Journal articles: 'Imprimed polymers'

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Becskereki, Gergely, George Horvai, and Blanka Tóth. "The Selectivity of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers." Polymers 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111781.

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The general claim about novel molecularly imprinted polymers is that they are selective for their template or for another target compound. This claim is usually proved by some kind of experiment, in which a performance parameter of the imprinted polymer is shown to be better towards its template than towards interferents. A closer look at such experiments shows, however, that different experiments may differ substantially in what they tell about the same imprinted polymer’s selectivity. Following a short general discussion of selectivity concepts, the selectivity of imprinted polymers is analyzed in batch adsorption, binding assays, chromatography, solid phase extraction, sensors, membranes, and catalysts. A number of examples show the problems arising with each type of application. Suggestions for practical method design are provided.

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Chu, Hui Juan, Hong Liang Wei, Jing Zhu, and Chun Ping Nong. "Synthesis and Performance of Molecular Imprinted Polymers as Drug Release Controller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.446.

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Molecular imprinted polymers were synthesized using α-methylacrylacid as monomer, acetylsalicylic acid as template. Polyethylene glycol dimethylacrylate was taken as cross-linker. UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to detect the drug-loading and releasing performances of these polymers. The studies showed that the imprinted polymers could load more drugs than non-imprinted polymer, and exhibited a slower drug-releasing rate than the latter at pH 7.4. The content of cross-linker had influences on drug-loading amounts. The imprinted polymer released few drugs at the buffer solution of pH 1.2.

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Azodi-Deilamia, Saman, Majid Abdoussa, and S. Rezvaneh Seyedib. "Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer for controlled release of tramadol." Open Chemistry 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0035-x.

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AbstractIn this paper, we describe how to prepare a highly selective imprinted polymer by a bulk polymerization technique. We used tramadol as the template, (MAA) as functional monomers, and (EGDMA) as the cross-linker in chloroform as solvent. Results from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) show that this imprinted sorbent exhibits good recognition and high affinity for tramadol. Selectivity of molecularly imprinted polympers (MIP) was evaluated by comparing several substances with similar molecular structures to that of tramadol. Controlled release of tramadol from MIPs was investigated through in vitro dissolution tests and by measuring the absorbance at λmax of 272 nm by (HPLC-UV). The dissolution media employed were hydrochloric acid pH 3.0 and phosphate buffers, pH 5.0 and 7.4, maintained at 37 and 25 ± 0.5°C. The results show the ability of MIP polymers to control tramadol release. In all cases, the release of MIPs was deferred for a longer time as compared to NMIP. At a pH of 7.4 and 25°C slower release of tramadol imprinted polymer occurred.

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Jamoussi, Bassem, Radhouane Chakroun, Bandar A. Al-Mur, Riyadh F. Halawani, Fahed A. Aloufi, Anis Chaabani, and Naif S. Aljohani. "Design of a New Phthalocyanine-Based Ion-Imprinted Polymer for Selective Lithium Recovery from Desalination Plant Reverse Osmosis Waste." Polymers 15, no. 18 (September 21, 2023): 3847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183847.

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In this study, a novel technique is introduced that involves the combination of an ion-imprinted polymer and solid-phase extraction to selectively adsorb lithium ions from reverse osmosis brine. In the process of synthesizing ion-imprinted polymers, phthalocyanine acrylate acted as the functional monomer responsible for lithium chelation. The structural and morphological characteristics of the molecularly imprinted polymers and non-imprinted polymers were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption data for Li on an ion-imprinted polymer showed an excellent fit to the Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of 3.2 mg·g−1. Comprehensive chemical analyses revealed a significant Li concentration with a higher value of 45.36 mg/L. Through the implementation of a central composite design approach, the adsorption and desorption procedures were systematically optimized by varying the pH, temperature, sorbent mass, and elution volume. This systematic approach allowed the identification of the most efficient operating conditions for extracting lithium from seawater reverse osmosis brine using ion-imprinted polymer–solid-phase extraction. The optimum operating conditions for the highest efficiency of adsorbing Li+ were determined to be a pH of 8.49 and a temperature of 45.5 °C. The efficiency of ion-imprinted polymer regeneration was evaluated through a cycle of the adsorption–desorption process, which resulted in Li recoveries of up to 80%. The recovery of Li from the spiked brine sample obtained from the desalination plant reverse osmosis waste through the ion-imprinted polymer ranged from 62.8% to 71.53%.

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Qiu, Hua Min, Chuan Nan Luo, Lu Lu Fan, Zhen Lv, and Fu Guang Lu. "Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Prepared by Precipitation Polymerization for Quercetin." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 646–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.646.

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In this paper, molecular imprinted polymer for quercetin was synthesized by precipitation polymerization with acrylamide as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker, 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator and acetone as the solvent. The polymers’ adsorption properties were characterized. As results shown that the synthesized imprinted polymer is microspheres with particle size in the nanometer scale, the adsorption capacity of quercetin imprinted polymers is 1.1×10-5mol/g, adsorption temperature is 60°C, adsorption time is 30 min. The molecular imprinting technology was introduced in interference test with a satisfactory result in selectivity.

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Bing, Nai Ci, Xiang Rong Zhu, Zhen Tian, Hong Yong Xie, and Li Jun Wang. "Controllable Imprinted Polymer Layer Coated Silica-Gel for S-1-(1-Naphthyl) Ethylamine Recognition by ATRP." Advanced Materials Research 508 (April 2012): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.508.237.

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Controlled grafting ofS-1-(1-naphthyl) Ethylamine-imprinting polymer layer on the silica-gel was carried out by the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Polymerization time was used as the independent variable to manipulate the amount of grafted imprinting polymer on the silica-gel. For comparison, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) without silica-gel also prepared at the same condition. SEM, FT-IR and UV spectrum were used to study the structural morphology and selectivity of polymers and probe the incorporation of imprinted polymer layer on the surface of substrates. Results indicate that the integration of ATRP and molecularly imprinted polymerization realize preparation of molecular selective polymers and it is possible to tune selectivity and morphology in rational way by changing polymerization times. Meanwhile, we achieve a reference strategy for the development of molecularly imprinting polymer for drugs and to handle forms in certain applications such as chromatographic stationary phases for chiral separations.

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Augustine, Anju, and Beena Mathew. "Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube Incorporated Molecular Imprinted Polymer with Binding Affinity towards Testosterone." ISRN Polymer Science 2014 (February 19, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/790583.

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A novel polymer was synthesised using functionalized carbon nanotube and acrylamide as the polymer support for the separation of testosterone. The developed polymers were characterised using FT-IR, XRD, and SEM techniques. Imprinted polymer showed specificity towards the template testosterone. Among the various polymers, the MWCNT incorporated polymer showed high binding towards the used template. Investigation of the selectivity characteristics revealed that the developed polymer showed selectivity toward the template testosterone than similar compounds. The bound template could be totally recovered and regenerated polymer maintains its recognition property after repeated use. On the basis of the results, the imprinted polymer can be applied for the direct extraction of testosterone in clinical analysis.

