Journal articles: 'Impressed current'

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Arendt, H. Fr. "Impressed current cathodic protection." Materials and Corrosion 56, no. 4 (April 2005): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.200403834.

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Celdran, R., and P. Gonzalo. "Cathodic protection by impressed current." Journal of Chemical Education 62, no. 6 (June 1985): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed062p531.

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Nagar, R. P. "Remoteness of Impressed Current Anode Groundbeds." CORROSION 67, no. 1 (January 2011): 025001–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3543717.

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Broomfield, John P. "A Historical Review of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection of Steel in Concrete." Construction Materials 1, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/constrmater1010001.

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This paper reviews the history of the development of impressed current cathodic protection of atmospherically exposed reinforced concrete from the first trials in 1959 on bridges to recently installed systems on a wide range of structures around the world. The paper covers the research efforts, anode developments, control systems and monitoring sensors which are reviewed and their evolution explained. The research into the potential and actual side effects of cathodic protection currents in concrete are summarised. The development of standards and guidance on impressed current cathodic protection is also reviewed.

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OKAMOTO, Katsutomo. "Impressed Current Deep Ground beds for Cathodic Protection." CORROSION ENGINEERING 36, no. 1 (1987): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr1974.36.1_42.

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Stepanov, B., A. Anghel, P. Bruzzone, and M. Vogel. "Impact of Impressed Current Unbalance on n-Index." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 14, no. 2 (June 2004): 1495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2004.830667.

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Holmes, S., A. Roberts, G. Glass, P. Robins, and G. Wilcox. "Response of Protective Current to Environmental Conditions During Sacrificial Anode Concrete Repair Treatments." Corrosion 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 105005–105005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3647766.

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Abstract This work examines the current response of installed “hybrid” (combined impressed current and sacrificial) anodes to changes in environmental conditions and investigates the effect of this “responsive behavior” on anode life span. The behavior reported is also discussed in terms of its correlation with the two reported models regarding the criteria for steel protection in concrete. The study showed that current passed by the installed anode was responsive to changes in concrete temperature, moisture, and chloride content during both the impressed current and galvanic phases of the hybrid treatment. This meant that anode life was conserved in benign conditions and shortened when the concrete environment was aggressive. It was also seen that a high current density impressed current treatment “activated” the installed anode, allowing it to pass a much higher current during the galvanic phase of the treatment. The data collected fits better with the acidification/pit realkalization model for corrosion monitoring of steel in atmospheric concrete, rather than the pitting potential/repassivation potential model used frequently in the industry.

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Sada, Bassim, Ramzy Ali, and Khearia Ali. "Identification and Control of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.12.2.12.

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In this paper the identification and control for the impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system are present. Firstly, an identification model using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) was implemented. The identification model consists of four inputs which are the aeration flow rates, the temperature, conductivity, and protection current, and one output that represented by the structure-to-electrolyte potential. The used data taken from an experimental CP system model, type impressed current submerged sample pipe carbon steel. Secondly, two control techniques are used. The first control technique use a conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller, while the second is the fuzzy controller. The PID controller can be applied to control ICCP system and quite easy to implement. But, it required very fine tuning of its parameters based on the desired value. Furthermore, it needed time response more than fuzzy controller to track reference voltage. So the fuzzy controller has a faster and better response.

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Sadiq Radhi, Mushtaq, Maan S. Hassan, and Iqbal N. Gorgis. "Experimental Comparability Among Different Accelerated Reinforced Steel Concrete Corrosion Methods." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.20 (November 28, 2018): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.20.25928.

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The objective of this paper is to inspect the effect of changing the density of the impressed current and wetting-drying condition on accelerated corrosion of reinforced concrete specimens by a galvanostatic method. Small-scale reinforced concrete columns were prepared and then artificially corroded by different setups of accelerated corrosion under an impressed current and also under different wetting-drying cycles for comparison. The density of the impressed current ranged between 50 and 500 µA/cm2 with different wetting-drying cycles periods. Corrosion current, and cracking were monitored throughout the accelerated corrosion period to determine the level of damage caused by the development of expansive reinforcement steel corrosion products, appearance of the first crack, and pattern of cracking.The results indicated that the galvanostatic method with wetting-drying sequences can be utilized effectively to simulate the normal corrosion of steel reinforcement in the concrete structure. The usage of different intensities of the current has no influence on the crack pattern. Though, increasing the current level leads to a substantial increase in the crack width due to corrosion of the steel reinforcement in a shorter time.

