Relevant bibliographies by topics / Imprimed polymers

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Imprimed polymers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Imprimed polymers"

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Becskereki, Gergely, George Horvai, and Blanka Tóth. "The Selectivity of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers." Polymers 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111781.

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The general claim about novel molecularly imprinted polymers is that they are selective for their template or for another target compound. This claim is usually proved by some kind of experiment, in which a performance parameter of the imprinted polymer is shown to be better towards its template than towards interferents. A closer look at such experiments shows, however, that different experiments may differ substantially in what they tell about the same imprinted polymer’s selectivity. Following a short general discussion of selectivity concepts, the selectivity of imprinted polymers is analyzed in batch adsorption, binding assays, chromatography, solid phase extraction, sensors, membranes, and catalysts. A number of examples show the problems arising with each type of application. Suggestions for practical method design are provided.
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Chu, Hui Juan, Hong Liang Wei, Jing Zhu, and Chun Ping Nong. "Synthesis and Performance of Molecular Imprinted Polymers as Drug Release Controller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.446.

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Molecular imprinted polymers were synthesized using α-methylacrylacid as monomer, acetylsalicylic acid as template. Polyethylene glycol dimethylacrylate was taken as cross-linker. UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to detect the drug-loading and releasing performances of these polymers. The studies showed that the imprinted polymers could load more drugs than non-imprinted polymer, and exhibited a slower drug-releasing rate than the latter at pH 7.4. The content of cross-linker had influences on drug-loading amounts. The imprinted polymer released few drugs at the buffer solution of pH 1.2.
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Azodi-Deilamia, Saman, Majid Abdoussa, and S. Rezvaneh Seyedib. "Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer for controlled release of tramadol." Open Chemistry 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0035-x.

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AbstractIn this paper, we describe how to prepare a highly selective imprinted polymer by a bulk polymerization technique. We used tramadol as the template, (MAA) as functional monomers, and (EGDMA) as the cross-linker in chloroform as solvent. Results from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) show that this imprinted sorbent exhibits good recognition and high affinity for tramadol. Selectivity of molecularly imprinted polympers (MIP) was evaluated by comparing several substances with similar molecular structures to that of tramadol. Controlled release of tramadol from MIPs was investigated through in vitro dissolution tests and by measuring the absorbance at λmax of 272 nm by (HPLC-UV). The dissolution media employed were hydrochloric acid pH 3.0 and phosphate buffers, pH 5.0 and 7.4, maintained at 37 and 25 ± 0.5°C. The results show the ability of MIP polymers to control tramadol release. In all cases, the release of MIPs was deferred for a longer time as compared to NMIP. At a pH of 7.4 and 25°C slower release of tramadol imprinted polymer occurred.
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Jamoussi, Bassem, Radhouane Chakroun, Bandar A. Al-Mur, Riyadh F. Halawani, Fahed A. Aloufi, Anis Chaabani, and Naif S. Aljohani. "Design of a New Phthalocyanine-Based Ion-Imprinted Polymer for Selective Lithium Recovery from Desalination Plant Reverse Osmosis Waste." Polymers 15, no. 18 (September 21, 2023): 3847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183847.

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In this study, a novel technique is introduced that involves the combination of an ion-imprinted polymer and solid-phase extraction to selectively adsorb lithium ions from reverse osmosis brine. In the process of synthesizing ion-imprinted polymers, phthalocyanine acrylate acted as the functional monomer responsible for lithium chelation. The structural and morphological characteristics of the molecularly imprinted polymers and non-imprinted polymers were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption data for Li on an ion-imprinted polymer showed an excellent fit to the Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of 3.2 mg·g−1. Comprehensive chemical analyses revealed a significant Li concentration with a higher value of 45.36 mg/L. Through the implementation of a central composite design approach, the adsorption and desorption procedures were systematically optimized by varying the pH, temperature, sorbent mass, and elution volume. This systematic approach allowed the identification of the most efficient operating conditions for extracting lithium from seawater reverse osmosis brine using ion-imprinted polymer–solid-phase extraction. The optimum operating conditions for the highest efficiency of adsorbing Li+ were determined to be a pH of 8.49 and a temperature of 45.5 °C. The efficiency of ion-imprinted polymer regeneration was evaluated through a cycle of the adsorption–desorption process, which resulted in Li recoveries of up to 80%. The recovery of Li from the spiked brine sample obtained from the desalination plant reverse osmosis waste through the ion-imprinted polymer ranged from 62.8% to 71.53%.
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Qiu, Hua Min, Chuan Nan Luo, Lu Lu Fan, Zhen Lv, and Fu Guang Lu. "Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Prepared by Precipitation Polymerization for Quercetin." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 646–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.646.

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In this paper, molecular imprinted polymer for quercetin was synthesized by precipitation polymerization with acrylamide as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker, 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator and acetone as the solvent. The polymers’ adsorption properties were characterized. As results shown that the synthesized imprinted polymer is microspheres with particle size in the nanometer scale, the adsorption capacity of quercetin imprinted polymers is 1.1×10-5mol/g, adsorption temperature is 60°C, adsorption time is 30 min. The molecular imprinting technology was introduced in interference test with a satisfactory result in selectivity.
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Bing, Nai Ci, Xiang Rong Zhu, Zhen Tian, Hong Yong Xie, and Li Jun Wang. "Controllable Imprinted Polymer Layer Coated Silica-Gel for S-1-(1-Naphthyl) Ethylamine Recognition by ATRP." Advanced Materials Research 508 (April 2012): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.508.237.

