN ROMANIA." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2006): 4243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206041161.

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In Romania, the communist planned economy system was in place for 42 years but ended due to a revolution in 1989. An environmental administration was started 1990. In order to assist with environment related activities, one of the authors worked in Bucharest for two years from March 2002 to March 2004 as a JICA (Japan International Cooperation Activity) member. One of the most important problems regarding environmental protection in Romania is waste management. In Japan, the regulations and penalties system of waste management have been used for a long time. However, there are many serious problems with the system, such as a decrease in waste disposal facilities and illegally disposed waste. The authors studied a new plan that uses a certification system in order to promote recycling industries. This system is both efficient and inexpensive so it is possible that this method of waste management could be transmitted to Romania.
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Tkachenko, Kateryna. "INSURANCE MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT." Economic Analysis, no. 31(3) (2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2021.03.097.

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Introduction. The insurance market of Ukraine in recent years has been operating in the face of many challenges that require insurance companies to effectively use insurance management tools and their continuous improvement. The insurance market of Ukraine is directly affected by the macroeconomic situation and the slowdown in economic activity in 2020-2021, which led to a reduction in the assets of insurers, reducing their number and frequent violations by insurers of capital adequacy and solvency. Further development of the insurance market of Ukraine is possible only if the development of insurance management and improvement of its tools. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess the effectiveness of insurance management tools and justify areas for improvement. Method (methodology). In the process of research such methods were used as logical, which allowed to analyze scientific works and generalize a set of tools of insurance management; analytical, which was used to analyze the use of insurance management tools such as reinsurance, insurance reserves, standards for investing insurance reserves according to the National Bank of Ukraine in 2020-2021; tabular and graphical, which allowed to interpret the results of the analysis in a visual form. Results. Insurance companies to ensure a sufficient level of profitability of insurance operations, increase the market value of the insurance company, as well as timely and full fulfillment of obligations to policyholders and other economic agents form in accordance with current legislation strategy and tactics of insurance management based on specific tools: reinsurance , creation of reserve funds, diversification, rationing. The use of insurance management tools should be improved in the direction of harmonization of domestic legislation in accordance with the requirements of the European Union and international regulatory practices, as well as to adapt to domestic economic and social realities the best practices of insurance management.
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Milova, V. M., N. V. Milova, and P. V. Niculina. "PROCESS IMPROVEMENT OF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT BASED ON TECHNOLOGIES OF PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT." Issues of radio electronics 1, no. 7 (July 11, 2019): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2019-7-128-132.

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In connection with the onset of the fourth industrial revolution, the transformation of the external and internal conditions of the enterprise increases, which forces the enterprise to increase the efficiency of processes, including through their automation. An important role in this problem is played by design activity, which determines the timeliness of the output of products to the market, quality planning and production processes, and this is a significant contribution to the economic efficiency of the enterprise. This article is devoted to the improvement of processes as one of the tools to improve the performance of the organization. On the example of improving the process of Engineering Change Management of a large international company engaged in the production of household appliances, a Process improvement technique was developed and a key performance indicator (KPI) was developed, which allows to assess the effectiveness of the developed methodology. The proposed practical experience can serve as a basis for the implementation of technical improvements in the business processes of the organization and the assessment of these changes.
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Iwao, Shumpei, and Mihail Marinov. "Linking continuous improvement to manufacturing performance." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 5 (July 2, 2018): 1319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-06-2015-0061.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine factors that inhibit and facilitate the contribution of continuous improvement activities to advance performance in “lean” factories. Design/methodology/approach From the perspective of the routine dynamics theory, this paper considers the possibility of changes in the standard operating procedures (SOPs) made in the course of continuous improvement activities being ignored by employees. This paper builds a hypothesis predicting that firms where employees ignore changes in the SOP cannot achieve the intended improvement effect of these changes. This hypothesis is confirmed with comparative case studies of Toyota and Matsuo. Findings At Toyota there is an incentive to perform operations according to the SOP, while at Matsuo this incentive is not present. This difference means that process improvement activities at Toyota generate changes in manufacturing operations, while at Matsuo, although the SOP has been changed, workers continue to perform operations according to the old SOP and fail to advance performance. This paper argues that the presence/absence of an incentive to perform operations according to the SOP is dependent on whether the responsibility of the performance lies with the SOPs or employees. Additionally, this paper finds that the SOP not only limits employees’ creativities but also supports creative activities for the development of continuous improvement as an organizational activity. Research limitations/implications The generalization of our findings requires statistical support for which an extensive subsequent sampling survey including non-Japanese firms is necessary. Originality/value This study makes a new suggestion regarding the theory of routine dynamics and the fields of operations management: adequate management of consistency between the three aspects (material, ostensive and performative) of organizational routines is important for lean manufacturing.
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Zaloznova, Yuliya, and Nataliia Trushkina. "Management of logistic activities as a mechanism for providing sustainable development of enterprises in the digital economy." Virtual Economics 2, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34021/ve.2019.02.01(4).

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In today’s conditions of dynamic development, the digital economy actualizes the problems of management of logistic activities of enterprises, among which there are the problems of the effective use of material resources, improvement of management of warehouse economy, production and commodity stocks, transport streams and marketing activity and improvement of quality of logistic service. Comparative analysis of dynamics of the indicators of logistic activity of business entities in Ukraine and the EU countries is performed. Features are investigated and modern trends in the development of logistic activities of Ukrainian enterprises are determined. It is established that there are many risks on organization of logistic activities of enterprises that are conditionally classified into 2 groups: exogenous (political, institutional, market, financial, environmental) and endogenous (associated with the processes of logistics, inventory formation, economic, transport, marketing, informational). International experience of strategic management of logistic activities of enterprises is analyzed and summarized. Strategic lines of improvement of management of logistic activities of enterprises are defined, taking into account best international practices, which include logistics management, inventory management, process management, customer service, managing sales activity, pricing improvement, formation of transport-logistic system, information support of the process of the logistic activities through the use of modern digital technologies and logistic concepts. Implementation of the above-mentioned measures will help to increase the level of competitiveness and sustainable development of business entities as a result of reducing the cost of organizing the logistic activities of enterprises. Minimizing the risks and losses from the acquisition of low-quality material resources, downtime of transport, late delivery of products to consumers and payment for shipped products.
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Vergara-Romero, Arnaldo, and Rafael Sorhegui-Ortega. "Local development factors from the organizational management perspective." Revista Amazonia Investiga 9, no. 33 (October 19, 2020): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2020.33.09.5.

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The evolution of local development, as a strategic axis for the development of a country, is the first component involved in the political speech and in regulatory protocols in the Ecuadorian territory, which has signed agreements with international multilateral organizations. The following article analyzes the social factors of local community formation as a social system and the management of the authorities of such community. As conclusion, it is indispensable the improvement of the local government system, the development of the studied resources and the opportunities to support social activity.
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Sukhonos, Victor, Inna Makarenko, Yulia Serpeninova, Oksana Drebot, and Yoshihiko Okabe. "Patterns of corporate social responsibility of Ukrainian companies: clustering and improvement strategies for responsible activities." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 2 (June 11, 2019): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(2).2019.28.