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Chernov, Boris Borisovich, Van Mung Vu, and Anas Maskharovich Nugmanov. "Comparative efficiency of different realization methods of cathodic protection for marine structures." E3S Web of Conferences 225 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122504001.

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Economic efficiency in using the solar panels as the DC sources for the impressed current cathodic protection of offshore structures was compared with the sacrificial anode cathodic protection. The calculation was based on the example of a sheet pile wall with a surface area of 2000 m2 protected by various methods of cathodic protection: the impressed current cathodic protection powered by a rectifier device, by solar panels with batteries, by solar panels without batteries and sacrificial anode cathodic protection. The results showed that the cost of impressed current cathodic protection powered by solar panels without batteries is the lowest after 10 years of operation. Cathodic protection powered only by solar panels without batteries is the most beneficial in cold climates when battery life is reduced, and for facilities that are remote from centralized power sources, where the power supplying cost to the protected structure is difficult to estimate due to specific situations.

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N. Abdul Sada, Bassim, Ramzy S. Ali, and Khearia A. Mohammed Ali. "Identification and Control of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System." Iraqi Journal for Electrical And Electronic Engineering 12, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33762/eeej.2016.118380.

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12

Pfeiffer, Robert A., John C. Young, Robert J. Adams, and Stephen D. Gedney. "Higher-order simulation of impressed current cathodic protection systems." Journal of Computational Physics 394 (October 2019): 522–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2019.06.008.

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Sun, Kun, Kai Hua Yue, Yuan Xu, Wen Li Xiang, and Wei Zhong. "Effects of Impressed-Current on Sensitivity of Adiabatic Shear of TC6 Titanium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.107.

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Dynamic compression test on TC6 titanium alloy samples have been done by using a split Hopkinson bar process and extra circuit under conditions of room temperature and high strain-rate. The effect of impressed-current on sensitivity of adiabatic shear of TC6 titanium alloy has been studied. It is shown that the impressed-current can reduce the sensitivity of adiabatic shear of TC6 titanium alloy under the condition of high strain-rate. Free electron in the samples will do direct move and take heat away from high localized area to decrease the effect of the heat. The result will help to delay formation of the adiabatic shear band. So, that is reducing the sensitivity of adiabatic shear of TC6 titanium alloy.

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Ayop, Sallehuddin Shah, and John J. Cairns. "The Influence of Impressed Current on Residual Bond Strength of Corroded Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 984–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.984.

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An experimental work was carried out to study the influence of impressed current on residual bond strength of corroded specimens. In accelerated corrosion process, two different current densities 0.08 mA/cm2 and 0.4 mA/cm2 were used which identified as ‘slow’ and ‘fast’ current. Beam end type bond specimens reinforced with 10 mm and 16 mm bar diameter were prepared for the bond test. Stirrups were provided along the main bar. Corrosion level of the main reinforcement was limited to 8% theoretical section loss. Other parameter such as the location of the test bar (corner and centre location) was also considered. The results indicate a significant influence of impressed current on the crack width with the ‘fast’ current tended to have wider crack than the ‘slow’ current. The influence on bond strength and other related parameters are being discussed.

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AL-Nemaa, Mudfar A., Sura G. Hamdoon, and Sura S. Najeb. "Designing the Current and Voltage Measuring Instrument for the Impressed Current Cathodic Protection." Kirkuk University Journal-Scientific Studies 4, no. 1 (June 28, 2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32894/kujss.2009.40123.

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Zakowski, Krzysztof, Michal Narozny, and Kazimierz Darowicki. "Protection of bridges against stray current corrosion." BALTIC JOURNAL OF ROAD AND BRIDGE ENGINEERING 10, no. 1 (March 10, 2015): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2015.02.