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Thach, Ut Dong, Hong Hanh Nguyen Thi, Tuan Dung Pham, Hong Dao Mai, and Tran-Thi Nhu-Trang. "Synergetic Effect of Dual Functional Monomers in Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Preparation for Selective Solid Phase Extraction of Ciprofloxacin." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 2788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162788.

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Background: Ciprofloxacin (CIP), an important broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was often used as a template molecule for the preparation of imprinted materials. In this study, methacrylic acid and 2-vinylpyridine were employed for the first time as dual functional monomers for synthesizing ciprofloxacin imprinted polymers. Methods: The chemical and physicochemical properties of synthesized polymers were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm. The adsorption properties of ciprofloxacin onto synthesized polymers were determined by batch experiments. The extraction performances were studied using the solid phase extraction and HPLC-UV method. Results: The molecularly imprinted polymer synthesized with dual functional monomers showed a higher adsorption capacity and selectivity toward the template molecule. The adsorbed amounts of ciprofloxacin onto the imprinted and non-imprinted polymer were 2.40 and 1.45 mg g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the imprinted polymers were employed as a selective adsorbent for the solid phase extraction of ciprofloxacin in aqueous solutions with the recovery of 105% and relative standard deviation of 7.9%. This work provides an alternative approach for designing a new adsorbent with high adsorption capacity and good extraction performance for highly polar template molecules.

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Jiang, Xu Hong, and Zhan Mei Liu. "Uiformly-Sized, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Naproxen by Precipitation Polymerization." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.713.

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Uniformly-sized, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for (D)-naproxen have been prepared by a precipitation polymerization method using methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer and divinylbenzene (DVB) as a cross-linker in acetonitrile or a mixture of toluene and acetonitrile(1:3). The (D)-naproxen-imprinted MAA-co-DVB polymers were monodispersed microspheres with size in the range of 1.5 to 3.6µm. Enantioseparation of naproxen was attained using the (D)-naproxen-imprinted MAA-co-DVB polymer microspheres. When Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA) was used as a cross-linker, the MAA-co -EGDMA polymers were sub-microspheres with the average size of 350nm and showed very low affinity for the template (D)-naproxen . The (D)-naproxen-imprinted MAA-co-DVB polymer microspheres prepared in the mixture of toluene showed the highest molecular recognition ability and with the biggest size of 3.6µm.

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Bhawani, Showkat Ahmad, Nur'Izzah Binti Juarah, Salma Bakhtiar, Rachel Marcella Roland, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim, Khalid Mohammed Alotaibi, and Abdul Moheman. "Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for Removal of Sudan III Dye." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 12 (2022): 3269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.24052.

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Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles of Sudan III dye as template were synthesized by using non-covalent approach. The molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized in a microemulsion contained Sudan III as a template, acrylic acid (AA) as a monomer, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker and 2,2-azo-bisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The synthesized beads were characterized by TEM and FTIR. The TEM results revealed the nanosize beads of polymers were produced. The efficiency of imprinted and non-imprinted polymers was evaluated by batch binding studies. The results showed that the MIP 3 (0.1: 6: 10, Sudan III: AA: 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate) was best among all polymers with highest rebinding efficiency. The removal efficiency of selected MIP 3 in the spiked Sudan III dye river water sample was about 80%. This study was conducted to produce nanosized molecularly imprinted polymers by using microemulsion polymerization technique.

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Hasanah, Aliya Nur, Nisa Safitri, Aulia Zulfa, Neli Neli, and Driyanti Rahayu. "Factors Affecting Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Methods on Finding Template-Monomer Interaction as the Key of Selective Properties of the Materials." Molecules 26, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 5612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185612.

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Molecular imprinting is a technique for creating artificial recognition sites on polymer matrices that complement the template in terms of size, shape, and spatial arrangement of functional groups. The main advantage of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIP) as the polymer for use with a molecular imprinting technique is that they have high selectivity and affinity for the target molecules used in the molding process. The components of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer are template, functional monomer, cross-linker, solvent, and initiator. Many things determine the success of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer, but the Molecularly Imprinted Polymer component and the interaction between template-monomers are the most critical factors. This review will discuss how to find the interaction between template and monomer in Molecularly Imprinted Polymer before polymerization and after polymerization and choose the suitable component for MIP development. Computer simulation, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) are generally used to determine the type and strength of intermolecular interaction on pre-polymerization stage. In turn, Suspended State Saturation Transfer Difference High Resolution/Magic Angle Spinning (STD HR/MAS) NMR, Raman Spectroscopy, and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and Fluorescence Spectroscopy are used to detect chemical interaction after polymerization. Hydrogen bonding is the type of interaction that is becoming a focus to find on all methods as this interaction strongly contributes to the affinity of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs).

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Anfossi, Laura, Simone Cavalera, Fabio Di Nardo, Giulia Spano, Cristina Giovannoli, and Claudio Baggiani. "Delayed Addition of Template Molecules Enhances the Binding Properties of Diclofenac-Imprinted Polymers." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051178.

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It has been reported that in the molecular imprinting technique, the use of preformed oligomers instead of functional monomers increases the stability of the non-covalent interactions with the template molecule, providing a sharp gain in terms of binding properties for the resulting imprinted polymer. Based on this theory, we assumed that the delayed addition of template molecules to a polymerization mixture enhances the binding properties of the resulting polymer. To verify this hypothesis, we imprinted several mixtures of 4-vinylpyridine/ethylene dimethacrylate (1:6 mol/mol) in acetonitrile by adding diclofenac progressively later from the beginning of the polymerization process. After polymerization, the binding isotherms of imprinted and non-imprinted materials were measured in acetonitrile by partition equilibrium experiments. Binding data confirm our hypothesis, as imprinted polymers prepared by delayed addition, with delay times of 5 and 10 min, showed higher binding affinity (Keq = 1.37 × 104 L mol−1 and 1.80 × 104 L mol−1) than the polymer obtained in the presence of template at the beginning (Keq = 5.30 × 103 L mol−1). Similarly, an increase in the imprinting factor measured vs. the non-imprinted polymer in the binding selectivity with respect to mefenamic acid was observed. We believe that the delayed addition approach could be useful in prepar imprinted polymers with higher binding affinity and increased binding selectivity in cases of difficult imprinting polymerization.

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Zhuang, Hai Yan, Hui Zhi Li, and Yang Xue. "Synthesis, Characterization and Selective Recognition of Lead Using a New Ion Imprinted Polymer Material." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 688–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.688.