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The variability of companies stakeholders’ engagement forms, communication channels, approaches to disclosure of companies’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) and strategies for CSR achievement cause the formation of benchmarks – patterns of responsible behavior of these companies. Determination of companies’ CSR patterns plays is a ground of (plays a role or is a ground of) improving their strategies for responsible activities. These patterns were highlighted on the basis of comprehensive three-component indicator that illustrates the combination of parameters: models of companies’ communication with stakeholders, approaches to the disclosure of information on CSR and strategies for incorporating CSR and Sustainable Development Goals. Positioning of 22 Ukrainian companies for the period 2005–2017 was made. Results of positioning allowed to determine such clusters of the companies in accordance with the pattern of responsible behavior as А – innovators, B – leaders, C – pursuer, D – followers, E – starters, F – outsiders; to develop the measures on the improvement of their CSR activity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Improvement of management of international activity"

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Юденко, Аліна Віталіївна. "Організаційне забезпечення міжнародної діяльності підприємства." Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/30476.

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Магістерська дисертація Юденко Аліни Віталіївни на тему: «Організаційне забезпечення міжнародної діяльності підприємства виконана з метою підвищення стабільності його діяльності, 073 напрям підготовки «Менеджмент міжнародного бізнесу», Національний технічний університет України «КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського», 2019, Київ. Дипломна робота складається зі вступу, 3 розділів, загальних висновків, додатків. Робота виконана в обсязі 128 сторінок, містить 34 рисунків, 24 таблиць та 11 додатків. Метою дипломнї роботи є обґрунтування організаційного забезпечення міжнародної діяльності підприємства ТОВ «Агротехсоюз» з метою підвищення стабільності його діяльності. Об’єктом дослідження є процеси планування, організації, координації, контролю формування і реалізації управління міжнародної діяльності на підприємстві. Предметом дослідження є сукупність теоретичних, методичних і практичних підходів до розробки та реалізації ефективного управління міжнародної діяльності на ТОВ «Агротехсоюз». Для проведення дослідження, напрямів вдосконалення та обґрунтування шляхів удосконалення управління міжнародною діяльністю ТОВ «Агротехсоюз» в роботі використані діалектичний, статистичний методи, метод графічного та логічного аналізу, розрахунково–аналітичний, порівняльний, економіко– математичного моделювання та прогнозування, методи сучасних комп’ютерних технологій обробки економічної інформації, зокрема, пакет прикладних програм Microsoft Excel, Statistica. Розроблені в магістерській дисертації на здобуття ступеня магістра рекомендації та пропозиції щодо забезпечення розвитку міжнародної діяльності підприємства були представлені на розгляд ради директорів ТОВ «Агротехсоюз», де було визнано можливість практичного застосування в майбутньому окремих заходів та пропозицій щодо вдосконалення процесу управління міжнародною діяльністю ТОВ «Агротехсоюз» шляхом створення відділу ЗЕД на підприємстві; створення власного митного ліцензійного складу та долучення до програми фінансування «Coface» .
Master's Thesis of Yudenko Alina Vitaliivna on the theme: "Organizational support of the international activity of the enterprise is made in order to increase the stability of its activity, 073 direction of preparation" Management of International Business ", National Technical University of Ukraine" KPI them. Igor Sikorsky ”, 2019, Kyiv. The thesis consists of introduction, 3 sections, general conclusions, applications. The work is done in a volume of 128 pages, contains 34 figures, 24 tables and 11 applications. The purpose of the diploma thesis is to substantiate the organizational support of the international activity of the enterprise of Agrotechsoyuz LLC in order to increase the stability of its activity. The object of study is the processes of planning, organizing, coordinating, controlling the formation and implementation of management of international activity in the enterprise. The subject of the research is a set of theoretical, methodical and practical approaches to the development and implementation of effective management of international activities at Agrotechsoyuz LLC. Dialectical, statistical methods, method of graphical and logical analysis, calculation and analytical, comparative, economic and mathematical modeling were used in the research, directions of improvement and substantiation of ways of improvement of management of international activity of Agrotechsoyuz LLC. economic information processing, in particular, Microsoft Excel application software, Statistica. The paper proposes to improve the process of managing the international activities of Agrotechsoyuz LLC by establishing a foreign economic activity department at the enterprise; creation of its own customs license warehouse and joining the Hermes financing program.
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Palmer, Vivian Julian. "Decision making improvement by effectively utilising activity-based costing and activity-based management tools." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1152.

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The aim of this study was to suggest ways to effectively utilise Activity-Based Costing and Activity-Based Managment within Eskom Transmission Southern Grid to improve decision making towards improved business and financial performance. The ultimate purpose was to assist managers and staff to implement ABC and ABM effectively for improved business and financial performance. The focus was on the following objective: To suggest ways to effectively utilise ABC & ABM within Eskom Transmission Southern Grid as to improve decision making and business financial performance. Given the selection of management tools available, instruments such as ABC and ABM are usually not implemented alone, but may be supported by one or more approaches. For this reason ABC and ABM are contrasted with several other popular instruments mentioned in the literature. The instruments are: • The value chain; • Continuous improvement; • The theory of constraints; and • Total quality management. Insight will be given to provide managers with more accurate information regarding maintenance for the Grid and tools in identifying critical bottlenecks. By applying the TOC, TQM and continuous improvement strategies, managers will be able to make improved decisions, leading to improved financial performance in the Eskom Transmission Southern Grid. iii The literature study revealed that ABC and ABM prove to be the cornerstone for informed decision making. Since organisations are highly dependent on quality information to make these informed decisions, ABC and ABM reorientate the organisation towards understanding and managing work processes thus impacting financial performance positively. ABC and ABM trace the cost of activities such as engineering and procurement to how maintenance benefits from these activities. The empirical study consisted of a structured questionnaire distributed to a sample population of engineers and managers in Eskom Transmission Southern Grid in Port Elizabeth. It was aimed at gathering information about the use of ABC and ABM within the Grid. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with financial staff in the Grid and a focus group interview with engineering staff was done. The main findings of the empirical investigation revealed that management and staff lack insight into the use of ABC and ABM and how it can be integrated with existing improvement systems within the organisation. This study is concluded with a number of recommendations. These recommendations address the shortcomings and improvements that can be made to improve the utilisation of ABC and ABM within the organisation. The recommendations address the following: • Ensuring full commitment towards organisational goals and broadening the endorsement of ABC within the organisation; • Highlighting the importance of financial performance throughout the Grid; • Training of Managers, finance staff and engineers is required for proper execution of the ABC system; • Implementers need skills and know-how of the ABC and ABM system ensuring full utilisation; • The main cost drivers are identified, prioritised and efforts channelled into these activities; • Tools such as the Theory Of Constraints and Total Quality Management from the proposed model would assist the Grid in identifying the bottlenecks of a system correctly, thus know explicitly the amount of slack capacity of each activity available during a specific time period.
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Комісаренко, Наталія Олександрівна. "Management Mechanism of the International Economic Activity of a Company." Thesis, Фінансова рада України, 2017. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7490.

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Haffey, Mark K. D. "An approach, insights and methodology for performance improvement through process activity management." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438462.

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Almuharib, Tariq Mohammed. "Service quality improvement through lean management at King Khalid International Airport in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3137.

