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In the 1580s and 1590s, the English state required that all subjects of the crown attend the Protestant state church. Those who refused (called recusants) faced imprisonment as part of the government’s attempt to bring them into religious conformity. Those imprisonments forced involuntary marital separation onto Catholic couples, the result of which was to disrupt traditional gender roles within Catholic households. Separated wives increasingly fulfilled the work their husbands performed in addition to their own responsibilities as the matriarch of a landed estate. Gentlewomen were practiced at estate business since they worked in partnership with their husbands, but a spouse’s imprisonment often meant that wives wrote more petitions and settled more legal and financial matters than they did when their husbands were at liberty. The state also imprisoned Catholic wives who undermined the religious conformity of their families and communities. Spousal imprisonment deprived couples of conjugal rights and spousal support and emphasized the state’s power to interfere in marital relationships in early modern England.
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Qing, Dai. "My imprisonment." Index on Censorship 21, no. 8 (September 1992): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064229208535411.
Van Zyl Smit, Dirk. "INTERNATIONAL IMPRISONMENT." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 54, no. 2 (April 2005): 357–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei004.
Every State in the modern world has a prison system, established and purportedly administered in terms of formal legal rules. Most such systems house both sentenced and unsentenced prisoners and have minimum standards and rules that are common to all prisoners. Although there is now a considerable body of international law that aims to provide a human rights framework for the recognition of the rights of all prisoners, the universality of the prison and the ubiquity of international human rights law have not meant that there is international consensus about what imprisonment should be used for and how prisons should be administered. The prison as a penal institution has remained firmly rooted in the nation State and in national legal systems. In this respect penal institutions are different from other detention facilities, most particularly those for prisoners of war, which have long been governed by the rules of international humanitarian law.
GENDERS, ELAINE, and ELAINE PLAYER. "WOMEN'S IMPRISONMENT." British Journal of Criminology 26, no. 4 (October 1986): 357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047627.
Yevdokimova, Olena. "IMPRISONMENT FOR LIFE IMPRISONMENT IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES LAW." Entrepreneurship, Economy and Law 10 (2019): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32849/2663-5313/2019.10.24.
Gordon, Avery F. "Methodologies of Imprisonment." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no. 3 (May 2008): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.3.651.
For a little while now, i've been trying to understand the nature of captivity and confinement in four overlapping but distinct models prominent today. These four are the United States' model of mass imprisonment of surplus racial and ethnic populations as a form of socioeconomic abandonment; military imprisonment, especially in the course of permanent security wars; the European model of the detention of migrants, asylum seekers, and refugees (“Fortress Europe”); and the Israeli model of occupation by encirclement and immobilization. In all these forms, or zones, of captivity, the status of the worker, the enemy, the criminal, the migrant, the resident—and thus the prisoner himself or herself—is being modified and mutated in profound ways. In each, older recognizable dynamics of race and class power persist and extend in new directions. In each, the very physicality of the prison takes at the same time more extreme and more abstract concretization as isolation unit, as camp, as safe haven, as city. I've wanted to develop a conceptual and evocative vocabulary for linking the socioeconomic dynamics of accumulation, dispossession, and political power to the dialectic of social death and social life as these meet in the ontological and epistemological status of the prisoner.
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Mungan, Murat C. "Rewards versus Imprisonment." American Law and Economics Review 23, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 432–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahab011.
Abstract This article considers the possibility of simultaneously reducing crime, prison sentences, and the tax burden of financing the criminal justice system by introducing rewards, which operate by increasing quality of life outside of prison. Specifically, it proposes a procedure wherein a part of the imprisonment budget is redirected towards financing rewards. The feasibility of this procedure depends on how effectively the marginal imprisonment sentence reduces crime, the crime rate, the effectiveness of rewards, and how accurately the government can direct rewards towards individuals who are most responsive to such policies. A related welfare analysis reveals an advantage of rewards: they operate by transferring or creating wealth, whereas imprisonment destroys wealth. Thus, the conditions under which rewards are optimal are broader than those under which they can be used to jointly reduce crime, sentences, and taxes. With an exogenous [resp. endogenous] budget for law enforcement, it is optimal to use rewards when the imprisonment elasticity of crime is small [resp. the marginal cost of public funds is not high]. These conditions hold, implying that using rewards is optimal, in numerical examples generated by using estimates for key values from the empirical literature.