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A case study of Siennicki Bridge stray current corrosion hazard is presented. A corrosion risk was caused by incorrectly designed tram line traction which goes over the bridge. No dielectric insulation between running rails and bridge steel construction was used. A variety of protection methods against stray currents are described. Characteristics of the endangered bridge were described. Impressed current cathodic protection system against stray currents was proposed and designed at the Department of Electrochemistry, Corrosion and Materials Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology. Coupon technique measurements and potential measurements were performed to verify the effectiveness of the protection system.

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Morshed, Abu Zakir, Sheikh Shakib, and Tanzim Jahin. "Characterization of Impressed Current Technique to Model Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete." Journal of Engineering Science 11, no. 1 (October 5, 2020): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jes.v11i1.49551.

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Corrosion of reinforcement is an important durability concern for the structures exposed to coastal regions. Since corrosion of reinforcement involves long periods of time, impressed current technique is usually used to accelerate the corrosion of reinforcement in laboratories. Characterization of impressed current technique was the main focus of this research,which involved determination of optimum chloride content and minimum immersion time of specimens for which the application of Faraday’s law could be efficient. To obtain optimum chloride content, the electrolytes in the corrosion cell were prepared similar to that of concrete pore solutions. Concrete prisms of 200 mm by 200 mm by 300 mm were used to determine the minimum immersion time for saturation. It was found that the optimum chloride content was 35 gm/L and the minimum immersion time for saturation was 140 hours. Accounting the results, a modified expression based on Faraday’s law was proposed to calculate weight loss due to corrosion. Journal of Engineering Science 11(1), 2020, 93-99

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18

Malek, Rohaya Abdul, Atsushi Hattori, Kawano Hirotaka, and Nadia Kamaruddin. "Efficiency of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection in Repaired Reinforced Concrete." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.647.

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—Corrosion attack in reinforced concrete and thus contribute to degradation of concrete influenced by aggressive environment, represent a great concern in relation to the durability of reinforced concrete structures. In this respect, an interesting need is required that is patch repair with additional protection known as ICCP method to prolong the serviceability of the concrete structures. However, details inspection is crucial to understand the effect of different repairing materials and chloride content towards application of ICCP. To clarify this issue, non-protected and protected test specimens were prepared, and analyzed up to 175 days of protection. The result reveals that, reference specimen was found as most corroded specimen unable to obtain 100 mV depolarization at 56 days installation compared to repaired ones. However, all specimens show only greater depolarization values beyond 129 days of installation. To clarity further effectiveness of ICCP system to the studied specimens, time-dependence within 24 hours disconnecting CP current has been carried out and depolarization values was recorded every 4 hours interval. In the final analysis, all specimens are satisfying the CP criteria by obtaining depolarization potential ranging 100 to 250 mV at 4 and 24 hours monitoring period. Index Terms— corrosion attacks, reinforced concrete, repaired concrete, repairing materials, impressed current

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Lin, J. C., and H. C. Shih. "Protection of Steel by Inhibitors in Combination with Impressed Current." Key Engineering Materials 20-28 (January 1991): 935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.20-28.935.

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Hashim, Marwah, Khearia Mohammed, and Nawal Hamadi. "Modeling and Control of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) System." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.10.2.3.

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The corrosion of metallic structures buried in soil or submerged in water which became a problem of worldwide significance and causes most of the deterioration in petroleum industry can be controlled by cathodic protection (CP).CP is a popular technique used to minimize the corrosion of metals in a variety of large structures. To prevent corrosion, voltage between the protection metal and the auxiliary anode has to be controlled on a desired level. In this study two types of controllers will be used to set a pipeline potential at required protection level. The first one is a conventional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and the second are intelligent controllers (fuzzy and neural controllers).The results were simulated and implemented using MATLAB R 2010a program which offers predefined functions to develop PID, fuzzy and neural control systems.

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21

Attaianese, C., E. Pagano, and M. Scarano. "Numerical feeding algorithms for asynchronous motors with impressed armature current." IEE Proceedings B Electric Power Applications 139, no. 1 (1992): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-b.1992.0006.

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Khearia A.Mohammed A, Dr. "Modeling and Control of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) System." Iraqi Journal for Electrical And Electronic Engineering 10, no. 2 (December 28, 2014): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33762/eeej.2014.95594.