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This thesis aims at investigating the level of service at departure area of KKIA. The study further measures the perceived quality of service and passenger satisfaction in term of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy by using five steps of lean six sigma (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and Control). The study aims to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of using a lean six-sigma managerial approach to the departure area of KKIA to enhance the level of service (LOS) and customer satisfaction. The passenger flow through the airport is used to measure the quality of services. Existing studies that discuss lean six-sigma implementation in airports were evaluated. Data was collected about KKIA departure area and its LOS both before and after the lean six-sigma implementation. Additionally, a SERVQUAL questionnaire was used to evaluate pre- and post-implementation review. The questionnaire features easy-to-collect data to measuring the perceived quality of service and evaluate passenger satisfaction with the LOS in KKIA. Before the study concepts of LOS and Lean was unheard within the airport community. Initial evaluation show poor customer service and many delays (waste) within the departure are at KKIA. During the study a growing awareness of Lean and LOS showed improvements in the customers’ experience, e.g, removing the shop at the entrance, improving flow thought the airport. Concluding the study, there was a total reduction in waiting from 54.74 minutes to 34.87 minutes (35.7% reduction). Also the LOS on the IATA Performance Standard went from E (Inadequate) to C (Good). This is improvement, excellent but without continuous improvements the Airport’s LOS will reduce back as passenger numbers grow from 16 million passengers per year (up from 9.8 million in 2004), to an expected 25 million by 2025. Interesting different cultural approaches to lean management became evident during the study when compared to other implementations in Europe to the Middle East. Cultural difference will always affected the reliability of the results. However, by considering these cultural effects in answering questions and interviews, the lean implementation was still successful. As culture changes are ongoing, evaluation of the situation at KKIA is required for ongoing improvements. Best-practice for the continued improvement of ongoing lean management is suggested for the departure area at KKIA. These key strategies and best-practice approaches are useful to future implementations at other airports.
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Walsh, Susan. "The adoption and integration of transaction and relationship marketing activity, marketing management decision making/implementation and marketing management competencies, in the retail bank circumstance." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342531.

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Kovalenko, Yulia, and Kristina Nadirian. "Modern problems of management of foreign economic activity." Thesis, National aviation university, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/53438.

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Коваленко Ю. Надірян К. Сучасні проблеми управління зовнішньоекономічною діяльністю // Сучасні проблеми менеджменту: матеріали XVII Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції. – Національний авіаційний університет. – Київ, 2021. - С. 23-24
From the theoretical perspective it is important to mention that, first of all, the scientific nature of the foreign economic activity means the development of this activity in accordance with objective economic laws. Practically according to this principle, management of international business transactions involves the organization of demand and supply of its products abroad, the price level, and the ratio to costs in the exporting country. One of the main problems of management of foreign economic activity is miscalculations - the knowledge of managers of enterprises of existing theories of international trade helps them to avoid a significant part of miscalculations, and additionally, it helps reasonably predict changes in international markets. We can, also, mention that this principle is especially important in the implementation of international financial calculations, which must be based on changes in exchange rates.
З теоретичної точки зору важливо відзначити, що, перш за все, науковий характер зовнішньоекономічної діяльності означає розвиток цієї діяльності відповідно до об'єктивних економічних законів. Практично відповідно до цього принципу управління міжнародними діловими операціями передбачає організацію попиту і пропозиції своєї продукції за кордоном, рівня цін і співвідношення до витрат в країні-експортері. Однією з головних проблем управління зовнішньоекономічною діяльністю є прорахунки-знання керівниками підприємств існуючих теорій міжнародної торгівлі допомагає їм уникнути значної частини прорахунків, а також, крім того, допомагає обґрунтовано прогнозувати зміни на міжнародних ринках. Ми також можемо відзначити, що цей принцип особливо важливий при здійсненні міжнародних фінансових розрахунків, які повинні ґрунтуватися на змінах валютних курсів.
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Elenkov, Detelin S. (Detelin Serafimov). "Patterns of international business activity in an eastern European country : the case of Bulgaria." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13152.

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Moris, Francisco A. "International Trade in Research and Development Services and the Activity of MNC Subsidiaries." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3668524.

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International technology diffusion reflects global R&D production and collaboration that increasingly accompany other forms of international activity such as trade and foreign direct investment. This thesis studies country-level market flows of disembodied technology or intangibles trade. The main conceptual premise is that operations of MNC subsidiaries have a substantial effect on these market-based flows, consistent with public goods aspects of industrial knowledge and with theories on MNC R&D strategies. Extensive previous country-level work relating FDI and technology flows focuses largely on knowledge spillovers (benefits from involuntary, uncompensated knowledge flows). Further, this study considers simultaneously two types of MNC subsidiaries (foreign owned subsidiaries and overseas subsidiaries of domestic MNCs) to acknowledge the likely role of two-way FDI (measured by MNC activities) in intangibles trade. In turn, the influence of these subsidiary groupings on intangibles trade reflects varied motives of the underlying R&D investments. The predicted effects of MNC operations on intangibles trade result in hypotheses that are tested with published aggregate statistics from the U.S. balance of payments on total U.S. exports and imports in R&D services as the dependent variables.

Theoretically, the thesis introduces the concept of reverse knowledge transfer from international business research to the study of bilateral intangibles trade. More generally, the thesis contributes to the literature by integrating macro and micro perspectives useful to understand the direction and nature of disembodied technology flows. In particular, the conceptual approach is consistent with macro trade models (two-way trade and two-way FDI from new trade theory), international business research, knowledge-based and transaction costs theories of MNCs (internalization of knowledge production and transfer), and innovation theory (knowledge seeking/exploiting). Consistent with these theoretical considerations, the empirical implementation considers panel countries as both exporters/importers of intangibles and host/home countries of R&D-performing MNC subsidiaries. In turn, estimated equations use panel econometrics to relate observed heterogeneity in the geographic structure of bilateral trade with the geographic distribution of MNC operations for the two types or groupings of MNC subsidiaries.

The main conceptual premise of this study was supported by the empirical findings. In the aggregate, U.S. MNCs and foreign MNCs with U.S.-located subsidiaries appear to engage in knowledge seeking R&D investments that influence transactions captured in balance of payment statistics. At the same time, the hypotheses regarding the effect of value added operations were not sustained statistically, failing to support knowledge exploiting as conceptualized here.

International transactions in intangibles in the form of services trade have yet to be integrated in the mainstream S&T policy literature. The analysis of aggregate R&D services trade pursued in this study may complement research on industrial knowledge flows based on other S&T indicators (or levels of aggregation) thus potentially allowing monitoring and analysis of international technology diffusion earlier in the innovation cycle (e.g., before or apart from patenting), and suggests the potential of non-spillover flows as targets of international S&T policy tools, perhaps in conjunction with trade and investment policy frameworks. The study also discusses the need for enhanced and integrated domestic and international statistics on R&D and related intangibles to support future research and the design or modification of policy tools to monitor and facilitate cross-border flows of industrial knowledge.

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Merlo, Valeria [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Egger. "Essays on the impact of international taxation and bilateral treaties on multinational firm activity / Valeria Merlo. Betreuer: Peter Egger." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1020143592/34.

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Books on the topic "Improvement of management of international activity"

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Dunning, John H. Micro and macro organizational aspects of MNEs and MNE activity. Reading, England: University of Reading, Dept. of Economics, 1993.

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Brugha, Cathal M. Activity diagnosis: A procedure for pin-pointing priorities for improvement in management. Dublin: University College Dublin, Dept of Management Information Systems, 1996.

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Simon, Clarke, ed. Leading Learning: Process, Themes and Issues in International Contexts. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009.