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Controlled grafting ofS-1-(1-naphthyl) Ethylamine-imprinting polymer layer on the silica-gel was carried out by the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Polymerization time was used as the independent variable to manipulate the amount of grafted imprinting polymer on the silica-gel. For comparison, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) without silica-gel also prepared at the same condition. SEM, FT-IR and UV spectrum were used to study the structural morphology and selectivity of polymers and probe the incorporation of imprinted polymer layer on the surface of substrates. Results indicate that the integration of ATRP and molecularly imprinted polymerization realize preparation of molecular selective polymers and it is possible to tune selectivity and morphology in rational way by changing polymerization times. Meanwhile, we achieve a reference strategy for the development of molecularly imprinting polymer for drugs and to handle forms in certain applications such as chromatographic stationary phases for chiral separations.
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Augustine, Anju, and Beena Mathew. "Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube Incorporated Molecular Imprinted Polymer with Binding Affinity towards Testosterone." ISRN Polymer Science 2014 (February 19, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/790583.

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A novel polymer was synthesised using functionalized carbon nanotube and acrylamide as the polymer support for the separation of testosterone. The developed polymers were characterised using FT-IR, XRD, and SEM techniques. Imprinted polymer showed specificity towards the template testosterone. Among the various polymers, the MWCNT incorporated polymer showed high binding towards the used template. Investigation of the selectivity characteristics revealed that the developed polymer showed selectivity toward the template testosterone than similar compounds. The bound template could be totally recovered and regenerated polymer maintains its recognition property after repeated use. On the basis of the results, the imprinted polymer can be applied for the direct extraction of testosterone in clinical analysis.
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Thach, Ut Dong, Hong Hanh Nguyen Thi, Tuan Dung Pham, Hong Dao Mai, and Tran-Thi Nhu-Trang. "Synergetic Effect of Dual Functional Monomers in Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Preparation for Selective Solid Phase Extraction of Ciprofloxacin." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 2788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162788.

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Background: Ciprofloxacin (CIP), an important broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was often used as a template molecule for the preparation of imprinted materials. In this study, methacrylic acid and 2-vinylpyridine were employed for the first time as dual functional monomers for synthesizing ciprofloxacin imprinted polymers. Methods: The chemical and physicochemical properties of synthesized polymers were characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm. The adsorption properties of ciprofloxacin onto synthesized polymers were determined by batch experiments. The extraction performances were studied using the solid phase extraction and HPLC-UV method. Results: The molecularly imprinted polymer synthesized with dual functional monomers showed a higher adsorption capacity and selectivity toward the template molecule. The adsorbed amounts of ciprofloxacin onto the imprinted and non-imprinted polymer were 2.40 and 1.45 mg g−1, respectively. Furthermore, the imprinted polymers were employed as a selective adsorbent for the solid phase extraction of ciprofloxacin in aqueous solutions with the recovery of 105% and relative standard deviation of 7.9%. This work provides an alternative approach for designing a new adsorbent with high adsorption capacity and good extraction performance for highly polar template molecules.
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Jiang, Xu Hong, and Zhan Mei Liu. "Uiformly-Sized, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Naproxen by Precipitation Polymerization." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.713.

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Uniformly-sized, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for (D)-naproxen have been prepared by a precipitation polymerization method using methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer and divinylbenzene (DVB) as a cross-linker in acetonitrile or a mixture of toluene and acetonitrile(1:3). The (D)-naproxen-imprinted MAA-co-DVB polymers were monodispersed microspheres with size in the range of 1.5 to 3.6µm. Enantioseparation of naproxen was attained using the (D)-naproxen-imprinted MAA-co-DVB polymer microspheres. When Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA) was used as a cross-linker, the MAA-co -EGDMA polymers were sub-microspheres with the average size of 350nm and showed very low affinity for the template (D)-naproxen . The (D)-naproxen-imprinted MAA-co-DVB polymer microspheres prepared in the mixture of toluene showed the highest molecular recognition ability and with the biggest size of 3.6µm.
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Bhawani, Showkat Ahmad, Nur'Izzah Binti Juarah, Salma Bakhtiar, Rachel Marcella Roland, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim, Khalid Mohammed Alotaibi, and Abdul Moheman. "Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for Removal of Sudan III Dye." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 12 (2022): 3269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.24052.

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Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles of Sudan III dye as template were synthesized by using non-covalent approach. The molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized in a microemulsion contained Sudan III as a template, acrylic acid (AA) as a monomer, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker and 2,2-azo-bisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The synthesized beads were characterized by TEM and FTIR. The TEM results revealed the nanosize beads of polymers were produced. The efficiency of imprinted and non-imprinted polymers was evaluated by batch binding studies. The results showed that the MIP 3 (0.1: 6: 10, Sudan III: AA: 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate) was best among all polymers with highest rebinding efficiency. The removal efficiency of selected MIP 3 in the spiked Sudan III dye river water sample was about 80%. This study was conducted to produce nanosized molecularly imprinted polymers by using microemulsion polymerization technique.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Imprimed polymers"

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Sala, Alexandre. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères à empreintes ionique du cuivre pour la conception d'électrodes modifiées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUL0010.