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A new ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) material was synthesized by copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine(VP) as monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA) as crosslinking agent and 2,2΄-azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN) as initiator in the presence of Pb–1,5-diphenylcarbazone(Pb-DHCB) complex. Blank non-imprinted polymer (NIP) were prepared under identical conditions without the use of lead imprint ion. The synthesized polymers were characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analyzer techniques. Of the several polymers synthesized, only the imprinted polymer formed with binary complex of Pb2+–DHCB showed quantitative enrichment of lead ion from aqueous solution. The relative standard deviation of the ﬁve replicate determinations of Pb (II) was3.26%. The detection limit for 150 mL of sample was 1.6 µg L-1 using ﬂame atomic absorption spectrometry. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace lead in environmental samples with satisfactory results.

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Roland, Rachel Marcella, and Showkat Ahmad Bhawani. "Synthesis and Characterization of Molecular Imprinting Polymer Microspheres of Piperine: Extraction of Piperine from Spiked Urine." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5671507.

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Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) microspheres for Piperine were synthesized by precipitation polymerization with a noncovalent approach. In this research Piperine was used as a template, acrylic acid as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker, and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator and acetonitrile as a solvent. The imprinted and nonimprinted polymer particles were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The synthesized polymer particles were further evaluated for their rebinding efficiency by batch binding assay. The highly selected imprinted polymer for Piperine was MIP 3 with a composition (molar ratio) of 0.5 : 3 : 8, template : monomer : cross-linker, respectively. The MIP 3 exhibits highest binding capacity (84.94%) as compared to other imprinted and nonimprinted polymers. The extraction efficiency of highly selected imprinted polymer of Piperine from spiked urine was above 80%.

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Guan, Huai Min, Yue Jin Tong, Jin Hua Zheng, and Xiang Li. "Cholesterol-Imprinted Receptor Using Chitosan Derivative as the Precursor." Advanced Materials Research 699 (May 2013): 712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.699.712.

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Research has been focused on the development of molecularly imprinted polymers using a chitosan derivative as the precursor. An O-acyl chitosan was synthesized by the selective protection of amino groups of chitosan in MeSO3H and was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde in the presence/ absence of template molecule, cholesterol. The effect of the degree of the acyl substitution on the selection of precursor was investigated, regarding the solubility of chitosan derivative, interaction between the precursor and imprinted molecule, and degree of the cross-linking of precursor. The rebinding experiments indicated the significant recognition for cholesterol with imprinted polymer as compared with non-imprinted polymer. It was found that a good binding capacity of the imprinted polymer towards cholesterol could be achieved in a less-polar solvent. And the O-acyl chitosan-based molecularly imprinted polymer obtained displayed good recognition selectivity for cholesterol in comparison to similarly strctural analogue, cholesterol acetate.

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Seitz, W. Rudolf, Casey J. Grenier, John R. Csoros, Rongfang Yang, and Tianyu Ren. "Molecular Recognition: Perspective and a New Approach." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 2757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082757.

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This perspective presents an overview of approaches to the preparation of molecular recognition agents for chemical sensing. These approaches include chemical synthesis, using catalysts from biological systems, partitioning, aptamers, antibodies and molecularly imprinted polymers. The latter three approaches are general in that they can be applied with a large number of analytes, both proteins and smaller molecules like drugs and hormones. Aptamers and antibodies bind analytes rapidly while molecularly imprinted polymers bind much more slowly. Most molecularly imprinted polymers, formed by polymerizing in the presence of a template, contain a high level of covalent crosslinker that causes the polymer to form a separate phase. This results in a material that is rigid with low affinity for analyte and slow binding kinetics. Our approach to templating is to use predominantly or exclusively noncovalent crosslinks. This results in soluble templated polymers that bind analyte rapidly with high affinity. The biggest challenge of this approach is that the chains are tangled when the templated polymer is dissolved in water, blocking access to binding sites.

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Linh, Cao Nhat, Alexander N. Zyablov, Olga V. Duvanova, and Vladimir F. Selemenev. "SORPTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS BY MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMERS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 2 (February 8, 2020): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206302.6071.

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Molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized as selective coatings of piezoelectric sensors for determination of carboxylic acids in the intermediate fractions of rectified ethanol. Molecularly imprinted polymers were obtained by reorganizing and imidizing polyamic acid chains in N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of a template by the non-covalent imprinting method. The ability of molecularly imprinted polymers to recognize the target templates was evaluated by studying their sorption properties in comparison with non-imprinted polymers using direct conductometry in static mode. The equilibrium time of polyimide and molecularly imprinted polymers for acetic, propionic, butyric acids is in the range of 40 - 80 min. The type of sorption isotherm of acetic acid is characteristic of polymeric materials with micropores. During the sorption of acetic acid at low concentrations, the solvent-ethanol strongly competes with the adsorbed substance due to the close molecular sizes and the presence of group -OH. The type of sorption isotherms of propionic and butyric acids refers to the monomolecular adsorption. The sorption of carboxylic acids by molecularly imprinted polyimide is carried out mainly due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between carboxyl groups of adsorbent and adsorbate. According to the sorption data, the degrees of extraction, distribution coefficients, and imprinting factor values were calculated (IF = 3.0-15.1). It is shown that the molecularly imprinted polymers for carboxylic acids have better sorption ability to acid molecules than their non-imprinted polymers. At the same time, the molecularly imprinted polymer for butyric acid has the highest sorption capacity. Thus, the possibility of using molecularly imprinted polymers for carboxylic acids based on polyimide as selective coatings of piezosensors has been established.

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Pesic, Milos, Jugoslav Krstic, and Tatjana Verbic. "Highly selective water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymers for benzophenone-4." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc22032540p.

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Molecularly imprinting technology was applied for preparing selective sorbents for benzophenone-4 (BP4), an organic UV filter used in sunscreens and cosmetics. Several imprinted polymers were prepared by bulk polymerization, using BP4 as template. Combination of stability (mechanical and chemical), selectivity and robustness of imprinted polymers with BP4 properties, resulted in successful imprinting process (imprinting factors in range 1.05-2.60). Prepared polymers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, conductometric titrations and nitrogen physisorption at 77 K. Adsorption capacities and selectivity towards 7 other organic UV filters (benzophenone-3, benzophenone-8, homosalate, butyl methoxydiben-zoylmethane, ethyl hexyl salicylate, ethyl hexyl p-dimethylamino benzoate and ethyl hexyl p-methoxycinnamate) were determined, proving high adsorption capacity and high selectivity for BP4 binding. Highest adsorption capacity had 4-vinyl pyridine/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate co-polymer prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (1.108 mmol g-1). Imprinted polymer with highest binding capacity was applied to solid phase extraction of BP4 from aqueous solutions with 98.5 % efficiency.

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Turner, Nicholas W., Clovia I. Holdsworth, Adam McCluskey, and Michael C. Bowyer. "N-2-Propenyl-(5-dimethylamino)-1-naphthalene Sulfonamide, a Novel Fluorescent Monomer for the Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Detection of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in the Gas Phase." Australian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 10 (2012): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12155.