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Boedecker, Ray F. Eleven conditions for excellence: The IBM total quality improvement process. Boston, Mass: American Institute of Management, 1989.

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International Conference on Desert Biome Management, Development and Improvement (2004 Giza, Egypt). International Conference on Desert Biome Management, Development and Improvement: 20-21 December, 2004. Giza]: Cairo University, Institute of African Research and Studies, Department on Natural Resources, 2005.

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Katherine, Kitson, ed. School development theories and strategies : an international handbook. London: Cassell, 1998.

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Lynch, Richard L. Measure up!: Yardsticks for continuous improvement. Cambridge, Mass: Brackwell Business, 1993.

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Lynch, Richard L. Measure up!: Yardsticks for continuous improvement. 2nd ed. Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell Business, 1995.

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Lynch, Richard L. Measure up!: Yardsticks for continuous improvement. Cambridge, Mass., USA: Blackwell Business, 1991.

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Agency, Canadian International Development. CIDA's policy for performance review: Working towards improvement. Ottawa: Canadian International Development Agency, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Improvement of management of international activity"

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Giel, Thomas, Rei Yamashita, Daryousch Argomand, and Kirstin Hallmann. "International sport management education." In Education in Sport and Physical Activity, 24–37. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003002666-4.

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Arpi, Bo, and Per Wejke. "‘Penetrating the fog’: activity-based costing (ABC) in three turnaround situations." In International Turnaround Management, 211–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230288850_8.

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Belson, David. "Managing a Patient Flow Improvement Project." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 429–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33636-7_15.

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Abramov, Valery, Mikhail Shilin, Igor Sikarev, Alexander Chusov, and Yaroslav Petrov. "Digitalization of Ice Waters Maritime Activity Management." In International Scientific Siberian Transport Forum TransSiberia - 2021, 1264–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96380-4_139.

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Tijms, Henk. "One-Step Improvement Ideas and Computational Aspects." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 3–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47766-4_1.

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Bhat, Chandra R., and Frank S. Koppelman. "Activity-Based Modeling of Travel Demand." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 35–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5203-1_3.

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Gudelj, Marko, Sanja Cvijanović, Marina Zizakov, Zdravko Tešić, and Bogdan Kuzmanović. "Business Process Management Improvement and a New Model for Performance Management." In Proceedings on 18th International Conference on Industrial Systems – IS’20, 535–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97947-8_70.

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García de Salamone, Inés E., and Luciana P. Di Salvo. "Interactions Between Plant Genotypes and PGPR are a Challenge for Crop Breeding and Improvement Inoculation Responses." In Microbiological Activity for Soil and Plant Health Management, 331–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2922-8_14.

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Qing, Fang, Li Luo, Ming Zhao, and Qunrong Ren. "Game Analysis and Improvement of the Medical Expenses Payment." In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management, 35–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55182-6_4.

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Antsev, V. Yu, N. A. Vitchuk, and V. V. Miroshnikov. "Management Mechanism for Continuous Improvement of Production Processes Using Quality Management Methods." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Industrial Engineering, 1249–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95630-5_131.

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Conference papers on the topic "Improvement of management of international activity"

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Semenov, Viktor P., Alexander S. Sokolitsyn, and Natalya A. Sokolitsyna. "Marketing Activity Management Improvement for Small-Series Production Enterprises." In 2018 IEEE International Conference "Quality Management, Transport and Information Security, Information Technologies" (IT&QM&IS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itmqis.2018.8525067.

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Mukaromah, Al Fiyatul. "The Improvement of Teacher’s Classroom Management Skill on Students’ Learning Activity." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icei-19.2019.66.

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Zhilyaev, Alan A., Oxana V. Islamova, and Yuri N. Voloshin. "Reengineering of Business Processes of JSC Gidrometallurg for Activity Improvement." In 2018 IEEE International Conference "Quality Management, Transport and Information Security, Information Technologies" (IT&QM&IS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itmqis.2018.8525014.

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Fabjan, Marija, Bojan Hertl, Metka Kralj, and Jozˇe Rojc. "Improvement of Institutional Radioactive Waste Management via Implementation of Environmental Management System." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16094.

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Management of institutional radioactive waste in Slovenia is one of the main processes in the management system of Agency for Radwaste Management (ARAO). The management system integrates the quality management system ISO 9001 and the environmental management system that was certified according to the standard ISO 14001:2004 in October 2007. The certificate represents a permanent commitment of ARAO to improve the environmental management system and implement environmental planning. Environmental planning includes and maintains environmental objectives and targets in all ARAO’s activities, especially in managing the institutional radioactive waste that can have potential environmental impacts and is considered as a risky activity from the public view point. We defined a general ARAO’s register of environmental aspects with seven main groups of aspects. Each aspect was evaluated according to its impacts with the help of multiple criteria and only the aspects evaluated as significant are dealt with in further environmental planning. Environmental planning was implemented in the process of managing of institutional radioactive waste. Our methodology for evaluating the significance of environmental aspects showed three significant aspects. Appropriate environmental objectives and targets were defined for these aspects in a way that they were measurable, if applicable, consistent with the ARAO’s environmental policy. It was assured that they provided adequate environmental protection measures and protection of human health, compliance with national legal requirements and international directives dealing with radioactive waste management and that the production of radioactive waste was minimized. The environmental planning is carried out annually, and each year we are looking for opportunities to minimize potential environmental impacts of our service. In this paper, ARAO’s experience with environmental planning and the realization of the objectives and targets that have already been achieved, implemented and integrated in the process of managing of institutional radioactive waste are presented. The results and the successful completion of environmental programs contribute to optimization of the management system and the quality of ARAO’s process performance. Implementation of environmental management system according to ISO 14001 increased the satisfaction of producers of institutional radioactive waste management that come from medicine, research and industry. It is also part of confidence building by our stakeholders.
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Drake, J. Andrew, Mark L. Hereth, Daniel B. Martin, Terry D. Boss, and Jeryl Mohn. "Integrity Management Continuous Improvement." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90406.