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L’utilisation du cuivre en tant qu’agent biocide dans les revêtements anti-salissures sur les bateaux a provoqué son accumulation dans les eaux portuaires. Le but de ces travaux de thèse est de développer des capteurs électrochimiques permettant sa détection dans des échantillons marins. Pour cela des polymères à empreintes du cuivre(II) ont été élaborés et utilisés pour la modification d’électrodes.Dans un premier temps, des particules de polymères à empreintes ont été synthétisées à l’aide d’un agent réticulant (le diméthacrylate d’éthylène glycol ou le N,N’-méthylène-bis-acrylamide) et d’un monomère fonctionnel, la méthacrylamido-L-histidine (MAH) qui permet la formation d’un complexe avec le cuivre(II). La caractérisation physico-chimique a permis de confirmer la bonne intégration de la MAH et d’évaluer les propriétés morphologiques des polymères.Les propriétés de rétention du cuivre(II) ont ensuite été étudiées et les particules présentant les meilleures performances ont été utilisées pour la fabrication d’électrodes à pâte de carbone. Ces électrodes, avec une limite de détection de 5,9 x 10-2 μM (ou 3,75 μg/L), ont permis la détermination de cuivre(II) dans des échantillons marins.Enfin, de nouvelles voies de modifications de surface ont été explorées pour la formation de film polymère in situ. Ainsi, des iniferters ont été greffés sur des électrodes en or par formation de mono-couches auto-assemblées mais aussi par électropolymérisation d’un polymère avec des fonctions iniferters pendantes. Cette dernière voie a permis de photopolymériser un film de polymère à empreintes du cuivre(II) sur une électrode de carbone
The use of copper as a biocide in anti-fouling coatings on ships has led to its accumulation in harbour waters. The aim of this work is to develop electrochemical sensors for its detection in marine samples. For this purpose, copper(II)-imprinted polymers were prepared and used for the modification of electrodes.Firstly, imprinted polymer particles were synthesised using a cross-linking agent (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide) and a functional monomer, methacrylamido-L-histidine (MAH), which can form a complex with copper(II). The physico-chemical characterization of the polymer particles confirmed the integration of MAH and allowed to evaluate the morphological properties of the polymers.The copper(II) binding properties were then evaluated and the particles with the best performance were used to make carbon paste electrodes. These electrodes, with a detection limit of 5.9 x 10-2 μM (or 3.75 μg/L), allowed the determination of copper(II) in marine samples.Finally, new approaches for surface modification were explored for in situ polymer film formation. Thus, iniferters were grafted onto gold electrodes by the formation of self-assembled monolayers but also by electropolymerisation of a polymer with pendant iniferter functions. The latter route allowed the photopolymerisation of a copper(II)-imprinted polymer film on a carbon electrode
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Mandadi, Deepika. "A Characterization of Caffeine Imprinted Polypyrrole Electrode." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/130.

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Nanotechnology holds great potential for improving our lives by creating many new materials and devices in medical sciences, electronics and also in energy production. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are highly stable synthetic polymers that possess molecular recognition properties due to cavities created in the polymer matrix that are complementary to an analyte both in shape and in positioning of functional groups. These MIPs have been widely employed for diverse applications (e.g., in chromatographic separation, drug screening, chemosensors, catalysis, immunoassays etc) due to their specificity towards the target molecules and high stability against physicochemical perturbations. Conductive polymers, (CPs) such as polypyrrole, can be likened to semiconductors because of small band gaps and low electronic mobility. CPs are exploited as an excellent tool for the preparation of nanocomposites with nano scaled biomolecules. Polypyrrole (Ppy) was the first of this key family of compounds to show high conductivity. So, electrically conducting polypyrrole (Ppy) has numerous applications. In this study, caffeine imprinted electrodes (CIE) were prepared and characterized. This research project mainly focused on three important aspects: &#;To determine the thickness of the polymeric film. &#;To determine the Limit of detection (LOD) of the polymeric film at different conditions. &#;To determine the Analytical Sensitivity (γ) of the polymeric film at varied conditions. In summary these are conclusions stated: •The thickness of the electrode increased with an increase in the number of pulses. The film thickness increased linearly up to an application of 30 pulses and after 30 pulses, an increase in slope occurred with again a linear correlation up to the maximum applied number of pulses, 42. This change in slope may indicate a different mechanism taking place. •LOD is improved as the caffeine load is reduced from 10.0 to 3.0 mM and as the number of pulses is reduced from 36 to 24. •γ increases the number of pulses increase from 24 to 36 and also increases as the caffeine load increases.
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O'Donnell, Elizabeth Anne. "Water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymers." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438467.

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Robak, Andrew Joseph. "Development of coenzyme-imprinted molecularly imprinted polymers as catalysts /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1276397881&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-100). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Tsai, Mei-Hsuan. "Boron containing molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) templates from symmetric and asymmetric diboration of olefins and other boron containing functional polymers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608235.

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Bates, Ferdia. "Design and development of molecularly imprinted polymers and imprinted sensors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399170.