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Fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) specific for 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) have been synthesised using a novel monomer N-2-propenyl-(5-dimethylamino)-1-naphthalene sulfonamide. Three formats of the polymer were produced: a traditional bulk monolith ground into particles, a flexible, but highly cross-linked plasticiser-modified free standing membrane, and a hybrid material consisting of particles embedded in a poly(acrylonitrile) phase inversed film. Within all materials, a clearly defined imprinting effect was observed upon exposure to DNT vapour at room temperature. In all cases, preferential rebinding of DNT to the molecularly imprinted materials (3–5 times) over their non-imprinted (NIP) equivalents was evident within <10 min of contact with the DNT vapour stream. Fluorographic images of the fluorescent polymers showed the DNT binding-induced quenching to be significantly higher in the MIP material than in the non-imprinted control polymer.

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Shen, Feng, Qingxi Zhang, and Xueqin Ren. "A triple-function zwitterion for preparing water compatible diclofenac imprinted polymers." Chemical Communications 51, no. 1 (2015): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc04739g.

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A novel zwitterion acting as both a functional monomer and a crosslinker with the protein-resistant ability concomitantly was synthesized for preparing water compatible diclofenac imprinted polymers. This new imprinted polymer showed high imprinting efficiency for template and strong anti-protein adsorption in aqueous medium.

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Latif, Usman, Adnan Mujahid, Muhammad Zahid, Ghulam Mustafa, and Akhtar Hayat. "Nanostructured Molecularly Imprinted Photonic Polymers for Sensing Applications." Current Nanoscience 16, no. 4 (August 20, 2020): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413715666190206144415.

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This review article focused on fabrication of sensors by using a combination of highly ordered photonic crystals and molecular imprinted polymers as artificial recognition materials. In this article, we have discussed fundamental principle of photonic crystals, various synthetic approaches and their use in sensing applications. Moreover, nanostructuring of recognition materials, by using photonic crystals, for sensor fabrication and sensing mechanism has also been discussed. Molecular imprinted photonic polymer layers have been applied for developing sensor devices for diverse analytes such as environmental toxins, nerve gas agents, explosives, drug molecules and others. A comprehensive comparison of molecular imprinted photonic polymers based sensor systems has also been summarized in the table which contains all the related information about colloidal structure, polymer system including monomer, cross-linker and initiator as well as target analytes. Finally, emerging strategies and current challenges involved in the design of more efficient molecular imprinted photonic sensors and their possible solutions are also briefly discussed.

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Liu, Qing Peng, Hui Zhi Li, Hai Yan Zhuang, and Mei Shan Pei. "Synthesis of a New Ion Imprinted Polymer Material for Separation and Preconcentration of Traces of Neodymium Ions." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.705.

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Neodymium ion imprinted polymers (IIP) were synthesized by formation of ternary complexes of neodymium ion with Vanillin Benzidine(VLB) and 4-vinylpyridine (VP) as chelating agent following copolymerizing with styrene as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linking monomer using 2,2´-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. Control polymers（CPs） were prepared under identical conditions without the use of neodymium imprint ion. The synthesized polymers were characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analyzer techniques. Of the several polymers synthesized, only the imprinted polymer formed with ternary complex of Nd3+–VLB–VP(1:1:2 IIP) showed quantitative enrichment of neodymium ion from aqueous solution.

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Vu, Hoang Yen, and A. N. Zyablov. "Determination of preservatives in liquids by piezosensors." Аналитика и контроль 26, no. 2 (2022): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2022.26.2.001.

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In the current study, piezosensors based on the molecularly imprinted polyimides with imprints of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate were obtained. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) were synthesized using a polyimide and a non-covalent imprinting technique. It was established that the use of 0.1 g/mL template concentration at the thermochemical stage led to the formation of the maximum number of molecular imprints on the film surface. Using the scanning force microscopy, it was found that the reference polymer film had a uniform surface with a small height difference from 1.4 to 2.6 nm (including 88.94 % of pores with a radius of up to 10 nm) and had good film thickness reproducibility. The surface morphology of films of molecularly imprinted polymers with imprints of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate had more developed surface, which was associated with the peculiarities of the formation of imprints. In this work, imprinting factor (IF) and selectivity coefficient (k) of the sensor were calculated. Molecularly imprinted polymers had better selectivity, sensitivity, and ability to recognize target template molecules than the reference polymers (non-imprinted polymers). Molecularly imprinted polymer-modified piezoelectric sensors (MIP sensors) have been used to analyze potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate in non-alcoholic drinks. The linear concentration range was identified to be 5 - 500 mg/L and the limit of detection for potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate were 1.6 mg/L and 2 mg/L, respectively. The determination of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate in non-alcoholic drinks was carried out by MIP sensors and spectrophotometry method. The results obtained by the sensors and the spectrophotometry method were in good agreement. The concentration of preservatives for the potassium sorbate and the sodium benzoate in non-alcoholic drinks was 130 - 176 mg/L and 129 - 146 mg/L, respectively.

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Ramanavicius, Simonas, Arunas Jagminas, and Arunas Ramanavicius. "Advances in Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based Affinity Sensors (Review)." Polymers 13, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13060974.

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Recent challenges in biomedical diagnostics show that the development of rapid affinity sensors is very important issue. Therefore, in this review we are aiming to outline the most important directions of affinity sensors where polymer-based semiconducting materials are applied. Progress in formation and development of such materials is overviewed and discussed. Some applicability aspects of conducting polymers in the design of affinity sensors are presented. The main attention is focused on bioanalytical application of conducting polymers such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) ortho-phenylenediamine. In addition, some other polymers and inorganic materials that are suitable for molecular imprinting technology are also overviewed. Polymerization techniques, which are the most suitable for the development of composite structures suitable for affinity sensors are presented. Analytical signal transduction methods applied in affinity sensors based on polymer-based semiconducting materials are discussed. In this review the most attention is focused on the development and application of molecularly imprinted polymer-based structures, which can replace antibodies, receptors, and many others expensive affinity reagents. The applicability of electrochromic polymers in affinity sensor design is envisaged. Sufficient biocompatibility of some conducting polymers enables to apply them as “stealth coatings” in the future implantable affinity-sensors. Some new perspectives and trends in analytical application of polymer-based semiconducting materials are highlighted.

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Azhar, Siti Maizatul Ameera, Brody Sambang Muyang, Gaanty Pragas Maniam, and Nurlin Abu Samah. "Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer with Oleic Acid as a Template." Key Engineering Materials 932 (September 20, 2022): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-9l60lo.