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At the end of 2010, recognizing that the baseline period for the integrity management of high consequence areas (HCAs) along natural gas transmission pipelines in the United States was nearly complete, INGAA members decided to reflect on the accomplishments of the first eight years and define where the overall integrity of systems could be improved. High profile incidents such as the one on the PG&E system in California heightened the need for such an analysis. There was a conscious decision to define a future path as the industry had done on many other occasions, and not simply wait for legislation and regulation. A Board level task force was formed to provide guidance and oversight and a technical steering team was constituted under the direction of Andy Drake of Spectra Energy. The technical steering team met for two months and defined a set of guiding principles and nine initiatives and assembled working groups to address each area. This paper will report at a high level on the completion of work and the integration of efforts. The first initiative is directed at improving the transparency by periodically and formally sharing measures of performance, and actively promoting the guidance developed by the Pipelines and Informed Planning Alliance (PIPA). A second initiative is directed at defining a path to extend integrity management principles beyond HCAs. A third initiative has been undertaken to examine how we can improve the tools applied in managing threats to integrity and analysis of data derived from the tools to address uncertainty. The PG&E incident showed us the need to define a process for evaluating records for pre-regulation pipe and managing pre-regulation pipe. While the role of hydrostatic testing is clear, the investment that has been made in making systems piggable has created the opportunity for a fourth initiative to define requirements for historical records and how in-line inspection can play a role in managing pre-regulation pipe. The focus of improving tools and evaluation techniques surfaced a need to intensify our efforts in research, development and commercialization. A fifth initiative has been undertaken to develop a road map for research, development and commercialization. In developing the guiding principles we studied other industries that have worked to define ways of improving safety performance, especially those where the cost of failure is unacceptable in the public eye. These included commercial aviation, medical, chemical and petroleum refining and nuclear. It has become clear that a focus on safety culture and ultimately application of a management system is a means of improving safety performance, and a sixth initiative has been undertaken to address the role of safety culture and more broadly management systems. A seventh initiative has been undertaken to examine ways to improve emergency response effectiveness including the use of automated valves, integrated mitigation plans and enhanced public awareness. There were a series of projects undertaken in 2009 and 2010 as an eighth initiative conducted under the auspices of the INGAA Foundation directed at improving material procurement and construction. Recognizing challenges in storage field operations and the criticality of storage in maintaining gas supply, a ninth initiative has been undertaken to clarify regulatory oversight of storage facilities.
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Hartati, Sasminta Christina Yuli, Taufiq Hidayat, Hari Wisnu, Bayu Budi Prakoso, and Suroto. "Improvement of Physical Fitness Through Management of Daily Physical Activity of Elementary School Students." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Innovative Research Across Disciplines (ICIRAD 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200115.068.

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AFONSO, PAULO SÉRGIO LIMA PEREIRA, and LUDMILA ZAMBONI DE SÁ VASCONCELLOS. "An Activity-Based Cost Model as a Decision-Making Tool for Continuous Improvement Projects." In IJCIEOM 2020 - International Joint Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. IJCIEOM 2020 - International Joint Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/ijcieom2020_full_0007_37476.

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Jin, Q., and T. T. Li. "Operation Improvement of Third-Party Logistics Enterprise Based on Activity-Based Costing Method." In ICMSS 2020: 2020 4th International Conference on Management Engineering, Software Engineering and Service Sciences. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3380625.3380655.

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Rahayu, Nur Indri, Imas Damayanti, and Yati Ruhayati. "Physical Activity Management in Female College Students: The Improvement of Health Related Fitness Through Zumba Fitness Workout." In 4th International Conference on Sport Science, Health, and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.200214.050.

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STEFĂNESCU, Cristian Alexandru, Răzvan Cătălin DOBREA, and Maria LOGHIN. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS USED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: NORWAY (Oslo) – ZANZIBAR (Zanzibar)." In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/01.19.

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As we have fully entered the 21st century our planet has gained several advancements and improvements, while at the same time reaching an unprecedent level of prosperity for most of its inhabitants. At the same time the discrepancies of development between various parts of our planet have never been more visible due to the extraordinary development of all manners of communication and information sources. One of the most visible areas in which such discrepancies are hard to be ignored, due to its far-reaching impact is the management of waste products namely the waste produced by the daily activity of the population – municipal waste. There are countries which have implemented management systems which result in a net minus quantity of waste – meaning that that specific country imports waste in order to utilize it for its own industries and there are countries which have become storage facilities for the waste generated by other countries. This study has as main purpose a comparison of the systems in such countries from the most developed ones to the ones which are currently the least developed in this area, by taking a look at what the largest waste management companies in Zanzibar and Norway are doing and analyzing their strong and weak point while providing solutions for improvement.
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Reports on the topic "Improvement of management of international activity"

1

Desiderati, Christopher. Carli Creek Regional Water Quality Project: Assessing Water Quality Improvement at an Urban Stormwater Constructed Wetland. Portland State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.78.

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Stormwater management is an ongoing challenge in the United States and the world at-large. As state and municipal agencies grapple with conflicting interests like encouraging land development, complying with permits to control stormwater discharges, “urban stream syndrome” effects, and charges to steward natural resources for the long-term, some agencies may turn to constructed wetlands (CWs) as aesthetically pleasing and functional natural analogs for attenuating pollution delivered by stormwater runoff to rivers and streams. Constructed wetlands retain pollutants via common physical, physicochemical, and biological principles such as settling, adsorption, or plant and algae uptake. The efficacy of constructed wetlands for pollutant attenuation varies depending on many factors such as flow rate, pollutant loading, maintenance practices, and design features. In 2018, the culmination of efforts by Clackamas Water Environment Services and others led to the opening of the Carli Creek Water Quality Project, a 15-acre constructed wetland adjacent to Carli Creek, a small, 3500-ft tributary of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, OR. The combined creek and constructed wetland drain an industrialized, 438-acre, impervious catchment. The wetland consists of a linear series of a detention pond and three bioretention treatment cells, contributing a combined 1.8 acres of treatment area (a 1:243 ratio with the catchment) and 3.3 acre-feet of total runoff storage. In this study, raw pollutant concentrations in runoff were evaluated against International Stormwater BMP database benchmarks and Oregon Water Quality Criteria. Concentration and mass-based reductions were calculated for 10 specific pollutants and compared to daily precipitation totals from a nearby precipitation station. Mass-based reductions were generally higher for all pollutants, largely due to runoff volume reduction on the treatment terrace. Concentration-based reductions were highly variable, and suggested export of certain pollutants (e.g., ammonia), even when reporting on a mass-basis. Mass load reductions on the terrace for total dissolved solids, nitrate+nitrite, dissolved lead, and dissolved copper were 43.3 ± 10%, 41.9 ± 10%, 36.6 ± 13%, and 43.2 ± 16%, respectively. E. coli saw log-reductions ranging from -1.3 — 3.0 on the terrace, and -1.0 — 1.8 in the creek. Oregon Water Quality Criteria were consistently met at the two in-stream sites on Carli Creek for E. coli with one exception, and for dissolved cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper (with one exception for copper). However, dissolved total solids at the downstream Carli Creek site was above the Willamette River guidance value 100 mg/L roughly 71% of the time. The precipitation record during the study was useful for explaining certain pollutant reductions, as several mechanisms are driven by physical processes, however it was not definitive. The historic rain/snow/ice event in mid-February 2021 appeared to impact mass-based reductions for all metals. Qualitatively, precipitation seemed to have the largest effect on nutrient dynamics, specifically ammonia-nitrogen. Determining exact mechanisms of pollutant removals was outside the scope of this study. An improved flow record, more targeted storm sampling, or more comprehensive nutrient profiles could aid in answering important questions on dominant mechanisms of this new constructed wetland. This study is useful in establishing a framework and baseline for understanding this one-of-a-kind regional stormwater treatment project and pursuing further questions in the future.
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Delwiche, Michael, Boaz Zion, Robert BonDurant, Judith Rishpon, Ephraim Maltz, and Miriam Rosenberg. Biosensors for On-Line Measurement of Reproductive Hormones and Milk Proteins to Improve Dairy Herd Management. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573998.bard.

