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Academic literature on the topic 'Impronta carbonica'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Impronta carbonica"
D'AMMARO, DANIELE. "From environmental concerns toward sustainable agro-food production. Mathematical models, indicators to achieve the sustainability of the wine sector." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/115286.
Full textThe food system is increasingly interlinked with our future, which includes a wide variety of societal concerns ranging from food security, nutrition, social and economic inequities to climate change, biodiversity, and ocean ecosystem services. In particular, the wine chain emerges as one of the most examined areas given its significant relevance in economic production and global distribution market. In accordance with the provisions of the European Union's New Green Deal and the United Nations Agenda 2030, the wine sector must strive to transition to economically and environmentally sustainable management systems, linked to premium quality production and a recognized and remunerated context of biodiversity conservation. A proper determination of the methods and courses of action to enhance the wine industry's sustainability must begin with an objective and accurate analysis of its products and procedures' sustainability performance. Within this framework, the present thesis aims at a deeper understanding of the strategies applied in the wine sector and of their outcomes. For this purpose, numerous assessments have been conducted, with different indicators used to measure, monitor and improve sustainability performance.
Carlesso, Anna <1991>. "Impronta di carbonio di un'azienda agricola legata alla filiera agroalimentare." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11527.
Full textSoffrizzi, Caterina <1993>. "Impronta di carbonio dei menu proposti nella mensa ESU di Venezia." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15232.
Full textBellio, Caterina <1991>. "Impronta di carbonio dei mezzi utilizzati per la raccolta porta a porta dei rifiuti dalla società Contarina SpA." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9103.
Full textFOGLIA, ALESSIA. "From anaerobic membrane bioreactors to water resource recovery facility: experimental validation and sustainability assessment." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/295203.
Full textTechnical solutions for the transition from ‘wastewater treatment plant’ (WWTP) to the concept of ‘low-carbon water resource recovery facility’ (WRRF) were assessed, addressing i) water reuse, ii) resource recovery and iii) carbon footprint assessment. Specifically, in terms of water reuse, conventional ‘’fit-for-purpose’’ treatments and innovative solutions as anaerobic treatments were analysed and compared. A pilot scale system, placed in a hotspot of seawater intrusion, composed of an upflow granular anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor coupled with AnMBR (Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor) was set-up and operated for more than 2 years. At an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1 kg COD/m3/d, biogas production was around 0.39 ± 0.2 L/d. The increase of the OLR to 2 kg COD/m3/d resulted in increase of biogas production to 4.11 ± 3.1 L/d with fermented cellulosic sludge addition. High saline conditions of 1500 mgCl/L adversely affected the biogas production without deteriorating the membrane operation. The final effluent met quality standards of CLASS A of the new EU regulation741/2020 for water reuse and resulted suitable for fertigation purposes in agriculture. An additional unit was coupled with the AnMBR treatment for removing contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), using Molecurarly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) as adsorbent filler. An adsorption column was started-up and diclofenac was used as target compound. Removal efficiency was up to 50%. Additionally, microplastics (MPs) occurrence and removals in wastewater treatments were investigated. The full-scale conventional activated sludge scheme removed 86% of MPs, while the pilot-scale UASB+AnMBR configuration achieved 94% MPs removal. The results highlighted an accumulation phenomenon of MPs in the sludge and this affected negatively the methanogenic activity of anaerobic biomass. In this scenario also a prototype system for collecting significant wastewater sampling volumes to detect more representative MPs concentrations was designed and realized. On the other hand, water pollution in stormwater and related water bathing issues were addressed assessing combined sewer overflows (CSOs) management strategies and validating advanced compact treatments, composed of dynamic rotating belt filter, adsorption on granular activated carbon and UV disinfection, to minimize their impacts. The results of pilot treatment showed great potential for TSS, COD and E. coli removal efficiencies with more than 90%, 69% and 99%, respectively. Moreover, feasibility studies in full-scale WWTPs, addressing resource recovery solutions, including phosphorous salts, volatile fatty acids and biopolymers recovery were carried out. In particular, real environment eco-innovative solutions, developed within the H2020 Smart-Plant project to renovate existing WWTPs and close the circular value chain, were assessed using Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) and Social Readiness Level (SRL) methods. Overall, the SMARTechs created benefits both from an environmental and social point of view, with a maximum total economic value (TEV) up to +23% compared to baseline scenario. In terms of social assessment SMARTechs fell in SRL range of 6-7, which implies a good societal acceptance and adaptation potential. Finally, Carbon Footprint Assessment for the wastewater treatment service was deeply investigated, proposing a new methodological evidence-based approach. Most of the considered emissions factors for carbon footprint assessment were validated by site-specific measurements campaigns in 12 WWTPs. Specific carbon footprints resulted in the emissions of 0.04-0.20 tonCO2eq/PE/y, varying according to the size of the plant. The most impactful categories were identified for indirect emissions associated with dissolved GHGs discharged in the surface water body and due to energy consumption, which accounted for 13–70% and 10–40%, respectively.
FERRONATO, GIULIA. "Valutazione dell'impatto ambientale a diversi livelli di scala del settore zootecnico." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/72497.