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23

Doufu, Ge, Zhang Zongwang, Zhang Chengdian, and Xu Naixin. "Novel technique of impressed current cathodic protection in atmospheric environments." British Corrosion Journal 24, no. 4 (January 1989): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000705989798269902.

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Hong, Shuxian, Fan Zheng, Guiyun Shi, Jiayao Li, Xiaolong Luo, Feng Xing, Luping Tang, and Biqin Dong. "Determination of impressed current efficiency during accelerated corrosion of reinforcement." Cement and Concrete Composites 108 (April 2020): 103536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103536.

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Christodoulou, C., G. Glass, J. Webb, S. Austin, and C. Goodier. "Assessing the long term benefits of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection." Corrosion Science 52, no. 8 (August 2010): 2671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2010.04.018.

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Jeong, Jin A., and Chung Kuk Jin. "Improvements in the Performance of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System with Variable Resistor at Various Environmental Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 376 (August 2013): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.376.288.

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This experiment represents the effect of impressed current cathodic protection with a variable resistor on concrete specimens. The effect of cathodic protection (CP) system on concrete structures can be changed at different condition. Especially, in marine concrete structures, it is difficult in applying impressed current CP by means of one rectifier in both high resistivity area (dry area) and low resistivity one (wet area). Thus, in this study, the variable resistor was utilized to fulfill similar CP effect on both high resistivity zone and low resistivity one in order to manage the problem. Specimens were concrete slab type with a base of 400mm × 400mm and a height of 70mm. Test factors were CP potential, CP current, and 4-hour depolarization potential. Test results showed that the variable resistor could have positive influences on an improvement in CP effects. In addition, environmental conditions had to be considered to reach enough CP potential and current in this system.

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Demoz, A., and W. I. Friesen. "Simplified Calculations of Impressed Current Anode Bed Resistance Underneath Tank Bottoms." CORROSION 64, no. 2 (February 2008): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3280682.

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Lindau, Tobias, and Michael Becken. "Using impressed current cathodic protection systems of pipelines for electromagnetic exploration." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): B155—B165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2017-0651.1.

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Low-frequency electromagnetic (EM) signals generated by networks of technical infrastructure such as power-lines, pipelines, or railways may provide a cheap and efficient means to perform EM depth sounding of the upper few kilometers of the earth. We attempt to use the signals emitted by an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system of a 35 km long gas pipeline segment in northwestern Germany. The installed ICCP system uses a periodical 12 s on/3 s off current switching scheme, which resembles current waveforms used in controlled-source electromagnetics (CSEM). In contrast to CSEM, where a grounded electrical dipole is used as the source, the current flow in pipelines is not constant along its legs. Our efforts are therefore concentrated toward the determination of the temporal and spatial behavior of the electrical current within the investigated pipeline segment. Although the time dependency of the current can be measured directly at the injection point, the spatial distribution is only accessible through indirect observations. We use fluxgate magnetic field measurements at multiple locations directly above the pipeline to infer the local source current and its frequency-dependency and phase lag. We observe that the current decays roughly exponentially away from the injection point, exhibits a position-dependent frequency dependency, and experiences a phase shift that accumulates to more than 30° at the ends of the segment. These effects can be consistently explained with a transmission line model. Having determined the current distribution, we can represent the pipeline as an EM source superposed of point dipoles. The estimated source model allows us to predict the electric (and magnetic) fields at remote locations. To verify our approach, we deploy an array of telluric recorders in the vicinity of the pipeline, estimate the frequency-domain transfer functions, and invert the data into a 3D electrical conductivity model using smoothness-constrained inversion techniques.

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Oh, Jin-Seok, and Jong-Do Kim. "A new protection strategy of impressed current cathodic protection for ship." KSME International Journal 18, no. 4 (April 2004): 592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02983643.

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Hong, Shuxian, Fan Zheng, Guiyun Shi, Biqin Dong, Min Liu, Luping Tang, and Yuxin Zhang. "Determining influence of impressed current density on current efficiency with X-ray micro-computed tomography." Construction and Building Materials 246 (June 2020): 118505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118505.

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Chen, Ju, Jun Wang, Ji-Hua Zhu, Yuan Feng, and Cheng-Bin Liu. "Study on the Corroded Hollow Section RC Columns Strengthened by ICCP-SS System." Buildings 11, no. 5 (May 8, 2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11050197.