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The original objectives of this research project were to: (1) develop immunoassays, photometric sensors, and electrochemical sensors for real-time measurement of progesterone and estradiol in milk, (2) develop biosensors for measurement of caseins in milk, and (3) integrate and adapt these sensor technologies to create an automated electronic sensing system for operation in dairy parlors during milking. The overall direction of research was not changed, although the work was expanded to include other milk components such as urea and lactose. A second generation biosensor for on-line measurement of bovine progesterone was designed and tested. Anti-progesterone antibody was coated on small disks of nitrocellulose membrane, which were inserted in the reaction chamber prior to testing, and a real-time assay was developed. The biosensor was designed using micropumps and valves under computer control, and assayed fluid volumes on the order of 1 ml. An automated sampler was designed to draw a test volume of milk from the long milk tube using a 4-way pinch valve. The system could execute a measurement cycle in about 10 min. Progesterone could be measured at concentrations low enough to distinguish luteal-phase from follicular-phase cows. The potential of the sensor to detect actual ovulatory events was compared with standard methods of estrus detection, including human observation and an activity monitor. The biosensor correctly identified all ovulatory events during its testperiod, but the variability at low progesterone concentrations triggered some false positives. Direct on-line measurement and intelligent interpretation of reproductive hormone profiles offers the potential for substantial improvement in reproductive management. A simple potentiometric method for measurement of milk protein was developed and tested. The method was based on the fact that proteins bind iodine. When proteins are added to a solution of the redox couple iodine/iodide (I-I2), the concentration of free iodine is changed and, as a consequence, the potential between two electrodes immersed in the solution is changed. The method worked well with analytical casein solutions and accurately measured concentrations of analytical caseins added to fresh milk. When tested with actual milk samples, the correlation between the sensor readings and the reference lab results (of both total proteins and casein content) was inferior to that of analytical casein. A number of different technologies were explored for the analysis of milk urea, and a manometric technique was selected for the final design. In the new sensor, urea in the sample was hydrolyzed to ammonium and carbonate by the enzyme urease, and subsequent shaking of the sample with citric acid in a sealed cell allowed urea to be estimated as a change in partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The pressure change in the cell was measured with a miniature piezoresistive pressure sensor, and effects of background dissolved gases and vapor pressures were corrected for by repeating the measurement of pressure developed in the sample without the addition of urease. Results were accurate in the physiological range of milk, the assay was faster than the typical milking period, and no toxic reagents were required. A sampling device was designed and built to passively draw milk from the long milk tube in the parlor. An electrochemical sensor for lactose was developed starting with a three-cascaded-enzyme sensor, evolving into two enzymes and CO2[Fe (CN)6] as a mediator, and then into a microflow injection system using poly-osmium modified screen-printed electrodes. The sensor was designed to serve multiple milking positions, using a manifold valve, a sampling valve, and two pumps. Disposable screen-printed electrodes with enzymatic membranes were used. The sensor was optimized for electrode coating components, flow rate, pH, and sample size, and the results correlated well (r2= 0.967) with known lactose concentrations.
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Yahav, Shlomo, John McMurtry, and Isaac Plavnik. Thermotolerance Acquisition in Broiler Chickens by Temperature Conditioning Early in Life. United States Department of Agriculture, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7580676.bard.

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The research on thermotolerance acquisition in broiler chickens by temperature conditioning early in life was focused on the following objectives: a. To determine the optimal timing and temperature for inducing the thermotolerance, conditioning processes and to define its duration during the first week of life in the broiler chick. b. To investigate the response of skeletal muscle tissue and the gastrointestinal tract to thermal conditioning. This objective was added during the research, to understand the mechanisms related to compensatory growth. c. To evaluate the effect of early thermo conditioning on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during 3 phases: (1) conditioning, (2) compensatory growth, (3) heat challenge. d. To investigate how induction of improved thermotolerance impacts on metabolic fuel and the hormones regulating growth and metabolism. Recent decades have seen significant development in the genetic selection of the meat-type fowl (i.e., broiler chickens); leading to rapid growth and increased feed efficiency, providing the poultry industry with heavy chickens in relatively short growth periods. Such development necessitates parallel increases in the size of visceral systems such as the cardiovascular and the respiratory ones. However, inferior development of such major systems has led to a relatively low capability to balance energy expenditure under extreme conditions. Thus, acute exposure of chickens to extreme conditions (i.e., heat spells) has resulted in major economic losses. Birds are homeotherms, and as such, they are able to maintain their body temperature within a narrow range. To sustain thermal tolerance and avoid the deleterious consequences of thermal stresses, a direct response is elicited: the rapid thermal shock response - thermal conditioning. This technique of temperature conditioning takes advantage of the immaturity of the temperature regulation mechanism in young chicks during their first week of life. Development of this mechanism involves sympathetic neural activity, integration of thermal infom1ation in the hypothalamus, and buildup of the body-to-brain temperature difference, so that the potential for thermotolerance can be incorporated into the developing thermoregulation mechanisms. Thermal conditioning is a unique management tool, which most likely involves hypothalamic them1oregulatory threshold changes that enable chickens, within certain limits, to cope with acute exposure to unexpected hot spells. Short-tem1 exposure to heat stress during the first week of life (37.5+1°C; 70-80% rh; for 24 h at 3 days of age) resulted in growth retardation followed immediately by compensatory growth" which resulted in complete compensation for the loss of weight gain, so that the conditioned chickens achieved higher body weight than that of the controls at 42 days of age. The compensatory growth was partially explained by its dramatic positive effect on the proliferation of muscle satellite cells which are necessary for further muscle hypertrophy. By its significant effect of the morphology and functioning of the gastrointestinal tract during and after using thermal conditioning. The significant effect of thermal conditioning on the chicken thermoregulation was found to be associated with a reduction in heat production and evaporative heat loss, and with an increase in sensible heat loss. It was further accompanied by changes in hormones regulating growth and metabolism These physiological responses may result from possible alterations in PO/AH gene expression patterns (14-3-3e), suggesting a more efficient mechanism to cope with heat stress. Understanding the physiological mechanisms behind thermal conditioning step us forward to elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the PO/AH response, and response of other major organs. The thermal conditioning technique is used now in many countries including Israel, South Korea, Australia, France" Ecuador, China and some places in the USA. The improvement in growth perfom1ance (50-190 g/chicken) and thermotolerance as a result of postnatal thermal conditioning, may initiate a dramatic improvement in the economy of broiler's production.
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Agu, Monica, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. The Impact of Mentoring as a GMP Capability Building Tool in The Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry in Nigeria. Purdue University, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317447.

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Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), a component of Pharmaceutical Quality Systems, is aimed primarily at managing and minimizing the risks inherent in pharmaceutical manufacture to ensure the quality, safety and efficacy of products. Provision of adequate number of personnel with the necessary qualifications/practical experience and their continuous training and evaluation of effectiveness of the training is the responsibility of the manufacturer. (World Health Organization [WHO], 2014; International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 2015). The classroom method of training that has been used for GMP capacity building in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria over the years, delivered by experts from stringently regulated markets, have not yielded commensurate improvement in the Quality Management Systems (QMS) in the industry. It is necessary and long over-due to explore an alternative training method that has a track record of success in other sectors. A lot of studies carried out on mentoring as a development tool in several fields such as academia, medicine, business, research etc., reported positive outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore mentoring as an alternative GMP training method in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria. Specifically, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of mentoring as a GMP capability building tool in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Nigeria, with focus on GMP documentations in XYZ pharmaceutical manufacturing company located in South-Western region of Nigeria. The methodology comprised gap assessment of GMP documentation of XYZ company to generate current state data, development of training materials based on the identified gaps and use of the training materials for the mentoring sessions. The outcome of the study was outstanding as gap assessment identified the areas of need that enabled development efforts to be targeted at these areas, unlike generic classroom training. The mentees’ acceptance of the mentoring support was evident by their request for additional training in some other areas related to the microbiology operations that were not covered in the gap assessment. This result portrays mentoring as a promising tool for GMP capacity building, but more structured studies need to be conducted in this area to generate results that can be generalized.
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Blumwald, Eduardo, and Avi Sadka. Sugar and Acid Homeostasis in Citrus Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697109.bard.