Full textIn the last three decades global demand of food, in particular animal proteins (meat, milk, and eggs), has increased according to the population growth, that is expected to go up to 9 billion by the 2050. These, in fact, represent an important source of energy, high-quality protein, micronutrients and vitamins. Therefore, this improvement could contribute to the lifespan increase and food demand. The latter forced the agricultural sector to a further intensification that affected also the cultivation of crops for animal feeding. Agricultural and livestock productions have a relevant environmental impact, and this topic is object of criticism and scientific investigation also to more accurately define its contribution and potential mitigation strategies, considering also that agricultural stage is the main contributor to the environmental impact of the food production chain. It is recognized, in fact, that agricultural sector directly contribute to the 21% of total global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, mostly consisting of methane followed by nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide. These emissions are mainly associated with the livestock production, in particular with ruminants breeding that contributes directly to methane emissions due to ruminal and manure fermentation; the remaining part is composed by indirect emissions from deforestation, energy use and animal feed production. The scope of this thesis was the evaluation of environmental footprint in the livestock sector at different subject scale level. Italian meat supply chain, dairy farms, Grana Padano PDO cheese factory and single animals was investigated in order to quantify environmental footprint. In the first work, the Italian meat supply chain has been evaluated whit a mass flow analysis (MFA) approach and life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Firstly, the quantification of meat had been made from slaughter to household consumption, starting form carcass weight to real meat consumed. At these levels, meat form cattle, pig, sheep and goat, equidae, and rabbit was taken in account. During the chain also meat losses and waste were quantified. In particular animal by-products (ABPs) were quantified for single species and categorized into heath level risk according to the Regulation (EC) 1069/2009. According to the category (Cat 1, Cat 2 or Cat3), assuming that all ABPs were destinated to rendering process, use and disposal of rendered products was identified. The MFA confirmed how Italy is a net importer of cattle and pork meat while it is self-sustaining for poultry meat. Mass flow analysis revealed that in 2013, 2.86 Mt of meat were consumed in Italy. It is equivalent to 131 g/day/pro-capita and to 47.91 kg/year/pro-capita of meat consumed. In percentage the total amount of consumed meat is represented by 46% of pig, 28% of poultry and 23% of cattle and 3% of other meat (rabbit, equidae, and sheep and goat). This approach quantified the ABPs produced at slaughtering level and food wastes at retail and consumer levels. Slaughter phase was the main source of waste, producing 0.80 Mt of ABPs, 48% of the total amount of waste originated in the meat supply chain. Results highlighted how the ABPs are already almost completely reused, compatibly with their health level risk, demonstrating the circularity of the system through the quantification of the avoided products and relative GHGs emissions. Concerning other food wastes, the results of the present evaluation could be considered only an estimate due to the lack of specific national coefficients. After quantification LCA was applied in order to evaluate environmental footprint, considering also avoided product due to the re-use of rendered ABPs. LCA results reveal that daily meat consumption pro-capita emits 4.0 kg CO2eq represented by 30% of cattle meat, 9.6% of pig meat and 8% of poultry meat. Emissions allocated to ABPs are the 60% and their re-use decrease the emissions about 10%. Second and third works focused the milk and PDO Grana Padano global warming potential (GWP). Overall, twenty-seven dairy farms, producing milk destinated to Grana Padano PDO cheese and one cheese factory, situated in the Piacenza province were evaluated. Primary data were collected by using a specific survey. This included for the farms the request of data regarding herd composition, feeding management, milk production, herd management and performace, crops cultivation and resource use, whereas for the cheese factory, the survey included energy resource use and input requested by cheese making process. In the second work, 10 dairy farms were evaluated in order to assess the milk Carbon Footprint (CF) and the main source of emissions. The system boundary was a cradle-to-farm-gate and functional unit is 1 kg of FPCM (Fat and Protein corrected milk). The CF of 1 kg of FPCM resulted equal to 1.33 kg CO2eq/kg FPCM with a wide range of variation from 1.02 to 1.62 kg CO2eq/kg FPCM. Emissions due to enteric fermentation and manure fermentation represented the 52% of the total, while acquired feed the 36%. Self-production and energetic consumption represented 6% and 6% respectively. In the third, Grana Padano PDO production was considered. The milk destinated to cheese processing showed an average value of CF equal to 1.38 kg CO2eq/kg FPCM, with a minimum value of 1.02 and a maximum one of 1.94 kg CO2eq/kg FPCM. Instead, the CF average value of 1 kg of PDO Grana Padano cheese was equal to 9.99 kg CO2eq, showing an agricultural stage contribution of 94%. Results of these works were in accord with similar studies reported in literature and had pointed out how dairy farms showed a greater level of environmental sustainability but with possibilities for improvement, mainly through herd management enhancement (productive and reproductive performances). Fourth work was about the development of proxies able to predict the methane emissions from individual cows. This focus is a hot research point in order to improve the mitigation strategies to reduce methane emissions because of the main GHG contributor. Methane emission is mainly driven by feed intake and diet composition, but it is difficult to measure intake in commercial farms. The study aimed to verify the possibility of using NIRS of faeces (NIRSf) alone and in combination with other phenotypic parameters available at a farm level to predict methane production (MP, g/d) from individual lactating dairy cows. NIRSf alone allowed a fairly good estimation of methane yield and the estimations were improved to a similar degree when BW, MY or ECM were considered, whereas combining NIRSf with more than one other parameters improved the estimations with a very little extent only. Methane can be predicted using models that consider the DMI, BW or MY but the main limitation is represented by the data availability. Near Infrared technique applied to faecal samples, in particular when combined with other phenotypic parameters, can represent a valid alternative for large-scale measurements in commercial dairy farms for genetic selection of low emitters dairy cows, when DMI measurement is usually not available.