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Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Oleic Acid (MIPOA) and Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Palmitic Acid (MIPPA) were synthesized using oleic acid and palmitic acid as the templates; acetonitrile as the porogenic solvent; and allylthiourea as the monomer; and EDGMA as a cross-linker via bulk polymerization. The non-imprinted polymers (NIP) as a control were prepared with the same procedure, but with the absence of template molecule. The synthesized MIPs and NIP were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and the results showed the narrowing of –OH peak which shows that crosslinking has occurred. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (FESEM-EDX) was used to analyze the composition of in both MIPs and NIP. The results yielded a composition of C, O, and S. This analysis corresponds to the composition of oleic acid and sulfuric acid as both templates contain -COOH group. These results suggested that the molecularly imprinted polymers can be employed as a potential adsorbent for the removal of oleic acid and palmitic acid from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) waste.

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Shin, Min Jae, Young Jae Shin, Seung Won Hwang, and Jae Sup Shin. "Recognizing Amino Acid Chirality with Surface-Imprinted Polymers Prepared in W/O Emulsions." International Journal of Polymer Science 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/290187.

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A molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared by a surface molecular imprinting technique in water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion. In this technique, the solid polymer, which is molecularly imprinted at the internal cavity surface, is prepared by polymerizing W/O emulsions consisting of a water-soluble imprinted molecule, a functional host molecule, an emulsion stabilizer, and a crosslinking agent. Dioleoyl phosphate was used as an emulsion stabilizer, and this compound also acted as a monomer and a host functional group in the imprinted cavity. Divinylbenzene was used as a crosslinker. Tryptophan methyl ester and phenylalanine methyl ester were used as the target template materials. These imprinted polymers exhibited enantiomeric selectivity in absorption experiments, and the maximum separation factor was 1.58. The enantiomeric selectivity with tryptophan methyl ester was higher than that with phenylalanine methyl ester.

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Qronfla, Murad M., Bassem Jamoussi, Radhouane Chakroun, Bandar A. Al-Mur, Riyadh F. Halawani, and Fahed A. Aloufi. "Synthesis of a New Molecularly Imprinted Polymer and Optimisation of Phenylglyoxylic Acid Extraction from Human Urine Samples Using a Central Composite Design within the Response Surface Methodology." Polymers 15, no. 15 (August 2, 2023): 3279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15153279.

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Styrene, a chemical widely used in various industries, undergoes metabolic breakdown in the human body, resulting in the production of phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA). A novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesised for selective extraction and enrichment of PGA in urine samples prior to high-performance liquid chromatography. The MIP employed in this research was a 4-vinylpyridine molecularly imprinted polymer (4-VPMIP) prepared via mass polymerisation using a noncovalent method. The structural and morphological characteristics of the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The efficiency of the molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) process was optimised by investigating critical variables such as sample pH, sorbent mass, sample flow rate, and volume of the elution solvent. A central composite design (CCD) within the response surface methodology was utilised to develop separate models for the adsorption and desorption steps. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed the excellent fit of the experimental data to the proposed response models. Under the optimised conditions, the molecularly imprinted polymers exhibited a higher degree of selectivity and affinity for PGA, with a relative selectivity coefficient (α) of 2.79 against hippuric acid. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for PGA were determined to be 0.5 mg/L and 1.6 mg/L, respectively. The recoveries of PGA ranged from 97.32% to 99.06%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 4.6%. Furthermore, MIP(4VP)SPE demonstrated the potential for recycling up to three times without significant loss in analyte recovery.

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ERTUĞRUL UYGUN, Hilmiye Deniz, and Münire Nalan DEMİR. "The Role of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers In Sensor Technology: Electrochemical, Optical and Piezoelectric Sensor Applications." Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry 10, no. 4 (November 11, 2023): 1081–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1285655.

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With the help of molecular imprinting technology, artificial receptors can be made and used for identification. This technique's limitless application increases polymer technology and makes it adaptable to other technologies. In this study, examples of sensor applications are used to explain molecular imprinting technology (MIT) and its brief history. MIT can be used to create polymer-based artificial receptors with remarkable selectivity and affinity to detect any target molecules that can be imprinted on a polymer. A monomer is synthesized around a template molecule to create a selective cavity that serves as an artificial receptor. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) offer a wide range of uses and have recently garnered much attention. These polymers' production methods, production kinds, and molecular imprinting techniques are all thoroughly detailed. The outstanding properties of MIPs make a crucial contribution to sensor applications offering selective, fast, easy, and cost-effective analysis, which became very popular after Clark published his first biosensor study. Apart from the biological recognition receptors, MIPs have the advantage that they are not affected by physical conditions of the environment, such as temperature, pH, and ion strength. To overcome the biological recognition receptors' disadvantages, molecularly imprinted polymers can be used for sensor development. From the point of view of the review, the combination of MIPs and sensors was explained and proposed as an informative paper.

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Dong, Hong Xing, Qiu Li Jiang, Fei Tong, Zhen Xing Wang, and Jin Yong Tang. "Preparation of Imprinted Polymer with D-Phenylalanin on Silica Surface." Key Engineering Materials 419-420 (October 2009): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.419-420.541.

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Silica gel was modified with polymerizable double bonds on the surface. Then the molecular imprinting polymer imprinted with D-Phenylalanin was grafted on the surface of modified silica gel. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based on the surface of silica gel was characterized by IR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption property of D-Phenylalanin by MIP was mearsured. The MIP with the combined functional monomers exhibited better adsorption properties and selectivity compared with the corresponding non-imprinted polymers or MIP with the single functional monomer. The material could be used in separation research field, such as packing material of high performance liquid chromatography, solid-phase extraction and so on.

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Gong, Guo Li, Song Chen, and Hui Li. "Preparation and Evaluation of Molecular Imprinted Polymers of Erythromycin." Key Engineering Materials 561 (July 2013): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.561.3.

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Molecular imprinted polymers were synthesized with precipitation polymerization in the present study when Erythromycin was used as template, methacrylic acid as functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker. The best synthesis solution was ultimately determined when the bonding property of the polymer was studied. The selectivity of imprinted polymer on Erythromycin was also studied. The equilibrium binding experiments showed that the binding site of MIPs was heterogeneous with one binding site. Equilibrium dissociation constant was 0.663mg/ml, maximum apparent adsorption was 91.39mg/g.

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Suherman, Meilia, Ike Susanti, Driyanti Rahayu, Rimadani Pratiwi, and Aliya Nur Hasanah. "Performance Evaluation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer using Propanol as Porogen for Atenolol Recognition in Human Serum." Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (October 29, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/ijpst.v6i1.18671.

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Atenolol is a cardiovascular drug that has a narrow therapeutic index with long-term use and it’s often used as doping. Atenolol has a small concentration in human boby and it’s in biological matrix (serum) so in the testing need a selective extraction so the analyte can be pra-concentration and removed from matrix. Two molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) on propanol as porogen have been made with two different methods i.e. bulk polymerization and precipitation polymerization. The polymer was made using atenolol as a template, methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a crosslinker. Prformance evaluations showed that polymers from bulk polymerization provide better performance than polymers from precipitation polymerization when tested against standard solution. However, this sorbent has low recovery percentage after applied into serum sample and could not be used as alternative for atenolol extraction in human serum.Key words: Molecularly imprinted polymer, Atenolol, Solid Phase Extraction, Preparation method, propanol.