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Citrus fruit quality standards have been determined empirically, depending on species and on the particular growing regions. In general, the TSS (total soluble solids) to total acidity (TA) ratio determines whether citrus fruit can be marketed. Soluble sugars account for most of the TSS during harvest while TA is determined almost solely by the citric acid content, which reaches levels of 1-5% by weight in many cultivated varieties. Acid and sugar homeostasis in the fruit is critical for the management of existing cultivars, the development of new cultivars, the improvement of pre- and post-harvest strategies and the control of fruit quality and disorders. The current proposal (a continuation of a previous proposal) aimed at: (1) completing the citrus fruit proteome and metabolome, and establish a citrus fruit functional database, (2) further characterization of the control of fruit acidity by studying the regulation of key steps affecting citrate metabolism, and determine the fate of citrate during acid decline stage, and (3) Studying acid and sugar homeostasis in citrus fruits by characterizing transport mechanisms across membranes. These aims were completed as the following: (1) Our initial efforts were aimed at the characterization and identification of citric acid transporters in citrus juice cells. The identification of citrate transporters at the vacuole of the citrus juice cell indicated that the steady-state citrate cytosolic concentration and the action of the cytosolic aconitase were key elements in establishing the pH homeostat in the cell that regulates the metabolic shift towards carbon usage in the fruit during the later stages of fruit development. We focused on the action of aconitase, the enzyme mediating the metabolic use of citric acid in the cells, and identified processes that control carbon fluxes in developing citrus fruits that control the fruit acid load; (2) The regulation of aconitase, catalyzing a key step in citrate metabolism, was further characterized by using two inhibitors, citramalte and oxalomalte. These compounds significantly increased citrate content and reduced the enzyme’s activity. Metabolite profiling and changes of amino-acid metabolizing enzymes in oxalomalate- treated cells suggested that the increase in citrate, caused by aconitase inhibition, induces amino acid synthesis and the GABA shunt, in accordance with the suggested fate of citrate during the acid decline stage in citrus fruit. (3) We have placed a considerable amount of time on the development of a citrus fruit proteome that will serve to identify all of the proteins in the juice cells and will also serve as an aid to the genomics efforts of the citrus research community (validating the annotation of the fruit genes and the different ESTs). Initially, we identified more than 2,500 specific fruit proteins and were able to assign a function to more than 2,100 proteins (Katz et al., 2007). We have now developed a novel Differential Quantitative LC-MS/MS Proteomics Methodology for the identification and quantitation of key biochemical pathways in fruits (Katz et al., 2010) and applied this methodology to identify determinants of key traits for fruit quality (Katz et al., 2011). We built “biosynthesis maps” that will aid in defining key pathways associated with the development of key fruit quality traits. In addition, we constructed iCitrus (http://wiki.bioinformatics.ucdavis.edu/index.php/ICitrus), a “functional database” that is essentially a web interface to a look-up table that allows users to use functional annotations in the web to identify poorly annotated citrus proteins. This resource will serve as a tool for growers and field extension specialists.
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6

Davies, Will. Improving the engagement of UK armed forces overseas. Royal Institute of International Affairs, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135010.

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The UK government’s Integrated Review of security, defence, development and foreign policy, published in March 2021 alongside a supporting defence command paper, set a new course for UK national security and highlighted opportunities for an innovative approach to international engagement activity. The Integrated Review focused principally on the state threats posed by China’s increasing power and by competitors – including Russia – armed with nuclear, conventional and hybrid capabilities. It also stressed the continuing risks to global security and resilience due to conflict and instability in weakened and failed states. These threats have the potential to increase poverty and inequality, violent extremism, climate degradation and the forced displacement of people, while presenting authoritarian competitors with opportunities to enhance their geopolitical influence. There are moral, security and economic motives to foster durable peace in conflict-prone and weakened regions through a peacebuilding approach that promotes good governance, addresses the root causes of conflict and prevents violence, while denying opportunities to state competitors. The recent withdrawal from Afghanistan serves to emphasize the complexities and potential pitfalls associated with intervention operations in complex, unstable regions. Success in the future will require the full, sustained and coordinated integration of national, allied and regional levers of power underpinned by a sophisticated understanding of the operating environment. The UK armed forces, with their considerable resources and global network, will contribute to this effort through ‘persistent engagement’. This is a new approach to overseas operations below the threshold of conflict, designed as a pre-emptive complement to warfighting. To achieve this, the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) must develop a capability that can operate effectively in weak, unstable and complex regions prone to violent conflict and crises, not least in the regions on the eastern and southern flanks of the Euro-Atlantic area. The first step must be the development of a cohort of military personnel with enhanced, tailored levels of knowledge, skills and experience. Engagement roles must be filled by operators with specialist knowledge, skills and experience forged beyond the mainstream discipline of combat and warfighting. Only then will individuals develop a genuinely sophisticated understanding of complex, politically driven and sensitive operating environments and be able to infuse the design and delivery of international activities with practical wisdom and insight. Engagement personnel need to be equipped with: An inherent understanding of the human and political dimensions of conflict, the underlying drivers such as inequality and scarcity, and the exacerbating factors such as climate change and migration; - A grounding in social sciences and conflict modelling in order to understand complex human terrain; - Regional expertise enabled by language skills, cultural intelligence and human networks; - Familiarity with a diverse range of partners, allies and local actors and their approaches; - Expertise in building partner capacity and applying defence capabilities to deliver stability and peace; - A grasp of emerging artificial intelligence technology as a tool to understand human terrain; - Reach and insight developed through ‘knowledge networks’ of external experts in academia, think-tanks and NGOs. Successful change will be dependent on strong and overt advocacy by the MOD’s senior leadership and a revised set of personnel policies and procedures for this cohort’s selection, education, training, career management, incentivization, sustainability and support.
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7

Community participation in health, family planning and development activities: A review of international experiences. Population Council, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1996.1010.

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The family planning (FP)/maternal and child health (MCH) program in Bangladesh has achieved success in the recent past, mostly through a large-scale government service-delivery system with support and cooperation from donors and nongovernmental organizations. There is concern about the financial and social sustainability of the program. Other issues include achievement of replacement-level fertility within a stipulated period and improvement of MCH-FP service quality. It is widely believed that most of the concerns will be taken care of with effective community participation. Before activating community initiatives, it is worth carrying out action research. A literature review was completed from July to October 1996 to identify a range of models used for increasing community participation and experiences in terms of implementation, management, financing, monitoring and evaluation, and sustainability in both rural and urban areas. Attempts were also made to identify a set of indicators to assess the level of community participation in these programs. This report documents the results of the review.
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8

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО РЕЖИМА РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В ОБЛАСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ АТОМНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ. DOI CODE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0106-5647-2019-26026.