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In this paper, the behavior of corroded hollow section RC (reinforced concrete) columns strengthened by an Impressed Current Cathodic Protection and Structural Strengthening (ICCP-SS) system was investigated. The Carbon Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (C-FRCM) composite serves dual functions in the intervention method. The axial compression behavior of strengthened columns was firstly investigated through axial compression tests. The influence of corrosion ratio and C-FRCM strengthening on the test results, such as failure mode, load–displacement curve, ultimate load, and ultimate strain, were analyzed. Test results showed that the ultimate load of the corroded specimens could be enhanced significantly by C-FRCM, and the ductility of the strengthened specimens was larger than the specimens without strengthening, especially for the specimens with higher corrosion ratios. Secondly, the effects of the ICCP-SS system on the migration and distribution laws of chloride ions (Cl−) in hollow section RC columns were analyzed by the potentiometric titration method. The main parameters include charging time, current density, and salt addition. Results showed that the rebar would have a certain blocking effect on the migration of Cl−, which resulted in that the content of Cl− in the inner side of the rebar was always larger than that of the outer side; and research results also showed that the increase of impressed current density and charge time would reduce the Cl− content on both sides of the rebar, while the impressed current would cause the Cl− near the rebars to constantly move toward the vicinity of CFRP.

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So, Yoon-Sik, Min-Sung Hong, Jeong-Min Lim, Woo-Cheol Kim, and Jung-Gu Kim. "Calibrating the Impressed Anodic Current Density for Accelerated Galvanostatic Testing to Simulate the Long-Term Corrosion Behavior of Buried Pipeline." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 2100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092100.

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Various studies have been conducted to better understand the long-term corrosion mechanism for steels in a soil environment. Here, electrochemical acceleration methods present the most efficient way to simulate long-term corrosion. Among the various methods, galvanostatic testing allows for accelerating the surface corrosion reactions through controlling the impressed anodic current density. However, a large deviation from the equilibrium state can induce different corrosion mechanisms to those in actual service. Therefore, applying a suitable anodic current density is important for shortening the test times and maintaining the stable dissolution of steel. In this paper, to calibrate the anodic current density, galvanostatic tests were performed at four different levels of anodic current density and time to accelerate a one-year corrosion reaction of pipeline steel. To validate the appropriate anodic current density, analysis of the potential vs. time curves, thermodynamic analysis, and analysis of the specimen’s cross-sections and products were conducted using a validation algorithm. The results indicated that 0.96 mA/cm2 was the optimal impressed anodic current density in terms of a suitable polarized potential, uniform corrosion, and a valid corrosion product among the evaluated conditions.

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Arda Widyaksa, Arda, Pompy Pratisna, Wawan Kusdiana, and M. Yunus Abdullah. "DESIGN ANALYSIS OF IMPRESSED CURRENT CATHODIC PROTECTION (ICCP) SYSTEM FOR UNDERWATER STRUCTURE OF INDONESIAN WARSHIP (KRI)." JOURNAL ASRO 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/asro.v11i1.210.

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In carrying out these basic tasks the Navy relies heavily on the readiness of the Indonesian Warship (KRI),including the readiness of underwater construction in KRI from corrosion attack on sea water. Nowadays, KRIuses Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection (SACP) from corrosion attack. Whereas, SACP system has someweakness, such as the lifetime protection is short. The aim of this paper is to the analysis of Impressed CurrentCathodic Protection (ICCP) design of the underwater structure of KRI using computative theory calculation andspecimen test. The results of ICCP design showed that the specimens I required 0.081 Ampere (A) forprotection current, specimen 2 required 0.010 A for protection current, specimens 3 required 0.00251 A. Withpotential protection between -800 mV up to -1100 mV, it described that the ICCP system is reasonable. Theresult of cathodic protection design towards an underwater structure of KRI (TR-40 Type) showed that 1.75 forAmpere (A) and 3.35 volt DC for voltage. The benefit of this paper is a reference standard in the planning of theICCP design at KRI.Keywords: Corrosion, Underwater Structure of Warship, Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP).