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Wolska, Joanna, and Nasim Jalilnejad Falizi. "Membrane Emulsification Process as a Method for Obtaining Molecularly Imprinted Polymers." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 2830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162830.

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The membrane emulsification process (ME) using a metallic membrane was the first stage for preparing a spherical and monodisperse thermoresponsive molecularly imprinted polymer (TSMIP). In the second step of the preparation, after the ME process, the emulsion of monomers was then polymerized. Additionally, the synthesized TSMIP was fabricated using as a functional monomer N-isopropylacrylamide, which is thermosensitive. This special type of polymer was obtained for the recognition and determination of trace bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous media. Two types of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized using amounts of BPA of 5 wt.% (MIP-2) and 7 wt.% (MIP-1) in the reaction mixtures. Additionally, a non-imprinted polymer (NIP) was also synthesized. Polymer MIP-2 showed thermocontrolled recognition for imprinted molecules and a higher binding capacity than its corresponding non-imprinted polymer and higher than other molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP-1). The best condition for the sorption process was at a temperature of 35 °C, that is, at a temperature close to the phase transition value for poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Under these conditions, the highest levels of BPA removal from water were achieved and the highest adsorption capacity of MIP-2 was about 0.5 mmol g−1 (about 114.1 mg g−1) and was approximately 20% higher than for MIP-1 and NIP. It was also observed that during the kinetic studies, under these temperature conditions, MIP-2 sorbed BPA faster and with greater efficiency than its non-imprinted analogue.

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Liu, Guangyang, Xiaodong Huang, Lingyun Li, Xiaomin Xu, Yanguo Zhang, Jun Lv, and Donghui Xu. "Recent Advances and Perspectives of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Fluorescent Sensors in Food and Environment Analysis." Nanomaterials 9, no. 7 (July 18, 2019): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9071030.

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Molecular imprinting technology (MIT), also known as molecular template technology, is a new technology involving material chemistry, polymer chemistry, biochemistry, and other multi-disciplinary approaches. This technology is used to realize the unique recognition ability of three-dimensional crosslinked polymers, called the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). MIPs demonstrate a wide range of applicability, good plasticity, stability, and high selectivity, and their internal recognition sites can be selectively combined with template molecules to achieve selective recognition. A molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensor (MIFs) incorporates fluorescent materials (fluorescein or fluorescent nanoparticles) into a molecularly imprinted polymer synthesis system and transforms the binding sites between target molecules and molecularly imprinted materials into readable fluorescence signals. This sensor demonstrates the advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity of fluorescence detection. Molecularly imprinted materials demonstrate considerable research significance and broad application prospects. They are a research hotspot in the field of food and environment safety sensing analysis. In this study, the progress in the construction and application of MIFs was reviewed with emphasis on the preparation principle, detection methods, and molecular recognition mechanism. The applications of MIFs in food and environment safety detection in recent years were summarized, and the research trends and development prospects of MIFs were discussed.

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Testa, Valentina, Laura Anfossi, Simone Cavalera, Matteo Chiarello, Fabio Di Nardo, Thea Serra, and Claudio Baggiani. "Effect of Surfactants on the Binding Properties of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer." Polymers 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 5210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235210.

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In molecularly imprinted polymers, non-specific interactions are generally based on weak forces between the polymer surface and the sample matrix. Thus, additives able to interfere with such interactions should be able to significantly reduce any non-specific binding effect. Surfactants represent an interesting class of substances as they are cheap and easily available. Here, we present a study of the effect of three surfactants (the anionic sodium dodecylsulphate, SDS, the cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and the non-ionic polyoxyethylene-(20)-sorbitan monolaurate Tween 20) on the binding affinity of a 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T)-imprinted polymer for the template and its analogue 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The experimental results indicate that increasing amounts of surfactant decrease the binding affinity for the ligands strongly for the ionic ones, and more weakly for the non-ionic one. This effect is general, as it occurs for both 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D and for both the imprinted and the not-imprinted polymers. It also proves that the magnitude of this effect mainly depends on the presence or absence of an ionic charge, and that the hydrophobic “tail” of surfactants plays only a minor role.

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Bakhtiar, Salma, Showkat Ahmad Bhawani, and Syed Rizwan Shafqat. "Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Removal/Extraction of Thymol from Spiked Blood Serum and River water." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 11 (September 28, 2019): 2479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22151.

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Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared by precipitation polymerization using thymol as a template molecule, acrylamide as a functional monomer and N,N-methylbisacrylamide as the crosslinker with a non-covalent approach. The polymers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), fourier-transform infra red spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The SEM results depicted that the shape of polymer particles is spherical with uniform size (micro-meters). The BET results also showed better surface area, pore size and pore volume of MIP as compared to non-imprinted polymer (NIP). A series of parameters such as initial concentration, polymer dosage, effect of pH and slectivity with structural analogue were conducted. The selectivity of MIP towards thymol was appreciable as compared to its structural analogue gallic acid with a relative selectivity coefficient of 3.59. Finally, MIP has been successfully used for extraction of thymol from the spiked blood serum (84 %) and river water sample (98 %).

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36

BHAWANI, SHOWKAT AHMAD, NURSUHAILAH BINTI SUHAILI, RACHEL MARCELLA ROLAND, SALMA BAKHTIAR, KHALID M. ALOTAIBI, and MOHAMMAD NASIR MOHAMMAD IBRAHIM. "Template Assisted Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for the Extraction of p-Coumaric Acid." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 9 (2020): 2342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22833.

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In present study, the molecular imprinting polymer (MIP) of p-coumaric acid was synthesized by using p-coumaric acid as a template, acetonitrile as solvent, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate as cross-linker, acrylic acid as monomer and 2,2-azobisisobutironitrile (AIBN) as the initiator. The synthesized polymers were characterized by FTIR and SEM. The results from SEM revealed that the polymer was in spherical shape with size in micro-range. The binding efficiency of polymers was analyzed by adsorption study. The highest rebinding efficiency for MIP was ~ 80% while for non-imprinted polymer (NIP) it was only 24%.

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Yang, Ming, Qian Sun, and Cai Yun Li. "Preparation and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Microspheres of p-Nitroaniline." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3411.

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Polystyrene microspheres were prepared by the emulsifier-free polymerization method. Using the polystyrene microspheres as seeds, p-nitroaniline as template molecules, the monodispersed molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres (MIPMs) were prepared by a single-step swelling and polymerization method. The monodispersed molecular imprinted polymers with porous structure were characterized by SEM, and UV-visible spectrophotometry. The adsorption performance of MIPMs for p-nitroaniline was investigated.