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In the article shows the importance of the global nuclear safety regime, reveals the role of legal instruments (international nuclear conventions and safety standards) as its constituent elements, highlights and discusses the key stages of development and improvement of international legal regulation of nuclear safety, reflects the latest changes and trends in the field. It is noted that the lack of independence and transparency of the regulatory authority, non-compliance of the requirements of laws, regulations and technical standards with international standards leads to tragic consequences. An example of the consequences of non-compliance with nuclear safety principles, in particular, is the accident at the Japanese nuclear power plant. Therefore, it is important to create not only a system of safety standards, but also the conditions necessary to ensure its application by all participants of activity in the field of atomic energy usage.
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9

Monetary Policy Report - July de 2021. Banco de la República, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr3-2021.

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Macroeconomic summary The Colombian economy sustained numerous shocks in the second quarter, pri¬marily related to costs and supply. The majority of these shocks were unantic¬ipated or proved more persistent than expected, interrupting the recovery in economic activity observed at the beginning of the year and pushing overall inflation above the target. Core inflation (excluding food and regulated items) increased but remained low, in line with the technical staff’s expectations. A third wave of the pandemic, which became more severe and prolonged than the previous outbreak, began in early April. This had both a high cost in terms of human life and a negative impact on Colombia's economic recovery. Between May and mid-June roadblocks and other disruptions to public order had a sig¬nificant negative effect on economic activity and inflation. The combination and magnitude of these two shocks likely led to a decline in gross domestic product (GDP) compared to the first quarter. Roadblocks also led to a significant in¬crease in food prices. The accumulated effects of global disruptions to certain value chains and increased international freight transportation prices, which since the end of 2020 have restricted supply and increased costs, also affected Colombia’s economy. The factors described above, which primarily affected the consumer price index (CPI) for goods and foods, explain to a significant degree the technical staff’s forecast errors and the increase in overall inflation above the 3% target. By contrast, increases in core inflation and in prices for regulated items were in line with the technical staff’s expectations, and can be explained largely by the elimination of various price relief measures put in place last year. An increase in perceived sovereign risk and the upward pressures that this im¬plies on international financing costs and the exchange rate were further con¬siderations. Despite significant negative shocks, economic growth in the first half of the year (9.1%) is now expected to be significantly higher than projected in the April re¬port (7.1%), a sign of a more dynamic economy that could recover more quickly than previously forecast. Diverse economic activity figures have indicated high¬er-than-expected growth since the end of 2020. This suggests that the negative effects on output from recurring waves of COVID-19 have grown weaker and less long-lasting with subsequent outbreaks. Nevertheless, the third wave of the coro¬navirus, and to an even greater degree the previously mentioned roadblocks and disruptions to public order, likely led to a decline in GDP in the second quar¬ter compared to the first. Despite this, data from the monthly economic tracking indicator (ISE) for April and May surpassed expectations, and new sector-level measures of economic activity suggest that the negative impact of the pandemic on output continues to moderate, amid reduced restrictions on mobility and im¬provements in the pace of vaccination programs. Freight transportation registers (June) and unregulated energy demand (July), among other indicators, suggest a significant recovery following the roadblocks in May. Given the above, annual GDP growth in the second quarter is expected to have been around 17.3% (previously 15.8%), explained in large part by a low basis of comparison. The technical staff revised its growth projection for 2021 upward from 6% to 7.5%. This forecast, which comes with an unusually high degree of uncertain¬ty, assumes no additional disruptions to public order and that any new waves of COVID-19 will not have significant additional negative effects on economic activity. Recovery in international demand, price levels for some of Colombia’s export com¬modities, and remittances from workers abroad have all performed better than projected in the previous report. This dynamic is expected to continue to drive recovery in the national income over the rest of the year. Continued ample international liquidity, an acceleration in vacci¬nation programs, and low interest rates can also be ex¬pected to favor economic activity. Improved performance in the second quarter, which led to an upward growth revision for all components of spending, is expected to continue, with the economy returning to 2019 production levels at the end of 2021, earlier than estimated in the April report. This forecast continues to account for the short-term effects on aggregate demand of a tax reform package along the lines of what is currently being pro-posed by the national government. Given the above, the central forecast scenario in this report projects growth in 2021 of 7.5% and in 2022 of 3.1% (Graph 1.1). In this scenar¬io, economic activity would nonetheless remain below potential. The noted improvement in these projections comes with a high degree of uncertainty. Annual inflation increased more than expected in June (3.63%) as a result of changes in food prices, while growth in core inflation (1.87%) was similar to projections.
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10

Monetary Policy Report - October 2021. Banco de la República, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr4-2021.

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Macroeconomic summary Economic activity has recovered faster than projected, and output is now expected to return to pre-pandemic levels earlier than anticipated. Economic growth projections for 2021 and 2022 have been revised upward, though significant downward bias remains. (Graph 1.1). Colombia’s economy returned to recovery in the third quarter after significant supply shocks and a third wave of COVID-19 in the second. Negative shocks affecting mobility and output were absent in the third quarter, and some indicators of economic activity suggest that the rate of recovery in demand, primarily in consumption, outpaced estimates from the July Monetary Policy Report (MPR) in the context of widely expansive monetary policy. Several factors are expected to continue to contribute to output recovery for the rest of the year and into 2022, including the persistence of favorable international financial conditions, an expected improvement in external demand, and an increase in terms of trade. Increasing vaccination rates, the expectation of higher levels of employment and the consequent effect on household income, improved investment performance (which has not yet returned to pre-pandemic levels), and the expected stimulus from monetary policy that would continue to be expansive should also drive economic activity. As a result, output is estimated to have returned to its pre-pandemic level in the third quarter (previously expected in the fourth quarter). Growth is expected to decelerate in 2022, with excess productive capacity projected to close faster than anticipated in the previous report. Given the above, GDP growth projections have been revised upward for 2021 (9.8%, range between 8.4% and 11.2%) and 2022 (4.7%, range between 0.7% and 6.5%). If these estimates are confirmed, output would have grown by 2.3% on average between 2020 and 2022. This figure would be below long-term sustainable growth levels projected prior to the pandemic. The revised growth forecast for 2022 continues to account for a low basis of comparison from this year (reflecting the negative effects of COVID-19 and roadblocks in some parts of the country), and now supposes that estimated consumption levels for the end of 2021 will remain relatively stable in 2022. Investment and net exports are expected to recover at a faster pace than estimated in the previous report. Nevertheless, the downward risks to these estimates remain unusually significant, for several reasons. First, they do not suppose significant negative effects on the economy from possible new waves of COVID-19. Second, because private consumption, which has already surpassed pre-pandemic levels by a large margin, could perform less favorably than estimated in this forecast should it reflect a temporary phenomenon related to suppressed demand as service sectors re-open (e.g. tourism) and private savings accumulated during the pandemic are spent. Third, disruptions to supply chains could be more persistent than contemplated in this report and could continue to affect production costs, with a negative impact on the economy. Finally, the accumulation of macroeconomic imbalances could translate to increased vulnerability to changes in international financial conditions or in international and domestic economic agents’ perception of risk in the Colombian economy, representing a downward risk to growth. A higher-than-expected increase in inflation, the persistence of supply shocks, and reduced excess productive capacity have led to an increase in inflation projections above the target on the forecast horizon (Graph 1.2). Inflation increased above expectations to 4.51% in the third quarter, due in large part to the price behavior of foods and regulated items, and to a lesser extent to core inflation. Increased international prices and costs continue to generate upward pressure on various sub-baskets of the consumer price index (CPI), as has the partial reversion of some price relief measures implemented in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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