The New Criminal Procedure Code of 2004 provides an extensive protection in terms of fundamental rights; however, a new obstacle for the proper administration of justice has surfaced involving the judge, who is constantly being affected in its finaldecision by the media.The author of this article discusses this problem from the field of preventive imprisonment, focusing on current cases and doctrine. In addition, the author makes an analysis and classification of judges based on their way of making choices, showing a discouraging picture of the situation. El Nuevo Código Procesal Penal de 2004 es más garantista en cuanto a derechos fundamentales; no obstante, un nuevo obstáculo para una correcta administración de justicia lo supone el mismo juzgador, quien está siendo afectado constantementeen su decisión por los medios de comunicación.El autor del presente artículo expone este problema desde el ámbito de la prisión preventiva, centrándose en casos actuales y doctrina. Además, realiza un análisis y clasificación de los jueces en base a su modo de tomar decisiones, mostrándonosun panorama poco alentador.
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Appleton, Catherine. "Life after life imprisonment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ouls.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ee377c75-7a0b-4ee5-9442-39034b5cd8ab.
Cullen, James Eric. "Life imprisonment and prison regime stability." Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332880.
Van, Ginneken Esther Francisca Johanna Cornelia. "The pains and gains of imprisonment : an exploration of prisoners' psychological adjustment and the perceived impact of imprisonment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648781.
Beale, Rebecca Merryn Elizabeth. "Stages of imprisonment : Shakespeare and his contemporaries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265480.
This dissertation brings the quotidian reality of early modern London prisons to bear on the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries. It presents the range of spheres in which prison language operated, describing a continuum between the performances of real imprisonment in the streets, the staging of London prison scenes, and the words and metaphors of imprisonment in Shakespeare's plays. The first chapter presents London's prisons as local, even domestic, habitations, physically integrated into the city itself and contributing to the sights, sounds and smells of the streets. The second analyses their portrayal in non-dramatic literature, where they become remote and infernal locations, seas, ships, islands and universities. It argues that these metaphors find coherence in a counter-utopian description of one of the Counter prisons, and applies these findings to the prison scene in Richard II. Chapter three addresses the plays which staged named London prisons at the beginning of the seventeenth century. It discerns domestic, utopian and infernal strains, and analyses the prison scenes themselves as sites of performance and metatheatrical departure, arguing that the performative elements of local imprisonment are recognisable in these dramatic prisons as the boundaries of the stage prison are elided with those of the play itself. These findings are applied to Measure for Measure, which is located within the progression of London prison plays. The final two chapters explore prison language and actual imprisonment in Shakespearean tragedy and romance. In the tragedies, prison metaphors vie for effective control, as language is both restricted and made eloquent by the state of imprisonment. In Shakespeare's romances, prison words cause actual imprisonment beyond their speakers' control. Foucault marginalised the role of the early modern prison system in his genealogy of modern imprisonment. Literary critics in the last thirty years have followed his lead. This dissertation reclaims London's prisons as a vital context for the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries.
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MacDonald, Marnie. "Women's imprisonment in Canada, a shifting paradigm?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0018/MQ48399.pdf.
El-Jamal, Basim. "Palestinian political prisoners and Israeli imprisonment policy." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403079.
Smith, Catrin. "The imprisoned body : women, health and imprisonment." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-imprisoned-body--women-health-and-imprisonment(4d891d31-95a8-404e-93a2-5e3267f31324).html.