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Esta tesis se ha hecho principalmente para estudiar e investigar polímeros impresos (MIPs) con la intención de usarlos como sensores de larga vida. La línea de investigación de esta tesis es la dirigida a conseguir la integración de estas formaciones impresas dentro de una lengua electrónica (ET), que es la rama de especialización en la que se ha desarrollado principalmente este proyecto. Después de hacer una revisión de la literatura, que inicialmente se centraba en la aplicación de MIPs a un equipo electroquímico, un sensor voltamétrico impreso y un procedimiento sensitivo complementario, el procedimiento se creó a través de una combinación de protocolos tomados de la literatura. Este sensor, descrito en el Artículo 1, presentaba una buena selectividad hacia el analito primario, teofilina, además de la especificidad requerida frente a sus análogos estructurales. Aunque el diseño del sensor permitía una mejor regeneración de la superficie respecto a otros sistemas parecidos encontrados en la literatura, el comportamiento de los polímeros usados en el MIP retardaba la tasa de transferencia de electrones en la superficie del sensor. Por culpa de este fenómeno, la sensibilidad del sensor se reducía. Justo después de estos experimentos iniciales, se hizo una colaboración con el grupo del Profesor Sergey Piletskey en la Universidad de Leicester (UoL) de Reino Unido. Durante este período, se realizó un estudio intensivo del proceso de diseño de impresión molecular asistido por un sistema computacional de modelización molecular ‘inhouse’. Se puso énfasis en el diseño de un receptor impreso para la molécula de baja solubilidad melanina, que se toma como ‘template modelo’. El MIP resultante se caracterizó y usó para la detección de melanina en muestras de leche, tal y como se describe y detalla en el Artículo 2. Más tarde, utilizando los conocimientos adquirido durante la estancia en Leicester, se desarrollaron nuevas técnicas de modelización computacional para la evaluación de los métodos utilizados en la modelización de MIPs, con el objetivo de obtener una técnica de evaluación virtual para el diseño de receptores impresos, optimizados para los requerimientos necesarios para su posterior aplicación en un sensor ET, tal como se detalla en el Artículo 3. Tal y como se detalla en el capítulo final de esta tesis, la experiencia y conocimientos adquiridos durante la investigación, se usaron para diseñar un grupo de sensores que funcionan asociados a ET. Este desarrollo podría ampliarse profundizando en la selección computacional de polielectrolitos, que luego serían inmovilizados en la superficie de un electrodo voltamétrico mediante una tinta de grafito conductora, de elevada robustez y estabilidad. En este sentido, también se proponen otras recomendaciones para lograr la mejora de la capacidad de regeneración de los MIPs utilizados, por ejemplo mediante la separación de MIP y electrodo. Finalmente, se presentan algunas sugerencias para colaboraciones institucionales, con el propósito de crear un sistema ET móvil, que permita recoger y analizar muestras en campo.
This thesis was predominantly undertaken to study and investigate molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) with a view to their use as high longevity sensing elements in sensor arrays. The research line of the thesis was intended to lead to the integration of these imprinted arrays into an Electronic Tongue (ET) sensing system which is the area of expertise of the research group in which this project was primarily executed. Having initially executed a review of the literature, focusing initially on the application of the MIPs to an electrochemical device, an imprinted voltammetric sensor and a complimentary sensing procedure was developed using a combination of protocols extracted from the literature. This sensor, described in Article 1, had good selectivity toward the primary analyte, theophylline, and specificity against structural analogues. Though the design of the sensor allowed for significantly improved regeneratibility of the sensor relative to similar systems in the literature, the insulating nature of the polymers used in the MIP reduced the electron transfer rate at the sensor surface and thus resulted in a reduction in sensitivity. Following this initial experimental study, a secondment was undertaken in the University of Leicester under the supervision of Professor Sergey Piletsky. During this period, an intensive study of the design process of molecular imprinting, aided by an in-house computational molecular modelling platform, was conducted focusing on the design of an imprinted receptor for the low solubility 'model template', melamine. This MIP was successfully synthesised, characterised and used in the detection of melamine in milk samples, as detailed in Article 2. Further development of computational modelling techniques for the evaluation of MIP modelling techniques was also achieved with a view to create a virtual evaluation technique for the design of imprinted receptor sites optimised for the requirements of their application to an ET sensor array using the skills acquired during the Leicester secondment as detailed in Article 3. As detailed in the final chapter of this thesis, the insight into the imprinting process which was acquired during the research has been used to design a sensor array system which meets the specifications of ET experimental runs. This takes the form of the introduction of the research topic computationally selected polyelectrolytes, immobilised onto a voltammetric electrode surface via highly robust conducting graphite ink. Additional recommendations are also made to further enhance the on-going MIP projects within the laboratory, such as the separation of the MIP and the electrode to increase MIP regeneratibility. Some final suggestions for some other inter-institutional collaboration are also presented which aim to creating portable ET system for in-field sample collection and analysis.
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Yvenou, Etienne. "Développement de modules thermoélectriques imprimés et flexibles pour des applications à température ambiante." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI071/document.