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Yang, Ming, Juan Juan Xia, and Kai Guan. "Preparation and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Microspheres of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 1816–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.1816.

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Polystyrene microspheres were prepared by the emulsifier-free polymerization method. Using the polystyrene microspheres as seeds, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as template molecules, the monodispersed molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres (MIPMs) were prepared by a single-step swelling and polymerization method. The monodispersed molecular imprinted polymers with porous structure were characterized by SEM, and UV-visible spectrophotometry. The adsorption performance of MIPMs for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was investigated.

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Joke Chow, Alvin Leong, and Showkat Ahmad Bhawani. "Synthesis and Characterization of Molecular Imprinting Polymer Microspheres of Cinnamic Acid: Extraction of Cinnamic Acid from Spiked Blood Plasma." International Journal of Polymer Science 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2418915.

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The molecular imprinting technique is used to create the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with higher binding capacity towards the template. In this research precipitation polymerization method with noncovalent approach was used to synthesize imprinted polymer microspheres. The polymerization reaction was conducted in a flask containing acetonitrile as a porogen, cinnamic acid as a template (T), acrylic acid (AA) as a monomer, divinylbenzene (DVB) as a cross-linker, and azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. The polymer particles were characterized by using SEM and FTIR. The rebinding efficiency was conducted by batch binding assay and the results were monitored by using HPLC. The batch binding results suggested MIP1 (T : AA : DVB, 1 : 6 : 20 molar ratio) is most suitable composition for the rebinding of cinnamic acid. The highly selective polymer (MIP1) was used for the extraction of cinnamic acid from human plasma. The extraction efficiency of imprinted polymer of cinnamic acid from spiked plasma was above 75%.

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Gallegos-Tabanico, Amed, Jorge Jimenez-Canale, Sergio G. Hernandez-Leon, Alexel J. Burgara-Estrella, Jose Carmelo Encinas-Encinas, and Jose A. Sarabia-Sainz. "Development of an Electrochemical Sensor Conjugated with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Detection of Enrofloxacin." Chemosensors 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10110448.

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An electrochemical sensor was fabricated for the rapid and simple detection of enrofloxacin (EF). Modification of screen-printed gold electrodes (SPE) with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) allowed the detection of enrofloxacin by square wave voltammetry (SWV), measuring the oxidation peak at +0.9 V. The detection principle of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is based on the formation of binding sites with affinities and specificities comparable with those of natural antibodies. The detection of enrofloxacin showed a linear range of 0.01–0.1 mM with a detection limit LOD of 0.02 mM. The development of a non-imprinted polymer (NIP) control sensor allowed for better and more efficient detection. In addition, the sensor is portable, having the advantage of analyzing and detecting molecules of interest without the need to take the sample to a laboratory.

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Kim, Jaehoo, Shin Won Kim, Byung Chul Kweon, Kwan Hoon Kim, and Sung Woon Cha. "Solid-State Surface Patterning on Polymer Using the Microcellular Foaming Process." Polymers 15, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15051153.

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This study proposes a novel process that integrates the molding and patterning of solid-state polymers with the force generated from the volume expansion of the microcellular-foaming process (MCP) and the softening of solid-state polymers due to gas adsorption. The batch-foaming process, which is one of the MCPs, is a useful process that can cause thermal, acoustic, and electrical characteristic changes in polymer materials. However, its development is limited due to low productivity. A pattern was imprinted on the surface using a polymer gas mixture with a 3D-printed polymer mold. The process was controlled with changing weight gain by controlling saturation time. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to obtain the results. The maximum depth could be formed in the same manner as the mold geometry (sample depth: 208.7 μm; mold depth: 200 μm). Furthermore, the same pattern could be imprinted as a layer thickness of 3D printing (sample pattern gap and mold layer gap: 0.4 mm), and surface roughness was increased according to increase in the foaming ratio. This process can be used as a novel method to expand the limited applications of the batch-foaming process considering that MCPs can impart various high-value-added characteristics to polymers.

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Guo, Yan, Leilei Kang, Shaona Chen, and Xin Li. "High performance surface-enhanced Raman scattering from molecular imprinting polymer capsulated silver spheres." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 33 (2015): 21343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp00206k.

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Driven by the ultrasensitivity of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique and the directive selection of molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs), core–shell silver-molecularly imprinted polymer (Ag@MIP) hybrid structure was synthesized to serve as a novel SERS platform.

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Gong, Guo Li, Lin Jia, and Hui Li. "Synthesis and Characterization of Epothilone B Molecular Imprinted Polymers." Key Engineering Materials 501 (January 2012): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.501.37.

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Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) for antitumor drug Epothilone B have been synthesized with bulk polumerization in order to specifically extract this agent in the present study. MIP was prepared by thermal polymerisation using Epothilone B as template, methacrylic acid as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linking agent. The best synthesis progenic solvent was ultimately determined when the bonding property of the polymer was studied. The selectivity of imprinted polymer on Epothilone B was also studied. The equilibrium binding experiments showed that the binding site of MIPs was heterogeneous with one binding site. Equilibrium dissociation constant was 3.37 mg/ml, the maximum apparent adsorption was 335 mg/g.

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Orowitz, Tirza Ecclesia, Patria Pari Agnes Ago Ana Sombo, Driyanti Rahayu, and Aliya Nur Hasanah. "Microsphere Polymers in Molecular Imprinting: Current and Future Perspectives." Molecules 25, no. 14 (July 17, 2020): 3256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143256.

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Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are specific crosslinked polymers that exhibit binding sites for template molecules. MIPs have been developed in various application areas of biology and chemistry; however, MIPs have some problems, including an irregular material shape. In recent years, studies have been conducted to overcome this drawback, with the synthesis of uniform microsphere MIPs or molecularly imprinted microspheres (MIMs). The polymer microsphere is limited to a minimum size of 5 nm and a molecular weight of 10,000 Da. This review describes the methods used to produce MIMs, such as precipitation polymerisation, controlled/‘Living’ radical precipitation polymerisation (CRPP), Pickering emulsion polymerisation and suspension polymerisation. In addition, some green chemistry aspects and future perspectives will also be given.

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Xie, Rong, Wen Jun Gui, and Guo Nian Zhu. "Preparation of Nanosized Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Spheres for Atrazine." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 1473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.1473.

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A novel nanosized molecularly imprinted polymer spheres for atrazine was synthesized in present assay, as an alternative to the biological antibodies. Both precipitation polymerization and bulk polymerization were performed. Various combinations of template, functional monomer, and cross-linking monomer and porogenic diluents were carried out to optimize the best one. The nanosized MIPs exhibit larger surface area and better binding capacity than traditional polymers, the best binding capacity and imprinted factor for atrazine were 95.75% and 1.83 respectively.