Problems affecting the female prison population have become increasingly acute. In response to a spirit of 'toughness' in penal policy, the number of women prisoners has grown sharply and more women are being sent to prison despite arguments in favour of decarceration and alternative sanctions. In prison, women make greater demands on prison health services and are generally considered to carry a greater load of physical and mental ill-health than their male counterparts. However, a gender-sensitive theory based on an understanding of the relationship between women's health and women's imprisonment has not been formulated. Health is a complex phenomenon of inseparable physical, mental and social processes. Research conducted in three women's prisons in England set out to explore the relationships between these processes. Data were generated from group discussions, in-depth interviews, a questionnaire survey and observation and participation in 'the field'. The findings suggest that women's imprisonment is disadvantageous to 'good' health. Deprivations, isolation, discreditation and the deleterious effects of excessive regulation and control all cause women to suffer as they experience imprisonment. These are not medical problems. Yet, they often become so once they cause, as they inevitably do, stress and anxiety. The woman prisoner who finds herself unable to cope is likely, eventually, to come into contact with the prison medical enterprise where a medicalised view of suffering de-politicises the significance of women's distress. Social and cultural factors in women's pre-prison and prison lives interact to influence their health and their freedom to choose 'correct' health behaviours. While different in degree, the problems facing women prisoners are of the same kind as those they face in their outside lives and the same kinds of 'solutions' are adapted to deal with them. Such solutions often have unforeseen consequences which can intensify the pains of imprisonment and be further prejudicial to health. These findings raise questions about the philosophies underpinning current models of prison health care where the benevolent aims of 'health promotion' may become extremely punitive.
East Timor) Audiensi Publik Nasional (1st 2003 Balide. Political imprisonment. [Dili]: Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation in Timor-Leste, 2005.
Behan, Cormac, and Abigail Stark. Prisons and Imprisonment. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09301-2.
Lucy, Baldwin, and Mitchell Sophie. "Maternal imprisonment." In The Routledge Handbook of Women's Experiences of Criminal Justice, 364–75. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003202295-32.
Moody, Susan, and Adrian Carr. "Alternatives to Prison." In Imprisonment Today, 172–85. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08897-3_11.
Millar, Ann. "Imprisonment — in the Victim’s Interest?" In Imprisonment Today, 186–201. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08897-3_12.
Jones, Carol. "Jailing and Bailing: Understanding Bail and Custodial Remand in Scotland, England and Wales." In Imprisonment Today, 16–35. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08897-3_2.
Kerlow, Isaac Victor. "Freedom and imprisonment, 1985." In ACM SIGGRAPH 98 Electronic art and animation catalog. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/281388.281643.
Clenciu, Maria –. Cristina. "Imprisonment: The rehabilitation issue." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY MICROSCOPY – XRM2022. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0170617.
Jing-lu, Zhang. "Life Imprisonment System in China." In 2021 International Conference on Public Management and Intelligent Society (PMIS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pmis52742.2021.00035.
Antonyan, Yu M., and E. A. Antonyan. "Criminological Problems of Life Imprisonment." In XVII International Research-to-Practice Conference dedicated to the memory of M.I. Kovalyov (ICK 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200321.086.
Igrački, Jasmina. "LIFE IMPRISONMENT- WORLD SITUATION AND EXPERIENCE IN EXECUTION." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.4.21.p23.
In the second half of the 20th century, the tendency to abolish the death penalty influenced to an increased use of life imprisonment. According to available data, about half a million people in the world today are serving a life sentences in prison. Out of 216 countries and territories, life imprisonment is imposed in 183. Between 2004 and 2015, there was an increase in the imposition of these sentences of about 84%. Life imprisonment, with the exception of countries where the death penalty is applied, is imposed as the maximum punishment for the perpetrators of the most serious crimes. In different countries, life imprisonment is imposed with different options: with or without the possibility of parole depending on the severity of the crime and the social risk of the crime, the minimum sentence served, etc. A particular problem is the execution of this criminal sanction from the aspect of: application of the treatment, preservation of security in the institution both personal and general, preservation of the minimum level of mental health of convicts, accommodation of these convicts - individually or in a group with other categories of convicts, etc. International organizations dealing with human rights of prisoners recommend that prison institutions take advantage of all the opportunities that treatment provides in order to, as far as possible, preserve health, moral and spiritual strength of every prisoner who is serving a life sentence in prison, as a human, moral and civilized act of society. Keywords: life imprisonment, convict, treatment, social reaction, prison.