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L’effet thermoélectrique permet la conversion directe et réversible d’un flux de chaleur en courant électrique via l’utilisation de semi-conducteurs de type-p et de type n. Les polymères conjugués, comme le poly(3,4-éthylènedioxythiophène) (PEDOT) sont pressentis pour être des alternatives aux alliages de tellurure de bismuth (Bi2Te3) coûteux, toxiques et difficiles à synthétiser.Cette thèse se propose d’améliorer la conductivité électrique d’un PEDOT et de faciliter sa mise en œuvre par une technique d’impression grande surface comme le spray.La première partie porte sur l’amélioration de la synthèse par tournette du PEDOT : OTf dont le dopage est stabilisé par le contre-ion trifluorométhanesulfonate (OTf-). Plusieurs co-solvants sont testés comme la pyridine ou la NMP. Ces co-solvants permettent de ralentir la polymérisation et d’améliorer ainsi la structure du matériau. Des conductivités électriques de 3600 S.cm-1 avec un coefficient Seebeck aux environs de 20 µV.K-1 sont atteintes.La seconde partie étudie les avantages et les inconvénients d’une synthèse de ce PEDOT : OTf amélioré par spray ultrasonique. Cette technique permet de conserver la formulation développée pour le dépôt par tournette. Il est possible d’obtenir des films épais (~ 1 µm) avec une conductivité électrique supérieure à 1650 S.cm-1. Des études par diffraction des rayons X et de transports permettent de comparer les deux méthodes de dépôt et d’orienter les choix de formulation et de procédé.Finalement, avec ces améliorations apportées, des exemples de modules thermoélectriques imprimés sont présentés et évalués. Ainsi en imprimant plus de 300 thermocouples connectés en série puis roulés, un tel module thermoélectrique occupe une surface inférieure à une pièce de 50 centimes d’euro et peut générer 1 µW avec un gradient de température de 35 °C.Cette thèse souhaite pouvoir apporter des éléments de réponse sur la relation entre la mise en œuvre et les propriétés électriques des polymères conducteurs
Thermoelectricity can convert directly and reversibly a heat flux into an electric current with p and n-type semiconductors. Conjugated polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene) (PEDOT), offers an alternative to the best room temperature thermoelectric materials based on bismuth telluride alloys which used scarce, hazardous and hard to process raw materials.This PhD work aims to enhance the electrical conductivity of an in-situ polymerised PEDOT and make it easy to process with large scale printing techniques like spray-coating.The first part focus on the optimisation of this synthetized PEDOT through spin-coating. The doping of this PEDOT is stabilised with the counter-ion trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf-). One way of enhancement is to add co-solvents like pyridine and NMP in order to slow down the polymerisation rate. Consequently, PEDOT:OTf get a better structure and reach an outstanding electrical conductivity of 3,600 S.cm-1 without decreased the Seebeck coefficient which remains around 20 µv.K-1.The second part studies pro and cons of the ultrasonic spray as a coating technic to this enhanced PEDOT:OTf. This technic allows to keep an ink formulation closed of the spin-coating one and can print thick films (~ 1 µm) with an electrical conductivity above 1650 S.cm-1. XRD and transport measurements are achieved in order to understand and compare both spray and spin-coating techniques. And therefore, to enlighten improvement on formulation and process.At last, several examples of spray-coated thermoelectric generators are shown and tested. Thus by printing more than 300 thermocouples connected in series and rolled into a cylinder, such devices could produce 1 µW with a gradient of temperature of 35 °C on a surface less than a 5 cm2 (size of a coin).This thesis work wishes to provide insight on the process-electrical relationship in conducting polymers
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Bonini, Francesca. "Molecularly imprinted polymers for protome analysis." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/2716.

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Fast and efficient methods for the detection of insurgence and progression of diseases are at the basis of modern diagnostics and medicine. In this concern, biomarkers represent a powerful diagnostic tool, as their expression profiles well correlate with the pathology progression. Thus, the pathological state could be diagnosed by measuring the altered presence of a biomarker. In this direction, conspicuous help has been given by proteomics, intended as the study of the protein pattern of a sample and most frequently performed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Although the proteome approach is a powerful analytical method, its application to biological samples for the detection and quantification of putative biomarkers is hampered by technical problems, in fact, the wide diversity in concentrations exhibited by the proteins present in the biological samples, with a concentration range spanning over nine orders of magnitude, and the relative abundance of each protein, are responsible of masking the less abundant species and of their loss in traceability. The aim of my PhD project is to apply Molecularly Imprinted Technology to the specific removal of a high abundance protein (Human Serum Albumin, HSA) frequently affecting proteomic analysis, in order to increase the detection of potential biomarkers. This technology allows the creation of artificial recognition sites in synthetic polymers for a specific protein. These sites are tailor-made in situ by co-polymerisation of functional monomers and cross-linkers around the template molecules. Two different approaches have been assayed in order to remove HSA: • Immobilisation of protein template on a rigid silica support (bead) and creation of polymer around beads. • Polymerisation in bulk of a polymer with protein template and application of this polymer to multicompartment electrolyser. In both of the cases, the chemical and structural features of the polymers have been analysed, after that they have been applied to complex proteome pre-treatment, obtaining encouraging results.
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Mistry, Reena. "Niacinamide analysis using molecularly imprinted polymers." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43182.