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Gau, Y., and I. Cornet. "Penetration of Hardened Concrete by Seawater Chlorides with and without Impressed Current." CORROSION 41, no. 2 (February 1985): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3581979.

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Chatterjee, S. S., and K. C. Banerjee. "Performances of Various Anodes Used in the Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System." Key Engineering Materials 20-28 (January 1991): 1001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.20-28.1001.

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Suginoue, Taiga, Hiroshi Seki, and Toshiyuki Aoyama. "Accelerating Impressed Current Test of Anode Embedded in Concrete for Cathodic Protection." Concrete Research and Technology 16, no. 1 (2005): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/crt1990.16.1_1.

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Zhu, Ji-Hua, Zhi Wang, Mei-ni Su, Tamon Ueda, and Feng Xing. "C-FRCM Jacket Confinement for RC Columns under Impressed Current Cathodic Protection." Journal of Composites for Construction 24, no. 2 (April 2020): 04020001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0001006.

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JANG, Seok-Ki, Min-Su HAN, and Seong-Jong KIM. "Electrochemical characteristics of stainless steel using impressed current cathodic protection in seawater." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 19, no. 4 (August 2009): 930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(08)60380-5.

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Nagai, Takaaki, Takahiro Tsuda, Masahiko Suzuki, Tsuneo Hosaka, and Shukuji Asakura. "Impressed Current Cathodic Protection of Steel Aqueduct Bridge to Bring River Water." Zairyo-to-Kankyo 54, no. 2 (2005): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr1991.54.68.

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Ameh, E. S., and S. C. Ikpeseni. "Pipelines cathodic protection design methodologies for impressed current and sacrificial anode systems." Nigerian Journal of Technology 36, no. 4 (January 15, 2018): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i4.12.

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Qiao, Guofu, Bingbing Guo, and Jinping Ou. "Numerical Simulation to Optimize Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems for RC Structures." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 29, no. 6 (June 2017): 04017005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001837.

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Zhang, Weiping, Junyu Chen, and Xujiang Luo. "Effects of impressed current density on corrosion induced cracking of concrete cover." Construction and Building Materials 204 (April 2019): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.230.

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Bahekar, Prasad V., and Sangeeta S. Gadve. "Impressed current cathodic protection of rebar in concrete using Carbon FRP laminate." Construction and Building Materials 156 (December 2017): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.145.

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Cui, Siwen, Youbin Zheng, Jun Liang, and Daoai Wang. "Conducting polymer PPy nanowire-based triboelectric nanogenerator and its application for self-powered electrochemical cathodic protection." Chemical Science 7, no. 10 (2016): 6477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sc02562e.

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A novel triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was constructed with PPy nanowires (PPy NWs). By harvesting the energies in the ambient environment, the PPy NW-based TENG can act as a power supplier and provide extra electrons to the surface of the connected metals, forming effective impressed current cathodic protection.

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Huang, Jun, Da Jing Fang, and Ya Ping Wang. "Impressed Current Cathodic Protection for Seawater Cooling Concrete Structures in Zawr Port, Saudi Arabia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5089.

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Impressed current cathodic protection is an international generally accepted and effective protection method of concrete is adopted in seawater cooling intake & outfall structures in Zawal port, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Total protected concrete area is about 27000m2, including diaphragm walls, edge beams, all walls (main wall and cross wall), floor slab, top slab and wing walls. This project is extensive, changed-constructed and the operating environment is severe. The successful implementation of this project has certain significance in relative projects in the industry.

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Tremolada, Simone, and Giorgio Martinelli. "Application in deep vertical groundbeds of linear flexible anodes." E3S Web of Conferences 121 (2019): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912105006.

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This paper is about a case of application of a new anode system in a vertical groundbed in Italy for the impressed current cathodic protection of gas distribution pipelines. This system offers significant advantages for the installation of impressed current cathodic protection groundbeds with easy and timesaving procedures, accurate Quality Check on the factory-made conductive connections and optimization of the current distribution. The reduction of anode resistance versus soil enables a relevant energy saving. The product is flexible even in current output and expected design life. It is possible to select parameters, like the Mixed Metal Oxide titanium anode diameter, the feeding cable insulation, the distance and number of joints between the anode and the cable to realize a specific product fit for purpose. The reduced diameter of this anode system will enable to design new wells with consistently reduced borehole diameter. Further cost optimization can be reached by concentrating the length of the active part of the anodic system, this resulting in a reduced perforation depth. Deep Vertical Groundbed (DVG) calculations for the design of new groundbeds are presented in details with examples of a traditional string of MMO titanium anodes and linear flexible anode as alternative options.