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Clark, Nitasha. "Enacting Imprisonment on Students With Significant Support Needs." In 2021 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1686515.
Tyabina, Julia Aleksandrovna, and Oksana Vladimirovna Kochkina. "Imprisonment: Problems Of Application And Ways Of Reforming." In International Conference on Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.113.
Jindal, Neena, Tanu Sharma, Astha Singh, Shagun Sharma, and Chaitanya Moghe. "Is life imprisonment a violation of Human Rights." In 2022 IEEE Delhi Section Conference (DELCON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/delcon54057.2022.9753516.
"Research on the Nature and Application of Lifelong Imprisonment." In 2019 International Conference on Arts, Management, Education and Innovation. Clausius Scientific Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/icamei.2019.141.
Blagić, Dragan, and Zdravko Grujić. "GENERAL RULES FOR IMPOSING A SENTENCE OF JUVENILE IMPRISONMENT." In EU LAW IN CONTEXT – ADJUSTMENT TO MEMBERSHIP AND CHALLENGES OF THE ENLARGEMENT. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/7123.
Polinsky, A. Mitchell, and Steven Shavell. Deterrence and the Adjustment of Sentences During Imprisonment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26083.
Witt, Robert, and Ann Dryden Witte. Crime, Imprisonment, and Female Labor Force Participation: A Time-Series Approach. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6786.
Seim, Joshua. Erosion and Adjustment: A Bourdieuian-Inspired Analysis of Imprisonment and Release. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.295.
Polinsky, A. Mitchell. The Optimal Use of Fines and Imprisonment When Wealth is Unobservable. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10761.
Polinsky, A. Mitchell, and Steven Shavell. On the Disutility and Discounting of Imprisonment and the Theory of Deterrence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6259.
Markov, Smilen. COVID-19 and Orthodoxy: Uncertainty, Vulnerability, and the Hermeneutics of Divine Economy. Analogia 17 (2023), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/17-4-markov.
COVID-19 was a great challenge for Orthodox Christians worldwide. As all natural disasters in modernity, the pandemic was explained and combatted on the basis of science. There could be no doubt that death, pain, suffering, despair, imprisonment (the quarantine can indeed be experienced as an imprisonment) are opportunities for the Church to bear witness to Christ. To be ashamed of one’s vulnerability and to neglect the communal aspect of suffering means to render oneself less capable of bearing witness. Hence, it is important to find the conceptual ground for calibrating the truthful reaction to the pandemic in terms of the Christian ethos. To achieve this, we need the proper interpretative lens through which to examine the disaster of the pandemic.
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Women Migrant Workers and Their Transition across State Boundaries : Labour Exporting Policies of Bangladesh and the Reality. Institute of Policy Studies, Lingnan University, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14793/ipswp_03.
Women’s labor migration from Bangladesh gained traction in 2013. According to the Bureau of Manpower, Employment, and Training, a total of 2,91,098 Bangladeshi women moved for employment between 2015 and 2019. However, the most difficult challenge Bangladesh has is the repatriation of the majority of them from Middle Eastern nations owing to violence at the destination, which includes overwork, forced imprisonment, non-payment of salaries, malnutrition, and emotional, physical, and sexual assault. The death toll is also rising, expressing concern about migration policy. As a result, the study seeks to determine the extent to which the structure of Bangladesh’s female labor exporting policy has the ability to safeguard such women in destination countries. This qualitative study seeks answers by conducting a careful content analysis of accessible secondary data and policy papers on the breadth and limitations of Bangladesh’s women’s labor exporting laws.