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The objectives of this research were to use molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) and microfluidic chips as an approach to a rapid and low cost analytical method for niacinamide analysis. Lab-on-a-chip (microfluidics) devices are becoming increasingly popular due to their relatively low cost, sensitivity, and speed. MIPs may be able to serve as solid-phase extraction packing material in microfluidic chips. To reach the objectives, it was necessary to identify the mechanisms by which binding of analyte to polymer occur, determine the optimal functional monomer to cross-linker ratio, and gain an understanding of the polymeric structure and characteristic bonds. An MIP was created using niacinamide (NAM) as the template, methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linker, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the free-radical initiator, and chloroform as the porogen. It was hypothesized that rebinding occurs via hydrogen-bonding of the carbonyl and amide groups of NAM to the oxygen atoms in the carboxyl group of MAA. Rebinding studies were conducted using compounds with similar functional groups to NAM to determine binding mechanism to the polymer. Both the pyridyl nitrogen and the amide group were found to be important in hydrogen bonding interactions with the polymer. Polymers were optimized for rebinding by using different ratios of functional monomer:cross-linker (MAA:EGDMA) and determining imprint factor of NAM to each polymer. The 1:4 polymer yielded the highest imprinting factor, indicating that the polymer is most selective for NAM. FTIR was conducted to determine the structure of polymers created and whether NAM detection and quantification was possible. There was a peak at 1725 cm⁻¹, which was a shift of the C=O stretching band from 1694 cm⁻¹ in MAA and 1717 cm⁻¹ in EGDMA, indicating a chemical interaction between the two compounds. The disappearance of a peak at 1633 cm⁻¹ showed a loss of conjugation in the carboxylic acid in the polymeric structure. Through this research, knowledge was gained about the polymer optimization and structure. However, more studies need to be conducted to determine the feasibility of an MIP application for a lab-on-a-chip device.
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Wang, Jinfang. "Xanthine-imprinted polymers for decaffeination applications." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431777.

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Books on the topic "Imprimed polymers"

1

Martín-Esteban, Antonio, ed. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1629-1.

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Mattiasson, Bo, and Lei Ye, eds. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Biotechnology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20729-2.

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Börje, Sellergren, ed. Molecularly imprinted polymers: Man-made mimics of antibodies and their applications in analytical chemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001.

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Bartsch, Richard A., and Mizuo Maeda, eds. Molecular and Ionic Recognition with Imprinted Polymers. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0703.

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Kutner, Wlodzimierz, and Piyush Sindhu Sharma, eds. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Analytical Chemistry Applications. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788010474.

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A, Bartsch Richard, Maeda Mizuo, American Chemical Society. Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry., and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Molecular and ionic recognition with imprinted polymers. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998.

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1967-, Yan Mingdi, and Ramström Olof, eds. Molecularly imprinted materials: Science and technology. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2005.

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Liu, Zhaosheng, Yanping Huang, and Yi Yang, eds. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Advanced Drug Delivery Systems. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0227-6.

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1947-, Komiyama Makoto, ed. Molecular imprinting: From fundamentals to applications. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Davis, Fred J., ed. Polymer Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198503095.001.0001.

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Polymer Chemistry: A Practical Approach in Chemistry has been designed for both chemists working in and new to the area of polymer synthesis. It contains detailed instructions for preparation of a wide-range of polymers by a wide variety of different techniques, and describes how this synthetic methodology can be applied to the development of new materials. It includes details of well-established techniques, e.g. chain-growth or step-growth processes together with more up-to-date examples using methods such as atom-transfer radical polymerization. Less well-known procedures are also included, e.g. electrochemical synthesis of conducting polymers and the preparation of liquid crystalline elastomers with highly ordered structures. Other topics covered include general polymerization methodology, controlled/"living" polymerization methods, the formation of cyclic oligomers during step-growth polymerization, the synthesis of conducting polymers based on heterocyclic compounds, dendrimers, the preparation of imprinted polymers and liquid crystalline polymers. The main bulk of the text is preceded by an introductory chapter detailing some of the techniques available to the scientist for the characterization of polymers, both in terms of their chemical composition and in terms of their properties as materials. The book is intended not only for the specialist in polymer chemistry, but also for the organic chemist with little experience who requires a practical introduction to the field.
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Book chapters on the topic "Imprimed polymers"

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Hall, Andrew J., Marco Emgenbroich, and Börje Sellergren. "Imprinted Polymers." In Topics in Current Chemistry, 317–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b104333.

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Whitcombe, Michael J., and Dhana Lakshmi. "Imprinted Polymers." In Electropolymerization, 133–51. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527630592.ch7.

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Ulubayram, Kezban. "Molecularly Imprinted Polymers." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 123–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48584-8_10.

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Piletsky, Sergey A., Iva Chianella, and Michael J. Whitcombe. "Molecularly Imprinted Polymers." In Encyclopedia of Biophysics, 1596–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16712-6_719.

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Takeuchi, Toshifumi, and Hirobumi Sunayama. "Molecularly Imprinted Polymers." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials, 1–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36199-9_126-1.

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Haupt, Karsten, Ana V. Linares, Marc Bompart, and Bernadette Tse Sum Bui. "Molecularly Imprinted Polymers." In Topics in Current Chemistry, 1–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2011_307.

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Takeuchi, Toshifumi, and Hirobumi Sunayama. "Molecularly Imprinted Polymers." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials, 1291–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29648-2_126.

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Rosa, Mariana Azevedo, Tássia Venga Mendes, and Eduardo Costa Figueiredo. "Restricted Access Molecularly Imprinted Polymers." In Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, 53–70. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1629-1_5.

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Turiel Trujillo, Esther, and Myriam Díaz-Álvarez. "Preparation of Monolithic Fibers in Fused Silica Capillary Molds for Molecularly Imprinted Solid-Phase." In Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, 153–62. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1629-1_13.