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Zheng, Xiaofeng, Sohayb Khaoulani, Nadia Ktari, Momath Lo, Ahmed M. Khalil, Chouki Zerrouki, Najla Fourati, and Mohamed M. Chehimi. "Towards Clean and Safe Water: A Review on the Emerging Role of Imprinted Polymer-Based Electrochemical Sensors." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 4300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134300.

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This review critically summarizes the knowledge of imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors for the detection of pesticides, metal ions and waterborne pathogenic bacteria, focusing on the last five years. MIP-based electrochemical sensors exhibit low limits of detection (LOD), high selectivity, high sensitivity and low cost. We put the emphasis on the design of imprinted polymers and their composites and coatings by radical polymerization, oxidative polymerization of conjugated monomers or sol-gel chemistry. Whilst most imprinted polymers are used in conjunction with differential pulse or square wave voltammetry for sensing organics and metal ions, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) appears as the chief technique for detecting bacteria or their corresponding proteins. Interestingly, bacteria could also be probed via their quorum sensing signaling molecules or flagella proteins. If much has been developed in the past decade with glassy carbon or gold electrodes, it is clear that carbon paste electrodes of imprinted polymers are more and more investigated due to their versatility. Shortlisted case studies were critically reviewed and discussed; clearly, a plethora of tricky strategies of designing selective electrochemical sensors are offered to “Imprinters”. We anticipate that this review will be of interest to experts and newcomers in the field who are paying time and effort combining electrochemical sensors with MIP technology.

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El-Said, Waleed A., Muhammad Abdelshakour, Jin-Ha Choi, and Jeong-Woo Choi. "Application of Conducting Polymer Nanostructures to Electrochemical Biosensors." Molecules 25, no. 2 (January 12, 2020): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020307.

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Over the past few decades, nanostructured conducting polymers have received great attention in several application fields, including biosensors, microelectronics, polymer batteries, actuators, energy conversion, and biological applications due to their excellent conductivity, stability, and ease of preparation. In the bioengineering application field, the conducting polymers were reported as excellent matrixes for the functionalization of various biological molecules and thus enhanced their performances as biosensors. In addition, combinations of metals or metal oxides nanostructures with conducting polymers result in enhancing the stability and sensitivity as the biosensing platform. Therefore, several methods have been reported for developing homogeneous metal/metal oxide nanostructures thin layer on the conducting polymer surfaces. This review will introduce the fabrications of different conducting polymers nanostructures and their composites with different shapes. We will exhibit the different techniques that can be used to develop conducting polymers nanostructures and to investigate their chemical, physical and topographical effects. Among the various biosensors, we will focus on conducting polymer-integrated electrochemical biosensors for monitoring important biological targets such as DNA, proteins, peptides, and other biological biomarkers, in addition to their applications as cell-based chips. Furthermore, the fabrication and applications of the molecularly imprinted polymer-based biosensors will be addressed in this review.

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Farooq, Saqib, Bochang Chen, Fukun Gao, Ihsan Muhammad, Shakeel Ahmad, and Haiyan Wu. "Development of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Fenthion Detection in Food and Soil Samples." Nanomaterials 12, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12132129.

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Modern agricultural production is greatly dependent on pesticide usage, which results in severe environmental pollution, health risks and degraded food quality and safety. Molecularly imprinted polymers are one of the most prominent approaches for the detection of pesticide residues in food and environmental samples. In this research, we prepared molecularly imprinted polymers for fenthion detection by using beta-cyclodextrin as a functional monomer and a room-temperature ionic liquid as a cosolvent. The characterization of the developed polymers was carried out. The polymers synthesized by using the room-temperature ionic liquid as the cosolvent had a good adsorption efficiency of 26.85 mg g−1, with a short adsorption equilibrium time of 20 min, and the results fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The polymer showed cross-selectivity for methyl-parathion, but it had a higher selectivity as compared to acetamiprid and abamectin. A recovery of 87.44–101.25% with a limit of detection of 0.04 mg L−1 and a relative standard deviation of below 3% was achieved from soil, lettuce and grape samples, within the linear range of 0.02–3.0 mg L−1, using high-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector. Based on the results, we propose a new, convenient and practical analytical method for fenthion detection in real samples using improved imprinted polymers with room-temperature ionic liquid.

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49

Firouzzare, Mahmoud. "Preparation of a Novel Selective Adsorbent for Detection and Measurement of Mercury (II) Ions." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.645.

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In this work, a polymeric adsorbent was synthesized by the imprinting technique for the measurement of Hg (II) ion from aqueous environmental samples. For this purpose, a novel aminothiol monomer has been initially synthesized then it has been used for complexing the mercury. The synthesized complex monomer copolymerized with methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and AIBN as the functional monomer, cross-linker and initiator respectively in the presence of a binary porogen of DMSO and toluene. The imprinted polymer was made after removing the mercury (II) ion by an acidic solution of thiourea. The results of batch procedures showed that the Hg (II)-imprinted polymer has adsorption capacity of 28 mg g-1and is high selective for adsorption of Hg (II) ion in competing with the other ions such as CH3Hg (I), Zn (II) and Cd (II) and also in comparing with non-imprinted polymers.

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50

Linn, Cao Nhat, Olga V. Duvanova, Svetlana Yu Nikitina, and Alexander N. Zyablov. "THE USE OF PIEZOSENSORS FOR DETERMINATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS IN THE INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS OF EDIBLE ETHANOL PRODUCTION." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 85, no. 4 (May 15, 2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2019-85-4-11-16.

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The reference polymers and polymers with molecular imprints of carboxylic acids (MIPs-CA) — propionic (MlP-Propionic) and butyric (MIP-Butyric) acids — were synthesized on the surface of piezoelectric sensors using aromatic compounds by the non-covalent imprinting method. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is a polymer produced through molecular imprinting, which leaves cavities in the polymer matrix with affinity to a chosen "template" target molecule. The values of the imprinting factor and selectivity coefficients were calculated to assess the ability of MIPs-CA to recognize the target molecules. It is shown that the sensors modified by the molecularly imprinted polymers exhibit high selectivity for the acid that was a template during their synthesis. The detection limits for propionic and buty ric acids are 7.40 x 10~6 and 8.81 x 10-6 g/dm3, respectively. Correctness of the carboxylic acid determination in model solutions was verified in the spike/recovery tests. The relative standard deviation is less than 10%. The modified piezoelectric sensors were tested in analysis of the intermediate products of edible ethanol production (distillate of fermentation mixture, epyurat, bottom liquids of columns). The correctness of the determination of carboxylic acids in liquids was evaluated using an Agilent Technological 7890B GC Systems. The difference in the results of acid determination between both methods (piezoelectric sensor and chromatography-mass spectrometry) does not exceed 6%. The modified piezosensors expand the potential of rapid determination of carboxylic acids in the intermediate products of ethyl alcohol production.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Imprimed polymers'

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