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Gurin, S. Yu, B. V. Akimov, and B. P. Gritsenko. "Theoretical and Experimental Study of Led Luminaire." Applied Mechanics and Materials 756 (April 2015): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.756.453.

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Today, the LED illumination takes one of the leading positions in the segment of lighting equipment. This is due to the lighting market demanding energy-efficient and ecologically safe sources of light. The purpose of this project was to investigate the temperature conditions of Сree LEDs, depending on impressed current. The basic idea was to obtain dependencies that could be used to select the optimal operating mode for getting the most LED lamp efficiency. Calculation of thermal conditions was held with the help of a special software application SolidWorks Flow Simulation. In the course of research 5 PCBs mounted on the aluminum housing of the designed luminaire were calculated. On each board different current from 0.35A to 1.5A was impressed. LED quantity on PCBs was chosen so that the luminous flux was the same on all the boards - 5klm. After the calculations the graphs and experiments, reflecting energy efficient characteristics of the luminaire were obtained. The analysis of obtained results elucidates that the operating heat regimes at LED supply currents varying from 0.35 A to 0.7 A are most suitable for the effective work of a lamp. At currents higher than 1 A, there is a considerable drop of the light output. The calculation of LEDs thermal condition (especially, powerful) and the choice of a suitable cooling system is one of the main criteria in the design of a reliable and durable LED lighting system.

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Mak, Michele Win Tai, Pieter Desnerck, and Janet M. Lees. "Correlation between surface crack width and steel corrosion in reinforced concrete." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819904009.

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Reinforced concrete structures are subjected to weather conditions, chemical attack and other sources of deterioration that can affect their performance. In particular, corrosion of the internal steel reinforcement is considered to be one of the main causes of structural deterioration. A possible consequence of corrosion is cracking of the surrounding concrete. Visual inspections are often used to inform asset management strategies. Finding a relationship between cracks that are visible on the outer surface of a structure and corrosion of the internal reinforcement can be helpful when making assessment decisions. To this end, unconfined cylindrical concrete specimens with an embedded steel bar have been subjected to accelerated corrosion using an impressed current density of 200µA/cm2, leading to steel mass losses between 5-24%. This paper discusses the measured correlation between corrosion-induced surface crack widths and degree of reinforcement corrosion. The tests highlighted some limitations of a set-up that is commonly adopted for accelerated corrosion and concentric pull-out bond testing. The findings of this study represent a first step towards the standardisation of accelerated corrosion testing procedures using an impressed current.

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Oh, Jin Seok, Myung Hyun Lee, J. D. Kim, and J. Y. Lee. "A New Control Algorithm for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection on the Underwater Hull." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.125.

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Cathodic protection is a system of preventing corrosion by forcing all surfaces of a hull to be cathode by providing external anodes. A metal can be made cathodic by electrically connecting it to a more anodic metal within the electrolyte. Anodes of these metals corrodepreferentially, the corrosion current of the anode achieving cathodic protection of the underwater hull to which they are connected. This paper presents a new current control algorithm for ICCP (Impressed Current Cathodic Protection) system. The anode of ICCP system is controlled by an external DC source with converter. The function of anode is to conduct the protective current into seawater. The DC source is generally obtained from main power system that contains a transformer, converter and etc. The proposed algorithm can operate AC-DC converter with current link. This algorithm includes the harmonic suppression control strategy and the optimum protection strategy and has tried to test the requirement current density for protection, the influence of voltage, the protection potential. Also, the properties of ICCP protected hull of ship in seawater are evaluated.

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Brousseau, R., M. Arnott, and B. Baldock. "Laboratory Performance of Zinc Anodes for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection of Reinforced Concrete." CORROSION 51, no. 8 (August 1995): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3293625.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Impressed current'

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