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Bossi, Alessandra Maria, and Laura Pasquardini. "The Search for Peptide Epitopes for Through." In Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, 269–83. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1629-1_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Imprimed polymers"

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Vitale, U., A. Rechichi, M. D’Alonzo, C. Cristallini, N. Barbani, G. Ciardelli, and P. Giusti. "Selective Peptide Recognition With Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Designing New Biomedical Devices." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95587.

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Molecular imprinting is a technique for the synthesis of polymers capable to bind selectively specific molecules. The imprinting of large proteins, like cell adhesion proteins or cell receptors, can lead to important and innovative biomedical applications. However such molecules show such important conformational changes in the polymerisation environment that the recognition sites are poorly specific. The “epitope approach” can overcome this limit by adopting, as template, a stable short peptide sequence representative of an accessible fragment of a larger protein. The resulting imprinted polymer can recognize both the template and the whole molecule thanks to the specific cavities for the epitope. In this work two molecularly imprinted polymer formulations (macroporous monolith and nanospheres) were obtained with the protected peptides Z-Thr-Ala-Ala-OMe, as template, and Z-Thr-Ile-Leu-OMe, as analogue for the selectivity evaluation, the methacrylic acid, as functional monomer, the trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate, as cross-linkers. Polymers were synthesized by precipitation polymerisation in acetonitrile at 60 °C, thermally initiated with azobisisobutyronitrile. All polymers were characterized by the standard techniques SEM, FT-IR, and TGA. The supernatants from the polymerisation and the rebinding solutions were analysed by HPLC. The higher cross-linked polymers retained about the 70% of the template, against about the 20% for the lower ones. The extracted template amount and the rebinding capacity decreased with the cross-linking degree, while the selectivity showed the opposite behaviour. The pentaerythritol triacrylate cross-linked polymers showed the best recognition (MIP 2−, α = 1.71) and selectivity (MIP 2+, α′ = 5.58) capabilities.
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Zhenhe Chen, Bin Xue, Wentao Zhao, Linxia Zhang, Liquan Sun, and Aiqin Luo. "High porosity lysozyme imprinted polymers." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5964091.

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Ciardelli, G., F. M. Montevecchi, P. Giusti, D. Silvestri, I. Morelli, C. Cristallini, and G. Vozzi. "Molecular Imprinted Nanostructures in Biomedical Applications." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95669.

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Molecular imprinting is an emerging technology that allows to introduce nanostructured cavities into a polymer. In preparing molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs), the functional monomer(s) is first prearranged around the template molecule by specific interactions; the polymerisation is then carried out with a high percentage of cross-linking agent (which “freezes” the macromolecular network). Molecular mechanics and dynamics can be used to gain indications on the best monomers to be used in order to maximize interactions with the template. Once the polymerization reaction has been completed, the template is removed from the rigid three-dimensional network, leaving free recognition cavities available for the successive selective rebinding of the template itself. Precipitation polymerisation in dilute solutions involves the spontaneous formation of submicron scale polymer particles, which result suitable for recognition-rebinding application. Therapeutic applications: The recognition mechanism by MIPs relies mainly on the establishment of reversible hydrogen bonding interactions. It is clear that the efficiency of this mechanism is endangered in aqueous environments. MIPs working in water solutions are clearly of great interest in the medical and food industry and in sensor applications. We recently overcame these difficulties by the realisation of a system where cross-linked MI methylmethacrylate-methacrylic acid nanospheres where loaded on the surface or inside the matrix of porous membranes created by phase inversion. E.g. membranes were modified by adding cholesterol imprinted nanoparticles. Rebinding performances of nanoparticles modified membranes in buffer solution were tested showing a specific recognition of 14.09 mg of cholesterol/g of system (membrane and nanoparticles), indicating maintained binding capacity of supported particles as well. Tissue engineering: The engineering of functionalised polymeric structures for the study of cell activity is essential to the development of biological substitutes containing vital cells capable of regenerating or enhancing tissue function. Cells are organised within a complex matrix consisting of high molecular weight protein and polysaccharides known as the Extracellular Matrix (ECM). Two approaches are described to explore the possibility to provide scaffolds with specific and selective recognition of peptide sequences or proteins involved in cell adhesion mechanisms: one approach consists in the modification of porous structures with nanoparticles imprinted with aminoacid sequences (epitopes) of ECM proteins or transmembrane integrins, while the other consists in the combination of Soft Litography and Molecular Imprinting technologies (SOFT-MI). This technology allows to create imprinting nanocavities selective towards ECM proteins in microfabricated scaffolds, and in particular it permits to realise patterns with a well defined microscale geometry in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) scaffolds providing them with cell adhesion properties that were missing in the non-imprinted scaffold.
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Benito-Peña, Elena, Sergio Carrasco, Fernando Navarro-Villoslada, David R. Walt, and María C. Moreno-Bondi. "Optically-based Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Sensors." In Optical Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sensors.2017.setu2e.4.

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Lulinski, Piotr, and Dorota Maciejewska. "Preliminary Evaluation of Molsidomine Imprinted Polymers." In The 12th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-12-01269.

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Xie, Baiyi, and Aiqin Luo. "Research on the Lysozyme imprinted polymers." In 2015 2nd International Conference on Machinery, Materials Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mmeceb-15.2016.30.

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Tancharoen, Chompoonuch, Wannisa Sukjee, Chak Sangma, and Thipvaree Wangchareansak. "Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for explosive detection." In 2015 Asian Conference on Defence Technology (ACDT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acdt.2015.7111605.

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Murray, George M., Bradley R. Arnold, Craig A. Kelly, and O. Manuel Uy. "Imprinted polymer sensors for contamination detection." In Environmental and Industrial Sensing, edited by Yud-Ren Chen and Shu-I. Tu. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.418722.

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ZHANG, ZHUJUN. "MOLECULAR IMPRINTED POLYMER-BASED CHEMILUMINESCENCE SENSORS." In Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812839589_0037.

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Holthoff, Ellen L., Dimitra N. Stratis-Cullum, and Mikella E. Hankus. "Xerogel-based molecularly imprinted polymers for explosives detection." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by Augustus W. Fountain III and Patrick J. Gardner. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.850129.

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Reports on the topic "Imprimed polymers"

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Holthoff, Ellen L., Lily Li, Tobias Hiller, and Kimberly L. Turner. A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)-Coated Microbeam MEMS Sensor for Chemical Detection. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada622335.

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Harvey, Scott D. Ultraselective Sorbents. Task 2: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs)/Stabilized Antibody Fragments (STABs). Final Report FY 2004. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15016482.

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Holthoff, Ellen, and Dimitra Stratis-Cullum. A Nanosensor for Explosives Detection Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) and Surfaced-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada516676.

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Harvey, Scott D. Ultraselective Sorbents. Task 2: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs)/Stabilized Antibody Fragments (STABs). Final Report -- Fiscal Year (FY) 2005. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/860003.

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Bendikov, Michael, and Thomas C. Harmon. Development of Agricultural Sensors Based on Conductive Polymers. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591738.bard.

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In this 1-year feasibility study, we tried polymerization of several different monomers, commercial as well as novel, specially designed and synthesized for this project in the presence of the nitrate ion to produce imprinted conductive polymers. Polymers 1 and 2 (shown below) produced a response to nitrate, but one inferior to that produced by a polypyrrole (Ppy)-based sensor (which we demonstrated prior to this study). Thus, we elected to proceed with improving the stability of the Ppy-based sensor. In order to improve stability of the Ppy-based sensor, we created a two-layer design which includes nitrate-doped Ppy as an inner layer, and nitrate-doped PEDOT as the outer layer. PEDOT is known for its high environmental stability and conductivity. This design has demonstrated promise, but is still undergoing optimization and stability testing. Previously we had failed to create nitrate-doped PEDOT in the absence of a Ppy layer. Nitrate-doped PEDOT should be very promising for sensor applications due to its high stability and exceptional sensing properties as we showed previously for sensing of perchlorate ions (by perchlorate-doped PEDOT). During this year, we have succeeded in preparing nitrate-doped PEDOT (4 below) by designing a new starting monomer (compound 3 below) for polymerization. We are currently testing this design for nitrate sensing. In parallel with the fabrication design studies, we fabricated and tested nitrate-doped Ppy sensors in a series of flow studies under laboratory and field conditions. Nitrate-doped Ppy sensors are less stable than is desirable but provide excellent nitrate sensing characteristics for the short-term experiments focusing on packaging and deployment strategies. The fabricated sensors were successfully interfaced with a commercial battery-powered self-logging (Onset Computer Hobo Datalogger) and a wireless data acquisition and transmission system (Crossbow Technologies MDA300 sensor interface and Mica2 wireless mote). In a series of flow-through experiments with water, the nitrate-doped Ppy sensors were exposed to pulses of dissolved nitrate and compared favorably with an expensive commercial sensor. In 24-hour field tests in both Merced and in Palmdale, CA agricultural soils, the sensors responded to introduced nitrate pulses, but with different dynamics relative to the larger commercial sensors. These experiments are on-going but suggest a form factor (size, shape) effect of the sensor when deployed in a porous medium such as soil. To fill the need for a miniature reference electrode, we identified and tested one commercial version (Cypress Systems, ESA Mini-reference electrode) which works well but is expensive ($190). To create an inexpensive miniature reference electrode, we are exploring the use of AgCl-coated silver wire. This electrode is not a “true” reference electrode; however, it can calibrated once versus a commercial reference electrode at the time of deployment in soil. Thus, only one commercial reference electrode would suffice to support a multiple sensor deployment.
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Glasscott, Matthew, Johanna Jernberg, Erik Alberts, and Lee Moores. Toward the electrochemical detection of 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43826.

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Analytical methods to rapidly detect explosive compounds with high precision are paramount for applications ranging from national security to environmental remediation. This report demonstrates two proof-of-concept electroanalytical methods for the quantification of 2,4-dinitroanisol (DNAN) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). For the first time, DNAN reduction was analyzed and compared at a bare graphitic carbon electrode, a polyaniline-modified (PANI) electrode, and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrode utilizing PANI to explore the effect of surface-area and preconcentration affinity on the analytical response. Since some explosive compounds such as PETN are not appreciably soluble in water (<10 μg/L), necessitating a different solvent system to permit direct detection via electrochemical reduction. A 1,2-dichloroethane system was explored as a possibility by generating a liquid-liquid extraction-based sensor exploiting the immiscibility of 1,2-dichloroethane and water. The reduction process was explored using a scan rate analysis to extract a diffusion coefficient of 6.67 x 10⁻⁶ cm/s, in agreement with literature values for similarly structured nitrate esters. Once further refined, these techniques may be extended to other explosives and combined with portable electrochemical hardware to bring real-time chemical information to soldiers and citizens alike.
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